WO2015140761A1 - Accumulateur de chaleur pour générateur de brouillard - Google Patents

Accumulateur de chaleur pour générateur de brouillard Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015140761A1
WO2015140761A1 PCT/IB2015/052043 IB2015052043W WO2015140761A1 WO 2015140761 A1 WO2015140761 A1 WO 2015140761A1 IB 2015052043 W IB2015052043 W IB 2015052043W WO 2015140761 A1 WO2015140761 A1 WO 2015140761A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat accumulator
rods
fog
liquid
accumulator according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/052043
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alfons Vandoninck
Original Assignee
Bandit Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bandit Nv filed Critical Bandit Nv
Priority to PL15720421T priority Critical patent/PL3099997T3/pl
Priority to US15/126,604 priority patent/US10209037B2/en
Priority to DK15720421.5T priority patent/DK3099997T3/en
Priority to ES15720421.5T priority patent/ES2635066T3/es
Priority to CN201580022069.7A priority patent/CN106415188A/zh
Priority to CA2943168A priority patent/CA2943168C/fr
Priority to JP2016559245A priority patent/JP2017510784A/ja
Priority to EP15720421.5A priority patent/EP3099997B1/fr
Publication of WO2015140761A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015140761A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens

Definitions

  • a fog generator for a security application is normally technically based on the principle of vaporizing glycol (the fog liquid).
  • the vaporized fog liquid is emitted into the "area to be fogged" via an outlet channel and a nozzle and there to immediately condense into a dispersed aerosol-like fog under atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
  • This fog takes away the criminal's sight and disorients the criminal.
  • Increasing the temperature of the fog liquid from room to vaporizing temperature requires 0.8 to 1 kJ per ml. (depending on the applied formulation of the fog liquid, among others, the water content).
  • the heat flow to the transfer surfaces of the vaporization channels/passages is mainly provided for via thermal conduction.
  • the inlet of a heat accumulator also known in the technical field as a heat exchanger, is connected to a fog liquid reservoir, whereby this fog liquid is injected into the inlet of the heat accumulator at the desired time (fog emission) by overpressure.
  • This overpressure can be generated by:
  • a mechanical pump and/or potential elastic energy tensioned spring against a piston
  • operating pressure by compressed or liquid (vapour pressure propellant) propellant and/or operating pressure generated by gas as a result of a chemical reaction or chain reaction.
  • a component in which heat (joules) is stored by its heat capacity C eg. steel: ⁇ 0.46J/°C per g
  • heat capacity C eg. steel: ⁇ 0.46J/°C per g
  • possibly latent congelation heat of a phase-transition agent for example, see the heat accumulator described in EP2259004
  • the temperature of the heat accumulator, at least at the outlet, is higher than the boiling point of the fog liquid to be vaporized.
  • the evaporated fog liquid is emitted into the "area to be fogged" via an outlet channel and a nozzle and to immediately condense into a dispersed aerosol-like fog under atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
  • the fog generation capacity (debit ml/sec) of a heat accumulator strongly depends on the fog liquid supply pressure offered at its inlet and its design.
  • the heat accumulator is provided with a channel or a few channels that is/are kept at high temperature (Fig. 1).
  • the fog liquid is vaporized by driving it through the hot channel. The speed of the fog formation is naturally crucial for fog generators for security applications.
  • a fog generator is represented in PCT/EP2013/078112, in which a fog liquid is ejected by means of the gas generation out of a pyrotechnic substance.
  • the fog liquid can also be driven out by a compressed/liquid propellant under high pressure (eg. 80 bar).
  • high pressure eg. 80 bar
  • PCT/EP2013/0781 12 offers a solution thereto by offering a plate heat accumulator with labyrinth-design (Fig. 2), this development facilitates quick heat transfer but also forms a relatively large dynamic resistant (due to the relatively long route to be covered by the liquid to be vaporized) .
  • a pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of the heat accumulator of 50 bar is to be expected in case of a debit of 100 ml fog liquid per second.
  • this pressure drop is not that problematic, because of the initial high pressure (80 bar and higher), this heat accumulator has a few further disadvantages.
  • the heat accumulator is cumbersome to produce.
  • the plates have to be pre-formed and welded to each other individually.
  • the heat accumulator for vaporizing fog liquid in a fog generator comprises multiple closely contiguous, densely (closely) stacked, parallel oriented round rods.
  • the diameter of the rods is preferably between 0.2 mm and 15.0 mm.
  • the rods have a diameter of between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, especially between 0.5 mm and 3.0 mm.
  • to rods comprise a massive metal core, such as steel, iron, copper, aluminium, or metal alloys.
  • the rods in a further embodiment, at least partially consist of a corrosion-resistant material. Corrosion, for example, can be avoided by applying a corrosion-resistant layer to steel or copper rods, or the rods can partially or entirely consist of stainless steel or ceramic- or carbon-comprising materials, in particular stainless steel.
  • the rods may also consist of relatively thick-walled (hollow) tubes, wherein the passage section (inner section) of the tube is small, preferably equal to or smaller than the passage section (A of Fig. 7) of an optimal channel formed by a hexagonal stacking of the tubes and corresponding with the opening between 3 perfectly stacked rods. If the inner sections of the tubes are big, for example, bigger than the passage section of an optimal channel, these internal hollows in the tubes may become constricted/suppressed by beads, as explained elsewhere in the application.
  • the rods are preferably not hollow.
  • the rods are located in a container and the internal volume of the container is filled with rods for more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, preferably more than 75%, and more in particular more than 80%.
  • the heat accumulator according to the invention comprises a distribution agent.
  • the distribution agent divides/distributes the fog liquid over the section close to the inlet of the heat accumulator. Any distribution agent may be used.
  • the entrance of the heat accumulator can be designed such that the incoming liquid is distributed over multiple channels and/or there can be a distribution disc wherein holes ensure a uniform distribution. It is also possible to, for example, provide a layer of pearls through which the fog liquid is distributed and, in this way, flows between the rods in a more homogeneous manner.
  • the collection means can help to collect all the gas that formed, for example, in a single outlet channel in the heat accumulator.
  • the heat accumulator according to the invention comprises inert beads around and/or amongst the rods.
  • the inert beads may be made of any material, as long as it is compatible with the pressure and temperature in the heat accumulator and with the contact with the fog liquid.
  • they can be made of thermo resistant plastic or ceramic or carbon containing materials, or of materials that contribute more to the heat capacity of the heat accumulator, such as, for example, metal.
  • they consist of corrosion-resistant metal, such as stainless steel.
  • the average diameter of the beads is larger than 0.16 times the diameter of the rods.
  • the current invention also provides a method to generate a dense, opaque fog, the method comprising the following steps: - heating the heat accumulator according to one of the previous claims;
  • the current invention also provides a fog generator comprising a reservoir that comprises a fog generating liquid and a heat accumulator according to one of the embodiments of he current invention.
  • the reservoir for the fog generating liquid can be incorporated in the fog generator either as replaceable or as irreplaceable.
  • the current invention provides for a heat accumulator as described herein in combination with a reservoir for fog liquid as described in the European patent application with application number EP14163988, filed on 9 April 2014.
  • the current invention also provides the embodiments of the invention described in said European application, in which the heat accumulator according to the current application is used instead of the generically referred-to heat accumulator in EP14163988 (in that application referred to as a heat exchanger).
  • the inventor actually discovered that such a reservoir in combination with the heat accumulator according to the invention works synergistically.
  • the fog liquid is in contact with a gas, e.g., a propellant.
  • the propellant is partially dissolved in and/or mixed with the fog liquid.
  • the turbulence is increased by the expansion of these gas bubbles in the heat accumulator. This is viewed as beneficial in the prior art in order to increase the contact with known heat accumulators and, as such, to obtain a better fog outflow.
  • the inventor discovered that such fog liquid with dissolved and/or mixed gas bubbles does not have a positive effect on the fog outflow obtained with a fog generator according to this invention.
  • the fog outflow with the heat accumulator according to the invention actually improves by separating the fog liquid from the propellant, for example, by using a movable wall, such as a piston, in the reservoir comprising the fog liquid, as described in EP14163988.
  • a movable wall such as a piston
  • the current invention therefore offers a heat accumulator in combination with a reservoir comprising a fog-generating liquid on a first side of a movable wall and a propellant on a second side of a movable wall.
  • the invention also comprises a housing and/or a fog generator comprising such a combination and the use of such a combination/housing/fog generator for the uses and methods discussed in this application.
  • Fig. 1 Prior art fog generator (described in EP 1985962)
  • Fig. 2 Improved fog generator described in PCT/EP2013/078112 (not prior art)
  • Fig. 3 Fog generator according to the invention: cross-section parallel to the rods
  • Fig. 4 Fog generator according to the invention: cross-section perpendicular to the rods
  • Fig. 5 Fog generator according to the invention: detail of cross-section perpendicular to the rods
  • Fig. 6 Detail of cross-section of optimally stacked rods
  • a prior art fog generator comprises (Fig. 1) a reservoir (A) comprising the fog-generating liquid (B). This liquid is driven, for example by a pump or propellant (C), to a heat accumulator (D) that comprises (a) channel(s) (E) surrounded by thermal retention material heated by a heating element (F). This liquid is converted into its gaseous phase when flowing through the channel(s). When the gas is ejected, a dense fog is formed due to its subsequent condensation in the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 2 An improved heat accumulator, which can better deal with the higher debit in fog liquid vaporization, is represented in Fig. 2 (PCT/EP2013/078112).
  • This also comprises a reservoir (A) with fog generating liquid (B). This is driven by gas generated after the ignition of a pyrotechnic substance (H).
  • the heat accumulator (D) comprises multiple stacked plates (G). The plates have a passage (I). The connected stacking of these passages makes the fog liquid follow a "labyrinth path". As such, the liquid comes extensively into contact with practically the entire surface of the hot plates and, in this way, is converted into its gaseous form.
  • the heat accumulator from PCT/EP2013/0781 12 is characterised by the following data: approximately 70% of the internal space is filled with the plates (193 ml plates in respect of 82 ml free volume) and there is a touching surface between the plates and the liquid flowing through of approximately 1 1 dm 2 (surface available for heat exchange).
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show a certain embodiment of the heat accumulator according to the invention (1 ).
  • the heat accumulator comprises multiple closely contiguous, parallel oriented rods (2).
  • the fog liquid enters the heat accumulator via the inlet (3) and flows through the rods, due to which it is heated and converted into the gaseous phase.
  • the gas leaves the heat accumulator via the outlet (4).
  • There is a distribution agent (5) at the inlet in this case a terminal plate in the form of braided mesh (5a) (woven mesh).
  • collection means (6) at the outlet here comprising a layer of braided mesh (6a) and a collection plate (6b), which combines multiple channels into a single outlet channel.
  • the outer surface of the rods is approximately 71 dm 2 (surface available for heat exchange).
  • the container with an internal volume of 288 ml is then filled up 247 ml (83.5%) with rods and there is remaining free volume of 41 ml (16.5%).
  • the total weight of the heat accumulator can, in this way, be limited, inclusive of rods (1925 g), bottom (270 g), cover and disks (252 g) and container (850 g) to only about three kilogram and this with a minimal total volume.
  • the heat accumulator is preferably cylindrical, as this form is optimal in respect of thermal isolation and pressure resistance.
  • the rods are preferably hexagonally stacked. More in particular, the rods are straight rods in a parallel orientation. A least 7 rods are required for hexagonal stacking, but at least 20 rods are preferably used. These quantities are needed to obtain a high density (herein also referred to as stacking density or filling percentage). In a particular embodiment, at least 100, more particularly 200 and in especially at least 500 rods are used.
  • a solution against non-optimal channels is filling up these non-optimal channels by inserting rods with a suitable diameter (Apollonian packing).
  • a suitable diameter Adgen packing
  • Another way is to shape the inner wall of the cylinder (container) along the longitudinal direction (eg. extruded tube) in such a way that the hexagonally stacked rods fit with their stacking pattern to this wall.
  • longitudinal protuberances, cavities or polygon ribs may be provided to which to rods can closely connect.
  • the wall is preferably implemented as such that the section of a channel that is formed between the wall and the adjacent stacked rods is always smaller than or equal to the section A (Fig. 7) of an optimal channel (a channel formed between 3 perfectly stacked rods).
  • the heat accumulator according to this invention can be improved further very simply and cheaply.
  • Inert beads can be introduced after the rods have been introduced, as compactly as possible, into the container in the heat accumulator. They preferably have a diameter that is so large that they cannot end up between perfectly stacked rods (with optimal channels between them), but can in the areas where there is no perfect stacking (the so-called "non-optimal channels", 7).
  • Optimal channels in this application refers to channels that are formed by three rods. Non-perfect channels are formed by at least four rods or are partly formed by the inner wall of the cylinder (wall); these are described as “non-optimal channels” in this application.
  • An especially practical method for producing a heat accumulator according to the invention is to disseminate beads on top of the rods after introducing them in the container (e.g. a cylindrical tube (9) as shown in Fig. 3 and 4). By, for example, vibrating it entirely, the beads will fall into all the spaces where they fit in (the inscribed circle within the non-optimal channels). It was established that only about six grams of beads with a diameter of 0.3 mm are required for a kilogram of rods with a diameter 1.4 mm. Moreover, by disseminating an abundance of beads, a layer of beads is created on top of the rods (5b). These can be removed, but can also be used as distribution agent.
  • a preferred embodiment of the heat accumulator according to the invention also comprises a filter agent; this to prevent the beads from flowing out of the container.
  • a filter agent can be located in close proximity of the inlet and/or the outlet.
  • the filter agent can be the same as or different to the distribution agent.
  • An example is using braided mesh (5a and 6a) at the top and bottom of the container.
  • the diameter of the inscribed circle ( 0) between the three perfectly stacked rods can be calculated as follows.
  • the sum of the radius of the inscribed circle (r2) and the radius of the rod (r1) forms the hypotenuse (c) in a rectangular triangle with a rectangular side that is the radius of the rod (Fig. 6).
  • the angle between this hypotenuse (c) and the rectangular side (b), within a hexagonal stacking, is always 30°.
  • the hypotenuse (c) then has a length of b/cos(30°).
  • r1/(r1 + r2) cos(30°)
  • r2 is r1*(1/cos(30°) -1 ).
  • the ratio between the radius of the rods (r1) and the radius of the inscribed circle (r2) is approximately 1 to 0.1547; this ratio of course also applies to the diameters and the inscribed circle. Beads with a minimum diameter of more than 0.16 times the diameter of the rods are therefore used in a preferred embodiment. Thereby, the optimal channels (spaces between the optimally stacked rods) are not filled with the beads, but the beads actually occupy the non-optimal channels (channels with an inscribed circle that is larger than the diameter of the beads).
  • the design choice with regard to the diameter of the rods corresponds with a proportional minimal diameter of the filler beads .
  • the invention therefore allows for setting the channel parameters accurately in a very simple way.
  • beads are used with a diameter between 0.16 and 0.7 mm, in particular between 0.16 and 0.5, and more in particular between 0.16 and 0.3 times the diameter of the rods.
  • the section of an optimal channel, located between the three rods with the same diameter, can be calculated by reducing the area of the triangle from Fig. 6 with half of the area of the section of the rods. Therefore, the section A is (see Fig 7):
  • the beads can be made from a material that contributes or doesn't contribute to the heat capacity of the heat accumulator.
  • the material of the beads is preferably a material that contributes to the heat capacity, such a metal beads.
  • the beads can be of any shape, but are substantially spherical in a particular embodiment.
  • the beads preferably comprise, at least partially, a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the beads comprise stainless steel in a particular embodiment.
  • the beads comprise a metal core surrounded by a corrosion-resistant layer.
  • the heat accumulator according to this invention is very simple to produce and does not require any welding of the material that takes care of the heat storage and transfer. Moreover, it can be produced cheaply with a good corrosion resistance.
  • Stainless steel coil material can, for example, be used for producing the rods. This material is easy to use and cheap and it can simply be cut to the desired length. Very little material is required (a few gram per heat accumulator) if beads are used. Moreover, stainless steel beads of 0.3 mm are very cheap to procure.
  • the heat accumulator allows for a particularly fast vaporization of an injected quantity of fog liquid under very high pressure thanks to its large heat exchange surface in relation to its weight and occupied volume .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un accumulateur de chaleur (1) pour vaporiser du brouillard liquide dans un générateur de brouillard, l'accumulateur de chaleur comprenant de multiples tiges orientées parallèles étroitement contiguës, (2) avec un diamètre compris entre 0,2 mm et 15 mm.
PCT/IB2015/052043 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 Accumulateur de chaleur pour générateur de brouillard WO2015140761A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15720421T PL3099997T3 (pl) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 Akumulator ciepła do wytwornicy mgły
US15/126,604 US10209037B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 Heat accumulator for fog generator
DK15720421.5T DK3099997T3 (en) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 HEAT ACCUMULATOR FOR TRAIN GENERATOR
ES15720421.5T ES2635066T3 (es) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 Acumulador de calor para generador de niebla
CN201580022069.7A CN106415188A (zh) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 用于雾发生器的蓄热器
CA2943168A CA2943168C (fr) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 Accumulateur de chaleur pour generateur de brouillard
JP2016559245A JP2017510784A (ja) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 煙霧機用の蓄熱器
EP15720421.5A EP3099997B1 (fr) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 Accumulateur de chaleur pour générateur de brouillard

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2014000194 2014-03-21
BE2014/0194 2014-03-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015140761A1 true WO2015140761A1 (fr) 2015-09-24

Family

ID=54143827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2015/052043 WO2015140761A1 (fr) 2014-03-21 2015-03-20 Accumulateur de chaleur pour générateur de brouillard

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2635066T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015140761A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423859A (en) * 1943-12-10 1947-07-15 Joseph W Van Karner Smoke producing device
DE2810336A1 (de) * 1978-03-10 1979-09-13 Nico Pyrotechnik Rauch-, nebelkoerper o.dgl.
WO2003001140A1 (fr) * 2001-06-22 2003-01-03 Bandit Dispositif de pulverisation
EP1985962A1 (fr) 2007-04-27 2008-10-29 Bandit NV Générateur de brouillard
EP2259004A1 (fr) 2009-06-02 2010-12-08 Bandit NV Générateur de brouillard doté d'un échangeur de chaleur amélioré

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423859A (en) * 1943-12-10 1947-07-15 Joseph W Van Karner Smoke producing device
DE2810336A1 (de) * 1978-03-10 1979-09-13 Nico Pyrotechnik Rauch-, nebelkoerper o.dgl.
WO2003001140A1 (fr) * 2001-06-22 2003-01-03 Bandit Dispositif de pulverisation
EP1985962A1 (fr) 2007-04-27 2008-10-29 Bandit NV Générateur de brouillard
EP2259004A1 (fr) 2009-06-02 2010-12-08 Bandit NV Générateur de brouillard doté d'un échangeur de chaleur amélioré

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2635066T3 (es) 2017-10-02

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