WO2015146623A1 - マルチフィラメント及び組紐 - Google Patents
マルチフィラメント及び組紐 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015146623A1 WO2015146623A1 PCT/JP2015/057441 JP2015057441W WO2015146623A1 WO 2015146623 A1 WO2015146623 A1 WO 2015146623A1 JP 2015057441 W JP2015057441 W JP 2015057441W WO 2015146623 A1 WO2015146623 A1 WO 2015146623A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- braid
- multifilament
- dtex
- less
- polyethylene
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/04—Dry spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
- D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
- D04C1/02—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof made from particular materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multifilament and braid excellent in dimensional stability and wear resistance.
- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene polyethylene having an extremely high molecular weight
- a polyethylene gel solution in which ultra high molecular weight polyethylene is dissolved in an organic solvent is made into a fibrous gel body by rapidly cooling after extrusion from an extruder, and a production method (hereinafter referred to as “continuous stretching”) while removing the organic solvent from the gel body.
- Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers manufactured by the gel spinning method are widely known as high-strength and high-modulus fibers (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- Such high-strength and high-modulus polyethylene fibers have been used in a wide range of fields in recent years.
- polyethylene fibers with improved strength and elastic modulus are used for, for example, ropes and braids, it is possible to design with a smaller number of driving or lower fineness, and it is possible to reduce the diameter of ropes, braids, etc.
- braids made of multifilaments or monofilaments are used for many purposes such as fishing lines, nets, blind cords, ropes.
- the functionality of braids is required in line with the required characteristics of products.
- fishing lines are required to have various characteristics depending on the type of fish to be caught and the method of fishing.
- the fishing line made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber that has been used in the past is an excellent fishing line in terms of high strength and high elastic modulus, but the microstructure inside the fiber is not uniform, and its dimensions and physical properties are likely to change. There was a problem. For this reason, when a fishing line is used, there is a problem that not only the dimensional stability is bad, but also the wear resistance, which is one of important elements as a fishing line, is poor.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a cord in which heat treatment is applied to the braid after being processed into the braid.
- This cord can suppress fluctuations in mechanical properties by applying heat treatment.
- the fiber yarns that make up the braid are less constrained, so the fiber yarns that are being assembled gradually change in size over time, and the cross section of the fiber yarn Since the shape becomes flat and the friction between the fiber thread and the fishing rod guide increases, there is a problem that the braid is easily worn and the throwing characteristics of the fishing rod are deteriorated.
- blind cord used for raising and lowering a blind a braid formed by using a twisted yarn of various synthetic fibers and natural fibers as a core yarn and covering the core yarn with a braid of various fibers has been used. Since the blind cord is used for raising and lowering the blind, it is important that the size of the blind cord is small even when it is repeatedly used, and the braid is not twisted back. In addition, since blind cords are used for a long period of time, it is an important factor that there is little change in physical properties such as expansion and contraction with respect to environmental changes such as temperature and humidity.
- blind cord wear becomes more severe than before due to the lifting and lowering. Therefore, the conventional blind cord has low wear resistance when used as a blind cord for a large blind, and changes in physical properties tend to be large, so that it is difficult to exhibit a sufficient function. For this reason, there is a strong demand for the appearance of blind cords with better performance, particularly with excellent wear resistance.
- the present invention has been aimed at providing multifilaments and braids that can be processed into products in a wide temperature range and that have excellent dimensional stability and wear resistance.
- the present inventors have found that a multifilament having excellent wear resistance, high strength and high elastic modulus can be obtained by bringing the crystal structure of the entire single yarn (monofilament) as close as possible.
- the multifilament according to the present invention comprises 5 or more single yarns, and the multifilament has an intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of 5.0 dL / g or more and 40.0 dL / g or less, and the repeating unit is substantially ethylene. It is characterized in that the number of reciprocating wear at break in the wear strength test measured with a load of 5 cN / dtex is 1000 or more in accordance with JIS L 1095.
- the fineness of the single yarn is preferably 3 dtex or more and 40 dtex or less.
- the multifilament of the present invention preferably has a thermal stress at 120 ° C. of 0.15 cN / dtex or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the heat shrinkage rate at 70 ° C. is 0.20% or less and the heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. is 3.0% or less. Further, it is preferable that the tensile strength is 18 cN / dtex or more and the initial elastic modulus is 600 cN / dtex or more.
- the method for producing a multifilament of the present invention includes a dissolving step in which the polyethylene is dissolved in a solvent to obtain a polyethylene solution, the polyethylene solution is discharged from a nozzle at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the polyethylene, and the discharged yarn is 10 ° C.
- the number of stretching in the stretching step is 1 to 3 times, the stretching ratio is 7.0 to 60 times, and the total stretching time is 0.5 to 20 minutes. To do.
- the present inventors use a multifilament in which the crystal structure of the entire single yarn (monofilament) is made as uniform as possible to make a braid having excellent wear resistance and high strength and high elastic modulus. I found it.
- the braid according to the present invention is a braid including multifilaments composed of five or more single yarns, and the braid is a fracture in an abrasion strength test measured in accordance with JIS L 1095 with a load of 5 cN / dtex.
- the multifilament includes polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of 5.0 dL / g or more and 40.0 dL / g or less, and a repeating unit of substantially ethylene. It is characterized by being.
- the difference between the number of reciprocating wear of the braid and the number of reciprocating wear of the multifilament when the braid is unwound is preferably 320 times or less.
- the multifilament in the state where the braid is unwound preferably has a number of reciprocating wear at break of 100 times or more in a wear strength test measured according to JIS L 1095 with a load of 10 cN / dtex. .
- the heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of the braid is 3.0% or less
- the tensile strength of the braid is 18 cN / dtex or more
- the initial elastic modulus of the braid is 300 cN / dtex or more. Is preferred.
- the difference between the tensile strength of the braid and the tensile strength of the multifilament when the braid is unwound is preferably 5 cN / dtex or less.
- the fineness of the single yarn is preferably 2 dtex or more and 40 dtex or less.
- the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound preferably has a heat shrinkage rate at 70 ° C. of 0.11% or less and a heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of 2.15% or less. It is preferable that the multifilament in the state of thermal stress is 0.15 cN / dtex or more at 120 ° C.
- the method for manufacturing the braid includes a step of stringing and heat-treating the multifilament, the heat treatment is performed at 70 ° C. or higher, and the time of the heat treatment is 0.1 second or longer and 30 minutes or shorter, During the heat treatment, a tension of 0.02 cN / dtex or more and 15 cN / dtex or less is applied to the braid.
- the length of the braid after the heat treatment is preferably 1.05 times or more and 15 times or less of the length of the braid before the heat treatment due to the tension.
- the present invention includes not only braids but also fishing lines obtained from braids, nets obtained from braids, and ropes obtained from braids.
- the multifilament and braid according to the present invention can be processed into products in a wide temperature range, and when using the product, mechanical properties such as thermal stress, thermal shrinkage, initial elastic modulus over a wide temperature range. Change is small, and the dimensional stability is excellent. In addition, it is resistant to rubbing even under overload conditions and has excellent wear resistance. This significantly improves the product life. Further, not only the amount of fluff generated due to rubbing during use is greatly reduced, but also the amount of fluff generated during processing into a product is reduced, so that the working environment is improved.
- the multifilament and braid according to the present invention include a protective knitted fabric, tape, rope, net, fishing line, material protection cover, sheet, kite thread, bowstring, sailcloth, curtain material, which utilizes cut resistance.
- Protective materials bulletproof materials, medical sutures, artificial tendons, artificial muscles, fiber reinforced resin reinforcing materials, cement reinforcing materials, fiber reinforced rubber reinforcing materials, machine tool parts, battery separators, chemical filters, etc. It exhibits excellent performance and design and can be applied widely.
- the multifilament according to the present invention preferably contains polyethylene whose repeating unit is substantially ethylene, and more preferably ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene made of a homopolymer of ethylene.
- the polyethylene used in the present invention can use not only a homopolymer of ethylene but also a copolymer of ethylene and a small amount of other monomers as long as the effects of the present invention are obtained. Examples of other monomers include ⁇ -olefin, acrylic acid and derivatives thereof, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof, vinylsilane and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- high molecular weight polyethylene examples include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene made of a homopolymer of ethylene, copolymers (copolymers of ethylene and other monomers (for example, ⁇ -olefin)), or homopolyethylene. It may be a blend of ethylene-based copolymer and further a blend of homopolyethylene and other homopolymers such as ⁇ -olefin, partially crosslinked, or partially methyl-branched, ethyl-branched, It may have a butyl branch or the like.
- it is a copolymer with an ⁇ -olefin such as propylene and 1-butene, and it is an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene containing a short chain or a long chain branch at a ratio of less than 20 per 1000 carbon atoms.
- Good. Inclusion of a certain amount of branching can give stability in spinning and drawing, especially in the production of the multifilament according to the present invention.
- the branching is reversed. It is not preferable that there are too many parts because it becomes a hindrance factor during spinning and drawing.
- monomers other than ethylene are 5.0 mol% or less in a monomer unit, More preferably, it is 1.0 mol% or less, More preferably, it is 0.2 mol% or less, Most preferably, it is 0.00. 0 mol%, that is, a homopolymer of ethylene.
- polyethylene includes not only ethylene homopolymers but also copolymers of ethylene and a small amount of other monomers, unless otherwise specified.
- a polyethylene composition in which various additives to be described later are blended with polyethylene as necessary can be used, and “polyethylene” in the present specification includes such a polyethylene composition. Include objects.
- polyethylenes having different number average molecular weights and weight average molecular weights may be blended, or the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn). Different polyethylenes may be blended. Further, it may be a blend of a branched polymer and an unbranched polymer.
- the polyethylene used in the present invention is preferably ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, and the weight average molecular weight of the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene is preferably 490,000 to 6,200,000, more preferably 550. 000 to 5,000,000, more preferably 800,000 to 4,000,000. If the weight average molecular weight is less than 490,000, the multifilament may not have a high strength and a high elastic modulus even if the stretching step described later is performed. This is presumed to be due to the fact that since the weight average molecular weight is small, the number of molecular ends per cross-sectional area of the multifilament increases, which acts as a structural defect. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight exceeds 6,200,000, the tension during the stretching process becomes very large, causing breakage, which makes it very difficult to produce.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polyethylene used in the present invention is 5.0 dL / g or more, preferably 8.0 dL / g or more, 40.0 dL / g or less, preferably 30.0 dL / g or less, more preferably 25. 0 dL / g or less.
- the intrinsic viscosity is less than 5.0 dL / g, a high-strength multifilament may not be obtained.
- the upper limit of the intrinsic viscosity is not particularly problematic as long as a high-strength multifilament can be obtained.
- the intrinsic viscosity of polyethylene is too high, it becomes difficult to produce a multifilament because the workability is lowered. It is preferable that it is the above-mentioned range.
- the multifilament according to the present invention preferably has a single yarn fineness of 3 dtex or more and 40 dtex or less, more preferably 5 dtex or more and 30 dtex or less, and further preferably 6 dtex or more and 20 dtex or less.
- the single yarn fineness is 3 dtex or more, high wear resistance is exhibited.
- the single yarn fineness exceeds 40 dtex, the strength of the multifilament is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the multifilament according to the present invention preferably has a total fineness of 15 dtex or more and 7000 dtex or less, more preferably 30 dtex or more and 5000 dtex or less, and further preferably 40 dtex or more and 3000 dtex or less.
- the total fineness is 15 dtex or more, high wear resistance is exhibited.
- the total fineness exceeds 7000 dtex, the strength of the multifilament is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the multifilament according to the present invention is composed of 5 or more single yarns, preferably 10 or more single yarns, more preferably 15 or more single yarns.
- the surface of the multifilament is washed with hexane and ethanol at room temperature, and after the surface of the multifilament is dried, a wear test based on JIS L 1095 is performed.
- the load is 5 cN / dtex.
- the number of times until breakage is 1000 times or more, preferably 1500 times or more, more preferably 3000 times or more.
- an upper limit is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 300000 times or less.
- the number of times until fracture when the load is 10 cN / dtex is 100 times or more, preferably 150 times or more, more preferably 200 times or more, and particularly preferably 300 times or more.
- an upper limit is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 100,000 times or less.
- the maximum value of thermal stress in TMA (mechanical thermal analysis) measurement is preferably 0.20 cN / dtex or more and 5.0 cN / dtex or less, more preferably 0.25 cN / dtex. As described above, it is 3.0 cN / dtex or less.
- the maximum value of thermal stress is less than 0.20 cN / dtex, the elastic modulus of the multifilament may be lowered, which is not preferable.
- the dimensional change will become large when the thermal stress maximum value exceeds 5.0 cN / dtex, it is not preferable.
- the temperature at which the thermal stress maximum value in TMA (mechanical thermal analysis) measurement is preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 130 ° C. or higher.
- the thermal stress at 120 ° C. in TMA (mechanical thermal analysis) measurement is preferably 0.15 cN / dtex or more and 0.5 cN / dtex or less, more preferably 0.17 cN.
- the elastic modulus of the multifilament may be lowered, which is not preferable.
- the multifilament according to the present invention preferably has a heat shrinkage rate at 70 ° C. of 0.20% or less, more preferably 0.18% or less, and still more preferably 0.15% or less. If the thermal shrinkage at 70 ° C exceeds 0.20%, the dimensions of the multifilaments that make up the braid when dyeing the braid at high temperature, attaching resin at high temperature, or washing the product with hot water, etc. The change becomes large, which is not preferable. Although a minimum is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 0.01% or more.
- the multifilament according to the present invention preferably has a heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C.
- the thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. exceeds 3.0%, it is not preferable that the braid is dried at a high temperature such as 120 ° C. in the drying process after washing the product, resulting in a large dimensional change of the multifilament constituting the braid. Moreover, when the braid is dyed at a high temperature, or when the product is washed with hot water, the dimensional change of the multifilament constituting the braid becomes large, which is not preferable. Although a minimum is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 0.01% or more.
- the heat shrinkage rate at 70 ° C. or 120 ° C. of the multifilament refers to the heat shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction of the multifilament at 70 ° C. or 120 ° C.
- the multifilament according to the present invention has a tensile strength of 18 cN / dtex or more, preferably 20 cN / dtex or more, more preferably 21 cN / dtex or more.
- the multifilament according to the present invention has the above-described tensile strength even when the single yarn fineness is increased, and is used for applications that require wear resistance and dimensional stability that cannot be developed with conventional multifilaments and conventional braids. Can be deployed.
- Higher tensile strength is preferred, and the upper limit is not particularly limited. For example, multifilaments having a tensile strength exceeding 85 cN / dtex are technically and industrially difficult to produce. The method for measuring the tensile strength will be described later.
- the multifilament according to the present invention preferably has a breaking elongation of 3.0% or more, more preferably 3.4% or more, still more preferably 3.7% or more, and preferably 7.0% or less. 0.0% or less is more preferable, and 5.0% or less is more preferable.
- the elongation at break is less than 3.0%, it is not preferable because breakage of single yarn or generation of fluff is likely to occur with a slight distortion when the product is used or processed into the product.
- the elongation at break exceeds 7.0%, the dimensional stability is impaired, which is not preferable. A method for measuring the elongation at break will be described later.
- the multifilament according to the present invention preferably has an initial elastic modulus of 600 cN / dtex or more and 1500 cN / dtex or less. If the multifilament has such an initial elastic modulus, physical properties and shape changes are less likely to occur due to external forces received during use of the product or during processing of the product.
- the initial elastic modulus is more preferably 650 cN / dtex or more, further preferably 680 cN / dtex or more, more preferably 1400 cN / dtex or less, still more preferably 1300 cN / dtex or less, particularly preferably 1200 cN / dtex or less. If the initial elastic modulus exceeds 1500 cN / dtex, the suppleness of the yarn is impaired by the high elastic modulus, which is not preferable. A method for measuring the initial elastic modulus will be described later.
- the coefficient of variation CV defined by the following formula (1) is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, More preferably, it is 20% or less. If the coefficient of variation CV representing the variation in the initial elastic modulus of the single yarn exceeds 30%, it is not preferable because not only the strength of the multifilament composed of the single yarn is lowered but also the wear resistance is deteriorated. In addition, although a minimum is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 0.5% or more.
- Coefficient of variation CV (%) (standard deviation of initial elastic modulus of the single yarn constituting the multifilament) / (average value of initial elastic modulus of the single yarn constituting the multifilament) ⁇ 100 (1)
- the single yarn used in the present invention preferably has a structure in which the crystal structure inside the single yarn is almost uniform throughout the cross section (vertical surface in the longitudinal direction). That is, the single yarn used in the present invention has a ratio of the diffraction peak intensity of the orthorhombic (200) plane to the diffraction peak intensity of the orthorhombic (110) plane in the measurement using the X-ray beam described later (hereinafter, The peak intensity ratio) is measured over the entire cross section of the single yarn, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is preferably 0.22 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less, and even more preferably 0.18 or less. .
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak intensity ratio exceeds 0.22, it indicates that the uniformity of the crystal structure of the entire cross section is insufficient, and a multi-layer consisting of a single yarn having a non-uniform crystal structure Filaments are not preferred because they tend to have low wear resistance.
- the lower limit of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak intensity ratio is not particularly limited, but about 0.01 is sufficient.
- the crystal structure inside the single yarn can be confirmed by an X-ray analyzer using an X-ray beam having a half-value width thinner than the diameter of the single yarn.
- the diameter of the single yarn can be determined with an optical microscope or the like.
- the cross section of the single yarn is an ellipse or the like, the distance connecting the two most distant points existing on the outer periphery of the single yarn is the diameter, and the midpoint of the two points is the center of the single yarn. It is preferable to use an X-ray beam having a half width of 30% or less of the diameter of the single yarn, and more preferably an X-ray beam having a half width of 10% or less of the diameter of the single yarn.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak intensity ratio is obtained by the following method.
- the peak intensity ratio is measured at equal intervals from the center of the single yarn to a position near the outer periphery of the single yarn (hereinafter referred to as the outermost point), the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak strength ratio are determined, and the difference is obtained.
- the outermost point is preferably a point separated from the center of the single yarn by 30% or more of the diameter, and more preferably 35% or more of the diameter.
- the number of measurement points of the peak intensity ratio from the center of the single yarn to the outermost point is preferably 3 or more, and more preferably 5 or more.
- the interval is preferably smaller than the half width of the X-ray beam, and the interval is more preferably 90% or less of the half width of the X-ray beam.
- the peak strength ratio is preferably 0.01 or more and 0.48 or less, more preferably 0.08 or more and 0.40 or less, and further preferably 0.15 or more and 0.35 or less at any measurement point inside the single yarn. It is. When there is a measurement point where the peak intensity ratio exceeds 0.48, the crystals inside the single yarn are extremely grown in the a-axis direction of the orthorhombic unit cell, and the crystal structure of the entire cross section A multifilament made of a single yarn having a non-uniform crystal structure indicates that the uniformity is insufficient.
- the coefficient of variation CV ′ defined by the following formula (2) is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and still more preferably 30% or less. If the coefficient of variation CV ′ exceeds 50%, the uniformity of the crystal structure of the entire cross section is insufficient.
- the lower limit of the coefficient of variation CV ′ is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% or more.
- Coefficient of variation CV ′ (%) (standard deviation of peak strength ratio of single yarn) / (average value of peak strength ratio of single yarn) ⁇ 100 (2)
- the degree of crystal orientation in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the single yarn (hereinafter referred to as crystal orientation) is also measured at equal intervals from the center of the single yarn to the outermost point using the X-ray beam as in the case of the peak intensity ratio. I do.
- the degree of crystal orientation is preferably 0.950 or more and more preferably 0.960 or more at any measurement point inside the single yarn. If there is a measurement point having a degree of crystal orientation of less than 0.950, it is not preferable because the wear resistance of such a multifilament made of a single yarn may be lowered.
- the upper limit of the degree of crystal orientation is not particularly limited, but it is substantially difficult to obtain a single yarn exceeding 0.995.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation can be obtained in the same manner as the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak intensity ratio.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation is preferably 0.010 or less, and more preferably 0.007 or less.
- a single yarn in which the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation exceeds 0.010 has a non-uniform crystal structure, so that the wear resistance of a multifilament made of such a single yarn may be reduced. This is not preferable.
- the lower limit of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation is not particularly limited, but about 0.001 is sufficient.
- the production method for obtaining the multifilament according to the present invention is preferably based on a gel spinning method.
- the method for producing a multifilament according to the present invention includes a dissolving step in which polyethylene is dissolved in a solvent to form a polyethylene solution, and the polyethylene solution is discharged from a nozzle at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the polyethylene.
- a spinning process in which the yarn is cooled with a refrigerant of 10 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less, a stretching process in which the solvent is removed from the discharged undrawn yarn, and winding that is wound at 50 ° C. or less with a tension of 5 cN / dtex or less. It is preferable to provide a taking process.
- a polyethylene solution is prepared by dissolving high molecular weight polyethylene in a solvent.
- the solvent is preferably a volatile organic solvent such as decalin or tetralin, a room temperature solid or a non-volatile solvent.
- the polyethylene concentration in the polyethylene solution is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and still more preferably 15% by mass or less. There is a need to select an optimal concentration according to the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of polyethylene as a raw material.
- the polyethylene solution can be obtained by using a twin screw extruder or by suspending solid polyethylene in a solvent and stirring at a high temperature. Can be produced. At this time, it is preferable that the mixing condition is 1 minute or more and 80 minutes or less in a temperature range of 150 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less. If it is less than 1 minute, mixing may be incomplete, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the time in the temperature range of 150 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower exceeds 80 minutes, the polyethylene molecule breaks or crosslinks so much that the spinning range is exceeded.
- the polyethylene solution prepared by high-temperature stirring or a twin screw extruder is preferably at a temperature higher by 10 ° C. or higher than the melting point of polyethylene by using an extruder or the like, more preferably at a temperature higher by 20 ° C. or higher than the melting point of polyethylene. More preferably, extrusion is performed at a temperature 30 ° C. or more higher than the melting point of polyethylene, and then, it is supplied to a spinneret (spinning nozzle) using a quantitative supply device. The time for passing through the orifice of the spinneret is preferably 1 second or more and 8 minutes or less.
- the time is less than 1 second, the flow of the polyethylene solution in the orifice is disturbed, which is not preferable because the polyethylene solution cannot be stably discharged. Further, it is not preferable because the structure of the whole single yarn becomes non-uniform under the influence of the disturbance of the flow of the polyethylene solution. On the other hand, if it exceeds 8 minutes, the polyethylene molecules are ejected with little orientation, and the spinning tension range per single yarn tends to be out of the above range, which is not preferable. Further, since the crystal structure of the obtained single yarn becomes non-uniform, it is not preferable because the wear resistance cannot be expressed as a result.
- a yarn is formed by passing a polyethylene solution through a spinneret in which a plurality of orifices are arranged.
- the temperature of the spinneret needs to be equal to or higher than the melting temperature of polyethylene, preferably 140 ° C or higher, and more preferably 150 ° C or higher.
- the melting temperature of the polyethylene depends on the solvent selected, the concentration of the polyethylene solution, and the mass concentration of the polyethylene. Of course, the temperature of the spinneret is below the thermal decomposition temperature of the polyethylene.
- the polyethylene solution is preferably discharged at a discharge rate of 0.1 g / min or more from a spinneret having a diameter of 0.2 to 3.5 mm (more preferably, a diameter of 0.5 to 2.5 mm).
- the spinneret temperature it is preferable to set the spinneret temperature to a temperature higher than the melting point of polyethylene by 10 ° C. or more and lower than the boiling point of the solvent used. In the temperature range near the melting point of polyethylene, the viscosity of the polymer is too high and cannot be taken up at a fast speed. Further, a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solvent to be used is not preferable because the solvent boils immediately after leaving the spinneret, and yarn breakage frequently occurs immediately below the spinneret.
- the spinneret is provided with five or more orifices so that the multifilament is composed of five or more single yarns. Preferably there are 7 or more orifices.
- the same number of pores (one end of the orifice) for discharging the polyethylene solution as the number of orifices are formed.
- the discharge amount of the polyethylene solution from each pore Is preferably as uniform as possible, and for that purpose it is important that the shear viscosity of the polyethylene solution discharged from each pore is uniform between the pores. Since the shear viscosity is greatly affected by the temperature at the pores, it is preferable that the temperature difference between the pores is small.
- the coefficient of variation CV ′′ of discharge amount in each pore ((standard deviation of discharge amount in all pores provided in the spinneret) / (average of discharge amount in all pores provided in the spinneret) Value) ⁇ 100) is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 18% or less.
- the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the pores is 10 ° C. It is preferable that it is below, More preferably, it is 8 degrees C or less.
- the method for reducing the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the pores is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the spinneret is shielded so as not to come into direct contact with the outside air.
- the spinneret is shielded from heat insulating glass.
- a method of shielding from the outside air with a plate is mentioned.
- This shield plate not only achieves uniform temperature in the spinneret portion, but also the fiber yarn passing through the shield plate is deformed while receiving a uniform temperature history, so that a uniform yarn can be obtained.
- the shielding plate not only shields from the outside air, but also minimizes the difference between the distance between the shielding plate and the pore closest to the shielding plate and the distance between the shielding plate and the pore farthest from the shielding plate. It is important to.
- the temperature difference between the above-mentioned pores can be made smaller, and the temperature difference in the space immediately below the pores can be made smaller.
- the polyethylene discharge yarn receives a more uniform temperature history and deformation.
- the polyethylene molecular chain in the polyethylene discharge yarn is uniformly oriented in the deformation direction between the pores, and the coefficient of variation of the initial elastic modulus of the obtained polyethylene fiber can be reduced.
- the atmosphere until the yarn discharged from the pores is cooled by the refrigerant after being discharged from the pores is not particularly limited, but is preferably filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium. .
- the discharged yarn is preferably taken up at a speed of 800 m / min or less while being cooled with a cooling medium, and more preferably 200 m / min or less.
- the temperature of the cooling medium is preferably 10 to 60 ° C., more preferably 12 ° C. or more and 35 ° C. or less. If the refrigerant temperature is out of this range, the tensile strength of the multifilament is greatly decreased as the single yarn fineness increases, which is not preferable.
- the cause is considered as follows. In order to maintain high strength and high elastic modulus even when the single yarn fineness is increased, it is preferable to make the crystal structure of the entire single yarn as uniform as possible.
- the cooling medium may be either a miscible liquid that is miscible with the solvent of the polyethylene solution or an immiscible liquid such as water that is immiscible with the solvent of the polyethylene solution.
- the time from the end of cooling to the removal of the solvent present in the yarn is preferably shorter, that is, it is preferable to remove the solvent immediately after cooling. Details of the removal of the solvent will be described later.
- the time required for removing the solvent is preferably within 10 hours, more preferably within 2 hours, and even more preferably within 30 minutes until the amount of the solvent remaining in the multifilament becomes 10% or less. is there.
- the time required for removing the solvent exceeds 10 hours, the difference between the crystal structure formed near the center of the cross section of the single yarn and the crystal structure formed near the outer surface of the single yarn becomes large, This is not preferable because the crystal structure becomes non-uniform.
- the unstretched yarn taken up in the spinning process is continuously or once wound, and then the stretching process is performed.
- the undrawn yarn obtained by cooling is drawn several times in a heated state. Stretching may be performed only once or divided into a plurality of times, but is preferably 1 time or more and 3 times or less. Further, the undrawn yarn may be stretched by one or more stages after being heat-dried.
- the stretching step may be performed in a heat medium atmosphere or using a heating roller. Examples of the medium include air, an inert gas such as nitrogen, water vapor, and a liquid medium.
- the solvent removal means the heating method described above may be used in the case of a volatile solvent, but the extraction method using an extractant or the like may be used in the case of using a non-volatile solvent.
- the extractant for example, chloroform, benzene, trichlorotrifluoroethane (TCTFE), hexane, heptane, nonane, decane, ethanol, higher alcohol and the like can be used.
- the draw ratio of the undrawn yarn is preferably 7.0 times or more and 60 times or less, more preferably 8.0 times or more and 55 times as the total draw ratio regardless of whether the drawing process is a single stage or a multi-stage. It is not more than twice, more preferably not less than 9.0 times and not more than 50 times. Moreover, it is preferable to extend
- the drawing time of the undrawn yarn that is, the time required for deformation of the multifilament is preferably 0.5 minutes or more and 20 minutes or less, more preferably 15 minutes or less, and further preferably 10 minutes or less. If the deformation time of the multifilament exceeds 20 minutes, the molecular chain relaxes during stretching even if the production conditions other than the stretching time are within a suitable range, which is not preferable because the strength of the single yarn decreases.
- the deformation rate during stretching is preferably 0.001 s -1 or more and 0.8 s -1 or less. More preferably, 0.01s -1 or more and 0.1s -1 or less.
- the deformation rate of the multifilament is too slow, the molecular chain relaxes during stretching, so a high-strength, high-modulus multifilament cannot be obtained, and the tensile strength when the braid is made into a braid In addition, the initial elastic modulus is low, which is not preferable.
- the stretched yarn is preferably wound up within 10 minutes from the end of stretching, more preferably within 8 minutes, and even more preferably within 5 minutes.
- the drawn yarn is preferably wound with a tension of 0.001 cN / dtex or more and 5 cN / dtex or less, more preferably 0.05 cN / dtex or more and 3 cN / dtex or less.
- the temperature during winding is preferably 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 45 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature at the time of winding exceeds 50 ° C., there is a possibility that the residual strain fixed in the above cooling process may be relaxed, which is not preferable.
- an additive such as an antioxidant or an antioxidant, a pH adjuster, a surface tension reducing agent, a thickener, a humectant, a thickener.
- Dyeing agents, preservatives, antifungal agents, antistatic agents, pigments, mineral fibers, other organic fibers, metal fibers, sequestering agents, and the like may be added.
- the multifilament according to the present invention is a protective woven or knitted fabric utilizing cut resistance, tape, rope, net, fishing line, material protective cover, sheet, kite thread, bowstring, sail cloth, curtain material, protective material, It can be used for industrial materials such as bulletproof materials, medical sutures, artificial tendons, artificial muscles, fiber reinforced resin reinforcing materials, cement reinforcing materials, fiber reinforced rubber reinforcing materials, machine tool parts, battery separators, and chemical filters.
- the braid according to the present invention includes a multifilament excellent in dimensional stability and wear resistance (hereinafter referred to as a high function multifilament), and preferably includes the multifilament according to the present invention.
- a high function multifilament a multifilament excellent in dimensional stability and wear resistance
- the braid according to the present invention has a tensile strength of 18 cN / dtex or more, preferably 20 cN / dtex or more, more preferably 21 cN / dtex or more.
- the braid has the above-described tensile strength even if the single yarn fineness is increased, and can be developed to applications that require wear resistance and dimensional stability that cannot be developed with conventional braids composed of multifilaments. Higher tensile strength is preferable, and the upper limit is not particularly limited. For example, braids having a tensile strength of 85 cN / dtex or more are technically and industrially difficult to produce. The method for measuring the tensile strength will be described later.
- the surface of the braid is washed and dried with an organic solvent, and then subjected to a wear test based on JIS L 1095.
- the number of times until breakage when the load is 5 cN / dtex is 1000 times or more.
- it is 1500 times or more, more preferably 3000 times or more.
- an upper limit is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 300000 times or less.
- the braid according to the present invention preferably has a heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of 3.0% or less, more preferably 2.9% or less, and further preferably 2.8% or less. If the thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. exceeds 3.0%, it is not preferable to dry the braid at a high temperature such as 120 ° C. in order to dry the water adhering to the product after washing the product in a short time. . In addition, when the braid is dyed at a high temperature or when the product is washed with hot water, the dimensional change of the braid becomes large, which is not preferable. Although a minimum is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 0.01% or more. In addition, the heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of the braid refers to the heat shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction of the braid at 120 ° C.
- the elongation at break is preferably 3.0% or more, more preferably 3.4% or more, further preferably 3.7% or more, preferably 7.0% or less, 6.0% or less. Is more preferable, and 5.0% or less is more preferable.
- the elongation at break is less than 3.0%, it is not preferable because breakage of single yarn or generation of fluff is likely to occur with a slight distortion when the product is used or processed into the product.
- the elongation at break exceeds 7.0%, the dimensional stability is impaired, which is not preferable. A method for measuring the elongation at break will be described later.
- the braid according to the present invention preferably has an initial elastic modulus of 300 cN / dtex or more and 1500 cN / dtex or less. If the braid has such an initial elastic modulus, physical properties and shape changes are less likely to occur with respect to external forces received during product use or during processing of the product.
- the initial elastic modulus is more preferably 350 cN / dtex or more, further preferably 400 cN / dtex or more, more preferably 1400 cN / dtex or less, still more preferably 1300 cN / dtex or less, particularly preferably 1200 cN / dtex or less. If the initial elastic modulus exceeds 1500 cN / dtex, the suppleness of the yarn is impaired by the high elastic modulus, which is not preferable. A method for measuring the initial elastic modulus will be described later.
- the braid of the present invention is preferably made of three or more multifilaments, more preferably 3 or more and 16 or less multifilaments.
- the braid shape is not formed, and even if it becomes a braid, the contact area between the multifilament and the guide unit of the string making machine increases, resulting in a decrease in the wear resistance of the braid.
- the smoothness when moving the braid may be impaired.
- the multifilaments constituting the braid according to the present invention at least one is preferably a high-function multifilament, more preferably three or more are high-function multifilaments, and all multifilaments are high-function multifilaments. More preferably, it is a filament.
- a highly functional multifilament as the multifilament constituting the braid, the resulting braid has a high strength and a high elastic modulus, and the dimensional stability and fluctuations in mechanical properties with time can be reduced.
- the remaining multifilaments are fibers of other materials, such as polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, liquid crystal polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, acrylic fibers, aramid fibers, metal fibers, inorganic fibers
- a fiber, a natural fiber, a recycled fiber may be sufficient, and the fiber by which these were compounded may be sufficient.
- the monofilament may be contained.
- the filament other than the high-strength polyethylene fiber may be a composite of a short fiber and a long fiber, or may be a split yarn produced by splitting a tape or ribbon-shaped molded body.
- each multifilament or monofilament single yarn may be circular or elliptical, such as a hollow filament or a flat filament. Moreover, a part or all of each multifilament or monofilament may be colored or fused.
- the braid of the present invention preferably has a braid angle of 6 to 35 °, more preferably 15 to 30 °, and still more preferably 18 to 25 °. If the braid angle is less than 6 °, the form of the braid becomes unstable, and the cross section of the braid tends to be flat. Furthermore, the stiffness of the braid is low, the braid is easily bent, and the handleability deteriorates. In addition, when the braid angle exceeds 35 °, the braid form is stable, but on the other hand, the tensile strength of the braid is lower than the tensile strength of the original yarn. It is not limited to the range of 35 °.
- the braid is knitted using a known braiding machine (string making machine).
- the stringing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include flat punching, round punching, and square punching. And it is preferable to perform the process of making a multifilament and heat-treating.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed at 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably 90 ° C., still more preferably 100 ° C., and preferably 160 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is less than 70 ° C.
- the residual strain in the cross-sectional direction in the multifilament is alleviated because the temperature is the same as or lower than the crystal dispersion temperature of the polyethylene constituting the high-performance multifilament. This is not preferable.
- the heat treatment temperature exceeds 160 ° C., not only is the braid broken easily, but also the desired mechanical properties of the braid cannot be obtained.
- the treatment time is less than 0.1 seconds, the residual strain in the cross-sectional direction in the multifilament is relaxed, which is not preferable.
- the heat treatment time exceeds 30 minutes, not only is the braid broken easily, but also the desired mechanical properties of the braid cannot be obtained.
- the tension applied to the braid during the heat treatment is preferably 0.02 cN / dtex or more and 15 cN / dtex or less, more preferably 0.03 cN / dtex or more, 12 cN / dtex or less, more preferably 0.05 cN / dtex or more. , 8 cN / dtex or less.
- the tension applied to the braid during the heat treatment is greater than 15 cN / dtex, the braid may be broken during the heat treatment, or the physical properties of the braid obtained may be reduced even when the braid is not broken. This is not preferable because a decrease in the number of reciprocating wear) may occur.
- the stretching process is performed during the production of the high-performance multifilament, but stretching may be performed during the heat treatment (hereinafter, stretching during the heat treatment is referred to as re-stretching).
- Redraw ratio ratio of braid length after heat treatment to braid length before heat treatment
- Redraw ratio is preferably 1.05 times or more and 15 times or less, more preferably 1.5 times or more and 10 times. It is as follows. When the redrawing ratio is less than 1.05 times, the braid is loosened by the heat treatment, so that the uniform heat treatment cannot be performed, and the physical property spots in the longitudinal direction become large, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the redrawing ratio exceeds 15 times, the high-performance multifilament constituting the braid breaks, which is not preferable.
- Heating at the time of performing heat treatment can be performed by a known method, for example, a method of heating using a hot bath, an oil bath, a hot roller, a radiant panel, a steam jet, a hot pin or the like in which a resin is dispersed or dissolved in water. It can be mentioned, but is not limited to these. If desired, twisting, resin application, or coloring may be performed after braiding or during braiding.
- the high-performance multifilament in a state in which the braid according to the present invention is unwound preferably has a single yarn fineness of 2 dtex or more and 40 dtex or less, more preferably 5 dtex or more and 30 dtex or less, further preferably 6 dtex or more and 20 dtex or less.
- the single yarn fineness is 2 dtex or more, high wear resistance is exhibited.
- the single yarn fineness exceeds 40 dtex, the strength of the multifilament is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the high-performance multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound preferably has a total fineness of 15 dtex or more and 7000 dtex or less, more preferably 30 dtex or more and 5000 dtex or less, and further preferably 40 dtex or more and 3000 dtex or less.
- the total fineness is 15 dtex or more, high wear resistance is exhibited.
- the total fineness exceeds 7000 dtex, the strength of the multifilament is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the high-performance multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound is subjected to a wear test based on JIS L 1095 after cleaning and drying the surface of the multifilament with an organic solvent.
- the load is 5 cN / dtex.
- the number of times until breakage is preferably 1000 times or more, more preferably 1500 times or more, and still more preferably 3000 times or more.
- an upper limit is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 300000 times or less.
- rupture when a load shall be 10 cN / dtex is 100 times or more, More preferably, it is 150 times or more, More preferably, it is 200 times or more, Especially preferably, it is 300 times or more.
- an upper limit is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 100,000 times or less.
- the difference between the number of reciprocating wear of the braid and the number of reciprocating wear of the multifilament when the braid is unwound is preferably 320 times or less. More preferably, it is 300 times or less, and further 250 times or less.
- the high-performance multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound preferably has a thermal stress at 120 ° C. in a TMA (mechanical thermal analysis) measurement of 0.15 cN / dtex or more and 0.5 cN / dtex or less. More preferably, it is 0.17 cN / dtex or more and 0.4 cN / dtex or less.
- TMA mechanical thermal analysis
- the high-performance multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound preferably has a heat shrinkage rate at 70 ° C. of 0.11% or less, more preferably 0.10% or less.
- the heat shrinkage rate at 70 ° C. exceeds 0.11%, the dimensional change of the multifilament constituting the braid becomes large when dyeing the braid at a high temperature or when washing the product with hot water.
- a minimum is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 0.01% or more.
- the high-functional multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound has a heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of 2.15% or less, more preferably 2.10% or less.
- the thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C exceeds 2.15%, the dimensions of the multifilaments forming the braid are changed when the braid is dried at a high temperature of 120 ° C in order to dry the water adhering to the product in a short time after washing the product. Is unfavorable because it increases.
- the braid is dyed at a high temperature, or when the product is washed with hot water, the dimensional change of the multifilament constituting the braid becomes large, which is not preferable.
- the heat shrinkage rate at 70 ° C. or 120 ° C. of the highly functional multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound refers to the heat shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction of the multifilament at 70 ° C. or 120 ° C.
- the high-performance multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound has a tensile strength of 18 cN / dtex or more, preferably 20 cN / dtex or more, more preferably 21 cN / dtex or more.
- High-performance multifilament has the above-mentioned tensile strength even when the single yarn fineness is increased, and it can be developed for applications that require wear resistance and dimensional stability that could not be developed with conventional multifilament braids. Can do.
- Higher tensile strength is preferred and the upper limit is not particularly limited.
- multifilaments having a tensile strength of 85 cN / dtex or more are technically and industrially difficult to produce. The method for measuring the tensile strength will be described later.
- the difference between the tensile strength of the braid and the tensile strength of the multifilament when the braid is unwound is preferably 5 cN / dtex or less, more preferably 4 cN / dtex or less.
- the high-performance multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound has a breaking elongation of preferably 3.0% or more, more preferably 3.4% or more, still more preferably 3.7% or more, and 7.0%
- the following is preferable, 6.0% or less is more preferable, and 5.0% or less is more preferable.
- the elongation at break is less than 3.0%, it is not preferable because breakage of single yarn or generation of fluff is likely to occur with a slight distortion when the product is used or processed into the product.
- the elongation at break exceeds 7.0%, the dimensional stability is impaired, which is not preferable. A method for measuring the elongation at break will be described later.
- the high-functional multifilament in a state where the braid according to the present invention is unwound preferably has an initial elastic modulus of 600 cN / dtex or more and 1500 cN / dtex or less. If the multifilament has such an initial elastic modulus, physical properties and shape changes are less likely to occur due to external forces received during use of the product or during processing of the product.
- the initial elastic modulus is more preferably 650 cN / dtex or more, further preferably 680 cN / dtex or more, more preferably 1400 cN / dtex or less, still more preferably 1300 cN / dtex or less, particularly preferably 1200 cN / dtex or less. If the initial elastic modulus exceeds 1500 cN / dtex, the suppleness of the yarn is impaired by the high elastic modulus, which is not preferable. A method for measuring the initial elastic modulus will be described later.
- the single yarn in the high-performance multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound is preferably a structure in which the crystal structure inside the single yarn is nearly uniform throughout the cross section (vertical surface in the longitudinal direction). That is, the single yarn in the high-performance multifilament in the state where the braid is unwound is obtained by measuring the orthorhombic (200) plane diffraction peak relative to the orthorhombic (110) plane diffraction peak intensity in the measurement using the X-ray beam described later.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is preferably 0.18 or less, more preferably 0.15 or less, still more preferably 0.12 or less. If the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak intensity ratio exceeds 0.18, it indicates that the uniformity of the crystal structure of the entire cross section is insufficient, which is not preferable.
- the lower limit of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak intensity ratio is not particularly limited, but about 0.01 is sufficient.
- the peak strength ratio is preferably 0.01 or more and 0.48 or less, more preferably 0.08 or more and 0.40 or less, and further preferably 0.15 or more and 0.35 or less at any measurement point inside the single yarn. It is. When there is a measurement point where the peak intensity ratio exceeds 0.48, the crystals inside the single yarn are extremely grown in the a-axis direction of the orthorhombic unit cell, and the crystal structure of the entire cross section This is not preferable because it shows that the uniformity is insufficient.
- the coefficient of variation CV ′ defined by the above formula (2) is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less, and further preferably 30% or less. If the coefficient of variation CV 'exceeds 40%, the uniformity of the crystal structure of the entire cross section is insufficient.
- the lower limit of the coefficient of variation CV ′ is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% or more.
- the single yarn using the X-ray beam is used similarly to the peak intensity ratio. Measure at regular intervals from the center to the outermost point.
- the degree of crystal orientation is preferably 0.950 or more and more preferably 0.960 or more at any measurement point inside the single yarn.
- the upper limit of the degree of crystal orientation is not particularly limited, but it is substantially difficult to obtain a single yarn exceeding 0.995.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation can be obtained in the same manner as the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak intensity ratio.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation is preferably 0.012 or less, and more preferably 0.010 or less.
- a single yarn having a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation exceeding 0.012 is not preferable because the crystal structure is not uniform.
- the lower limit of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the degree of crystal orientation is not particularly limited, but about 0.001 is sufficient.
- additives such as antioxidants, antioxidants, pH adjusters, surface tension reducing agents, thickeners, humectants, deep dyes Agents, preservatives, antifungal agents, antistatic agents, pigments, mineral fibers, other organic fibers, metal fibers, sequestering agents and the like may be added.
- the braid according to the present invention is a protective woven or knitted fabric that utilizes cut resistance, tape, rope, net, fishing line, material protective cover, sheet, kite thread, bowstring, sailcloth, curtain material, protective material, bulletproof It can be used for industrial materials such as materials, medical sutures, artificial tendons, artificial muscles, fiber reinforced resin reinforcing materials, cement reinforcing materials, fiber reinforced rubber reinforcing materials, machine tool parts, battery separators, and chemical filters.
- the present application includes Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-068774 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-0687776 filed on March 28, 2014, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-2014 filed on June 9, 2014. It claims the benefit of priority based on 118488 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-118490.
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-068774 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-0668776 filed on March 28, 2014, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-118488 filed on June 9, 2014 and The entire contents of the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-118490 are incorporated herein by reference.
- the characteristic values of the multifilament and the multifilament in the state where the braid was unwound were measured as follows.
- the tensile strength, elongation at break, initial elastic modulus, heat shrinkage at 120 ° C., and wear test when the load is 5 cN / dtex are the same as for multifilaments, etc. The measurement was performed by the measurement method described later.
- Intrinsic viscosity The solvent was decalin at a temperature of 135 ° C., and the specific viscosities of various dilute solutions were measured using an Ubbelohde capillary viscosity tube. The intrinsic viscosity was determined from the extrapolation point to the origin of the straight line obtained by the least square approximation from the plot with respect to the concentration of the diluted solution viscosity. In measurement, the sample was divided or cut into a length of about 5 mm, and 1% by mass of an antioxidant (“Yoshinox (registered trademark) BHT” manufactured by API Corporation) was added to the sample at 135 ° C. The measurement solution was prepared by stirring and dissolving for 4 hours.
- Yoshinox registered trademark
- the initial load applied to the sample during measurement was set to 1/10 of the mass (g) per 10,000 m of the sample.
- the average value of 10 times of measured values was used for tensile strength, breaking elongation, and initial elastic modulus.
- Thermal shrinkage The sample was cut into 70 cm and marked at 10 cm positions from both ends, that is, so that the sample length was 50 cm. Next, the sample was heated at a temperature of 70 ° C. for 30 minutes using a hot air circulation type heating furnace in a state of being hung on a jig so that no load was applied to the sample. Thereafter, the sample was taken out from the heating furnace, sufficiently cooled to room temperature, and then the length of the position where the sample was initially marked was measured. The thermal shrinkage rate was obtained from the following formula. In addition, the average value of the measured value of 2 times was used for the heat shrinkage rate.
- Thermal shrinkage (%) 100 ⁇ (sample length before heating ⁇ sample length after heating) / (sample length before heating) Further, the temperature for heating for 30 minutes was changed from 70 ° C. to 120 ° C., and the thermal shrinkage at 120 ° C. was measured in the same manner as described above.
- Thermal stress A thermal stress strain measuring device (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., “TMA / SS120C”) was used for measurement. A sample was prepared to have a length of 20 mm, the initial load was 0.01764 cN / dtex, the temperature was raised from room temperature (20 ° C.) to the melting point at a temperature rising rate of 20 ° C./min, and the thermal stress at 120 ° C. was measured. The thermal stress and the temperature at which the thermal shrinkage is maximized were measured.
- Fineness The sample was cut into 20 cm single yarns at 5 different positions, the mass was measured, and the average value was converted to 10000 m to obtain the fineness (dtex).
- Abrasion test Abrasion resistance was evaluated by an abrasion test based on the B method for measuring the abrasion strength in the general spun yarn test method (JIS L 1095). The measurement was carried out using a yarn binding force testing machine manufactured by Asano Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Using a hard steel of 2.0 mm ⁇ as a friction element, testing was performed at a load of 5 cN / dtex or 10 cN / dtex, an ambient temperature of 20 ° C., a friction speed of 115 times / minute, a reciprocating distance of 2.5 cm, and a friction angle of 110 degrees. The number of times of friction was measured.
- Peak intensity ratio inside single yarn Crystal size and orientation evaluation were measured using X-ray diffraction method.
- X-ray source a large synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8 was used as an X-ray source, and a BL03 hatch was used.
- the X-ray size was adjusted so that the distance connecting the two most distant points existing on the outer periphery of the X-ray cross section was 7 ⁇ m or less.
- the sample was placed on an XYZ stage so that the single yarn axis was vertical, so that the X-rays were perpendicular to the axial direction of the sample.
- the stage was moved slightly so that the midpoint of the distance connecting the two most distant points existing on the outer periphery of the X-ray cross section was located at the center of the stage. Since the X-ray intensity is very high, the sample is damaged if the exposure time of the sample is too long. Therefore, the exposure time during X-ray diffraction measurement was set to be within 30 seconds. Under these measurement conditions, beams were applied at substantially equal intervals from the center of the single yarn to the vicinity of the outer periphery of the single yarn, and X-ray diffraction patterns at each location were measured. Specifically, the center of the single yarn, the point 2.5 ⁇ m away from the center, the point 5.0 ⁇ m away, the point 7.5 ⁇ m away, etc.
- X-ray diffraction patterns were measured at 2.5 ⁇ m intervals up to the vicinity. For example, in the case of a single yarn having a diameter of 32 ⁇ m (radius 16 ⁇ m), the center, a point 2.5 ⁇ m away from the center, a point 5.0 ⁇ m away, a point 7.5 ⁇ m away, a point 10.0 ⁇ m away, 12.5 ⁇ m away
- the X-ray diffraction pattern was measured at a total of 7 points including 15.0 ⁇ m apart.
- X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded using a flat panel placed at a position 67 mm away from the sample. From the recorded image data, the peak intensity ratio was determined from the peak intensity values derived from orthorhombic (110) and orthorhombic (200) from the diffraction profile in the equator direction.
- the center, a point 2.5 ⁇ m away from the center, a point 5.0 ⁇ m away, a point 7.5 ⁇ m away, a point 10.0 ⁇ m away, 12.5 ⁇ m away A total of 7 points were measured including the points 15.0 ⁇ m apart.
- Example 1-1 A dispersion of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity of 18.0 dL / g, a weight average molecular weight of 2,900,000, and a melting point peak of 134 ° C. and decalin was prepared so as to have a polyethylene concentration of 11.0% by mass.
- This dispersion was made into a solution with an extruder with a residence time in the temperature range of 205 ° C. being 8 minutes, and the polyethylene solution was discharged from the spinneret at a spinneret surface temperature of 180 ° C. at a single-hole discharge rate of 4.5 g / min.
- the number of orifices formed in the spinneret was 15, and the orifice diameter was ⁇ 1.0 mm.
- the fine hole for discharging the yarn (one end of the orifice) formed on the surface of the spinneret is shielded so as not to come into direct contact with the outside air.
- the spinneret is a shield plate made of heat insulating glass having a thickness of 10 mm.
- the distance between the shielding plate and the pore closest to the shielding plate was 40 mm, and the distance between the shielding plate and the pore farthest from the shielding plate was 60 mm.
- the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the pores is 3 ° C.
- the variation coefficient CV ′′ of the ejection amount in each pore ((standard deviation of the ejection amount in 15 pores) / (15 pores)
- the average value of the discharge amount) x 100) was 8%, and was cooled with a water-cooled bath at 20 ° C. while taking out the discharged yarn, and then taken out at a speed of 70 m / min.
- An unstretched multifilament made of yarn was obtained, and then the unstretched multifilament was stretched 4.0 times while being heated and dried with hot air at 120 ° C. Subsequently, it was stretched to 2.7 times with hot air at 150 ° C.
- the stretched multifilament was immediately wound up in the stretched state, the total stretch ratio was 10.8 times, the total stretch time was 4 minutes, and the deformation rate during stretching was 0.0300 sec -1 .
- the temperature at the time of winding is 3
- the winding tension was 0.100 cN / dtex at 2 ° C.
- the time from the end of drawing at 150 ° C. to the winding time was 2 minutes. Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results.
- Example 1-2 In Example 1-1, the single-hole discharge amount of the polyethylene solution was 5.0 g / min, the distance from the pore farthest from the shielding plate was 80 mm, the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the pore was 4 ° C., The variation coefficient CV ′′ of the discharge amount in the pores is 11%, the spinning speed is 60 m / min, the draw ratio in hot air at 150 ° C. is 2.5 times (total draw ratio is 10.0 times), and the total draw time is 6 minutes.
- a multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the deformation rate during stretching was 0.0200 sec -1
- Table 1 shows the manufacturing conditions of the multifilament and the physical properties and evaluation of the multifilament obtained. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1-3 In Example 1-1, the distance from the pore farthest from the shielding plate is 45 mm, the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the pore is 2 ° C., the variation coefficient CV ′′ of the discharge amount in each pore is 6%, Example 1 except that the total stretching time was 12 minutes, the deformation speed during stretching was 0.0100 sec ⁇ 1 , the tension during winding was 0.200 cN / dtex, and the time from stretching start to winding was 1 minute. Multifilaments were obtained in the same manner as in Table 1. Table 1 shows the multifilament production conditions, and Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilaments.
- Example 1-4 In Example 1-1, the residence time in the temperature range of 205 ° C. was 11 minutes, the draw ratio in hot air at 150 ° C. was 2.5 times (total draw ratio was 10.0 times), and the total draw time was 5 minutes. Except that the deformation rate at the time was 0.0240 sec ⁇ 1 , the temperature at the time of winding the drawn yarn was 40 ° C., the tension at the time of winding was 0.030 cN / dtex, and the time from the start of drawing to the winding was 5 minutes.
- a multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1. Table 1 shows the production conditions of the multifilament, and Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament.
- Example 1-5 In Example 1-1, the residence time in the temperature range of 205 ° C. was 18 minutes, the draw ratio in hot air at 120 ° C. was 4.5 times, the draw ratio in hot air at 150 ° C. was 2.2 times (total draw ratio was 9 9 times), a multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the total stretching time was 5 minutes and the deformation rate during stretching was 0.0240 sec ⁇ 1 .
- Table 1 shows the production conditions of the multifilament
- Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament.
- Example 1-1 In Example 1-1, the residence time in the temperature range of 205 ° C. was 32 minutes, the single-hole discharge rate was 1.0 g / min, and the heat insulating glass shielding plate having a thickness of 10 mm was not provided. The difference from the temperature is 12 ° C., the variation coefficient CV ′′ of the discharge amount in each pore is 23%, the draw ratio in hot air at 120 ° C. is 3.0 times, and the draw ratio in hot air at 150 ° C. is 2.3 times (total) A multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the draw ratio was 6.9 times.Table 1 shows the production conditions of the multifilament, and Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament. Shown in
- Example 1-1 the multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the discharged yarn was cooled with a water-cooled bath at 65 ° C. to obtain an undrawn yarn under a spinning speed of 10 m / min. Obtained.
- Table 1 shows the production conditions of the multifilament
- Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament.
- Example 1-1 a multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the total stretching time was 25 minutes and the deformation rate during stretching was 0.0005 sec ⁇ 1 .
- Table 1 shows the production conditions of the multifilament, and Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament.
- Example 1-1 (Comparative Example 1-4)
- the draw ratio in hot air at 120 ° C. was 3.5 times
- the draw ratio in hot air at 150 ° C. was 2.0 times (total draw ratio was 7.0 times)
- the drawn yarn was wound
- a multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the temperature was 70 ° C. and the tension during winding was 0.008 cN / dtex.
- Table 1 shows the production conditions of the multifilament
- Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament.
- the number of orifices formed in the spinneret was 96, and the orifice diameter was ⁇ 0.7 mm.
- the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the pores is 12 ° C., and the variation coefficient CV ′′ of the discharge amount in each pore ((standard deviation of the discharge amount in 96 pores) / (discharge in 96 pores) The average value of the amount) ⁇ 100) was 24% Nitrogen gas at 100 ° C.
- the unstretched multifilament was then stretched 4.0 times while being heated and dried with hot air at 100 ° C. in a heating oven. In a heating oven, it was stretched 4.0 times with hot air at 149 ° C., and the stretched multifilament was immediately wound up in the stretched state, the total stretching ratio was 16.0 times, the total stretching time was 8 minutes, and deformation during stretching The speed was 0.0200 sec ⁇ 1 , the temperature during winding of the stretched multifilament was 30 ° C., and the tension during winding was 0.100 cN / dtex, the time from the end of stretching at 149 ° C. to the winding.
- the production conditions of the multifilament are shown in Table 1, and the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament are shown in Table 2.
- the number of orifices formed in the spinneret was 48, and the orifice diameter was ⁇ 1.0 mm.
- the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the pores is 13 ° C., and the variation coefficient CV ′′ of the ejection amount in each pore ((standard deviation of the ejection amount in 48 pores) / (ejection in 48 pores)
- the average value of the amount) ⁇ 100) was 22%, cooled by a water-cooled bath at 20 ° C. while taking out the discharged yarn, and then taken up at a speed of 35 m / min, consisting of 48 single yarns.
- the unstretched multifilament was passed through n-decane at 80 ° C.
- Example 1-1 the residence time in the temperature range of 205 ° C. was 25 minutes, the single-hole discharge rate was 1.3 g / min, and no heat insulating glass shielding plate having a thickness of 10 mm was provided.
- the difference from the temperature is 10 ° C.
- the variation coefficient CV ′′ of the discharge amount in each pore is 14%
- the draw ratio in hot air at 120 ° C. is 3.0 times
- the draw ratio in hot air at 150 ° C. is 2.3 times (total)
- a multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the draw ratio was 6.9 times.Table 1 shows the production conditions of the multifilament, and Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained multifilament. Shown in
- Example 2-1 The four multifilaments of Example 1-1 were braided so that the braiding angle was 20 °. This was heated in a hot air heating furnace set at 151 ° C. to perform heat treatment. The heat treatment time was 1.5 minutes, the tension applied to the braid during the heat treatment was 1.6 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 2.00 times. Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Example 2-2 A multifilament was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the tension during heat treatment was 2.4 cN / dtex and the redraw ratio was 3.00.
- Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Example 2-3 Example 2-1 except that the heat treatment temperature was 152 ° C., the heat treatment time was 2.0 minutes, the tension during the heat treatment was 3.8 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 4.00 times in Example 2-1.
- Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Example 2-4 The four multifilaments of Example 1-2 were braided so that the braiding angle was 20 °. This was heated in a hot air heating furnace set at 151 ° C. to perform heat treatment. The heat treatment time was 1.0 minute, the tension applied to the braid during the heat treatment was 1.4 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 1.80 times. Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Example 2-5) In Example 2-4, the multifilament was the same as Example 2-4 except that the heat treatment time was 2.0 minutes, the tension during heat treatment was 2.7 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 3.50 times.
- Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Comparative Example 2-1 The four multifilaments of Comparative Example 1-1 were braided so that the braiding angle was 20 °. This was heated in a hot air heating furnace set at 142 ° C. to perform heat treatment. The heat treatment time was 0.08 seconds, the tension applied to the braid during the heat treatment was 4.3 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 1.04 times. Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Comparative Example 2-1 was the same as Comparative Example 2-1, except that the heat treatment temperature was 135 ° C., the heat treatment time was 35 minutes, the tension during heat treatment was 0.005 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 1.01. A multifilament was obtained.
- Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Example 2-1 was the same as Example 2-1 except that the heat treatment temperature was 145 ° C., the heat treatment time was 35 minutes, the tension during heat treatment was 0.01 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 1.02. A multifilament was obtained. Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Example 2-4 The four multifilaments of Example 1-1 were braided so that the braiding angle was 20 °. When this was heated in a hot-air heating furnace set at 65 ° C. and heat-treated so that the redrawing ratio was 1.50 times, the multifilament was broken during redrawing, and a braid could not be obtained. It was.
- Comparative Example 2-5 The four multifilaments of Comparative Example 1-5 were braided so that the braiding angle was 20 °. This was heated in a hot air heating furnace set at 139 ° C. to perform heat treatment. The heat treatment time was 35 minutes, the tension applied to the braid during the heat treatment was 0.05 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 1.05 times. Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- Comparative Example 2-6 The four multifilaments of Comparative Example 1-6 were braided so that the braiding angle was 20 °. This was heated in a hot air heating furnace set at 139 ° C. to perform heat treatment. The heat treatment time was 35 minutes, the tension applied to the braid during the heat treatment was 0.03 cN / dtex, and the redraw ratio was 1.05 times. Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions of the braid, the physical properties / evaluation results of the obtained braid, and the physical properties of the multifilament in a state where the braid is unwound.
- the present invention can provide multifilaments and braids that can be processed into products in a wide temperature range and that have excellent dimensional stability and wear resistance.
- the multifilament and braid according to the present invention are a protective woven or knitted fabric utilizing cut resistance, tape, rope, net, fishing line, material protective cover, sheet, kite thread, bowstring, sail cloth, curtain material, protective Applicable to industrial materials such as materials, bulletproof materials, medical sutures, artificial tendons, artificial muscles, fiber reinforced resin reinforcing materials, cement reinforcing materials, fiber reinforced rubber reinforcing materials, machine tool parts, battery separators, chemical filters, etc. is there.
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Abstract
Description
変動係数CV(%)=(上記単糸の初期弾性率の標準偏差)/(上記単糸の初期弾性率の平均値)×100・・・(1)
よって、本発明に係るマルチフィラメント及び組紐は、耐切創性を活かした防護用織編物や、テープ、ロープ、ネット、釣糸、資材防護カバー、シート、カイト用糸、洋弓弦、セールクロス、幕材、防護材、防弾材、医療用縫合糸、人工腱、人工筋肉、繊維強化樹脂補強材、セメント補強材、繊維強化ゴム補強材、工作機械部品、電池セパレーター、化学フィルター等の産業用資材としても優れた性能及び意匠性を発揮し、幅広く応用できるものである。
以下、本発明に係るマルチフィラメントの製造に用いられるポリエチレン、及び本発明に係るマルチフィラメントの物性や製造方法について説明する。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、繰り返し単位が実質的にエチレンであるポリエチレンが含まれていることが好ましく、エチレンの単独重合体からなる超高分子量ポリエチレンであることがより好ましい。また、本発明で用いられるポリエチレンは、本発明の効果が得られる範囲で、エチレンの単独重合体ばかりでなく、エチレンと少量の他のモノマーとの共重合体を使用することができる。他のモノマーとしては、例えば、α-オレフィン、アクリル酸及びその誘導体、メタクリル酸及びその誘導体、ビニルシラン及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。本発明で用いられる高分子量ポリエチレンとしては、エチレンの単独重合体からなる超高分子量ポリエチレン、共重合体同士(エチレンと他のモノマー(例えば、α-オレフィン)との共重合体)、あるいはホモポリエチレンとエチレン系共重合体とのブレンド物、更にはホモポリエチレンと他のα-オレフィン等のホモポリマーとのブレンド物であってもよく、部分的な架橋、又は部分的なメチル分岐、エチル分岐、ブチル分岐等を有していてもよい。特にプロピレン、1-ブテンなどのα-オレフィンとの共重合体であって、短鎖あるいは長鎖の分岐が炭素原子1000個あたり20個未満の割合で含まれた超高分子量ポリエチレンであってもよい。ある程度の分岐を含有させることは本発明に係るマルチフィラメントを製造する上で、特に紡糸・延伸において安定性を与えることができるが、炭素原子1000個あたり20個以上含むようになると、逆に分岐部分が多すぎることが紡糸・延伸時の阻害要因となるため好ましくない。しかし、エチレン以外の他のモノマーの含有量が多すぎると、却って延伸の阻害要因となる。そのため、エチレン以外の他のモノマーは、モノマー単位で5.0mol%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1.0mol%以下、更に好ましくは0.2mol%以下であり、最も好ましいのは0.0mol%、すなわちエチレンのホモポリマーである。なお、本明細書では「ポリエチレン」は、特段の記載がない限り、エチレンのホモポリマーのみならず、エチレンと少量の他のモノマーとの共重合体等も含めるものとする。また、本発明に係るマルチフィラメントの製造には、ポリエチレンに必要に応じて後述する各種添加剤を配合したポリエチレン組成物を用いることもでき、本明細書の「ポリエチレン」にはこのようなポリエチレン組成物も含めるものとする。
上述のとおり、本発明で用いられるポリエチレンは超高分子量ポリエチレンであることが好ましく、超高分子量ポリエチレンの重量平均分子量は、490,000~6,200,000であることが好ましく、より好ましくは550,000~5,000,000、更に好ましくは800,000~4,000,000である。重量平均分子量が490,000未満であると、後述する延伸工程を行ってもマルチフィラメントが、高強度、高弾性率にならないおそれがある。これは、重量平均分子量が小さいために、マルチフィラメントの断面積あたりの分子末端数が多くなり、これが構造欠陥として作用したことによると推定される。また、重量平均分子量が6,200,000を超えると、延伸工程時の張力が非常に大きくなることにより破断が発生し、生産することが非常に困難となる。
重量平均分子量=5.365×104×(極限粘度)1.37
本発明で用いられるポリエチレンの極限粘度は、5.0dL/g以上、好ましくは8.0dL/g以上であり、40.0dL/g以下、好ましくは30.0dL/g以下、より好ましくは25.0dL/g以下である。極限粘度が5.0dL/g未満であると、高強度なマルチフィラメントが得られないことがある。一方、極限粘度の上限については、高強度なマルチフィラメントが得られる限り特に問題にならないが、ポリエチレンの極限粘度が高過ぎると、加工性が低下してマルチフィラメントを作製するのが困難になるため上述の範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、単糸繊度が3dtex以上、40dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5dtex以上、30dtex以下、さらに好ましくは6dtex以上、20dtex以下である。単糸繊度が3dtex以上となることで高度な耐摩耗性が発現する。一方で単糸繊度が40dtexを超えるとマルチフィラメントの強度が低下してしまうため好ましくない。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、総繊度が15dtex以上、7000dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは30dtex以上、5000dtex以下、さらに好ましくは40dtex以上、3000dtex以下である。総繊度が15dtex以上となることで高度な耐摩耗性が発現する。一方で総繊度が7000dtexを超えるとマルチフィラメントの強度が低下してしまうため好ましくない。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、5本以上の単糸で構成されており、好ましくは10本以上の単糸で、より好ましくは15本以上の単糸である。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントについて、室温でヘキサンおよびエタノールを用いてマルチフィラメントの表面を洗浄し、マルチフィラメントの表面を乾燥した後にJIS L 1095に基づく摩耗試験を行い、その結果、荷重を5cN/dtexとしたときの破断までの回数が1000回以上であり、好ましくは1500回以上、より好ましくは3000回以上である。なお、上限は特に限定されないが、300000回以下であることが好ましい。また、荷重を10cN/dtexとしたときの破断までの回数が100回以上であり、好ましくは150回以上、より好ましくは200回以上であり、特に好ましくは300回以上である。なお、上限は特に限定されないが、100000回以下であることが好ましい。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、TMA(機械熱分析)測定における熱応力最大値が、0.20cN/dtex以上、5.0cN/dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、0.25cN/dtex以上、3.0cN/dtex以下である。熱応力最大値が0.20cN/dtex未満の場合、マルチフィラメントの弾性率が低くなるおそれがあり、好ましくない。また、熱応力最大値が5.0cN/dtexを超えると寸法変化が大きくなるため、好ましくない。
また、本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、TMA(機械熱分析)測定における熱応力最大値となる温度が120℃以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは130℃以上である。120℃未満の場合、高温での保管時、高温で組紐に染色を行う場合や高温で樹脂を付着させる場合、また、お湯で製品洗浄する場合などに寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、TMA(機械熱分析)測定における120℃での熱応力が、0.15cN/dtex以上、0.5cN/dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、0.17cN/dtex以上、0.4cN/dtex以下である。120℃での熱応力が、0.15cN/dtex未満の場合、マルチフィラメントの弾性率が低くなるおそれがあり、好ましくない。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、70℃における熱収縮率が0.20%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.18%以下、さらに好ましくは0.15%以下である。70℃における熱収縮率が0.20%を超えると、高温で組紐に染色を行う場合や高温で樹脂を付着させる場合、また、お湯で製品洗浄する場合などに組紐を構成するマルチフィラメントの寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。下限は特に限定されないが0.01%以上であることが好ましい。また、本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、120℃における熱収縮率が3.0%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは2.9%以下、さらに好ましくは2.8%以下である。下限は特に限定されないが0.01%以上であることが好ましい。120℃における熱収縮率が3.0%を超えると、製品洗浄後の乾燥工程において120℃といった高温で組紐を乾燥させると組紐を構成するマルチフィラメントの寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。また、高温で組紐に染色を行う場合、お湯で製品洗浄する場合などに組紐を構成するマルチフィラメントの寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。下限は特に限定されないが0.01%以上であることが好ましい。なお、マルチフィラメントの70℃又は120℃における熱収縮率は、マルチフィラメントの70℃又は120℃における長手方向の熱収縮率を指す。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、引張強度が18cN/dtex以上、好ましくは20cN/dtex以上、更に好ましくは21cN/dtex以上である。本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、単糸繊度を大きくしても上記の引張強度を有し、従来のマルチフィラメントや従来の組紐では展開できなかった耐摩耗性及び寸法安定性が求められる用途にまで展開することができる。引張強度は高い方が好ましく上限は特に限定されないが、例えば、引張強度が85cN/dtexを超えるマルチフィラメントは、技術的、工業的に生産が困難である。なお、引張強度の測定方法については後述する。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、破断伸度が3.0%以上であることが好ましく、3.4%以上がより好ましく、3.7%以上がさらに好ましく、7.0%以下が好ましく、6.0%以下がより好ましく、5.0%以下がさらに好ましい。破断伸度が3.0%未満になると、製品使用時もしくは製品への加工時にわずかな歪みで単糸切れや毛羽の発生が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。一方、破断伸度が7.0%を超えると、寸法安定性が損なわれ好ましくない。なお、破断伸度の測定方法については後述する。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントは、初期弾性率が600cN/dtex以上、1500cN/dtex以下であることが好ましい。マルチフィラメントが、かかる初期弾性率を有していれば、製品使用時や製品への加工工程で受ける外力に対して物性や形状変化が生じ難くなる。初期弾性率は650cN/dtex以上がより好ましく、更に好ましくは680cN/dtex以上であり、1400cN/dtex以下がより好ましく、更に好ましくは1300cN/dtex以下、特に好ましくは1200cN/dtex以下である。初期弾性率が1500cN/dtexを超えると、高弾性率により糸のしなやかさが損なわれるため好ましくない。なお、初期弾性率の測定方法については後述する。
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントを構成する単糸の初期弾性率については、下記式(1)にて定義される変動係数CVが30%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは25%以下であり、さらに好ましくは20%以下である。単糸の初期弾性率のばらつきを表す変動係数CVが30%を超えると、単糸から構成されるマルチフィラメントの強度が低下するばかりでなく耐摩耗性が悪化する為好ましくない。なお、下限は特に限定されないが、0.5%以上であることが好ましい。
変動係数CV(%)=(マルチフィラメントを構成する上記単糸の初期弾性率の標準偏差)/(マルチフィラメントを構成する上記単糸の初期弾性率の平均値)×100・・・(1)
本発明に用いられる単糸は、単糸内部の結晶構造が断面(長手方向垂直面)全体で均一に近い構造であることが好ましい。すなわち、本発明に用いられる単糸は、後述のX線ビームを用いた測定において、斜方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度に対する斜方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度の比(以下、ピーク強度比という)を単糸断面全体にわたって測定したとき、最大値と最小値の差が0.22以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.20以下、更に好ましくは0.18以下である。ピーク強度比の最大値と最小値の差が0.22を超えると、断面全体の結晶構造の均一性が不十分となっていることを示し、不均一な結晶構造である単糸からなるマルチフィラメントは耐摩耗性が低くなりやすいため好ましくない。ピーク強度比の最大値と最小値の差の下限は特に限定されないが、0.01程度で十分である。以下、単糸内部におけるピーク強度比の測定方法及びピーク強度比の最大値と最小値の差の求め方について説明する。
変動係数CV’(%)=(上記単糸のピーク強度比の標準偏差)/(上記単糸のピーク強度比の平均値)×100・・・(2)
本発明に係るマルチフィラメントを得る製造方法については、ゲル紡糸法によることが好ましい。具体的には、本発明に係るマルチフィラメントの製造方法は、ポリエチレンを溶媒に溶解してポリエチレン溶液とする溶解工程と、上記ポリエチレン溶液を上記ポリエチレンの融点以上の温度でノズルから吐出し、吐出した糸条を10℃以上60℃以下の冷媒で冷却する紡糸工程と、吐出された未延伸糸から溶媒を除去しながら延伸する延伸工程と、50℃以下で5cN/dtex以下の張力で巻き取る巻き取り工程とを備えることが好ましい。
溶剤に高分子量のポリエチレンを溶解してポリエチレン溶液を作製する。溶剤は、デカリン・テトラリン等の揮発性の有機溶剤や常温固体または非揮発性の溶剤であることが好ましい。上記ポリエチレン溶液におけるポリエチレンの濃度は30質量%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは20質量%以下、さらに好ましくは15質量%以下である。原料のポリエチレンの極限粘度[η]に応じて最適な濃度を選択する必要性がある。
高温撹拌や2軸スクリュー押出機によって作製されたポリエチレン溶液は、押出機などを用いてポリエチレンの融点よりも好ましくは10℃以上高い温度で、より好ましくはポリエチレンの融点よりも20℃以上高い温度で、さらに好ましくはポリエチレンの融点よりも30℃以上高い温度で押出しを行い、その後、定量供給装置を用いて紡糸口金(紡糸ノズル)に供給される。紡糸口金のオリフィス内を通過する時間は1秒以上、8分以下であることが好ましい。1秒未満の場合、オリフィス内でのポリエチレン溶液の流れが乱れるため、ポリエチレン溶液を安定して吐出できず好ましくない。また、ポリエチレン溶液の流れの乱れの影響をうけ、単糸全体の構造が不均一となるため好ましくない。他方、8分を超えるとポリエチレン分子がほとんど配向することなく吐出され、単糸あたりの紡糸張力範囲が上記の範囲外となりやすく好ましくない。また、得られる単糸の結晶構造が不均一となってしまうため、結果として耐摩耗性を発現することができず好ましくない。
上記の通り、細孔間で吐出の差を小さくして、得られる単糸繊度を均一にするだけではなく、細孔を出た後の変形条件や冷却条件までも均一にすることにより、弾性率の変動係数が小さく、更に単糸内部の結晶配向を単糸間で均一にすることが可能になる。この効果もあり、高荷重条件での耐摩耗性能が大きく向上する。
紡糸工程で引き取った未延伸糸を連続的に又は一旦巻き取った後、延伸工程を行う。延伸工程では冷却して得られた未延伸糸を加熱した状態で数倍に延伸する。延伸は1回のみでも複数回に分けて行ってもよいが、1回以上3回以下であることが好ましい。また、未延伸糸を加熱乾燥した後に1段以上の延伸をしてもよい。延伸工程は、熱媒体雰囲気中で行ってもよいし、加熱ローラーを用いて行ってもよい。媒体としては、空気、窒素等の不活性ガス、水蒸気、液体媒体等が挙げられる。
該未延伸糸の延伸時間、すなわちマルチフィラメントの変形に要する時間は0.5分間以上20分間以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは15分間以下、さらに好ましくは10分間以下である。マルチフィラメントの変形時間が20分間を超えると、延伸時間以外の製造条件を好適な範囲内としても分子鎖が延伸中に緩和してしまうため、単糸の強度が低下し好ましくない。
延伸された糸を好ましくは延伸終了から10分以内に巻き取ることが好ましく、より好ましくは8分以内、さらに好ましくは5分以内である。また、延伸された糸を好ましくは0.001cN/dtex以上、5cN/dtex以下の張力で巻き取ることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.05cN/dtex以上、3cN/dtex以下である。上記範囲内の時間や張力で巻き取ることで、マルチフィラメント中の断面方向における残留歪みを維持した状態で巻き取ることが可能となる。巻き取り時の張力が0.001N/dtex未満の場合、残留歪みが小さくなり、断面方向の応力分布が不安定となってしまうため、結果としてマルチフィラメントを構成する各単糸において内層と外層との間で残留歪みの差が発現してしまう。また巻取り張力を5.0cN/dtexよりも大きくするとマルチフィラメントを構成する単糸が切れやすくなるため好ましくない。
他の機能を付与するために、本発明に係るマルチフィラメントを製造する際に、酸化防止剤、還元防止剤等の添加剤、pH調整剤、表面張力低下剤、増粘剤、保湿剤、濃染化剤、防腐剤、防黴剤、帯電防止剤、顔料、鉱物繊維、他の有機繊維、金属繊維、金属イオン封鎖剤等を添加してもよい。
本発明に係る組紐は寸法安定性及び耐摩耗性に優れたマルチフィラメント(以下、高機能マルチフィラメントという)を含んでおり、本発明に係る上記マルチフィラメントを含むのが好ましい。以下、高機能マルチフィラメントを用いた本発明に係る組紐の製法及び組紐の物性、及び本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントの物性について説明する。
本発明に係る組紐は、引張強度が18cN/dtex以上、好ましくは20cN/dtex以上、更に好ましくは21cN/dtex以上である。組紐は、単糸繊度を大きくしても上記の引張強度を有し、従来のマルチフィラメントからなる組紐では展開できなかった耐摩耗性及び寸法安定性が求められる用途にまで展開することができる。引張強度は高い方が好ましく上限は特に限定されないが、例えば、引張強度が85cN/dtex以上の組紐は、技術的、工業的に生産が困難である。なお、引張強度の測定方法については後述する。
本発明に係る組紐について、有機溶剤で組紐の表面を洗浄・乾燥後にJIS L 1095に基づく摩耗試験を行い、その結果、荷重を5cN/dtexとしたときの破断までの回数が1000回以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1500回以上、さらに好ましくは3000回以上である。なお、上限は特に限定されないが、300000回以下であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る組紐は、120℃における熱収縮率が3.0%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは2.9%以下、さらに好ましくは2.8%以下である。120℃における熱収縮率が3.0%を超えると、製品洗浄後に製品に付着した水を短時間で乾燥させるために120℃といった高温で組紐を乾燥させると組紐の寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。また、高温で組紐に染色を行う場合、お湯で製品洗浄する場合などに組紐の寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。下限は特に限定されないが0.01%以上であることが好ましい。なお、組紐の120℃における熱収縮率は、組紐の120℃における長手方向の熱収縮率を指す。
本発明に係る組紐は、破断伸度が3.0%以上が好ましく、3.4%以上がより好ましく、3.7%以上がさらに好ましく、7.0%以下が好ましく、6.0%以下がより好ましく、5.0%以下がさらに好ましい。破断伸度が3.0%未満になると、製品使用時もしくは製品への加工時にわずかな歪みで単糸切れや毛羽の発生が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。一方、破断伸度が7.0%を超えると、寸法安定性が損なわれ好ましくない。なお、破断伸度の測定方法については後述する。
本発明に係る組紐は、初期弾性率が300cN/dtex以上、1500cN/dtex以下であることが好ましい。組紐が、かかる初期弾性率を有していれば、製品使用時や製品への加工工程で受ける外力に対して物性や形状変化が生じ難くなる。初期弾性率は350cN/dtex以上がより好ましく、更に好ましくは400cN/dtex以上であり、1400cN/dtex以下がより好ましく、更に好ましくは1300cN/dtex以下、特に好ましくは1200cN/dtex以下である。初期弾性率が1500cN/dtexを超えると、高弾性率により糸のしなやかさが損なわれるため好ましくない。なお、初期弾性率の測定方法については後述する。
組紐は公知の組紐機(製紐機)を用いて編み上げられる。製紐方法としては、特に限定されないが、平打ち、丸打ち、角打ちなどが挙げられる。そして、マルチフィラメントを製紐し、熱処理する工程を行うのが好ましい。
上記熱処理は、70℃以上で行うのが好ましく、より好ましくは90℃、更に好ましくは100℃であり、160℃以下で行うのが好ましい。熱処理の温度が70℃未満の場合、構成する高機能マルチフィラメントを構成するポリエチレンの結晶分散温度と同程度の温度又はそれ以下の温度であるため、マルチフィラメント中の断面方向における残留歪みが緩和されてしまうため、好ましくない。一方、熱処理温度が160℃を超えると、組紐の破断が生じやすくなるばかりでなく、所望の組紐の力学物性を得ることができないため、好ましくない。
また、熱処理は、0.1秒以上、30分以下行うことが好ましく、より好ましくは0.5秒以上、25分以下、更に好ましくは1.0秒以上、20分以下である。処理時間が0.1秒未満の場合、マルチフィラメント中の断面方向における残留歪みが緩和されてしまい好ましくない。一方、熱処理時間が30分を超えると、組紐の破断が生じやすくなるばかりでなく、所望の組紐の力学物性を得ることができないため、好ましくない。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントの物性について以下に記載する。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、単糸繊度が2dtex以上、40dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5dtex以上、30dtex以下、さらに好ましくは6dtex以上、20dtex以下である。単糸繊度が2dtex以上となることで高度な耐摩耗性が発現する。一方で単糸繊度が40dtexを超えるとマルチフィラメントの強度が低下してしまうため好ましくない。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、総繊度が15dtex以上、7000dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは30dtex以上、5000dtex以下、さらに好ましくは40dtex以上、3000dtex以下である。総繊度が15dtex以上となることで高度な耐摩耗性が発現する。一方で総繊度が7000dtexを超えるとマルチフィラメントの強度が低下してしまうため好ましくない。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントについて、有機溶剤でマルチフィラメントの表面を洗浄・乾燥後にJIS L 1095に基づく摩耗試験を行い、その結果、荷重を5cN/dtexとしたときの破断までの回数が1000回以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1500回以上、さらに好ましくは3000回以上である。なお、上限は特に限定されないが、300000回以下であることが好ましい。また、荷重を10cN/dtexとしたときの破断までの回数が100回以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは150回以上、さらに好ましくは200回以上であり、特に好ましくは300回以上である。なお、上限は特に限定されないが、100000回以下であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、TMA(機械熱分析)測定における120℃での熱応力が、0.15cN/dtex以上、0.5cN/dtex以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、0.17cN/dtex以上、0.4cN/dtex以下である。120℃での熱応力が、0.15cN/dtex未満の場合、マルチフィラメントの弾性率が低くなるおそれがあり、好ましくない。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、70℃における熱収縮率が0.11%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.10%以下である。70℃における熱収縮率が0.11%を超えると、高温で組紐に染色を行う場合、お湯で製品洗浄する場合などに組紐を構成するマルチフィラメントの寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。下限は特に限定されないが0.01%以上であることが好ましい。また、本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、120℃における熱収縮率が2.15%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは2.10%以下である。120℃における熱収縮率が2.15%を超えると、製品洗浄後に製品に付着した水を短時間で乾燥させるために120℃といった高温で組紐を乾燥させると組紐を構成するマルチフィラメントの寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。また、高温で組紐に染色を行う場合、お湯で製品洗浄する場合などに組紐を構成するマルチフィラメントの寸法変化が大きくなり好ましくない。下限は特に限定されないが0.01%以上であることが好ましい。なお、組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントの70℃又は120℃における熱収縮率は、マルチフィラメントの70℃又は120℃における長手方向の熱収縮率を指す。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、引張強度が18cN/dtex以上、好ましくは20cN/dtex以上、更に好ましくは21cN/dtex以上である。高機能マルチフィラメントは、単糸繊度を大きくしても上記の引張強度を有し、従来のマルチフィラメントからなる組紐では展開できなかった耐摩耗性及び寸法安定性が求められる用途にまで展開することができる。引張強度は高い方が好ましく上限は特に限定されないが、例えば、引張強度が85cN/dtex以上のマルチフィラメントは、技術的、工業的に生産が困難である。なお、引張強度の測定方法については後述する。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、破断伸度が3.0%以上が好ましく、3.4%以上がより好ましく、3.7%以上がさらに好ましく、7.0%以下が好ましく、6.0%以下がより好ましく、5.0%以下がさらに好ましい。破断伸度が3.0%未満になると、製品使用時もしくは製品への加工時にわずかな歪みで単糸切れや毛羽の発生が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。一方、破断伸度が7.0%を超えると、寸法安定性が損なわれ好ましくない。なお、破断伸度の測定方法については後述する。
本発明に係る組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントは、初期弾性率が600cN/dtex以上、1500cN/dtex以下であることが好ましい。マルチフィラメントが、かかる初期弾性率を有していれば、製品使用時や製品への加工工程で受ける外力に対して物性や形状変化が生じ難くなる。初期弾性率は650cN/dtex以上がより好ましく、更に好ましくは680cN/dtex以上であり、1400cN/dtex以下がより好ましく、更に好ましくは1300cN/dtex以下、特に好ましくは1200cN/dtex以下である。初期弾性率が1500cN/dtexを超えると、高弾性率により糸のしなやかさが損なわれるため好ましくない。なお、初期弾性率の測定方法については後述する。
組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントにおける単糸は、単糸内部の結晶構造が断面(長手方向垂直面)全体で均一に近い構造であることが好ましい。すなわち、組紐を解いた状態の高機能マルチフィラメントにおける単糸は、後述のX線ビームを用いた測定において、斜方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度に対する斜方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度の比(以下、ピーク強度比という)を単糸断面全体にわたって測定したとき、最大値と最小値の差が0.18以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.15以下、更に好ましくは0.12以下である。ピーク強度比の最大値と最小値の差が0.18を超えると、断面全体の結晶構造の均一性が不十分であることを示すため好ましくない。ピーク強度比の最大値と最小値の差の下限は特に限定されないが、0.01程度で十分である。単糸内部におけるピーク強度比の測定方法及びピーク強度比の最大値と最小値の差の求め方は上述のとおりである。
他の機能を付与するために、本発明に係る組紐を製造する際に、酸化防止剤、還元防止剤等の添加剤、pH調整剤、表面張力低下剤、増粘剤、保湿剤、濃染化剤、防腐剤、防黴剤、帯電防止剤、顔料、鉱物繊維、他の有機繊維、金属繊維、金属イオン封鎖剤等を添加してもよい。
溶媒を温度135℃のデカリンとし、ウベローデ型毛細粘度管を用いて、種々の希薄溶液の比粘度を測定した。希薄溶液粘度の濃度に対するプロットから最小2乗近似で得られる直線の原点への外挿点より極限粘度を決定した。測定に際し、サンプルを約5mm長の長さに分割又は切断し、サンプルに対して1質量%の酸化防止剤(エーピーアイコーポレーション社製、「ヨシノックス(登録商標) BHT」)を添加し、135℃で4時間攪拌溶解して測定溶液を調製した。
上記(1)の方法で測定された極限粘度の値から以下の式を用いて重量平均分子量を算出した。
重量平均分子量=5.365×104×(極限粘度)1.37
JIS L 1013 8.5.1に準拠して測定しており、万能試験機(株式会社オリエンテック製、「テンシロン万能材料試験機 RTF-1310」)を用い、サンプル長200mm(チャック間長さ)、伸長速度100mm/分の条件で歪-応力曲線を雰囲気温度20℃、相対湿度65%条件下で測定した。破断点での応力と伸びから引張強度と破断伸度を、曲線の原点付近の最大勾配を与える接線から初期弾性率を計算して求めた。この時、測定時にサンプルに印加する初荷重をサンプル10000m当りの質量(g)の1/10とした。なお、引張強度、破断伸度、及び初期弾性率は10回の測定値の平均値を使用した。
サンプルを構成する各単糸の初期弾性率を上記の測定法により測定し、(マルチフィラメントを構成する単糸の初期弾性率の標準偏差)/(マルチフィラメントを構成する単糸の初期弾性率の平均値)×100の値を算出し、変動係数CV(%)とした。
サンプルを70cmにカットし、両端より各々10cmの位置に、即ちサンプル長さ50cmがわかるように印をつけた。次に、サンプルに荷重が印加されないようにジグにぶら下げた状態で、熱風循環型の加熱炉を用いて、温度70℃で30分間加熱した。その後、加熱炉よりサンプルを取り出し、室温まで十分に徐冷した後に、最初にサンプルに印をつけた位置の長さを計測した。熱収縮率は以下の式より求めた。なお、熱収縮率は2回の測定値の平均値を使用した。
熱収縮率(%)=100×(加熱前におけるサンプルの長さ-加熱後におけるサンプルの長さ)/(加熱前におけるサンプルの長さ)
また、30分加熱する温度を70℃から120℃に変更して、上記と同様に120℃における熱収縮率も測定した。
測定には、熱応力歪測定装置(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製、「TMA/SS120C」)を用いた。長さ20mmとなるようにサンプルを準備し、初荷重0.01764cN/dtexとし、室温(20℃)から融点まで昇温速度20℃/分で昇温して、120℃における熱応力を測定し、熱収縮が最大となる熱応力とその温度を測定した。
サンプルを位置の異なる5箇所で各々20cmの単糸になるようにカットし、その質量を測定しその平均値を10000mに換算して繊度(dtex)とした。
耐摩耗性は、一般紡績糸試験方法(JIS L 1095)のうち摩耗強さを測定するB法に準拠した摩耗試験により評価した。測定は浅野機械製作株式会社製糸抱合力試験機を用いた。2.0mmφの硬質鋼を摩擦子として用い、荷重5cN/dtex又は10cN/dtex、雰囲気温度20℃、摩擦速度115回/分、往復距離2.5cm、摩擦角度110度で試験し、サンプルが破断するまでの摩擦回数を測定した。荷重を5cN/dtexとした場合及び荷重を10cN/dtexとした場合にサンプルが摩耗によって切断するまでの往復摩擦回数をそれぞれ測定した。試験回数は7回とし、最多回数と最小回数のデータを除外し、残りの5回分の測定値の平均値で表した。なお、マルチフィラメントの摩耗試験は、約220dtexになるように調整したサンプルを用いて行った。
結晶サイズおよび配向評価はX線回折法を用いて測定した。X線ソースとしては大型放射光施設SPring-8をX線原とし、BL03ハッチを使用した。使用するX線の波長はλ=1.0Åである。X線のサイズはX線の断面の外周上に存在する最も離れた2点を結ぶ距離が7μm以下になるように調整した。サンプルはXYZステージに単糸軸が垂直になるようにのせて、X線がサンプルの軸方向に対し、垂直にあたるようにした。該ステージを微動せしめ、ステージの中心にX線の断面の外周上に存在する最も離れた2点を結ぶ距離の中点が位置するようにした。X線強度は非常に強いため、サンプルの露光時間が長すぎるとサンプルにダメージが入る。そこでX線回折測定時の露光時間は30秒以内とした。この測定条件にて、単糸の中心部から単糸の外周近傍にかけて実質的に等間隔にビームを当て、それぞれの場所についてのX線回折図形を測定した。具体的には、単糸の中心、中心から2.5μm離れた点、5.0μm離れた点、7.5μm離れた点、・・・というように単糸の直径の中心から単糸の外周近傍まで2.5μm間隔でX線回折図形を測定した。例えば、直径32μm(半径16μm)の単糸の場合、中心、中心から2.5μm離れた点、5.0μm離れた点、7.5μm離れた点、10.0μm離れた点、12.5μm離れた点、15.0μm離れた点の合計7点でX線回折図形を測定した。X線回折図形はサンプルから67mm離れた位置に設置したフラットパネルを用いて記録した。記録された画像データより、赤道方向の回折プロファイルより斜方晶(110)および斜方晶(200)由来のピーク強度値よりピーク強度比を求めた。
上述(9)と同様にX線ソースとしては大型放射光施設SPring-8にて測定を行った。結晶配向度は、方位角方向の回折プロファイルより斜方晶(110)の配向分布関数の半値幅より、以下の式を用いて結晶配向度を求めた。
結晶配向度 = (180-(斜方晶(110)面の半値幅))/180
極限粘度18.0dL/g、重量平均分子量2,900,000、融点ピークが134℃である超高分子量ポリエチレンとデカリンとの分散液をポリエチレン濃度11.0質量%となるように調製した。この分散液を押出し機にて205℃の温度域における滞留時間を8分間として溶液にし、ポリエチレン溶液を紡糸口金から紡糸口金表面温度180℃で単孔吐出量4.5g/分で吐出した。紡糸口金に形成されたオリフィスの数は15個であり、オリフィス径はφ1.0mmであった。紡糸口金表面に形成された糸吐出用の細孔(オリフィスの一端部)は直接外気と接することのないように遮蔽されており、具体的には紡糸口金は厚み10mmの断熱ガラス製の遮蔽板によって外気から遮蔽されていた。遮蔽板と遮蔽板に最も近い細孔との距離を40mmとし、遮蔽板と遮蔽板から最も遠い細孔との距離を60mmとした。また、細孔の最高温度と最低温度との差は3℃で、各細孔における吐出量の変動係数CV”((15個の細孔における吐出量の標準偏差)/(15個の細孔における吐出量の平均値)×100)は8%であった。吐出された糸条を引き取りつつ、20℃の水冷バスで冷却し、その後、速度70m/分の速度で引き取り、15本の単糸からなる未延伸マルチフィラメントを得た。次に、上記未延伸マルチフィラメントを120℃の熱風で加熱乾燥しながら4.0倍に延伸した。続いて、150℃の熱風で2.7倍に延伸し、延伸した状態で直ちに延伸マルチフィラメントを巻き取った。合計延伸倍率を10.8倍、合計延伸時間を4分間、延伸時の変形速度を0.0300sec-1とした。延伸したマルチフィラメントの巻き取り時の温度を30℃、巻き取り時の張力を0.100cN/dtexとした。150℃での延伸終了から巻き取りまでの時間は2分間であった。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、ポリエチレン溶液の単孔吐出量を5.0g/分、遮蔽板から最も遠い細孔との距離を80mm、細孔の最高温度と最低温度との差を4℃、各細孔における吐出量の変動係数CV”を11%、紡糸速度を60m/分、150℃の熱風における延伸倍率を2.5倍(合計延伸倍率を10.0倍)、合計延伸時間を6分間、延伸時の変形速度を0.0200sec-1とした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、遮蔽板から最も遠い細孔との距離を45mm、細孔の最高温度と最低温度との差を2℃、各細孔における吐出量の変動係数CV”を6%、合計延伸時間を12分間、延伸時の変形速度を0.0100sec-1、巻き取り時の張力を0.200cN/dtex、延伸開始から巻き取りまでの時間を1分とした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、205℃の温度域における滞留時間を11分間、150℃の熱風における延伸倍率を2.5倍(合計延伸倍率を10.0倍)、合計延伸時間を5分間、延伸時の変形速度を0.0240sec-1、延伸糸の巻き取り時の温度を40℃、巻き取り時の張力を0.030cN/dtex、延伸開始から巻き取りまでの時間を5分とした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、205℃の温度域における滞留時間を18分間、120℃の熱風における延伸倍率を4.5倍、150℃の熱風における延伸倍率を2.2倍(合計延伸倍率を9.9倍)、合計延伸時間を5分間、延伸時の変形速度を0.0240sec-1とした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、205℃の温度域における滞留時間を32分間、単孔吐出量を1.0g/分、厚み10mmの断熱ガラス製の遮蔽板を設けず、細孔の最高温度と最低温度との差を12℃、各細孔における吐出量の変動係数CV”を23%、120℃の熱風における延伸倍率を3.0倍、150℃の熱風における延伸倍率を2.3倍(合計延伸倍率を6.9倍)とした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、吐出された糸条を65℃の水冷バスで冷却して紡糸速度10m/分の条件で未延伸糸を得た以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、合計延伸時間を25分間とし、延伸時の変形速度を0.0005sec-1とした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、120℃の熱風における延伸倍率を3.5倍、150℃の熱風における延伸倍率を2.0倍(合計延伸倍率を7.0倍)とし、延伸糸の巻き取り時の温度を70℃、巻き取り時の張力を0.008cN/dtexとした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
特許第4141686号公報(特許文献3)に記載の製法と同様に、極限粘度21.0dL/g、重量平均分子量3,500,000、融点ピークが135℃である超高分子量ポリエチレン10質量%とデカリン90質量%とのスラリー状混合物をスクリュー型混練機に供給し、230℃の温度域における滞留時間を11分間として溶液にし、ポリエチレン溶液を紡糸口金から紡糸口金表面温度170℃で単孔吐出量1.4g/分で吐出した。紡糸口金に形成されたオリフィスの数は96個であり、オリフィス径はφ0.7mmであった。細孔の最高温度と最低温度との差は12℃で、各細孔における吐出量の変動係数CV”((96個の細孔における吐出量の標準偏差)/(96個の細孔における吐出量の平均値)×100)は24%であった。吐出された糸条に、100℃の窒素ガスを、紡糸口金の直下に設置したガス供給用のスリット状オリフィスから平均風速1.2m/秒で、できるだけ均等に吹き付けて、繊維表面のデカリンを積極的に蒸発させた。その直後、吐出された糸条を引き取りつつ、30℃に設定した空気流で冷却した。その後、紡糸口金の下流に設置したネルソン状ローラーにより速度75m/分の速度で引き取り、96本の単糸からなる未延伸マルチフィラメントを得た。この時点で、糸条に含まれる溶剤の質量は、紡糸口金から吐出された時点における糸条に含まれる溶剤の質量の約半分に減少していた。次に、上記未延伸マルチフィラメントを加熱オーブン中で100℃の熱風で加熱乾燥しながら4.0倍に延伸した。続いて、加熱オーブン中で149℃の熱風で4.0倍に延伸し、延伸した状態で直ちに延伸マルチフィラメントを巻き取った。合計延伸倍率を16.0倍、合計延伸時間を8分間、延伸時の変形速度を0.0200sec-1とした。延伸したマルチフィラメントの巻き取り時の温度を30℃、巻き取り時の張力を0.100cN/dtexとした。149℃での延伸終了から巻き取りまでの時間は2分間であった。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
極限粘度11.0dL/g、重量平均分子量1,400,000、融点ピークが131℃である超高分子量ポリエチレンと流動パラフィンとの分散液をポリエチレン濃度14.0質量%となるように調製した。この分散液を押出し機にて220℃の温度域における滞留時間を39分間として溶液にし、ポリエチレン溶液を紡糸口金から紡糸口金表面温度170℃で単孔吐出量2.0g/分で吐出した。紡糸口金に形成されたオリフィスの数は48個であり、オリフィス径はφ1.0mmであった。細孔の最高温度と最低温度との差は13℃で、各細孔における吐出量の変動係数CV”((48個の細孔における吐出量の標準偏差)/(48個の細孔における吐出量の平均値)×100)は22%であった。吐出された糸条を引き取りつつ20℃の水冷バスで冷却し、その後、速度35m/分の速度で引き取り、48本の単糸からなる未延伸マルチフィラメントを得た。次に、上記未延伸マルチフィラメントを80℃のn-デカン中に通して流動パラフィンを除去した。次に、上記未延伸マルチフィラメントを120℃の熱風で加熱乾燥しながら6.0倍に延伸した。続いて、150℃の熱風で3.0倍に延伸し、延伸した状態で直ちに延伸マルチフィラメントを巻き取った。合計延伸倍率を18.0倍、合計延伸時間を9分間、延伸時の変形速度を0.0400sec-1とした。延伸したマルチフィラメントの巻き取り時の温度を30℃、巻き取り時の張力を0.100cN/dtexとした。150℃での延伸終了から巻き取りまでの時間は2分間であった。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1において、205℃の温度域における滞留時間を25分間、単孔吐出量を1.3g/分、厚み10mmの断熱ガラス製の遮蔽板を設けず、細孔の最高温度と最低温度との差を10℃、各細孔における吐出量の変動係数CV”を14%、120℃の熱風における延伸倍率を3.0倍、150℃の熱風における延伸倍率を2.3倍(合計延伸倍率を6.9倍)とした以外は実施例1-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。マルチフィラメントの製造条件を表1に、得られたマルチフィラメントの物性及び評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1-1のマルチフィラメント4本を組角度が20°になるように組紐を製紐した。これを151℃に設定した熱風加熱炉で加熱して熱処理を行った。熱処理の時間を1.5分、熱処理中に組紐にかける張力を1.6cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を2.00倍とした。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
実施例2-1において、熱処理中の張力を2.4cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を3.00倍とした以外は実施例2-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
実施例2-1において、熱処理温度を152℃、熱処理の時間を2.0分、熱処理中の張力を3.8cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を4.00倍とした以外は実施例2-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
実施例1-2のマルチフィラメント4本を組角度が20°になるように組紐を製紐した。これを151℃に設定した熱風加熱炉で加熱して熱処理を行った。熱処理の時間を1.0分、熱処理中に組紐にかける張力を1.4cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を1.80倍とした。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
実施例2-4において、熱処理の時間を2.0分、熱処理中の張力を2.7cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を3.50倍とした以外は実施例2-4と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
比較例1-1のマルチフィラメント4本を組角度が20°になるように組紐を製紐した。これを142℃に設定した熱風加熱炉で加熱して熱処理を行った。熱処理の時間を0.08秒、熱処理中に組紐にかける張力を4.3cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を1.04倍とした。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
比較例2-1において、熱処理温度を135℃、熱処理の時間を35分、熱処理中の張力を0.005cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を1.01倍とした以外は比較例2-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
実施例2-1において、熱処理温度を145℃、熱処理の時間を35分、熱処理中の張力を0.01cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を1.02倍とした以外は実施例2-1と同様にしてマルチフィラメントを得た。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
実施例1-1のマルチフィラメント4本を組角度が20°になるように組紐を製紐した。これを65℃に設定した熱風加熱炉で加熱し、再延伸倍率が1.50倍となるように熱処理を行ったところ、再延伸途中でマルチフィラメントが切れてしまい、組紐を得ることができなかった。
比較例1-5のマルチフィラメント4本を組角度が20°になるように組紐を製紐した。これを139℃に設定した熱風加熱炉で加熱して熱処理を行った。熱処理の時間を35分、熱処理中に組紐にかける張力を0.05cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を1.05倍とした。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
比較例1-6のマルチフィラメント4本を組角度が20°になるように組紐を製紐した。これを139℃に設定した熱風加熱炉で加熱して熱処理を行った。熱処理の時間を35分、熱処理中に組紐にかける張力を0.03cN/dtex、再延伸倍率を1.05倍とした。組紐の製造条件、得られた組紐の物性・評価結果、及び組紐を解いた状態のマルチフィラメントの物性を表3に示す。
Claims (23)
- 5本以上の単糸からなるマルチフィラメントであって、
上記マルチフィラメントは、
極限粘度[η]が5.0dL/g以上40.0dL/g以下であり、繰り返し単位が実質的にエチレンであるポリエチレンを含んでおり、
JIS L 1095に準拠し、荷重を5cN/dtexとして測定された摩耗強さ試験における破断時の往復摩耗回数が1000回以上である
ことを特徴とするマルチフィラメント。 - JIS L 1095に準拠し、荷重を10cN/dtexとして測定された摩耗強さ試験における破断時の往復摩耗回数が100回以上である請求項1に記載のマルチフィラメント。
- 上記単糸の繊度が3dtex以上40dtex以下である請求項1又は2に記載のマルチフィラメント。
- 熱応力最大値が0.20cN/dtex以上である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のマルチフィラメント。
- 初期弾性率の下記式(1)にて定義される変動係数CVが30%以下である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のマルチフィラメント。
変動係数CV(%)=(上記単糸の初期弾性率の標準偏差)/(上記単糸の初期弾性率の平均値)×100・・・(1) - 120℃における熱応力が0.15cN/dtex以上である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のマルチフィラメント。
- 70℃における熱収縮率が0.20%以下で、120℃における熱収縮率が3.0%以下である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のマルチフィラメント。
- 引張強度が18cN/dtex以上であり、初期弾性率が600cN/dtex以上である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のマルチフィラメント。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のマルチフィラメントの製造方法であって、
上記ポリエチレンを溶媒に溶解してポリエチレン溶液とする溶解工程と、
上記ポリエチレン溶液を上記ポリエチレンの融点以上の温度でノズルから吐出し、吐出した糸条を10℃以上60℃以下の冷媒で冷却する紡糸工程と、
吐出された未延伸糸から溶媒を除去しながら延伸する延伸工程と、
50℃以下で5cN/dtex以下の張力で巻き取る巻き取り工程とを備え、
上記延伸工程における延伸回数が1回以上3回以下であり、延伸倍率が7.0倍以上60倍以下であり、延伸時間の合計が0.5分以上20分以下である
ことを特徴とするマルチフィラメントの製造方法。 - 5本以上の単糸からなるマルチフィラメントを含む組紐であって、
上記組紐は、JIS L 1095に準拠し、荷重を5cN/dtexとして測定された摩耗強さ試験における破断時の往復摩耗回数が1000回以上であり、
上記マルチフィラメントは、極限粘度[η]が5.0dL/g以上40.0dL/g以下であり、繰り返し単位が実質的にエチレンであるポリエチレンを含んでいる
ことを特徴とする組紐。 - 荷重を5cN/dtexとして測定された上記摩耗強さ試験において、上記組紐の往復摩耗回数と、上記組紐を解いた状態における上記マルチフィラメントの往復摩耗回数との差が320回以下である請求項10に記載の組紐。
- 上記組紐を解いた状態における上記マルチフィラメントは、JIS L 1095に準拠し、荷重を10cN/dtexとして測定された摩耗強さ試験における破断時の往復摩耗回数が100回以上である請求項10又は11に記載の組紐。
- 上記組紐の引張強度と、上記組紐を解いた状態における上記マルチフィラメントの引張強度との差が5cN/dtex以下である請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の組紐。
- 上記組紐の120℃における熱収縮率が3.0%以下である請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載の組紐。
- 上記組紐の引張強度が18cN/dtex以上であり、上記組紐の初期弾性率が300cN/dtex以上である請求項10~14のいずれか1項に記載の組紐。
- 上記組紐を解いた状態において、上記単糸の繊度が2dtex以上40dtex以下である請求項10~15のいずれか1項に記載の組紐。
- 上記組紐を解いた状態における上記マルチフィラメントは、70℃における熱収縮率が0.11%以下で、120℃における熱収縮率が2.15%以下である請求項10~16のいずれか1項に記載の組紐。
- 上記組紐を解いた状態における上記マルチフィラメントは、120℃における熱応力が0.15cN/dtex以上である請求項10~17のいずれか1項に記載の組紐。
- 請求項10~18のいずれか1項に記載の組紐の製造方法であって、
上記マルチフィラメントを製紐し、熱処理する工程を備えており、
上記熱処理は70℃以上で行われ、上記熱処理の時間は0.1秒以上30分以下であり、上記熱処理中は上記組紐に0.02cN/dtex以上15cN/dtex以下の張力がかけられている
ことを特徴とする組紐の製造方法。 - 上記張力により、上記熱処理後の組紐の長さは上記熱処理前の組紐の長さの1.05倍以上15倍以下となる請求項19に記載の組紐の製造方法。
- 請求項10~18のいずれか1項に記載の組紐から得られることを特徴とする釣糸。
- 請求項10~18のいずれか1項に記載の組紐から得られることを特徴とするネット。
- 請求項10~18のいずれか1項に記載の組紐から得られることを特徴とするロープ。
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Cited By (5)
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JP2017172084A (ja) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-28 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 高機能ポリエチレンマルチフィラメントからなる組紐 |
WO2019017432A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | 東洋紡株式会社 | マルチフィラメントおよびそれを構成するモノフィラメント |
JPWO2019017432A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-20 | 2020-05-28 | 東洋紡株式会社 | マルチフィラメントおよびそれを構成するモノフィラメント |
TWI752250B (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2022-01-11 | 日商東洋紡股份有限公司 | 複絲以及構成複絲之單絲 |
JP7176517B2 (ja) | 2017-07-20 | 2022-11-22 | 東洋紡株式会社 | マルチフィラメントおよびそれを構成するモノフィラメント |
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