WO2015143700A1 - 制冷阀部件、制冷阀及其制造方法 - Google Patents
制冷阀部件、制冷阀及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015143700A1 WO2015143700A1 PCT/CN2014/074263 CN2014074263W WO2015143700A1 WO 2015143700 A1 WO2015143700 A1 WO 2015143700A1 CN 2014074263 W CN2014074263 W CN 2014074263W WO 2015143700 A1 WO2015143700 A1 WO 2015143700A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- copper
- steel
- refrigeration valve
- valve component
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 278
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 56
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 brass Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical group [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003660 reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/04—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
- F16K27/044—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves slide valves with flat obturating members
Definitions
- Refrigeration valve component cooling crucible and manufacturing method thereof
- the present invention relates to a refrigerating valve, and more particularly to a refrigerating valve component, a refrigerating valve and a method of manufacturing the same based on a multi-layered copper-steel bimetal composite material. Background technique
- Refrigeration valves for refrigeration systems such as air conditioners are mainly welded by a copper valve body and a number of nozzles.
- the refrigeration valve also includes valve needles, bonnets, sliders and other components, except that the valve body and the nozzle are the main pressure-bearing members of the refrigeration valve.
- the valve body can be processed by, for example, brass forging, and the pipe is processed by, for example, copper pipe.
- copper refrigeration valve components generally have a tendency to reduce the thickness of copper, in order to reduce the amount of copper used, reduce product costs, but this will lead to greater safety risks, and detailed analysis as follows .
- the valve body and the nozzle are usually welded using, for example, silver-containing copper solder.
- the high temperature of the welding especially the furnace welding process, can easily lead to microscopic grain growth of the refrigeration valve components.
- an increase in the average grain size of the material will result in a decrease in the yield strength of the material. Therefore, the welding process leads to microscopic grain growth of the refrigeration valve components, which may make the strength of the finally produced refrigeration valve lower than the design strength, thereby affecting the operational safety of the refrigeration system.
- a copper member further special embodiment of corrosion, i.e. corrosion nests (ant nestcorrosion) 0 called formicary corrosion, refers to the microstructure of the material was destroyed with a very A hole like a hole that an ant hits below the ground.
- corrosion nests ant nestcorrosion
- the volatile oil, cleaning agent, flux and other auxiliary materials remaining during the processing of the refrigeration valve will not cause ant nest corrosion, but these auxiliary materials will form low-grade carboxylic acid after being contacted with oxygen and hydrolyzed, thereby causing ant colon corrosion.
- the holes created by the ant nest corrosion will make the actual thickness of the copper part less than the safe thickness of the product design, and its Description
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to process a refrigeration valve that meets safety performance requirements with as low a manufacturing cost as possible.
- a refrigerating valve member which is a nozzle or a valve body of a refrigerating valve, and is made of a copper-steel bimetal composite material having a multi-layer structure.
- the copper-steel bimetal composite material comprises: a first copper layer that will contact the refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration valve component; a steel layer that is structurally supported by the refrigeration valve component; and a copper-based steel a first microalloy layer between the first copper layer and the steel layer.
- the steel layer may be stainless steel or carbon steel.
- a protective layer is formed at the end of the refrigerating valve member to prevent the carbon steel from being corroded.
- the protective layer may preferably be a copper protective layer and may have a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m.
- the copper-steel bimetal composite material may further include a second copper layer and a second microalloy layer based on copper steel, and the second micro An alloy layer is between the steel layer and the second copper layer.
- the first copper layer and/or the second copper layer may be pure copper or a copper alloy, and may have a thickness of about 20 ⁇ to 120 ⁇ .
- the first microalloy layer may extend in a wave shape between the first copper layer and the steel layer; and/or The second microalloy layer may extend in a wave shape between the second copper layer and the steel layer.
- the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer may be gradiently changed to the first copper layer and the steel layer, respectively;
- the elemental composition of the gold layer may vary in gradient to the second copper layer and the steel layer, respectively.
- the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer and the second microalloy layer may be centrally symmetrical with respect to the steel layer.
- the first microalloy layer and/or the second microalloy layer may have a thickness of about 0.01 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- a refrigerating valve including a valve body and at least one connecting pipe, wherein at least one of the valve body and the at least one connecting pipe is provided
- One component is a refrigeration valve component as described above.
- a manufacturing method for manufacturing the above-described refrigerating valve comprising: based on a nominal diameter, a design pressure, and a maximum use temperature of the refrigerating valve, Calculating a minimum wall thickness of the refrigeration valve component; based on the calculated minimum wall thickness, in combination with the estimated amount of machining deformation, selecting a copper-steel bimetal composite material having a suitable thickness as described above; and using the stamping process to form the copper
- the steel bimetal composite is processed into the refrigeration valve component; and the refrigeration valve component is coupled to the other refrigeration valve component by the welding process to form the refrigeration valve.
- the stamping process includes a plurality of drawing processes using a mold.
- the welding process includes silver-free brazing welding performed in a tunnel furnace.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a copper-steel bimetal composite material for a refrigerating valve according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a copper-steel bimetal composite material for a refrigerating valve according to another embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a four-way reversing valve machined using a refrigerating valve member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the smaller steel layer material acts as a structural support to increase the design pressure of the refrigeration valve and its components.
- the mechanical and physical properties of several common steel materials and copper materials at room temperature, such as 20 °C, can be found in Table 1 below.
- the microscopic grain growth of the copper refrigeration valve components caused by welding is mainly due to the welding temperature, for example, about 1000 degrees. C is higher than the recrystallization completion temperature of the copper material, for example, about 750 ° C, so that the copper material becomes soft during soldering, and crystal grains of the copper material recrystallize to cause grain growth.
- the recrystallization start and end temperatures of steel, especially stainless steel are higher than for copper. Therefore, under the current welding process, the steel is less affected by the welding heat treatment.
- micro-alloy layer based on copper steel between the steel layer material and the copper layer material to provide a high bonding strength between the steel layer material and the copper layer material to avoid refrigeration.
- the valve component exhibits delamination during subsequent processing including, but not limited to, stamping, welding, etc., and subsequent service, thereby further improving the reliability of the processed refrigeration valve.
- the microalloy layer serves as a transition layer between the steel layer and the copper layer, and the mechanism for improving the interlaminar bonding strength may mainly include the following two points.
- the elemental composition gradient of the microalloyed layer alleviates the difference in physical properties between the copper layer and the steel layer, as shown in Table 1 above, at room temperature, for example, about 20 ° C, pure copper, H62 brass, 304 stainless steel
- the linear expansion coefficients of 10 carbon steel and 316 stainless steel are different from each other. The difference between these expansion coefficients makes the copper-steel bimetal composite material containing the combined structure of copper layer and steel layer easy to be subjected to large thermal stress and/or mechanical stress. Layered peeling occurs.
- the micro-alloy layer is introduced as a transition layer to alleviate the difference in physical properties between the steel layer material and the copper layer material, and the physical property compatibility between the copper layer and the steel layer can be improved, thereby effectively improving the layer of the copper layer and the steel layer.
- the strength of the bond is introduced as a transition layer to alleviate the difference in physical properties between the steel layer material and the copper layer material, and the physical property compatibility between the copper layer and the steel layer can be improved, thereby effectively improving the layer of the copper layer and the steel layer.
- the microalloyed layer may have a wavy structure on the microscopic surface to form a pinning engagement at the interface between the steel layer and the interface of the copper layer, thereby effectively improving the interlayer between the copper layer and the steel layer. Bond strength.
- the above-mentioned multilayered copper-steel bimetal composite material itself will have a lower thermal conductivity, which allows the refrigerant to flow through a refrigeration valve made of a copper-steel bimetal composite material using the multilayer structure.
- the energy loss is significantly reduced, it is more energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
- the main reasons for the low thermal conductivity of the above-mentioned multilayered copper-steel bimetal composite material are as follows.
- the room temperature thermal conductivity of 304 stainless steel is only 14w / (m ⁇ , about 1 / 27 of pure copper and about 1 / 8 of H62 brass; 10 carbon steel room
- the thermal conductivity is slightly higher, 47w / (mk), but also about 1 / 8 of pure copper and about 1/2 of H62 brass.
- the steel layer material has a lower thermal conductivity, and the steel layer The material accounts for a non-negligible proportion in the above-mentioned multi-layered copper-steel bimetal composite material, for example, about 30% to 98% in thickness, which can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of the above composite material.
- the interface inside the material can block heat, which may be because: the interface between similar materials causes the phonons at the grain boundary or interface to scatter randomly, rather than the elastic properties between similar materials.
- the difference in density variation suppresses the vibrational energy of heat passing through the interface.
- the above-mentioned copper-steel bimetal composite material having a multi-layer structure contains a plurality of interfaces, which is equivalent to the introduction of a plurality of additional interfacial thermal resistances, so that the thermal conductivity of the copper-steel bimetal composite material can be further reduced.
- the copper-steel bimetal composite of the multilayer structure itself will have a lower thermal conductivity, for example, about 15 w/(m_k:) to 90 w/(m3 ⁇ 4), compared to the case where the copper steel material is simply superposed.
- the so-called simple superposition refers to a hypothetical ideal state, that is, an ideal contact at the interface between the copper layer material, the microalloy layer, and the steel layer material, and there is no additional interface thermal resistance between the layers.
- the refrigerating valve member made of the above-described multilayered copper-steel bimetal composite material can be used for any type of refrigerating valve.
- the valve body and/or the connecting pipe of the four-way switching valve shown in Fig. 3 can be manufactured by using the above-described multilayered copper-steel bimetal composite material.
- the four-way switching valve is mainly used in a refrigerant circuit composed of a compressor, a condenser, an indoor heat exchanger, and an outdoor heat exchanger, and is used for switching between cooling and heating.
- the four-way reversing valve is mainly composed of three parts: an electromagnetic coil, a pilot valve 3, and a main valve 2.
- the main valve 2 includes a cylindrical valve body 27 having a normally-connected pipe D connected to the exhaust port of the compressor (ie, a high pressure) Description
- the neutral connection s connected to the suction port of the compressor ie, the low pressure zone
- the bypass connection C connected to the outdoor heat exchanger the valve
- the ends of the body are sealed by end caps 24, the valve seat 21 is welded inside, and the slider 22 and the pair of pistons 25 are integrally connected by the connecting rod 26, and the valve seat and the slider form a pair of motion pairs, the piston and the valve body. Then, another pair of motion pairs is formed, and the main valve inner cavity is divided into three chambers of left (E side), middle and right (C side) by a piston.
- the pilot valve 3 includes a circular sleeve 36 having a small valve body 34 welded to the left end and a sealing head 39 welded to the right end.
- the upper side of the small valve body is welded with a capillary d connected to the main valve normally connected to the pipe D (thus the pilot valve cavity)
- a small valve seat 31 is welded in the lower hole, and three step through holes are opened in the small valve seat, and are welded to the left end cover of the main valve, the middle joint pipe S and the right end cover, respectively, from left to right.
- the capillary e/s/c (so s is the low pressure zone), the inner cavity of the sleeve has a core iron 37 that can slide left and right, and a return spring 38 that is biased in the hole thereof, and is connected by a rivet, and then riveted and fixed to the core
- the carriage 32 and the reed 35 in the iron hole have an opening at the left end of the carriage, and the sliding bowl 33 with the concave hole at the lower portion is embedded in the hole, and the reed is pressed against the upper part of the sliding bowl,
- the lower end surface of the sliding bowl is closely attached to the surface of the small valve seat, and the sliding bowl can slide on the surface of the small valve seat with the core iron/drive frame assembly, and the sliding bowl and the small valve seat form a movement pair, and the inner cavity thereof (ie Capillary s) is a low pressure zone, and its back (ie, the pilot valve cavity) is a high pressure zone, so the sliding bowl is subjected to With the
- a three-layer copper-steel bimetal composite material may be used to process the refrigeration valve component.
- the three-layered copper-steel bimetal composite material includes a stainless steel layer 110, a microalloy layer 120, and a copper layer 130.
- stainless steel has higher strength than copper material and is less affected by welding heat treatment. Therefore, the stainless steel layer 110 as a structural support can effectively improve the design strength of the refrigeration valve component without increasing the wall thickness of the refrigeration valve component. .
- the non-copper layer 130 is directly exposed to the air, which can effectively prevent the refrigeration valve component from being corroded and rusted by environmental factors such as air humidity, thereby maintaining the refrigeration valve component better. Appearance and performance.
- the stainless steel layer 110 can have strong corrosion resistance and deep drawing capability by appropriately matching elemental compositions of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, etc. inside the stainless steel layer 110.
- the specific gravity of a small amount of elemental components inside the stainless steel layer 110 may be 7.0% to 15.0% of nickel, 14.0% to 22.0% of chromium, 0 to 5.0% of molybdenum, and 0 to 1.5% of silicon. , titanium 0 ⁇ 0.8%.
- the thickness of the stainless steel layer 110 can be determined based on the strength of the steel layer, the inner diameter of the lumen of the refrigeration valve component, and the design pressure of the refrigeration valve component.
- the stainless steel layer 110 may have a thickness of 0.3 mm to 5 mm.
- the copper layer 130 is located on the inner layer to ensure that the soldering process is less adjusted than in the prior art. Also, since the refrigerant is still in contact with the copper layer 130, there is no need to consider the compatibility problem of the refrigerant.
- the copper layer 130 may be selected from a dense copper or copper alloy such as brass.
- the specific gravity of each of the main element components in the copper layer 130 may be 60.0% to 98.0% of copper, 0 to 40.0% of zinc, and 0. ⁇ 30.0%, manganese 0 ⁇ 15.0%, iron 0 ⁇ 3.0%, etc., so that the copper layer 130 has strong processing ability, corrosion resistance and refrigerant compatibility.
- the copper layer 130 may have a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m. In this way, when the three-layered copper-steel bimetal composite material is used to process the refrigerating valve component, the welding process can be ensured and the existing refrigerant can be compatible.
- the copper-based microalloy layer 120 is located between the stainless steel layer 110 and the copper layer 130, and is mainly used Description
- the interlayer bonding strength of the stainless steel layer 110 and the copper layer 130 is improved.
- the microalloy layer 120 may be wavy in the microstructure to achieve pinning engagement at the interface to the stainless steel layer 110 and at the interface to the copper layer 130.
- the elemental composition of the microalloy layer 120 may be gradiently changed to the stainless steel layer 110 and the copper layer 130, respectively, to effectively alleviate the difference in physical properties between the stainless steel layer 110 and the copper layer 130.
- the microalloy layer 120 has a thickness of about 0.01 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the outer surface of the stainless steel layer 110 in the 3-layer structure copper-steel bimetal composite has a lower surface roughness, for example, at least V6, thereby utilizing the 3 layers.
- the refrigeration valve component made of the structural copper-steel bimetal composite material is relatively beautiful.
- the outer surface of the copper layer 130 in the 3-layer structure copper-steel bimetal composite has a lower surface roughness, for example, at least V6, thereby allowing refrigerant to flow through
- the flow resistance of the refrigerating valve member made of the three-layer structure copper-steel bimetal composite material is small.
- a five-layer copper-steel bimetal composite material may be used to process the refrigeration valve component.
- the 5-layer structure copper-steel bimetal composite material includes a first copper layer 210, a first micro-alloy layer 220, a carbon steel layer 230, a second micro-alloy layer 240, and a second copper layer 250. Since the price of carbon steel is much lower than that of stainless steel, the 5-layer structure of the copper-steel bimetal composite material is more cost-effective than the above-mentioned three-layer copper-steel bimetal composite material.
- carbon steel layer 230 is located in the intermediate layer as a structural support for the entire refrigeration valve component.
- carbon steel has higher strength than copper material and is less affected by welding heat treatment. Therefore, carbon steel layer 230 as a structural support can effectively improve the design strength of the refrigeration valve components without increasing refrigeration.
- the wall thickness of the valve component As shown in Table 1 above, carbon steel has higher strength than copper material and is less affected by welding heat treatment. Therefore, carbon steel layer 230 as a structural support can effectively improve the design strength of the refrigeration valve components without increasing refrigeration. The wall thickness of the valve component.
- the carbon steel layer 230 can have strong corrosion resistance and deep drawing capability by appropriately matching elemental components such as carbon, silicon, and manganese inside the carbon steel layer 230.
- elemental components such as carbon, silicon, and manganese
- the specific gravity of a small amount of elemental components inside the carbon steel layer 230 can be divided.
- the thickness of the carbon steel layer 230 can be determined based on the strength of the steel layer, the inner diameter of the lumen of the refrigeration valve component, and the design pressure of the refrigeration valve component.
- the carbon steel layer 230 may have a thickness of 0.3 mm to 5 mm.
- the first micro-alloy layer 220 and the second micro-alloy layer 240 are both micro-alloy layers based on copper steel, mainly used to improve carbon.
- the first microalloy layer 220 may extend in a wavy manner on the microstructure to achieve pinning engagement at the interface between the carbon steel layer 230 and the interface of the first copper layer 210.
- the second microalloy layer 240 may also be wavy in the microstructure to achieve pinning engagement at the interface to the carbon steel layer 230 and at the interface to the second copper layer 250.
- the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer 220 is gradiently changed to the first copper layer 210 and the carbon steel layer 230, respectively, and the elemental composition of the second microalloy layer 240 is respectively directed to the carbon steel layer 230 and the second copper layer. 250 has a gradient change to effectively alleviate the difference in physical properties between the copper layer and the steel layer.
- the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer 220 and the second microalloy layer 240 may be centrally symmetric with respect to the carbon steel layer 230.
- the first copper layer 210 and the second copper layer 250 may be selected from dense copper or copper alloys such as brass, respectively.
- the specific elemental composition of the copper alloy may have a specific gravity of 60.0% to 98.0% of copper, 0 to 40.0% of zinc, 0 to 30.0% of nickel, and manganese. 0 to 15.0%, iron 0 to 3.0%, etc., so that the first copper layer 210 and/or the second copper layer 250 have strong processing ability, corrosion resistance, and refrigerant compatibility.
- the second copper layer 250 is located on the inner layer to ensure that the soldering process is less adjusted than in the prior art. Moreover, since the refrigerant is still in contact with the second copper layer 250, it is not necessary to consider the refrigerant Description
- the first copper layer 210 and the second copper layer 250 may each have a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
- the welding process can be adjusted to a small extent and compatible with existing refrigerants.
- a protective layer is formed at the port of the refrigerating valve member made of the above-described five-layered copper-steel bimetal material.
- the port of the refrigerating valve member may include an internal port for the connection of the valve body and the connection tube, and an external port for connection with a connection line of the refrigeration device such as an air conditioner.
- the internal port is soldered before the refrigerated valve is shipped from the factory, and the external port is reserved for use by the refrigeration equipment manufacturer.
- it can be made of a copper-steel bimetal material with a 5-layer structure by a rapid deposition method including, but not limited to, a cold spray method, a thermal spray method, a spray deposition method, an ion plating method, or the like.
- a protective layer of about 20 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m thick is formed at the port of the refrigerating valve member.
- the protective layer is preferably a copper layer so as not to affect the current welding process for manufacturing the refrigeration valve product, and the potential difference between the protective layer and the refrigeration valve component is as small as possible. Thereby, galvanic corrosion due to a potential difference between the protective layer and the refrigerating valve member can be effectively avoided.
- the present invention proposes to use a multi-layered copper-steel bimetal composite material to process a refrigerating valve component, wherein: the steel layer is used as a structural support, so that the strength of the processed refrigerating valve component is much higher than that of the present invention.
- Some copper refrigeration valve components can provide higher compressive strength and design pressure; and, the copper alloy-based microalloy layer acts as a transition layer between the steel layer and the copper layer, which helps to improve the multilayer structure.
- the interlayer bonding strength of the copper-steel bimetal composite material avoids the phenomenon of interlayer delamination, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the finally produced refrigeration valve.
- the strength design is first required, that is, the appropriate wall thickness is designed according to a given nominal diameter, design pressure and maximum service temperature.
- the maximum operating temperature of the refrigerating valve is 130 ° C, and the allowable stress of the material at the highest operating temperature needs to be considered in the strength design.
- the steel layer is mainly used as a structural support, the copper layer can be excluded from the strength calculation. Also, thin wall member strength design can usually use the following minimum wall thickness calculation formula:
- A represents the minimum wall thickness and the unit can be mm (mm).
- ⁇ indicates design pressure, the unit can be MPa (MPa). £> ; indicates the inner diameter, the unit can be mm.
- the refrigerating valve member is brazed, for example, the refrigerating valve body is brazed to at least one of the nozzle members, it is checked that the brazing material penetrates the entire joint, so that the welding coefficient can be equal to 1.0.
- the minimum wall thickness formula for thin wall member strength design there are many variations on the minimum wall thickness formula for thin wall member strength design.
- the above formula 1 is designed from the viewpoint of the inner diameter, and those skilled in the art will understand that it is also possible to design from the outer diameter and use a formula designed from the outer diameter.
- the safety rate must be included in the calculation.
- the minimum wall thickness formula should not be limited to the above formula 1, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select any conventionally known minimum wall thickness formula according to the actual application scenario and personal design habits.
- the thermal conductivity of the multilayered copper-steel bimetal composite was measured, and the energy conservation of the composite relative to the copper was examined. Assuming that there is no corrosion of the copper layer in contact with the refrigerant, and the copper-steel bimetal composite material of the multilayer structure is regarded as a uniform material, the thermal conductivity A can be obtained by the following formula 2:
- ⁇ represents the thermal conductivity
- the unit can be w / (m. p represents the density, the unit can be g / cm 3 . " represents the thermal diffusion coefficient, the unit can be mm 2 / s. C p represents the specific heat capacity, The unit can be J/gK.
- a 10 mm-diameter wafer sample was taken.
- the mass of the sample is measured using a measuring instrument such as an electron equalizer, and the density P of the sample is calculated in combination with the volume of the sample.
- the specific heat capacity of the sample at room temperature is measured by a measuring instrument such as a differential scanning calorimeter, and is measured by a measuring instrument such as a laser thermal conductivity analyzer (specifically, Netzsch LFA427).
- the half-temperature rise curve of the back of the sample, from which the thermal diffusivity of the sample at room temperature was calculated.
- the thermal conductivity A of the sample at room temperature was calculated according to Equation 2.
- Equation 3 the estimation method shown in Equation 3 below can also be used to estimate the thermal conductivity of the multilayered copper-steel bimetal composite material simply and quickly.
- ⁇ respectively represent the thermal conductivity of the steel layer, the microalloy layer and the copper layer, indicating the thermal conductivity after simply layering the steel layer, the microalloy layer and the copper layer without the presence of recombination between the layers. rate
- 3 ⁇ 4 denotes the thickness of the steel layer, the microalloy layer and the copper layer, respectively.
- the elemental composition of the microalloy layer may be gradiently changed to the steel layer and the copper layer, respectively, and the microalloy layer forms an additional thermal resistance interface for the steel layer and the copper layer, respectively. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the microalloyed layer at room temperature should also be between the thermal conductivity of the steel layer and the copper layer.
- the thickness of the microalloyed layer is thin, for example, about 0.01 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the microalloyed layer may be superimposed on the thickness of the copper layer in actual estimation, and the thermal conductivity of the copper layer may be used in the above formula 3. Estimate.
- Equation 4 a modification of Equation 3.
- the nozzle of the refrigeration valve is processed by a copper-steel bimetal composite material having a three-layer structure as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the steel layer 110 is 304 stainless steel, and the copper layer 130 is TP2 copper.
- the design pressure P of the nozzle is 4.5 MPa, the maximum inner diameter /) ; is 41.5111111, and the allowable stress provided by the 304 stainless steel at the highest service temperature, for example, 130 ° C is 107 ⁇ .
- the minimum wall thickness / ⁇ of the nozzle is 0.90 mm.
- a 1.3 mm thick copper-steel bimetal composite strip can be selected.
- the thickness of the copper layer 130 is about 40 ⁇ ! ⁇ 60 ⁇
- the thickness of the microalloy layer 120 is about ⁇ . ⁇ ! ⁇ 0.14 ⁇ .
- the mold was designed and manufactured. After the 1.3 mm thick three-layered copper-steel bimetal composite material was punched into a round cake of an appropriate size, the round cake was processed into a joint by a plurality of drawing processes using a mold.
- the copper layer 130 will be thinned as it is drawn. For example, in the resulting nozzle, the thickness of the copper layer 130 will be about 30 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thermal conductivity calculated after the above formula 2 is calculated to be about 27 w/(m3 ⁇ 4, and the thermal conductivity estimated based on the above formula 3 is about 31 w/(m3 ⁇ 4. Obviously, the estimated value It is slightly higher than the actual test and calculated value.
- the nozzle is connected to the valve body by welding without silver brazing. Due to the selection of appropriate process parameters, the silver-free brazing has a high welding strength, and the thermal cycle test shows that the layers of the joint profile are firmly bonded. For example, assume that one cycle of the thermal cycle test consists of holding at 300 ° C for 12 minutes and cooling to room temperature by axial cooling with an axial fan for 3 minutes. After 60 cycles, the microstructure of the take-up profile is still free of delamination, ie the layers are still firmly bonded.
- the material can significantly reduce the amount of copper material used, thereby greatly reducing the raw material cost of the refrigeration valve and having greater economical efficiency.
- a copper-steel bimetal composite material having a 5-layer structure as shown in FIG. 2 is used to process the nozzle, wherein the carbon steel layer 230 is 10 carbon steel, and the first copper layer 210 and the second copper layer 250 are TP2 copper.
- the pressure p is designed to take over 4.5MPa, maximum inner diameter £>; of 34.9111111, 10 steel in many maximum temperature, for example at 130 ° C to provide a stress of 118 ⁇ .
- Equation 1 the minimum wall thickness of the take-over? It is 0.79mm.
- a copper-steel bimetal composite strip with a thickness of 1.5 mm can be selected.
- the first copper layer 210 and the second copper layer 250 may each have a thickness of about 40 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m, and the first microalloy layer 220 and the second microalloy layer 240 may each have a thickness of about 0.16 ⁇ m to 0.24 ⁇ m.
- the mold was designed and manufactured. After the 1.1 mm thick five-layer copper-steel bimetal composite material was punched into a round cake of an appropriate size, the round cake was processed into a joint by a plurality of drawing processes using a mold.
- the first copper layer 210 and the second copper layer 250 will be thinned as the drawing progresses.
- the thickness of the first copper layer 210 and the second copper layer 250 will be about 30 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the thermal conductivity measured and calculated based on the above formula 2 is about 76 w / (m
- the thermal conductivity estimated based on the above formula 3 is about 83 w / (m.
- the estimate is slightly higher than the actual test and calculated value. This may be mainly because: During the test, although the laser pulse energy is applied perpendicular to the sample surface (in the thickness direction) to ensure the final majority of heat transfer To the back of the sample, but a small amount of heat is still lost, so that the thermal diffusivity test results are lower than the actual value.
- the nozzle is connected to the valve body by welding without silver brazing. Due to the selection of suitable process parameters, the weld strength after the silver-free brazing is high, and the thermal cycle test also shows that the layers of the take-up profile are firmly bonded. For example, suppose a cycle of a thermal cycle test is included Description
- the minimum thickness of the copper layer is about 2.4 mm, and the amount of copper material used is significantly higher. It can be seen that the use of a copper-steel bimetal composite material having a 5-layer structure as shown in FIG. 2 for processing a refrigeration valve component can significantly reduce the amount of copper material used, thereby greatly reducing the raw material cost of the refrigeration valve and having a large economy. Sex.
- the refrigerating valve component, the refrigerating valve and the manufacturing method thereof based on the multi-layer structure copper-steel bimetal composite material provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the field of mechanical processing and manufacturing of the electrical appliance industry, and is particularly suitable for, for example, an air conditioner.
- the refrigeration system can effectively increase the compressive strength and design pressure of the refrigeration valve without increasing or even reducing the manufacturing cost of the refrigeration valve.
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Abstract
一种制冷阀部件以及包括该制冷阀部件的制冷阀及其制造方法,其中,制冷阀部件为制冷阀的接管(C,D,E,S)或者阀体(27),其由多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料制成,并且该铜钢双金属复合材料包括:第一铜层(130),其与流过所述制冷阀部件的制冷剂接触;钢层(110),其作为所述制冷阀部件的结构支撑;以及基于铜钢的第一微合金层(120),其位于第一铜层(130)与钢层(110)之间。采用多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料制造制冷阀部件,由于引入强度较高、耐蚀性能较优并且受焊接热处理影响较小的钢层材料作为结构支撑,与现有的铜质制冷阀及其部件相比,能够提供更高的耐压强度和耐腐蚀能力,并降低了产品成本。
Description
说 明 书
制冷阀部件、 制冷闽及其制造方法
技术领域
[01] 本发明涉及制冷阀, 具体涉及一种基于多层结构铜钢双金属复合材料 的制冷阀部件、 制冷阀及其制造方法。 背景技术
[02] 空调等制冷系统的制冷阀主要由铜质的阀体和若干接管焊接而成。 一 般来说, 制冷阀还包括阀针、 阀帽、 滑块等零部件, 只是阀体和接管是制冷 阀的主要的承压件。 其中, 阀体可采用例如黄铜锻造加工, 接管则采用例如 铜管加工。 近年来, 在原材料铜价上涨的大背景下, 铜质制冷阀部件普遍存 在薄壁化的趋势, 以减少铜材使用量, 降低产品成本, 但这将导致较大的安 全隐患, 并详细分析如下。
[03] 首先, 通常采用例如含银的铜焊料来焊接阀体和接管。 焊接、 尤其是 炉焊工艺的实施温度较高, 很容易导致制冷阀部件的微观晶粒长大。 然而, 根据材料学中的霍尔佩奇关系式 (Hall Petch relationship) , 材料的平均晶粒 直径增大将导致该材料的屈服强度降低。 因此, 焊接工艺导致制冷阀部件的 微观晶粒长大, 将使得最终制成的制冷阀的强度有可能低于设计强度, 从而 影响制冷系统的运行安全。
[04] 其次,在制冷系统应用环境下,铜质部件还存在一种特殊的腐蚀方式、 即蚁巢腐蚀 (ant nestcorrosion) 0 所谓蚁巢腐蚀, 是指材料的显微结构被破 坏得具有很像蚂蚁在地面以下打的洞的孔洞。 一般来说, 制冷阀加工过程中 残留的挥发油、 清洗剂、 助焊剂等辅料本身不会引起蚁巢腐蚀, 但这些辅料 在通过与氧气接触并水解后会形成低级羧酸, 从而引发蚁巢腐蚀。 蚁巢腐蚀 产生的孔洞将使得铜质部件的实际厚度小于产品设计时的安全厚度, 并且其
说 明 书
中的贯穿孔洞还将直接导致泄漏, 从而影响制冷系统运行寿命及运行安全。 发明内容
[05] 有鉴于此, 本发明要解决的技术问题是, 如何以尽量低的制造成本加 工出满足安全性能要求的制冷阀。
[06]为了解决上述技术问题,根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种制冷阀部件, 该制冷阀部件为制冷阀的接管或者阀体, 由多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料 制成, 并且所述铜钢双金属复合材料包括: 第一铜层, 其将与流过所述制冷 阀部件的制冷剂接触; 钢层, 其为所述制冷阀部件的结构支撑; 以及基于铜 钢的第一微合金层, 其位于所述第一铜层与所述钢层之间。
[07]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述钢层可为不锈钢 或者碳钢。
[08]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述制冷阀部件的端 口处形成有保护层,以避免所述碳钢被腐蚀。在一种可能的具体实现方式中, 所述保护层可优选为铜质保护层, 并且厚度可约为 20μπι~80μπι。
[09]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述铜钢双金属复合 材料还可包括第二铜层以及基于铜钢的第二微合金层, 并且所述第二微合金 层位于所述钢层与所述第二铜层之间。
[10]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述第一铜层和 /或 所述第二铜层可为纯铜或者铜合金, 并且厚度可约为 20μπι~120μπι。
[11]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述第一微合金层可 在所述第一铜层与所述钢层之间呈波浪状延伸;和 /或所述第二微合金层可在 所述第二铜层与所述钢层之间呈波浪状延伸。
[12]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述第一微合金层的 元素成分可分别向所述第一铜层与所述钢层呈梯度变化;和 /或所述第二微合
说 明 书
金层的元素成分可分别向所述第二铜层与所述钢层呈梯度变化。
[13]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述第一微合金层与 所述第二微合金层的元素成分可相对于所述钢层呈中心对称。
[14]对于上述制冷阀部件, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述第一微合金层和 /或所述第二微合金层的厚度可约为 0.01μπι~5μπι。
[15]为了解决上述技术问题, 根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种制冷阀, 该制冷阀包括一个阀体和至少一个接管, 其中所述阀体和所述至少一个接管 中的至少一个部件为如上所述的制冷阀部件。
[16]为了解决上述技术问题, 根据本发明的又一方面, 提供了一种用于制造 上述制冷阀的制造方法, 其包括: 基于所述制冷阀的公称直径、 设计压力和 最高使用温度,计算所述制冷阀部件的最小壁厚;基于所计算出的最小壁厚, 结合估算出的加工变形量,选用厚度适当的如上所述的铜钢双金属复合材料; 利用冲压工艺将所述铜钢双金属复合材料加工成所述制冷阀部件; 以及通过 焊接工艺将所述制冷阀部件与其它制冷阀部件连接成所述制冷阀。
[17]对于上述制造方法, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述冲压工艺包括利用 模具进行的多次拉深工艺。
[18]对于上述制造方法, 在一种可能的实现方式中, 所述焊接工艺包括在隧 道炉内进行的无银钎焊焊接。
[19] 通过引入强度较高、 耐蚀性能较优并且受焊接热处理影响较小的钢层 材料作为结构支撑, 根据本发明提供的制冷阀及其部件, 与现有的铜质制冷 阀及其部件相比, 能够提供更高的耐压强度和设计压力。
[20] 根据下面参考附图对示例性实施例的详细说明, 本发明的其它特征及 方面将变得清楚。 附图说明
说 明 书
[21] 包含在说明书中并且构成说明书的一部分的附图与说明书一起示出了 本发明的示例性实施例、 特征和方面, 并且用于解释本发明的原理。
图 1示出了根据本发明一实施例的制冷阀用铜钢双金属复合材料的结构 示意图;
图 2示出了根据本发明另一实施例的制冷阀用铜钢双金属复合材料的结 构示意图;
图 3示出了利用根据本发明实施例的制冷阀部件加工成的四通换向阀的 示意图。 具体实施方式
[22] 以下将参考附图详细说明本发明的各种示例性实施例、 特征和方面。 附图中相同的附图标记表示功能相同或相似的元件。尽管在附图中示出了实 施例的各种方面, 但是除非特别指出, 不必按比例绘制附图。
[23] 在这里专用的词"示例性 "意为 "用作例子、实施例或说明性"。这里作为
"示例性"所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。
[24] 另外, 为了更好的说明本发明, 在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多 的具体细节。 本领域技术人员应当理解, 没有某些具体细节, 本发明同样可 以实施。 在另外一些实例中, 对于本领域技术人员熟知的方法、 手段、 元件 和电路未作详细描述, 以便于凸显本发明的主旨。
[25] 如背景技术部分所述, 针对铜质制冷阀在焊接后屈服强度不足的问题, 通常通过加大制冷阀部件的管壁厚度来确保制冷阀具有较大的设计压力,但 这明显将增大制造成本。 有鉴于此, 本发明人独创性地想到, 可选用具有多 层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料,来制造包括但不限于阀体和接管等的制冷阀 部件, 并将详细介绍该发明构思如下。
[26] 一方面, 可通过引入强度较高、 耐蚀性能较优并且受焊接热处理影响
说 明 书
较小的钢层材料作为结构支撑, 来提升制冷阀及其部件的设计压力。 其中, 几种常见的钢材料和铜材料在室温、 例如 20 °C下的力学及物理性能可参见 下表 1。
[27] 首先, 如上表 1所示, 包括 304不锈钢、 10碳钢、 316L不锈钢等的钢材 料的抗拉强度, 明显高于包括纯铜和 H62黄铜等的铜材料的抗拉强度。
[28] 其次,针对蚁巢腐蚀的研究表明,蚁巢腐蚀产生的必要条件为铜材料、 腐蚀介质、 水分、 氧气这 4个要素同时存在并且达到一定量, 其中任一要素 的改变即可有效提高材料的耐蚁巢腐蚀。 据此, 由于引入了钢材料, 也即针 对作为引发蚁巢腐蚀的 4要素之一的铜材料进行了改变, 将使得与纯铜质的 材料相比, 多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料具有较优的耐蚁巢腐蚀能力。 并 且, 由于作为结构支撑的钢层材料的存在, 即使铜层材料出现了蚁巢腐蚀, 也几乎不会影响利用多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料制成的制冷阀部件及 制冷阀的整体安全性。
[29] 并且, 根据工业实践经验可知, 不锈钢在低温低酸浓度下的腐蚀速率 极低, 316L不锈钢甚至是目前工业生产中用来制造可直接接触低级羧酸、可 具体为醋酸的设备的最通用材料。 据此, 当作为结构支撑的钢层材料为不锈 钢时,由于不锈钢的耐酸、可具体为耐低级羧酸腐蚀的能力明显高于铜材料, 可进一歩提高多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料的耐蚀能力,从而进一歩有效 降低利用多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料制成的制冷阀部件及制冷阀在运
说 明 书
行中的安全隐患。
[30] 再者, 焊接导致铜质制冷阀部件的微观晶粒长大主要是因为, 焊接温 度、 例如约 1000度。 C高于铜材的再结晶完成温度、 例如约 750°C, 从而使得 铜材在焊接时会变软, 并且铜材的晶粒发生再结晶而导致晶粒长大。 一般来 说,钢材、尤其是不锈钢的再结晶开始温度和结束温度都要高于铜材。因此, 在当前的焊接工艺下, 钢材受焊接热处理的影响较小。
[31] 这样, 由于引入了与铜层材料相比具有较高强度、 耐蚀性能较优并且 受焊接热处理影响较小的钢层材料, 利用包含铜层和钢层的铜钢双金属复合 材料制成的制冷阀及其部件可实现更大的耐压容限, 而耐压容限的提升必将 带来更好的产品安全性。
[32] 另一方面, 还可通过在钢层材料与铜层材料之间引入基于铜钢的微合 金层, 来使得钢层材料与铜层材料之间具有较高的结合强度, 以避免制冷阀 部件在包括但不限于冲压、焊接等的后续加工及后续服役过程中出现分层剥 离现象, 从而进一歩提高所加工成的制冷阀的可靠性。 其中, 微合金层作为 钢层与铜层之间的过渡层, 改善层间结合强度的机制可主要包括以下两点。
[33] 首先, 微合金层的元素成分梯度变化缓解了铜层与钢层的物理属性差 异, 如上表 1所示, 在室温、 例如约 20°C下, 纯铜、 H62黄铜、 304不锈钢、 10碳钢以及 316不锈钢的线胀系数相互不同, 这些膨胀系数之间的差异导致 包含铜层和钢层结合结构的铜钢双金属复合材料在受到较大热应力和 /或机 械应力后容易出现分层剥离现象。引入微合金层作为过渡层来缓解钢层材料 与铜层材料之间的物理属性差异, 能够提高铜层与钢层之间的物理属性相容 性, 从而可有效改善铜层与钢层的层间结合强度。
[34] 其次, 微合金层微观上可具有波浪状结构, 以在对钢层的界面处和对 铜层的界面处均形成钉扎咬合,从而也能够有效提高铜层与钢层的层间结合 强度。
说 明 书
[35] 进一歩, 上述多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料本身将具有较低的热导 率,这使得制冷剂流经利用该多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料制成的制冷阀 时, 能量损耗将显著降低, 从而更节能环保。 其中, 上述多层结构的铜钢双 金属复合材料热导率低的主要原因有以下两点。
[36] 首先, 如上表 1所示, 304不锈钢的室温热导率只有 14w/(m^, 分别为 纯铜的约 1/27和 H62黄铜的约 1/8; 10碳钢的室温热导率稍高, 为 47w/(m-k), 但也分别为纯铜的约 1/8和 H62黄铜的约 1/2。由于钢层材料具有较低的热导率, 且钢层材料在上述多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料中占不可忽视的比例、例 如厚度上占比约 30%~98%, 这可有效降低上述复合材料的热导率。
[37] 其次, 一般来说, 材料内部的界面可以阻热, 这可能是因为: 相似材 料之间的界面使晶界或界面处的声子散射无序, 而非相似材料之间的弹性性 能和密度变化差异抑制了穿越界面的热量的震动能。上述具有多层结构的铜 钢双金属复合材料含有多个界面, 这相当于引入了多个附加的界面热阻, 从 而可以进一歩降低铜钢双金属复合材料的热导率。 因此, 与将铜钢材料简单 叠加的情况相比, 多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料本身将具有更低的热导率、 例如可约为 15w/(m_k:)〜 90w/(m¾。 其中, 所谓简单叠加是指一种假设的理想 状态, 即铜层材料、 微合金层、 钢层材料之间的界面处为理想接触, 层间不 存在附加的界面热阻。
[38] 此外, 需要说明的是, 采用上述多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料制成 的制冷阀部件可用于任意种类的制冷阀。 例如, 可采用上述多层结构的铜钢 双金属复合材料制造图 3所示的四通换向阀的阀体和 /或接管。
[39] 其中, 四通换向阀主要介于由压缩机、 冷凝器、 室内热交换器及室外 热交换器构成的冷媒回路中, 用于进行制冷制热的切换。 如图 3所示, 四通 换向阀主要由电磁线圈、 导阀 3、 主阀 2三大部分组成。 其中, 主阀 2包括一 个圆筒形的阀体 27, 其上有与压缩机排气口相连接的常通接管 D (即为高压
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区), 与压缩机吸气口相连接的中位接管 s (即为低压区), 与室内热交换器 相连接的旁位接管 E,与室外热交换器相连接的旁位接管 C, 阀体两端有端盖 24封固,内部焊接有阀座 21,还有用连杆 26连成一体的滑块 22和一对活塞 25, 阀座和滑块组成一对运动副, 活塞和阀体则组成另一对运动副, 通过活塞将 主阀内腔分隔成左(E侧)、中、右(C侧)三个腔室。导阀 3包括圆形套管 36, 其左端焊接有小阀体 34, 右端焊接有封头 39, 小阀体上侧焊接有与主阀常通 接管 D连接的毛细管 d (因此导阀内腔为高压区),下侧孔中焊接有小阀座 31, 小阀座上开有三个台阶通孔, 并依左向右分别焊接有与主阀左端盖、 中位接 管 S和右端盖连接的毛细管 e/s/c (因此 s为低压区),套管内腔有能够左右滑动 的芯铁 37及弹压在其孔中的回复弹簧 38, 还有通过铆钉连为一体, 然后一起 铆接固定在芯铁孔中的拖动架 32和簧片 35, 拖动架左端有开孔, 下部开有凹 孔的滑碗 33即嵌装在该孔中, 簧片则顶压在滑碗的上部, 它使滑碗下端面紧 贴在小阀座表面上,滑碗可随芯铁 /拖动架组件在小阀座表面上滑动,滑碗与 小阀座组成了一运动副, 其内腔 (即毛细管 s ) 为低压区, 而其背部 (即导 阀内腔)为高压区, 因此滑碗承受着由此而产生的压差力, 运动副的密封主 要由该压差力来实现。
[40] 综上, 通过引入强度较高、 耐蚀性能较优并且受焊接热处理影响较小 的钢层材料作为结构支撑, 根据本发明提供的制冷阀及其部件, 与现有的铜 质制冷阀及其部件相比, 不仅能够提供更高的耐压强度和设计压力, 并且还 因热导率显著降低而更节能、 因减小了铜材料使用量而更经济。
实施例 1
[41]根据本发明的一实施例, 可选用 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料来加工 制冷阀部件。如图 1所示,该 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料包括不锈钢层 110、 微合金层 120以及铜层 130。
[42]其中, 不锈钢层 110作为整个制冷阀部件的结构支撑位于外层。 如上表 1
说 明 书
所示, 不锈钢与铜材料相比具有较高的强度并且受焊接热处理的影响较小, 因此不锈钢层 110作为结构支撑能有效提升制冷阀部件的设计强度、 却无需 增加制冷阀部件的管壁厚度。
[43]并且, 由于不锈钢层 110位于外层, 而非铜层 130直接暴露在空气中, 能 够有效避免制冷阀部件因空气潮湿等环境因素被腐蚀生锈,从而能够保持制 冷阀部件较好的外观和性能。
[44]在一种可能的实现方式中, 通过适当搭配不锈钢层 110内部的镍、 铬、 钼、 硅、 钛等元素成分, 能够使得不锈钢层 110具有较强的耐蚀性能和拉深 能力。 例如, 在一种可能的具体实现方式中, 不锈钢层 110内部的少量元素 成分的比重可分别为镍 7.0%~15.0%、铬 14.0%~22.0%、钼 0~5.0%、硅 0~1.5%、 钛 0~0.8%。
[45]在一种可能的实现方式中, 可根据钢层的强度、 制冷阀部件的管腔内壁 直径以及制冷阀部件的设计压力来确定不锈钢层 110的厚度。 例如, 不锈钢 层 110的厚度可为 0.3mm~5mm。
[46]铜层 130位于内层, 可保证焊接工艺相对于现有技术调整较小。 并且, 由于制冷剂仍是与铜层 130接触, 从而无需考虑制冷剂的兼容性问题。
[47]在一种可能的实现方式中, 铜层 130可选用致密的纯铜或铜合金, 例如 黄铜。 在铜层 130选用铜合金的情况下, 在一种可能的具体实现方式中, 铜 层 130内部的各主要元素成分的比重可分别为铜 60.0%~98.0%、 锌 0~40.0%、 镍 0~30.0%、锰 0~15.0%、铁 0~3.0%等,以使得铜层 130具有较强的加工能力、 耐蚀能力以及制冷剂兼容能力。
[48]在一种可能的实现方式中, 铜层 130的厚度可约为 20μπι~120μπι。 这样, 在应用该 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料加工制冷阀部件时, 可保证焊接工 艺, 又可兼容现有制冷剂。
[49]基于铜钢的微合金层 120位于不锈钢层 110与铜层 130的中间, 主要用以
说 明 书
改善不锈钢层 110与铜层 130的层间结合强度。 如图 1所示, 微合金层 120可在 微观结构上呈波浪状延伸, 以在对不锈钢层 110的界面处以及对铜层 130的界 面处均实现钉扎咬合。 此外, 微合金层 120的元素成分可分别向不锈钢层 110 和铜层 130呈梯度变化, 以有效缓解不锈钢层 110与铜层 130之间的物理属性 差异。
[50]在一种可能的实现方式中, 微合金层 120的厚度约为 0.01μπι~5μπι。
[51]在一种可能的实现方式中, 该 3层结构铜钢双金属复合材料中的不锈钢 层 110的外表面具有较低的表面粗糙度、 例如至少为 V6级, 从而使得利用该 3层结构铜钢双金属复合材料制成的制冷阀部件较为美观。
[52]在一种可能的实现方式中,该 3层结构铜钢双金属复合材料中的铜层 130 的外表面具有较低的表面粗糙度、 例如至少为 V6级, 从而使得制冷剂流经 利用该 3层结构铜钢双金属复合材料制成的制冷阀部件时的流动阻力较小。
实施例 2
[53]根据本发明的另一实施例, 可选用 5层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料来加 工制冷阀部件。 如图 2所示, 该 5层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料包括第一铜层 210、 第一微合金层 220、 碳钢层 230、 第二微合金层 240以及第二铜层 250。 由于碳钢的价格远低于不锈钢, 该 5层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料与上述 3层 结构的铜钢双金属复合材料相比更具成本优势。
[54]其中, 碳钢层 230作为整个制冷阀部件的结构支撑位于中间层。 如上表 1 所示, 碳钢与铜材料相比具有较高的强度并且受焊接热处理的影响较小, 因 此, 碳钢层 230作为结构支撑能有效提升制冷阀部件的设计强度、 却无需增 加制冷阀部件的管壁厚度。
[55]在一种可能的实现方式中, 通过适当搭配碳钢层 230内部的碳、 硅、 锰 等元素成分, 能够使得碳钢层 230具有较强的耐蚀性能和拉深能力。 例如, 在一种可能的具体实现方式中, 碳钢层 230内部的少量元素成分的比重可分
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别为碳 0.01%~0.20%、 硅 0.10%~1.5%、 锰 0.15%~1.0%。
[56]在一种可能的实现方式中, 可根据钢层的强度、 制冷阀部件的管腔内壁 直径以及制冷阀部件的设计压力来确定碳钢层 230的厚度。 例如, 碳钢层 230 的厚度可为 0.3mm~5mm。
[57]与 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料中的微合金层 120类似,第一微合金层 220和第二微合金层 240都是基于铜钢的微合金层, 主要用以改善碳钢层 230 与第一铜层 210以及第二铜层 250的层间结合强度。
[58]如图 2所示, 第一微合金层 220可在微观结构上呈波浪状延伸, 以在对碳 钢层 230的界面处以及对第一铜层 210的界面处均实现钉扎咬合。 以及, 第二 微合金层 240也可在微观结构上呈波浪状延伸, 以在对碳钢层 230的界面处以 及对第二铜层 250的界面处均实现钉扎咬合。
[59]此外, 第一微合金层 220的元素成分分别向第一铜层 210与碳钢层 230呈 梯度变化, 第二微合金层 240的元素成分分别向碳钢层 230与第二铜层 250呈 梯度变化, 以有效缓解铜层与钢层之间的物理属性差异。 在一种可能的实现 方式中, 第一微合金层 220和第二微合金层 240的元素成分可相对于碳钢层 230呈中心对称。
[60]与 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料中的铜层 130类似, 第一铜层 210和第 二铜层 250可分别选用致密的纯铜或铜合金、 例如黄铜。 在选用铜合金的情 况下, 在一种可能的具体实现方式中, 铜合金内部的主要元素成分的比重可 分别为铜 60.0%~98.0%、锌 0~40.0%、镍 0~30.0%、锰 0~15.0%、铁 0~3.0%等, 以使得第一铜层 210和 /或第二铜层 250具有较强的加工能力、耐蚀能力以及制 冷剂兼容能力。
[61]此外, 第二铜层 250位于内层, 可保证焊接工艺相对于现有技术调整较 小。 并且, 由于制冷剂仍是与第二铜层 250接触, 从而无需考虑制冷剂的兼
说 明 书
[62]在一种可能的实现方式中,第一铜层 210以及第二铜层 250的厚度可分别 约为 20μπι~120μπι。这样,在应用该 5层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料加工制冷 阀部件时, 可保证焊接工艺调整幅度较小, 又可兼容现有制冷剂。
[63]在一种可能的实现方式中, 采用上述 5层结构的铜钢双金属材料制成的 制冷阀部件的端口处形成有保护层。 其中, 制冷阀部件的端口可包括用于阀 体与接管连接的内部端口, 以及用于与例如空调等制冷设备的连接管路连接 的外部端口。 通常, 内部端口在制冷阀出厂前已焊接完成, 而外部端口则预 留给制冷设备厂家使用。 在一种可能的具体实现方式中, 可通过包括但不限 于冷喷涂法、 热喷涂法、 喷射沉积法、 离子镀法等的快速沉积法, 在采用 5 层结构的铜钢双金属材料制成的制冷阀部件的端口处形成约 20μπι~80μπι厚 的保护层。 这样, 由于形成有保护层以覆盖端口处裸露的碳钢, 能防止碳钢 的基体随着时间慢慢产生红锈, 从而有效提升制冷阀整体的使用寿命。 在一 种可能的具体实现方式中, 上述保护层优选为铜层, 以不影响当前用于制造 制冷阀产品的焊接工艺实施, 同时使得保护层与制冷阀部件之间的电位差尽 可能小, 从而可有效避免保护层与制冷阀部件之间因电位差导致的电偶腐蚀。
实施例 3
[64]如上所述,本发明提出了采用多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料来加工制 冷阀部件, 其中: 以钢层作为结构支撑, 使得加工成的制冷阀部件的强度远 高于现有的铜质制冷阀部件, 从而可以提供更高的耐压强度和设计压力; 并 且, 以基于铜钢的微合金层作为钢层与铜层之间的过渡层, 有助于改善多层 结构的铜钢双金属复合材料的层间结合强度, 避免出现层间分层剥离现象, 从而可以有效提升最终制成的制冷阀的可靠性。
[65]根据本发明一实施例, 在制冷阀及其部件的设计中, 先需要进行强度设 计, 也就是要根据给定的公称直径、 设计压力和最高使用温度, 设计出合适 的壁厚, 以保障制冷阀及其部件安全可靠地运行, 同时也满足产品的经济性
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要求。 一般来说, 制冷阀的最高使用温度为 130°C, 在强度设计时需要考虑 到材料在最高使用温度下的许用应力。
[66] 由于主要以钢层作为结构支撑, 铜层可不计入强度计算。 并且, 薄壁件 强度设计通常可采用如下的最小壁厚计算公式:
2σαη - \ 2Ρ
[67]其中, A表示最小壁厚, 单位可为 mm (毫米)。 ^表示设计压力, 单位 可为 MPa (兆帕)。 £>;表示内径, 单位可为 mm。 表示许用应力, 单位可为 MPa。 表示熔接系数。 在采用钎焊焊接制冷阀部件、 例如将制冷阀阀体与 至少一个接管部件进行钎焊焊接的情况下,经检査确认钎料渗透到整个接头, 因此熔接系数 可等于 1.0。
[68]需要说明的是,薄壁件强度设计时的最小壁厚公式存在很多变型。例如, 上述公式 1从内径的角度来进行设计, 本领域技术人员应能明白, 也可从外 径的角度进行设计, 并使用从外径的角度进行设计的公式。 一般来说, 无论 使用哪种设计公式, 计算时均需包含安全率。 并且, 虽然计算结果根据所使 用的公式将稍有差别, 但实际差别不大。 因此, 实施本发明时, 最小壁厚公 式应不限于上述公式 1, 本领域技术人员完全可根据实际应用场景以及个人 设计习惯灵活选择现有公知的任一最小壁厚公式。
[69]接下来测量多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料的热导率, 并依此考察该复 合材料相对于铜材的节能性。 假设与制冷剂接触的铜层不存在腐蚀, 并将所 采用的多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料看作均一材料, 则其热导率 A可由如 下的公式 2得出:
Λ = ρ·^ ·α (公式 2 )
[70]其中, Α表示热导率, 单位可为 w/(m 。 p表示密度, 单位可为 g/cm3。 "表示热扩散系数, 单位可为 mm2/s。 Cp表示比热容, 单位可为 J/g.K。
说 明 书
[71 ]在特定厚度的多层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料板材上, 截取直径/) ,.为 10mm的圆片状样品。 首先, 采用例如电子天平等的测量仪器测出该样品的 质量, 结合该样品的体积, 计算出其密度 P。 然后, 采用例如差式扫描量热 仪等的测量仪器测出该样品在室温下的比热容 ς,并采用例如激光法导热分 析仪 (可具体为 Netzsch (耐驰) LFA427 ) 等的测量仪器测定出该样品背部 的半温升曲线, 据此计算获得该样品在室温下的热扩散系数"。 最后, 按照 公式 2计算出该样品在室温下的热导率 A。
[73]其中, Α、 分别表示钢层、 微合金层和铜层的热导率, 表示假 设层与层之间不存在复合而将钢层、 微合金层和铜层简单叠加后的热导率,
¾分别表示钢层、 微合金层和铜层的厚度。
[74]此外,如上所述,微合金层的元素成分可分别向钢层和铜层呈梯度变化, 并且微合金层对钢层和铜层分别形成附加热阻界面。 因此, 微合金层在室温 下的热导率也应介于钢层和铜层的热导率之间。 然而, 考虑到微合金层的厚 度较薄、 例如约为 0.01 μπι~5μπι, 实际估算时可将微合金层的厚度与铜层的 厚度叠加、 并按照铜层的热导率进行上述公式 3中的估算。 换言之, 也可采 用如下作为公式 3的变型的公式 4来更简单便捷地估算该多层结构的铜钢双 金属复合材料的热导率。 < λ < Χ = ^ + ^ +^ < λ, (公式 4 )
L + z2 +
[75]其中, 表示假设层与层之间不存在复合并且微合金层和铜层的热导率 相接近、 而将钢层、 微合金层和铜层简单叠加后的热导率。
说 明 书
应用例 1
[76]采用如图 1所示的 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料加工制冷阀的接管,其 中钢层 110为 304不锈钢、 铜层 130为 TP2铜。 假设该接管的设计压力 P为 4.5MPa, 最大内径/) ;为41.5111111, 304不锈钢在最高使用温度、 例如 130°C下 提供的许用应力 为107^ 。 经公式 1计算, 结合一定的安全率, 该接管的 最小壁厚/ Ϊ为 0.90mm。
[77]基于计算出的最小壁厚 0.90mm, 结合估算的拉深加工的变形量 (减薄 量), 可选用 1.3mm厚的 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合带材。 其中, 铜层 130的 厚度约为 40μπ!〜 60μπι, 微合金层 120的厚度约为 Ο.ΙΙμπ!〜 0.14μπι。
[78]接着, 设计并制造模具。 将该 1.3mm厚的 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材 料冲裁成适当尺寸的圆饼后, 利用模具通过多次拉深工艺将该圆饼加工成接 管。 一般来说, 铜层 130将随着拉深减薄。 例如, 在最终制成的接管中, 铜 层 130的厚度将约为 30μπι~50μπι。对于最终制成的接管,基于上述公式 2测试 后并计算出的热导率约为 27w/(m¾, 而基于上述公式 3估算出的热导率约为 31w/(m¾。 明显可见, 估算值比实际测试并计算出的值稍高。 这可能主要是 因为: 在测试过程中, 尽管激光脉冲能量垂直于试样表面 (沿厚度方向) 施 加, 以确保最终大部分热量传递到试样背面, 但是仍有少部分热量散失掉, 从而使得热扩散系数测试结果比真实值偏低。
[79]此后, 在隧道炉中, 采用无银钎焊将该接管与阀体通过焊接连接起来。 由于选用适当的工艺参数, 该无银钎焊的焊接强度高, 且热循环试验表明接 管剖面的各分层结合牢固。 例如, 假设热循环试验的一个循环包括在 300°C 保温 12分钟, 并通过轴流风扇风冷 3分钟降低到室温。 在 60个循环之后, 该 接管剖面的显微结构仍无分层剥离、 即各分层依然结合牢固。
[80]与之相对比, 若采用 TP2铜管, 则铜层的最小厚度约 2.8mm, 铜材料的 使用量明显高得多。 由此可见, 采用如图 1所示 3层结构的铜钢双金属复合材
说 明 书
料, 可显著减少铜材料的使用量, 从而使得制冷阀的原材料成本大幅降低, 具有较大的经济性。
应用例 2
[81]采用如图 2所示的 5层结构的铜钢双金属复合材料来加工接管,其中碳钢 层 230为 10碳钢,第一铜层 210和第二铜层 250为 TP2铜。假设该接管的设计压 力 p为 4.5MPa, 最大内径 £>;为34.9111111, 10碳钢在最高使用温度、 例如 130°C 下提供的许用应力 为118^ 。 经公式 1计算, 结合一定的安全率, 该接管 的最小壁厚?为 0.79mm。
[82]基于计算出的最小壁厚 0.79mm, 结合估算的拉深加工的变形量 (减薄 量), 可选用 1.1mm厚的 5层结构的铜钢双金属复合带材。其中, 第一铜层 210 以及第二铜层 250的厚度可分别约为 40μπι~60μπι,第一微合金层 220以及第二 微合金层 240的厚度可分别约为 0.16μπι~0.24μπι。
[83]接着, 设计并制造模具。 将该 1.1mm厚的 5层结构的铜钢双金属复合材 料冲裁成适当尺寸的圆饼后, 利用模具通过多次拉深工艺将该圆饼加工成接 管。 一般来说, 第一铜层 210以及第二铜层 250将随着拉深减薄。 例如, 在最 终制成的接管中, 第一铜层 210以及第二铜层 250的厚度将分别约为 30μπι~50μπι。 对于最终制成的接管, 基于上述公式 2测试并计算出的热导率 约为 76w/(m ,而基于上述公式 3估算出的热导率约为 83w/(m 。明显可见, 与应用例 1类似,估算值比实际测试并计算出的值稍高。这可能主要是因为: 在测试过程中, 尽管激光脉冲能量垂直于试样表面(沿厚度方向) 施加, 以 确保最终大部分热量传递到试样背面, 但是仍有少部分热量散失掉, 从而使 得热扩散系数测试结果比真实值偏低。
[84]此后, 在隧道炉中, 采用无银钎焊将该接管与阀体通过焊接连接起来。 由于选用合适的工艺参数, 该无银钎焊实施后焊接强度高, 且热循环试验也 表明接管剖面的各分层结合牢固。 例如, 假设热循环试验的一个循环包括在
说 明 书
300°C保温 12分钟,并通过轴流风扇风冷 3分钟降低到室温。在 60个循环之后, 该接管剖面的显微结构仍无分层剥离、 即各分层依然结合牢固。
[85]与之相对比, 若完全采用 TP2铜管, 则铜层的最小厚度约 2.4mm, 铜材 料的使用量明显高得多。 由此可见, 采用如图 2所示 5层结构的铜钢双金属复 合材料来加工制冷阀部件, 可显著减少铜材料的使用量, 从而使得制冷阀的 原材料成本大幅降低, 具有较大的经济性。
[86] 以上所述, 仅为本发明的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限 于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易 想到变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护 范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
实用性
[87]根据本发明实施例所提供的基于多层结构铜钢双金属复合材料的制冷 阀部件、 制冷阀及其制造方法, 可应用于电器行业机械加工制造领域, 尤其 适用于例如空调等的制冷系统, 能够有效提升制冷阀的耐压强度和设计压力, 却不增加甚至可降低制冷阀的制造成本。
Claims
1、 一种制冷阀部件, 为制冷阀的接管或者阀体, 其特征在于, 由多层 结构的铜钢双金属复合材料制成, 并且所述铜钢双金属复合材料包括:
第一铜层, 其将与流过所述制冷阀部件的制冷剂接触;
钢层, 其为所述制冷阀部件的结构支撑; 以及
基于铜钢的第一微合金层, 其位于所述第一铜层与所述钢层之间。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的制冷阀部件,其特征在于,所述钢层为不锈钢。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述钢层为碳钢。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述制冷阀部件的 端口处形成有保护层。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述保护层为铜质 保护层。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述铜质保护层的 厚度为 20μπ!〜 80μπι。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述 铜钢双金属复合材料还包括第二铜层以及基于铜钢的第二微合金层,并且所 述第二微合金层位于所述钢层与所述第二铜层之间。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述第一铜层和 / 或所述第二铜层为纯铜或者铜合金。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述第一铜层和 / 或所述第二铜层的厚度为 20μπι~120μπι。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于,
所述第一微合金层在所述第一铜层与所述钢层之间呈波浪状延伸; 和 / 或
所述第二微合金层在所述第二铜层与所述钢层之间呈波浪状延伸。
11、 根据权利要求 7所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于,
权 利 要 求 书
所述第一微合金层的元素成分分别向所述第一铜层与所述钢层呈梯度 变化; 和 /或
所述第二微合金层的元素成分分别向所述第而铜层与所述钢层呈梯度 变化。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述第一微合金 层与所述第二微合金层的元素成分相对于所述钢层呈中心对称。
13、 根据权利要求 7所述的制冷阀部件, 其特征在于, 所述第一微合金 层和 /或所述第二微合金层的厚度为 0.01μπι~5μπι。
14、 一种制冷阀, 包括一个阀体和至少一个接管, 其特征在于, 所述阀 体和所述至少一个接管中的至少一个部件为根据权利要求 1至 13中任一项所 述的制冷阀部件。
15、一种制冷阀的制造方法,用于制造根据权利要求 14中所述的制冷闽, 其特征在于, 包括:
基于所述制冷阀的公称直径、设计压力和最高使用温度,计算所述制冷 阀部件的最小壁厚;
基于所计算出的最小壁厚, 结合估算出的加工变形量,选用厚度适当的 铜钢双金属复合材料;
利用冲压工艺将所述铜钢双金属复合材料加工成所述制冷阀部件;以及 通过焊接工艺将所述制冷阀部件与其它制冷阀部件连接成所述制冷阀。
16、根据权利要求 15所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述冲压工艺包括 利用模具进行的多次拉深工艺。
17、根据权利要求 15所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述焊接工艺包括 在隧道炉内进行的无银钎焊焊接。
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