WO2015136130A1 - Procedimiento para la extracción de compuestos de la uva mediante ultrasonidos en procesos de vinificación - Google Patents
Procedimiento para la extracción de compuestos de la uva mediante ultrasonidos en procesos de vinificación Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015136130A1 WO2015136130A1 PCT/ES2015/070130 ES2015070130W WO2015136130A1 WO 2015136130 A1 WO2015136130 A1 WO 2015136130A1 ES 2015070130 W ES2015070130 W ES 2015070130W WO 2015136130 A1 WO2015136130 A1 WO 2015136130A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- grape
- compounds
- extraction
- ultrasound
- ultrasonic
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/09—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, purée, sauce, or products made therefrom, e.g. snacks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/32—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using phonon wave energy, e.g. sound or ultrasonic waves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
- C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
- C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
- C12G1/0216—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation with recirculation of the must for pomage extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/08—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by methods for altering the composition of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages not provided for in groups C12G3/02 - C12G3/07
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/04—Colour
- A23V2200/044—Colouring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2300/00—Processes
- A23V2300/48—Ultrasonic treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0879—Solid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/192—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor polygonal
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a process, a module and an equipment for the extraction of grape compounds by means of ultrasound in the vinification processes.
- the invention relates to the transfer of the phenolic compounds responsible for the color from the skin to the liquid part (must) after the grape crushing using a method and equipment based on ultrasonic generation.
- the invention relates to the generation, thanks to the use of ultrasound, of the phenomenon known as cavitation, which allows the breakage of the skin cells and makes available to the liquid medium the phenolic compounds responsible for color so that they are integrated in said liquid medium enhancing the color of the wine.
- the color of the wines is one of the organoleptic parameters most valued by the consumer since it gives information about its vinification, evolution and the defects that it may present. With the passage of time and due to oxidation processes, white wines evolve towards more muted shades such as golden yellows. The same happens in rosé and red wines, the vividness of its colors diminishes with the passage of time.
- Flavonoids anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, flavononoles and flavones. Of all of them are the anthocyanins and the pigments derived from them, produced by copigmentation or condensation processes, the compounds that most influence the coloration of the red and rosé wines giving rise to orange, red, violet or blue colorations.
- the transfer of the phenolic compounds responsible for the color from the skin to the liquid phase (must) after a crushing process is closely related to the raw material and the vinification techniques employed and decisively influences the variety, the degree of Maturation and size of the grape.
- Flash-expansion consists in subjecting the squeezed grape (grape paste) produced at temperatures up to 90 e C to be subsequently placed under vacuum. This together with a rapid cooling (from 90 e C to 30 e C in 1 second approx.) Causes a disorganization of the grape tissues causing the transfer of compounds to the must. Flash equipment is very expensive in addition to the energy costs involved in the production of heat and cold. Organoleptically, the loss of aromas is a reality. As a result of the warming appear cooked aromas due to an increase in compounds such as hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), among others.
- HMF hydroxymethylfurfural
- Thermovinification consists of heating whole or processed clusters before alcoholic fermentation to extract their full polyphenolic potential. Once the harvest has been subjected to high temperatures, the color will continue to be extracted during the alcoholic fermentation, since the skins will continue in contact with the must-wine. Like the prior art, “thermovinification” is a continuous process, increases yield in red wine harvests and saves on deposit capacity.
- thermovinification In general, wines made by thermovinification are intended for mixing with wines of better organoleptic quality but have a lower coloring intensity. They are wines where herbaceous aromas appear, burned, without freshness and very aggressive. The necessary economic investment is high.
- the destemmed and crushed grapes are subjected for long periods of time, about 10 days, at a temperature of 5 to 10 e C.
- the skins will slowly transmit the phenolic compounds.
- the disadvantages of this technique are that it is not a continuous process, where the cooled harvest is stored for a while before being fermented. For this, it is necessary that the warehouses be designed in such a way that they can store large volumes of both raw material and product in preparation.
- patent application WO 2008/074072 describes an extraction process in which the product to be treated flows around a sonotrode that emits high-energy and low-frequency ultrasound waves (LFHP-US).
- the sonotrode is immersed in said product to be treated and has a reflector.
- the use of low frequency / high energy ultrasound is combined with the heating of the product being treated for component extraction.
- the procedure used for the color extraction of red table grapes is described, which does not constitute a winemaking process, since the vinification of table grapes is absolutely prohibited, as reflected in REGULATION (EC) N and 479/2008 oF tHE COUNCIL of 29 April 2008 on the common organization of the market in wine.
- patent application WO 2006/09941 1 describes a process for extracting oil from citrus peels, in which the product to be processed (mixture of citrus peels and water) flows around a sonotrode immersed in said product, which emits high-energy ultrasonic waves.
- the Russian patent RU 2 104 733 C1 also includes the possibility of extracting solid materials from vegetable raw materials dissolved in ethanol, by using a sonotrode immersed in said alcoholic solution.
- These vegetable raw materials are: ginseng, flowers and fruits of hawthorn, hypericum and leonuri steelworks.
- HMF Hydroxymethylfurfural
- Renal organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 measure the cellular accumulation of 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural, a reactive, nephrotoxic metabolite of the Maillard product 5- ydroxymet ylfurfural. Biochem Pharmacol 2009, 78, 414-419.
- HMF is the initiator and promoter of colon cancer, nephrotoxic processes and chromosomal aberrations. However, the greatest concern about the risk of this molecule is associated with the conversion of HMF to SMF (5-Sulfoximethylfurfural), due to its mutagenic nature (EFSA, 2005.
- Another object of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art.
- transducers used in the procedure and installed in the module and in the equipment are of the "plate” type, also called sonoplatos, more specifically, piezoceramic or magnetostrictive sonoplates, depending on the desired application, since the magnetostrictive have a power coefficient / area larger than piezoceramics.
- the plate-type transducers are coupled to the duct by the outside of it, so they are not in direct contact with the raw material to be treated.
- the transducers in plate or sonoplatos differ from the transducers in bar or sonotrodos for having a greater performance, of the order of 95%.
- sonotrodes are less effective by lowering yields to 80%.
- sonoplates produce less heat energy than sonotrode, so the sonoplate components suffer less, being more robust in industrial applications.
- Each sonoplate can develop a power that will vary from 100 to 5,000 W.
- the number of sonoplates per module will vary to achieve an energy intensity or power density between 0.1 W / cm 3 - 500 W / cm 3 'preferably between 0, 15 W / cm 3 to 200 W / cm 3 .
- the wavelength of the ultrasound will vary between 1 - 100 ⁇ .
- the sonoplatos are arranged in modules.
- the powers developed by ultrasound module are between 2 kW - 10 kW, developing a power density that can vary between 0.1 W / cm 3 - 500 W / cm 3 , preferably between 0.15 W / cm 3 to 200 W / cm 3 .
- the length of each ultrasonic module will vary depending on the volume to be processed, varying between 0.8 meters to 10 meters.
- Each ultrasonic module is composed of at least one sonoplate, at least one generator responsible for receiving the electrical energy and transmitting it to the sonoplate where it is transformed into vibrating mechanical energy, which is transmitted to the crushed grape, of a polygonal pipe narrowed in its ends, through which crushed grape circulates and in which the sonoplates and a structure that surrounds the pipe are coupled, acting as protection and soundproofing.
- the ultrasonic equipment is formed by at least one ultrasonic module, pump, valves, solenoid valves, connections and all the necessary material to establish a closed circuit between the tank that stores crushed grapes and the ultrasonic equipment.
- the control of the different components of the equipment can be carried out through a control panel “control panel” or “PLC computer”, and the operation can be carried out in manual or automatic mode.
- the present invention uses low frequencies to produce more efficient extraction.
- the working frequency range is between 15 and 35 kHz, preferably between 20 and 30 kHz; more preferably, between 22 kHz, and 25 kHz.
- the extraction of the grape compounds mainly those that give the color to the must / wine, is extracted dynamically by passing a variable flow rate, between 1,000 and 50,000 l / h of crushed grapes through the ultrasonic equipment. To control effectively the flow to which the crushed grape flows, at the end of the equipment a flowmeter can be installed.
- the liquid fraction is very important, it will depend on that the cavitation process is carried out correctly. Cavitation consists in the systematic production of small bubbles that tend to collide with each other and release their energy. This aggressive collision of the bubbles together with the associated implosion process, generate the wear of the skin of the skin that contains the phenolic compounds, passing these to the liquid fraction. Due to the cavitation process, there is an increase in the temperature of the crushed grape being treated. With the use of plate-type transducers, the process temperature does not rise above 50 e C to avoid the formation of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).
- HMF Hydroxymethylfurfural
- the installation of plate-type transducers decreases the production of heat energy because 95% of the electrical energy received by the transducer is transformed into acoustic energy, only the remaining 5% is transformed into heat. Therefore, the heat produced during the treatment is the sum of the heat energy released during cavitation plus 5% of heat produced directly by the sonoplate. In the case of bar or sonotrode type transducers, the heat production is higher because only 80% of the electrical energy is transformed into acoustic energy, the remaining 20% is transformed into heat.
- the heat produced by the cavitation plus the heat generated by the sonotrode itself has an impact on its performance, so that the generator that supplies the transducer with electrical energy before an increase of temperature, as a safety measure, decreases the power, which translates into a decrease in the production of ultrasonic waves, and therefore, a less effective cavitation.
- Figure 1 Block diagram of a winemaking process according to the invention
- Figure 2 General scheme of an ultrasonic equipment according to the invention
- Figure 3 Sonoplate used in the procedure and equipment according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 Ultrasound module according to the invention.
- Figure 5 Section of an ultrasonic module according to the invention.
- a winemaking process begins with the reception of the grape and its subsequent crushing, and the stripping can be carried out simultaneously with the crushing.
- the crushed grape passes to a warehouse or warehouse of the product being treated. Deposit that allows in addition to said storage, the operation in recirculation of the paste. From the tank, the paste passes to the treatment for color extraction by ultrasound (cavitation).
- the paste treated with ultrasound is subjected to a pressing for the separation between the liquid and solid phases, the liquid phase (must) being fermented and the solid phase (pomace) that can be used as waste is obtained. to obtain related products.
- fig. 2 a general scheme of an ultrasonic device according to the invention is shown, which begins with the pumping from the tank or warehouse of the product being treated. Then, and optionally, the paste can pass through a crusher or go directly to the ultrasonic treatment area, the flow being controlled by a flowmeter and, optionally, cooling the sui paste is necessary.
- the different parts of the ultrasonic equipment can be controlled by a PLC type process control or similar.
- the dish-type transducers or sonoplates 1 are of the piezoceramic type. They are represented in fig. 3.
- the sonoplates are connected to each other and to the generator, through terminals 2.
- the ceramics that make up the piezoceramic type transducer have the piezoelectric effect when their surfaces are deformed by applying an electric current producing the acoustic wave.
- magnetostrictive type transducers are characterized by being composed of ferromagnetic materials; if the magnetization of a material of this type is varied, the corresponding mechanical deformation develops, and with it, the production of the acoustic wave.
- the plate-type transducers are welded to the hexagonal stainless pipe, but are not in direct contact with the raw material to be treated.
- Each ultrasonic module 3 is composed of at least one sonoplate 1, at least one generator responsible for receiving electrical energy and transmitting it to the sonoplate where it is transformed into vibrating mechanical energy, which is transmitted to the crushed grape, of a hexagonal pipe narrowed at its ends, through which the crushed grape (paste) circulates and in which the sonoplates and a structure that surrounds the pipe are coupled, acting as protection and soundproofing.
- the number of sonoplates 1 per module 3 is four on each side of the polygon, that is, twenty-four sonoplates 1 per module 3.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Machine Translation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15711242.6A EP3117899B1 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Method for extracting compounds from grapes by ultrasounds |
EA201600650A EA035086B1 (ru) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Применение ультразвука в процессе изготовления вина |
NZ724287A NZ724287A (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Application of ultrasound in vinification processes |
EP19150150.1A EP3485970B1 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Ultrasound equipment and use thereof for extraction of compounds from grapes in vinification processes |
AU2015228727A AU2015228727B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Use of ultrasound in wine-making processes |
US15/122,810 US11052371B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Application of ultrasound in vinification processes |
US15/946,235 US11045782B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2018-04-05 | Application of ultrasound in vinification processes |
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ESP201430342 | 2014-03-13 | ||
ES201430342A ES2478190B2 (es) | 2014-03-13 | 2014-03-13 | Aplicación de ultrasonidos en procesos de vinificación |
Related Child Applications (2)
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US15/122,810 A-371-Of-International US11052371B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Application of ultrasound in vinification processes |
US15/946,235 Division US11045782B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2018-04-05 | Application of ultrasound in vinification processes |
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WO2015136130A1 true WO2015136130A1 (es) | 2015-09-17 |
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PCT/ES2015/070130 WO2015136130A1 (es) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-02-25 | Procedimiento para la extracción de compuestos de la uva mediante ultrasonidos en procesos de vinificación |
Country Status (10)
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US (2) | US11052371B2 (es) |
EP (2) | EP3485970B1 (es) |
AR (2) | AR099606A1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2015228727B2 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2016002211A1 (es) |
EA (1) | EA035086B1 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2478190B2 (es) |
NZ (1) | NZ724287A (es) |
PT (2) | PT3485970T (es) |
WO (1) | WO2015136130A1 (es) |
Cited By (2)
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ES2970845A1 (es) * | 2024-02-08 | 2024-05-30 | Productos Agrovin S A | Equipo y metodo de crianza de bebidas alcoholicas por ultrasonidos, y bebida alcoholica de crianza obtenida |
Families Citing this family (2)
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US20210321648A1 (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-21 | John Martin | Acoustic treatment of fermented food products |
GB2607104B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-06-14 | Redlayer Ltd | Beverage processing method and apparatus. |
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Cited By (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR3051101A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-17 | Kelzyd | Module d'extraction de jus de fruits et vegetaux par ultrasons, et systeme comprenant un tel module. |
ES2970845A1 (es) * | 2024-02-08 | 2024-05-30 | Productos Agrovin S A | Equipo y metodo de crianza de bebidas alcoholicas por ultrasonidos, y bebida alcoholica de crianza obtenida |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3117899B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
AR117907A2 (es) | 2021-09-01 |
US11045782B2 (en) | 2021-06-29 |
US11052371B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
NZ761168A (en) | 2021-10-29 |
US20180221848A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
EP3485970B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
NZ724287A (en) | 2020-03-27 |
EP3485970A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
ES2869891T3 (es) | 2021-12-21 |
AU2015228727B2 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
AU2015228727A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
EA035086B1 (ru) | 2020-04-27 |
ES2478190B2 (es) | 2015-01-28 |
EP3117899A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
PT3485970T (pt) | 2021-02-25 |
AR099606A1 (es) | 2016-08-03 |
CL2016002211A1 (es) | 2017-04-28 |
US20170065960A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
PT3117899T (pt) | 2019-05-30 |
EA201600650A1 (ru) | 2017-06-30 |
ES2478190A1 (es) | 2014-07-18 |
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