WO2015127699A1

WO2015127699A1 - High-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2015127699A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/073735
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王肇嘉; 李春萍; 刘宗武; 杨飞华; 何光明; 蔡文涛; 黄乐
Original assignee: 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司; 北京金泰集团有限公司机械分公司
Priority date: 2014-02-25
Filing date: 2014-03-20
Publication date: 2015-09-03
Also published as: CN103805217B; CN103805217A

Abstract

Disclosed are a high-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and a method therefor. The system comprises a heating decomposition device, a gas collection and treatment system and an automatic electrical control system, wherein the heating decomposition device comprises a pyrolysis furnace comprising a furnace body, the furnace body is connected to a material storage bin, a pyrolysis gas produced from the materials is conveyed to the gas collection and treatment system, one end of the furnace body is a material discharge outlet which is provided with a first openable and closable sealing device, and a propelling device for pushing a material boat from the material storage bin into the furnace body is provided outside of the other end of the material storage bin. The present invention not only can prevent the introduction of ambient air, but also can rapidly increase the temperature of the experimental materials from normal temperature to a preset temperature, and rapidly and sufficiently discharge the pyrolysis gas required by the experiment at the preset temperature, thus reducing the operation difficulty of the experiment and improving the accuracy and reliability of data acquisition. The unique advantages especially in the aspects of large experimental capacity, high experimental temperature and precise control are achieved.

Description

High-temperature pyrolysis experimental system and method thereof

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of solid waste disposal, and particularly relates to a high temperature pyrolysis experiment system and a method thereof, which are applied to pyrolysis experiments for high pyrolysis temperature, large experimental material amount, multi-stage cooling treatment and automatic program control. System and method. Background technique

[0002] High temperature pyrolysis technology is a new waste treatment technology developed in recent years. In the early 1990s, national surgeons discovered that carcinogens, which are extremely harmful to humans, produce dioxins. Therefore, Western developed countries have invested heavily in the development of new waste treatment technologies while studying the secondary pollution caused by incineration. The waste pyrolysis technology is generally favored by environmental experts in various countries, and it is considered to be a new way for waste disposal, reduction and recycling. Developed countries have invested a lot of manpower and resources in research and development, and have achieved gratifying results.

[0003] Pyrolysis and incineration are two completely different processes. Incineration is an exothermic process, and pyrolysis requires the absorption of large amounts of heat. The main products of incineration are carbon dioxide and water, and the main products of pyrolysis are flammable low molecular compounds: gaseous hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide; liquid methanol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and other organic substances and tar, solvent oil and so on. The solid state is mainly coke and carbon black.

[0004] The pyrolysis method utilizes the thermal instability of organic matter in the garbage, heat-distills it under the condition of no oxygen or anoxic condition, causes the organic matter to be cracked, and condenses to form various new gases, liquids and solids. The process of extracting fuel oil and combustible gas therefrom. The essence of pyrolysis is the process of heating organic molecules to crack them into small molecules, which contains many complicated physical and chemical processes.

[0005] The thermal decomposition process differs depending on the heating mode, product form, pyrolysis furnace structure, etc., depending on the pyrolysis temperature, 100CTC or higher is called high temperature pyrolysis, and 600-70CTC is called medium temperature. Pyrolysis, below 600 ° C is called low temperature pyrolysis.

[0006] In order to conduct targeted research on waste pyrolysis technology, it is necessary to construct a suitable pyrolysis experimental device.

[0007] The patent No. CN 202717755U proposes "a solid waste derivative fuel pyrolysis experimental device", which has the following defects for pyrolysis experiments: 1. The volume of the pyrolysis device in the system is only There is 1 liter, which cannot meet the requirements of the dioxin detection rule for pyrolysis of materials above 5 kg. 2. Since the device is continuously fed and continuously discharged during operation, it is difficult to achieve a good seal, and the pyrolysis temperature is difficult to be uniformly increased, and it is more difficult to stabilize. If the inlet and outlet of the pyrolysis unit are sealed, they cannot be fed. 3. The feeding channel is narrow, and the problem of blocking material is difficult to solve. 4. The pyrolysis heating temperature of the system cannot reach 800 °C, which can not meet the experimental needs of high temperature pyrolysis. Therefore, the overall structure of the pyrolysis device cannot meet the requirements of the experimental data. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-temperature pyrolysis experimental system and a method thereof, which can test a cold state of not less than 5 kg (about 10 liters) in a sealed state. The material (such as the derivative fuel RDF) is fed into a pyrolysis furnace at a predetermined temperature, and the gas generated by the pyrolysis is solid-liquid separated, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is lowered to room temperature for analysis experiments.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

A high temperature pyrolysis experimental system comprising a heating decomposition device, a gas collection and treatment system, and an electrical control system for implementing a heating decomposition device control and a gas collection treatment system gas treatment, the heating decomposition device comprising a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace The utility model comprises a furnace body which is connected with the shielding gas source and preheats the temperature of the protective gas, and the furnace body is connected with a storage silo which feeds the experimental materials into the furnace body after the temperature in the furnace body rises to a set temperature, and the experimental materials are generated by high temperature. The pyrolysis gas is sent to the gas collection and treatment system by a gas pipeline connected to the furnace body, one end of the furnace body is a discharge port, and the discharge port is provided with an openable and closable first sealing device. The other end of the storage body is in a sealing port, and the feeding port is in sealing communication with one end of the storage bin. The storage bin is provided with a material boat for loading experimental materials, and the other end of the storage bin is provided with Sealing the guide hole, the outer side of the other end of the storage bin is provided with a propelling device for pushing the boat from the storage bin into the furnace body, the propulsion device has a feeding push rod, The feed end of the push rod projecting into the guide hole to seal from the storage silo is connected to the boat material.

[0010] Further, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a tank, and the tank body has a cylindrical heat-resistant steel furnace tube transversely disposed as a furnace body; the tank body is located on the front and rear sides of the furnace tube along an axis The direction is distributed with a vertically placed silicon carbon rod heating system; the box body is filled with an insulating material for heat insulation, fixed furnace tube and silicon carbon rod heating system; the furnace tube is extended from the circumferential direction of the two ends of the box body respectively An annular cooling water jacket, the cooling water jacket is integrated with the furnace control, and a thermocouple is respectively disposed on the outer side of the furnace tube and the gas output end.

[0011] Further, the boat is made of a transverse heat-resistant steel cylinder, the cylindrical surface of the steel cylinder has a feeding port, and the feeding port is provided with a lifting beam, and the two ends of the steel cylinder are respectively The heat insulating material and the guard plate are sequentially sealed and fixed, and the volume of the boat is not less than 10 liters, and the outer sides of the boat are respectively placed with heat insulating blocks, and when the boat is placed in the working position in the furnace tube, the partition is The hot block is placed at the annular cooling water jacket at both ends of the furnace tube to ensure that the ends of the furnace tube are at a low temperature.

[0012] Further, the feeding push rod of the propulsion device is a screw, and the propulsion device includes an electric motor disposed outside the other end of the storage bin, a speed reducer driven by the electric motor, and a thrust screw driven by the reducer The sleeve is sleeved around the screw, and a travel switch defining a position of movement of the screw and the boat is respectively disposed along the longitudinal direction of the screw.

[0013] Further, a protective gas preheating device is disposed in the tank, and the protective gas preheating device is a heat resistant steel pipe coiled at least one turn outside the furnace tube, and one end of the heat resistant steel pipe is protected The gas source is in communication and the other end is in communication with the protective gas input of the furnace tube. [0014] Further, the gas collection and treatment system includes a cyclone separator, a wind cooler, a three-stage water cooler, a metal mesh filter, and an exhaust gas burner in series; the three water coolers are connected in series to form a three-stage a water cooler, the inlet of the cyclone is connected to the furnace body through a gas pipe for separating solid particles in the pyrolysis gas, the outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the inlet of the air cooler; and the outlet of the air cooler is connected to the third-stage water cooler The first stage water cooler inlet; the third stage water cooler outlet is connected with a metal mesh filter; the metal mesh filter outlet is divided into two paths, one is connected to the gas analysis instrument, and the other is connected to the exhaust gas burner; The apparatus is configured to discharge the treated pyrolysis gas after incineration; a thermocouple is disposed in the cyclone separator, the air cooler, the inlets of the three water coolers, and the exhaust gas burner, and the water cooler includes a cooling water tank And a U-shaped fin tube, the U-shaped fin tube is disposed in the cooling water tank, and a bottom of the U-shaped fin tube is connected with a sealed liquid collector, Cooling pipes connected to the source of cooling water cooler is provided with a solenoid valve controlling the temperature of the water cooler with the thermocouple.

[0015] Further, the electrical control system includes a PLC programmable controller, a touch screen, a thermocouple, and an actuator. The signal input circuit of the PLC programmable controller is respectively connected to the pyrolysis furnace, the thermocouple of the gas collection processing device, and the touch screen. The control output circuit of the PLC programmable controller is connected to the electric heating rod, the water cooling valve and the gas control component of the pyrolysis furnace and the gas collection processing device through the execution component; the touch screen is used for setting various process parameters and controlling the whole process of the experiment. Dialogue, simulation shows the working state and real-time flow of gas, real-time temperature and temperature curves of each monitored part.

[0016] A high-temperature pyrolysis experimental method, first opening the discharge port at one end of the furnace body, loading the material boat to be pyrolyzed experimental materials and the heat insulating blocks at both ends into a storage bin connected with the furnace body. And then closing the discharge opening of the furnace body; the method further is:

The first step: using nitrogen gas outlet pressure not lower than 0.2 MPa nitrogen gas from the furnace gas inlet inlet to remove the air from the pyrolysis gas outlet, and always maintain the pressure inside the furnace is positive pressure;

Step 2: Warm the closed furnace body to the set temperature;

The third step: feeding the boat loaded with the experimental material to be pyrolyzed into the furnace body that has risen to the set temperature, while maintaining the set temperature, so that the experimental material is rapidly pyrolyzed at a high temperature;

Step 4: The gas thermally explained by the experimental material in the furnace is sent to the gas treatment system through the pipeline for treatment until the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas is "0";

The gas treatment is:

First step: the pressurized pyrolysis gas outputted from the furnace tube is first sent to a cyclone separator for solid particle separation; the second step: multi-stage cooling treatment of the pyrolysis gas after separating the solid particles;

The third step: the pyrolysis gas after the multi-stage cooling treatment is sent to the gas analysis instrument and the exhaust gas burner for incineration and discharge.

[0017] Further, the set pyrolysis temperature is from room temperature to 1200 degrees Celsius. [0018] Further, the method further includes collecting the liquid generated by the temperature reduction of each stage of the pyrolysis gas in the multi-stage cooling treatment, the liquid being used for measurement and analysis experiments.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. Due to the preheating method, the technical solution can feed the experimental materials (such as solid waste derivative fuel) into the pyrolysis furnace that has reached the preset temperature in a sealed state to rapidly heat the materials, thereby preventing the incorporation of environmental impurities. , the temperature of the experimental material is quickly raised from the normal temperature to the preset temperature, and the pyrolysis gas required for the experiment is quickly exhausted at the preset temperature, which reduces the operation difficulty of the experiment and improves the accuracy of data collection and reliability. Especially in terms of large experimental capacity and high experimental temperature, it has unique advantages.

[0020] 2. The method of segmented cooling and extracting liquid collected by the technical solution can complete the experimental data obtained in the past through multiple experiments, and complete the experiment by using the invention, and standardize the experimental procedure, thereby improving the experimental precision. It saves experiment time and reduces experiment costs.

DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

1 is a schematic structural view of a high temperature pyrolysis experiment system of the present invention.

2 is a schematic enlarged view of the heating decomposition device of FIG. 1.

3 is a schematic structural view of the gas collection and treatment system of FIG. 1.

4 is a block diagram of the electrical control system of FIG. 1.

detailed description

[0027] Example 1 :

A high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the system comprises a heating decomposition device 01, a gas collection and treatment system, and a gas decomposition treatment device control and a gas collection treatment system gas treatment. An electric control system, wherein: the thermal decomposition device comprises a pyrolysis furnace 011, the pyrolysis furnace comprising a furnace body connected to a protective gas source and preheating a protective gas, wherein the furnace body is connected to a temperature rise in the furnace body After the set temperature, the storage bin 014 of the experimental material is fed into the furnace body, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the experimental material through the high temperature is sent to the gas collection and treatment system by the gas pipeline connected to the furnace body, the pyrolysis furnace One end of the furnace body is a discharge port, the discharge port is provided with an openable and closable first sealing device 0113, the first sealing device is a sealing flange, and the other end of the pyrolysis furnace body is fed The inlet port is in sealing communication with one end of the storage bin, a storage boat 012 for loading experimental materials is placed in the storage bin, and the other end of the storage bin is provided with a sealing guide hole, the storage material warehouse The other end of the other end is provided with a propulsion device 015 for pushing the boat from the storage bin into the furnace body, the propulsion device has a feed push rod 0151, and the end of the feed push rod extends from the sealed guide hole Entering into the storage bin and connecting with the boat, the gas collection and treatment system is provided with a plurality of multi-stage pyrolysis gas temperature collection liquids Cooling treatment device.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, as a preferred, the pyrolysis furnace 011, the storage bin 014 and the propulsion device 015 are placed horizontally from left to right. As another preferred embodiment, the sealing guide hole is provided with a guiding hole at the other end of the storage bin 014, and a third sealing device 0142 is disposed at the outer end surface of the guiding hole, and the third sealing device 0142 has a a tapered hole coaxial with the guide hole, the inner opening of the tapered hole is small, and the outer opening is large, the tapered hole is provided with a tapered sealing plug, and the tapered sealing plug is formed by a flange structure and a tapered hole The outer edge is sealed and fixedly connected. The tapered sealing plug is provided with a sealing hole coaxial with the guiding hole, and the end of the feeding push rod 0151 sequentially passes through the sealing hole and the guiding hole.

[0029] In this embodiment, one end of the pyrolysis furnace is used as a discharge port, the discharge port is provided with an openable and closable first sealing device, and the other end of the pyrolysis furnace is a feed port. The technical means for sealingly connecting the feed port to one end of the storage bin, so that the sealing device of the discharge port of the pyrolysis furnace can be opened before the pyrolysis furnace is heated, and then the material boat loaded with the material is taken from the pyrolysis furnace. The discharge port is sent to the storage bin, and then the sealing device of the pyrolysis furnace discharge port is closed, so that the pyrolysis furnace can be preheated in a good sealed state, while the material and the boat are not heated. Moreover, since the other end of the storage bin is provided with a sealing guide hole corresponding to the material boat, a propulsion device for pushing the material boat from the storage bin into the pyrolysis furnace is disposed outside the other end of the storage bin. The propulsion device has a feed pusher, and the tip of the feed pusher extends from the sealed guide hole into the storage bin, so that when the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace reaches the preheating When the temperature is set, the material loaded into the experimental material can be sent from the normal temperature storage silo to the pyrolysis furnace which has reached the preset temperature in the sealed state, and the material is rapidly heated, so that the temperature of the experimental material can be quickly The ground is raised from the normal temperature to the preset temperature, and the gas expected by the experiment is rapidly pyrolyzed rapidly at the preset temperature.

[0030] As a modification of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the pyrolysis furnace 011 includes a casing 0111, and the casing 0111 is inserted through a horizontally placed cylindrical heat-resistant steel furnace tube. 0116 (for example, a 310s high-temperature resistant stainless steel pipe, etc.); a vertically disposed silicon carbon rod heating system 0114 is disposed in the casing 0111 on the front and rear sides of the furnace tube 0116; the tank body 0111 is filled with useful The heat insulating material of the heat insulating, fixed furnace tube 0116 and the silicon carbon rod heating system 0114; the furnace tube 0116 extends from the circumferential direction of the two ends of the box 0111 respectively to have an annular cooling water jacket 0112, and the cooling water jacket 0112 and The furnace tube 0116 is integrally formed. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the water inlet of the cooling water jacket 0112 at both ends of the furnace tube 0116 is connected to the cooling water source by a group of ball valves 12. A thermocouple 09 is disposed outside the furnace tube 0116 and at the gas output end.

[0031] In the embodiment, the pyrolysis furnace includes a box body, and the box body has a transverse cylindrical heat-resistant steel furnace tube; the box body is located on the front and rear sides of the furnace tube along the axis The direction is distributed with a vertical placement of a silicon carbon rod heating system; the tank body is filled with a technical means for insulating, fixing a cylindrical heat-resistant steel furnace tube and a silicon carbon rod heating system, so that the highest The experimental temperature is higher than 1200 °C, and the temperature can be kept even and stable, which satisfies the experimental pair. The furnace temperature requirements extend the service life of the pyrolysis furnace. Further, since the annular cooling water jacket is respectively disposed in the circumferential direction of the two ends of the furnace tube extending from the casing, the cooling water jacket is integrated with the furnace control, thereby improving the water cooling effect and ensuring the closed experiment. The environment can withstand pressures above 0.4MPa.

[0032] As a further improvement of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the boat 012 is made of a cylindrical heat-resistant steel cylinder placed horizontally, and a charging port is opened on the cylindrical surface of the steel cylinder. A lifting beam 0124 is installed at the feeding port, and both ends of the steel cylinder are sealed, and heat insulating material 0121 (for example, mullite) and a protective plate 0122 (for example, heat-resistant steel plate) are respectively fixed in order, and the outer side of the protective plate 0122 is respectively fixed. The tow steel ring 0123 is provided, the volume of the boat is not less than 10 liters, and the outer side of the boat 012 is respectively placed with a heat insulating block 013 (the left end is taken as an example) from left to right. The first guard plate 0131, the heat insulating material 0133 and the second guard plate 0134 are in turn, and the first guard plate 0131, the heat insulating material 0133 and the second guard plate 0134 are fixedly connected, and the outer side of the first guard plate 0131 The tow steel ring 0132 is provided. When the material boat is placed in the working position in the furnace tube, the heat insulating block is placed at the annular cooling water jacket at both ends of the furnace tube to ensure that both ends of the furnace tube are in a low temperature state.

[0033] In this embodiment, the fishing boat is made of a transverse cylindrical heat-resistant steel cylinder, the cylindrical surface of the steel cylinder has a feeding port, and the feeding port is provided with a lifting beam. The two ends of the cylindrical heat-resistant steel pipe are respectively sealed and fixed with a heat insulating material and a protective plate, and the outer side surface of the protective plate is provided with a tow steel ring, and the volume of the fishing boat is not less than 10 liters, so Convenient feeding and carrying, which is beneficial to the rapid heating of the pyrolysis furnace, which is beneficial to heat insulation of the materials before being sent to the pyrolysis furnace, prolonging the service life of the insulation material, facilitating the towing of the material boat, and satisfying the experimental large-capacity feeding. Requirements, especially for the experimental testing of dioxin, to be carried out under the conditions of not less than 5 kg of material. Moreover, since the technical means of placing the heat insulating blocks on the outer sides of the two ends of the boat is adopted, it is further advantageous to heat the materials before being sent to the pyrolysis furnace, and is more favorable for rapid heating of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0034] As a further improvement of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the top of the storage bin 014 is provided with a charging port, and the charging port is provided with a second sealing device 0141 which can be opened and closed. The second sealing device 0141 is a flange sealing structure. The feeding push rod 0151 of the propulsion device 015 is a trapezoidal screw, and the propulsion device 015 includes a motor 0153 disposed near the outer side of the other end of the storage bin 014, a speed reducer 0154 driven by the motor 0153, and a speed reducer 0154. a driving thrust nut 0155, the thrust nut 0155 drives the feeding push rod 0151, the feeding push rod 0151 enters the storage bin 014 through the third sealing device 0142, and the end of the feeding push rod 0151 passes The heat insulating block 13 at the right end bears against the guard plate 0122 at the right end of the boat 012. When the feed push rod 0151 moves to the left, the boat 012 will be pushed to the left and the feed push rod will move to the right. At the same time, the boat 012 does not remain in the proper position inside the furnace tube 0116 of the pyrolysis furnace 011 as the feed push rod 0151 moves, and the feed push rod is located behind the thrust nut 0155. a part of the outer casing has a guide tube 0152, and the guide square tube 0152 is fixed on the frame 016, and the two sides of the feeding push rod 0151 are respectively provided with a travel switch 0156, that is, along the Set the length of the screw before and after There is a travel switch that defines the position of the screw and the boat. Obviously, other mechanisms that move back and forth along the axis can be applied as propulsion devices, such as hydraulic or pneumatic devices with extension rods, while ensuring a seal.

[0035] In this embodiment, since the top of the storage bin is opened with a charging port, the charging port is provided with an opening and closing sealing device; the feeding push rod of the propulsion device is a trapezoidal screw. The propulsion device includes an electric motor disposed near an outer side of the other end of the storage bin, a speed reducer driven by a motor, and a thrust nut driven by a reducer, the thrust nut driving the trapezoidal screw, the trapezoidal screw being located a portion of the rear side of the thrust nut is sleeved with a guiding square tube, and the guiding square tube is fixed on the frame, and the guiding square tube is respectively provided with a technical means for the stroke switch corresponding to the two ends of the feeding push rod, so The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, good sealing performance, stable feeding, and the feeding push rod is automatically returned to the original position after feeding, thereby realizing automatic control of feeding.

[0036] As a further improvement of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the casing 0111 is provided with a protective gas preheating device 0115, and the protective gas preheating device 0115 is coiled in a cylindrical heat resistant steel. At least one turn of the heat-resistant steel pipe outside the furnace tube 0116, one end of the heat-resistant steel pipe is in communication with the shielding gas source 02, and the other end of the heat-resistant steel pipe is in communication with the shielding gas input end of the furnace tube 0116.

[0037] In the present embodiment, the protective gas preheating device is disposed in the casing, and the protective gas preheating device is a heat resistant steel pipe wound at least one turn outside the cylindrical heat resistant steel furnace tube, One end of the heat-resistant steel pipe is connected to the source of the shielding gas, and the other end of the heat-resistant steel pipe is connected with the input end of the cylindrical heat-resistant steel furnace tube, so that the experimental material is always in the experimental process. In a closed environment where protective gas is present, the pyrolysis experiment is not affected by the combustion of the material due to the presence of oxygen in the air; the protective gas preheating device is placed in the tank to ensure that the protective gas entering the experimental area is preheated, so as not to cause The temperature of the experimental environment is reduced or unstable, and a separate heating system is not required, which reduces the complexity of the experimental system and the control system, and reduces the system energy consumption.

[0038] As a further improvement of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the high temperature pyrolysis experimental system further includes a gas collection processing system as a gas collection processing device in communication with the heating decomposition device 01 ( As mentioned above, the gas collection and treatment system comprises a cyclone separator 05, a wind cooler 06, a tertiary water cooler 07, a metal mesh filter 08 and an exhaust gas burner 04 connected in series; the cyclone separator The inlet is connected to the furnace body through a gas pipe for separating solid particles in the pyrolysis gas, the cyclone separator 05 is provided with a cyclone with a seal dust collector 051 at the lower portion; the outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the inlet of the air cooler; Three water coolers are connected in series to form a three-stage water cooler, the outlet of the air cooler is connected to the inlet of the first-stage water cooler of the three-stage water cooler; the third-stage water cooler is connected to the third-stage water cooler outlet with metal Mesh filter; the outlet of the metal mesh filter is divided into two channels, one is connected to the gas analysis instrument, and the other is connected to the exhaust gas burner; the exhaust gas burner is used for processing Pyrolytic incineration emissions; the air cooler 06 is provided with spiral winds of the fin tube 061 of the fan 062; each of the water cooler comprises a cooling water tank 071 and the U-shaped fin tube 072, the U-shaped fin tube 072 is placed in the cooling water tank 071, the bottom of the U-shaped fin tube 072 communicates with the sealing liquid collector 073; in the cyclone separator, the air cooler, three water A thermocouple is arranged in the inlet of the cooler and the exhaust gas burner, 09, and the cooling water pipe connected to the cooling water source water tank 071 is provided with a thermocouple that cooperates with the thermocouple to control the temperature of the cold zone of the water cooler. Valve 074, as can be seen in Figure 1, the inlets of the three solenoid valves 074 are in communication with one another and are in communication with the source of cooling water through ball valves 12. The operating states of the fan 062 and solenoid valve 074 are controlled by respective thermocouples 09 and PLC programmable controllers.

[0039] In the present embodiment, since the cyclone separator is a technical means equipped with a cyclone with a sealed dust collector, it is advantageous to collect and treat solid impurities in the exhaust gas. Further, since the wind cooler is a technical means of a spiral finned tube equipped with a large air volume fan, the starting temperature of the fan can be set, so that the cooling effect is improved and unnecessary energy consumption is eliminated. Also due to the use of the three-stage water cooler is three water coolers connected in series, each of which includes a cooling water tank and a U-shaped fin tube, the U-shaped fin tube being placed in the cooling In the water tank, the bottom of the u-shaped finned tube communicates with the sealing liquid collector, and the input end of each of the water coolers is provided with a thermocouple, and the water inlet of the cooling water tank of the water cooler passes through the electromagnetic valve and is cooled The water source is connected, and the working state of the electromagnetic valve is controlled by the thermocouple. Therefore, different water cooler starting temperatures are respectively set by three thermocouples, and liquids with different freezing temperatures from high to low can be respectively obtained. In order to separately measure the product weight and analyze the product components. Further, since the metal mesh filter is used, not only the filtration effect is ensured, but also the life of the gas flow meter behind can be extended.

[0040] As a further improvement of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the gas collection and treatment system further includes a nitrogen source 02 as a shielding gas source, a compressed air source 03 for combustion assisting, and a combustion exhaust gas. An exhaust gas combustion furnace 04 and a line leading to the experimental gas analysis instrument; the nitrogen source 02 is in communication with the protective gas preheating device 0115 through the first mass flow controller 022, as can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. The output end of the nitrogen source 02 is equipped with a conventional pressure indicating pressure reducing system 021, and both ends of the first flow controller 022 are equipped with a shutoff valve and a bypass system, and the output of the first mass flow controller 022 The end is in communication with the input end of the protective gas preheating device 0115 in the pyrolysis furnace 011. The compressed air source 03 is in communication with the exhaust gas burner 04 via a second mass flow controller 032. As can be seen in Figure 1, the output of the compressed air source 03 is equipped with a conventional pressure indicating decompression system. 031, the two ends of the second flow controller 032 are equipped with a shutoff valve and a bypass system, and an output end of the first mass flow controller 032 is in communication with an input end of the exhaust gas burner 04. The metal mesh filter 08 is connected to the gas flow meter 11; the gas flow meter 11 is connected to the experimental gas analysis instrument and the exhaust gas combustion furnace 04 through a shut-off valve and a regulating valve, respectively, as can be seen from FIG. The output end of the metal mesh filter 08 is connected to the input end of the gas flow meter 11 through a shut-off valve, and the output end of the gas flow meter 11 passes through a shut-off valve, a regulating valve and the exhaust gas burning furnace 04, respectively. And the experimental gas analysis instrument The inputs are connected. The exhaust gas combustion furnace 04 is provided with an electric heating tube 041 and a thermocouple 09, and the exhaust gas burning furnace 04 is covered with a heat insulating layer.

[0041] In the present embodiment, since the nitrogen source is used to communicate with the shielding gas preheating device through the first mass flow controller, the manufacturing cost of the shielding gas can be greatly reduced. Further, since the compressed air source is connected to the exhaust gas combustion furnace through the second mass flow controller, the exhaust gas is sufficiently burned, and the exhaust gas generated by the experiment is harmlessly treated. Further, since the electric heating tube is provided in the furnace of the exhaust gas combustion furnace, and the outside of the furnace is covered with a heat insulating layer, the structure is simple, safe and reliable. Further, the metal mesh filter is connected to the gas flow meter; the gas flow meter is respectively connected to the experimental gas analysis instrument and the exhaust gas combustion furnace by a regulating valve, so that the generated gas can be quantitatively It is supplied to the experimental gas analysis instrument and discharged into the exhaust gas combustion furnace for harmless treatment.

[0042] As a still further improvement of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the high temperature pyrolysis experimental system further includes an electrical control system, and the electrical control system includes a PLC programmable controller 10 and The solid state relay 101 electrically connected to the controller 10, the contactor 102, the touch screen 103 and the electromagnetic valve 073; the solid state relay 101 and the silicon carbide heating system 0120 and the exhaust gas burning furnace 04 in the pyrolysis furnace 011 respectively The heating pipe 041 is electrically connected, and the contactor 102 is electrically connected to the motor 0153 of the propulsion device 015 and the fan 062 of the air cooler 06, respectively. The thermocouple 09 is electrically connected to the PLC programmable controller 10; the travel switch 0156, the first mass flow controller 021, the second mass flow controller 031, and the gas flow meter 11 respectively and the PLC The programmable controller 10 is electrically connected.

[0043] In this embodiment, the electrical control system includes a PLC programmable controller and a solid state relay electrically connected to the PLC programmable controller, a contactor, a touch screen, and the electromagnetic valve; The silicon carbon rod heating system is electrically connected, and the contactor is electrically connected to an electric motor of the propulsion device, a fan of the air cooler, and an electric heating tube of an exhaust gas combustion furnace; the thermocouple and the PLC are programmable The controller is electrically connected; the travel switch, the mass flow controller and the gas flow meter are respectively electrically connected with the PLC programmable controller, so the high temperature pyrolysis experiment system can set various process parameters through the touch screen, and simulate The working state and the real-time flow of the gas, the real-time temperature and temperature curves of each monitoring part are displayed, and the whole process of the experiment can be controlled through the touch screen.

[0044] As a further improvement of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the PLC programmable controller 10 is configured with a special program for controlling the coordination work of the high temperature pyrolysis experiment system; the electrical control system further includes automatic/ a manual switch 105, an audible and visual alarm 106, and a USB interface 104 for exporting data, the automatic or manual control switch 105, the audible and visual alarm 106, and the USB interface 104 for exporting data are respectively programmable with the PLC The device 10 is electrically connected.

[0045] This embodiment greatly improves the control by adopting the technical means of the PLC programmable controller. Reliability, stability and ease of use. Also, since the programmable controller is equipped with a special program for controlling the coordination work of the high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, the experimental work is programmed, standardized, and standardized, the reproducibility of the experiment is improved, and the high temperature pyrolysis experimental system is lowered. The difficulty of manipulation. Moreover, since the electrical control system is provided with automatic/manual/switching technical means, it can be controlled not only automatically but also manually. Also, since the technical means of setting the USB interface is adopted, the experimental data in the system can be conveniently exported.

Example 2:

A high temperature pyrolysis experimental method is based on the high temperature pyrolysis experimental method of the above system. First, the discharge port at one end of the furnace body is opened, and the material boat to be pyrolyzed experimental materials and the heat insulating blocks at both ends are placed in The storage bin connected to the furnace body is ready for use, and then the discharge port of the furnace body is closed; wherein the method further comprises:

The first step: using nitrogen gas outlet pressure not lower than 0.2 MPa nitrogen gas from the furnace gas inlet inlet to remove the oxygen in the furnace from the pyrolysis gas outlet, and always maintain the pressure inside the furnace is positive pressure;

Step 2: Warm the closed furnace body to the set temperature;

The fourth step: the pyrolysis gas thermally explained by the experimental material in the furnace body is sent to the gas processing system through the pipeline for gas pyrolysis treatment until the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas is "0";

The gas pyrolysis treatment is:

[0047] In the embodiment, the preheating method is adopted, and the experimental materials (such as solid waste derivative fuel) can be sent to the pyrolysis furnace which has reached the preset temperature to be rapidly heated in a sealed state, thereby preventing the incorporation of environmental impurities. The temperature of the experimental material is quickly raised from the normal temperature to the preset temperature, and the pyrolysis gas required for the experiment is quickly discharged at the preset temperature, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of data collection.

[0048] The furnace set temperature is from room temperature to 1200 degrees Celsius; the method further comprises collecting liquid generated by each stage of the pyrolysis gas in the multi-stage cooling treatment, and sending the liquid to the experimental instrument for metering and Analyze the experiment. For example: The multi-stage cooling treatment is a three-stage cooling treatment, which is a pyrolysis gas cooling treatment above 400 degrees Celsius, a pyrolysis gas cooling treatment of 250 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius, and a pyrolysis gas treatment at room temperature to 250 degrees Celsius.

[0049] The method for extracting the liquid collection by the segmental temperature reduction process used in the present embodiment can complete the experimental data that can be obtained through multiple experiments in the past, and can be completed by using the invention once, saving time and saving the experiment cost. . [0050] The specific operation method of the high temperature pyrolysis experiment system is as follows:

The electrical control system has two operating states, manual and automatic, controlled by automatic / manual / switch.

[0051] In the manual state, each link can be manually started and stopped, and the working program can refer to the automatic state.

[0052] The automatic state is actually a program control state, and some links still require manual operation.

[0053] In the automatic state (the electrical control system switches to the automatic state):

a. Preparation: Turn on the power and the touch screen will power up.

[0054] The information about this experiment should be written first. Open the main valve of the nitrogen cylinder and the compressed air cylinder, check the high pressure indication value, and replace the new cylinder with too low. Adjust the relief valve knob so that the low pressure is 0.2Mpa (recommended). Open the valves of the first mass flow controller and the second mass flow controller and close the bypass valve. Open the valve at the inlet of the gas flow meter and the valve at the outlet to close the bypass valve. Open the valve to the analytical instrument. Check the water-cooled valve (ball valve) under the pyrolysis furnace to make it open. Open the main water valve and adjust the two valves on the lower right side of the water cooler so that the water cooler is in the working state. The water in the furnace water cooling system passes. Both valves must be open, but use as little flow as possible.

[0055] b. Open the sealing flange of the first sealing device (cold state), and then feed the insulating block and the boat loaded with the experimental material into the deepest part of the storage bin, and then put the insulating block at the end cover. , Close the sealing flange (see Figure 2). The bottled nitrogen gas used for heating the atmosphere in the decomposition furnace in the gas collection and treatment system and the bottled compressed air for exhaust gas combustion are respectively output through the first mass flow controller and the second mass flow controller, and the nitrogen gas is preheated by the shielding gas. The device enters the pyrolysis furnace, and the gas generated by the pyrolysis is removed by the cyclone separator, and sequentially enters the air cooler and the tertiary water cooler, and is separated into a liquid group at a normal temperature generated by pyrolysis in the tertiary water cooler. Minute.

[0056] c. The preset parameters such as heating temperature, air cooling, water cooling starting temperature, pyrolysis reaction time (expected), nitrogen gas, compressed air input flow rate (1-5SLM) are respectively set through the touch screen.

[0057] d. Run the program and the system starts working. Subsequent operations are all done on the touch screen. First, nitrogen (recommended pressure is 0.2 MPa) is purged into the furnace tube for 3 minutes to remove air from the system (if the nitrogen is not input or the pressure is too low, the system does not start working). At the same time, the exhaust gas burner starts to warm up. After the sound and light alarm, the decomposition furnace is heated to start heating. The temperature of the furnace of the heating decomposing furnace rises to a predetermined temperature, and the sound and light alarm is again given. At this point, press the "Automatic Feed" button on the touch screen (the button will not move before reaching the preheating temperature), and the feed and screw exit will be completed automatically. The "pyrolysis reaction time" countdown begins. From this point on, you can press the "Experiment Complete" button on the touch screen at any time to terminate the heating and stop the experiment. Under normal conditions, the heating should be terminated after the outlet flow meter output is zero.

[0058] e. As the temperature of the experimental material rises, pyrolysis begins, the pyrolysis gas is released, the high temperature gas enters the pipeline, and the temperature of each temperature measurement point rises. When the corresponding preset temperature is reached, the fan and water of the air cooler The water inlet solenoid valve of the cooler starts to work. The purpose of air cooling is to initially cool the hot gas. The recommended preset temperature is 500-700 °C. The purpose of water cooling is to condense and collect the low temperature, normal temperature liquid components of the high temperature gas, and cool the high temperature gas to room temperature to ensure the normal operation of the outlet flow meter. It is recommended that the preset operating temperature of the three-stage water cooler be 400 ° C, 250 ° C, 50 ° C.

[0059] f. Cooling and sending the pyrolysis gas after gas-liquid separation to the analytical instrument, and mixing the other with compressed air, entering the exhaust gas burner, burning the combustible components and discharging them into the atmosphere. The proportional distribution of the two groups of gases is controlled by a ball valve.

[0060] g. After the end of the experiment, the heating decomposition furnace naturally cools down. The tube temperature can be monitored from the monitor screen. When the furnace tube temperature is lower than 300 °C, the furnace tube water cooling system can be turned off. In the reverse direction of the preparatory work, close the water and gas paths in turn, and close the cylinder valve. The sealing flange of the first seal must be opened until the tube temperature has dropped to room temperature. Remove the insulation block and the boat in turn. Open the cyclone and the collection tank at the bottom of the water cooler. The solid and liquid pyrolysis products are weighed and metered. The metering of the gaseous pyrolysis products is recorded by an electrical control system. The temperature at each temperature monitoring point is also recorded by the electrical system. All recorded data can be exported to the U disk through the USB port for analysis. It is recommended that the data be exported after each experiment is completed and the data in the system be emptied.

Claims

WO 2015/127699 Claim PCT/CN2014/073735

A high temperature pyrolysis experimental system comprising a heating decomposition device, a gas collection processing system, and an electrical control system for implementing a heating decomposition device control and a gas collection processing system gas treatment, wherein: the heating decomposition device comprises a pyrolysis furnace The pyrolysis furnace includes a furnace body connected to the shielding gas source and preheating the temperature of the shielding gas, and the furnace body is connected to a storage silo for feeding experimental materials into the furnace body after the temperature in the furnace body rises to a set temperature. The pyrolysis gas generated by the high temperature of the experimental material is transported to the gas collection and treatment system by a gas pipeline connected to the furnace body, one end of the furnace body is a discharge port, and the discharge port is provided with an openable and closable a first sealing device, the other end of the furnace body is a feeding port, the feeding port is in sealing communication with one end of the storage bin, and a material boat containing experimental materials is placed in the storage bin, and the storage is The other end of the silo is provided with a sealing guide hole, and the outer side of the other end of the storage bin is provided with a propelling device for pushing the boat from the storage bin into the furnace body, and the propulsion device has a propulsion device Feed plunger, the feed plunger tip extending into the seal from the guide hole into said material storage bin connected to the boat.

2. The high temperature pyrolysis experiment system according to claim 1, wherein: the pyrolysis furnace comprises a tank, and the tank body has a cylindrical heat-resistant steel furnace tube transversely disposed as a furnace body; a vertically disposed silicon carbon rod heating system is disposed in the box body on the front and rear sides of the furnace tube; the box body is filled with an insulating material for heat insulation, fixing the furnace tube and the silicon carbon rod heating system; An annular cooling water jacket is respectively disposed in a circumferential direction of the two ends of the furnace tube, and the cooling water jacket is integrated with the furnace control, and a thermocouple is respectively disposed on the outer side of the furnace tube and the gas output end.

3. The high temperature pyrolysis experiment system according to claim 1, wherein: the boat is made of a transverse heat-resistant steel cylinder, and a cylindrical opening has a feeding port on the side of the cylinder, and a feeding port is provided. A lifting beam is arranged at the two ends, and the two ends of the steel cylinder are respectively sealed and fixed with a heat insulating material and a protective plate. The volume of the fishing boat is not less than 10 liters, and the outer sides of the two sides of the boat are respectively placed with a heat insulating block. When the boat is placed in the working position in the furnace tube, the heat insulating block is placed at the annular cooling water jacket at both ends of the furnace tube to ensure that both ends of the furnace tube are in a low temperature state.

4. The high temperature pyrolysis experiment system according to claim 1, wherein: the feed pusher of the propulsion device is a screw, and the propulsion device comprises an electric motor disposed outside the other end of the storage bin, The motor-driven reducer and the thrust nut driven by the reducer, the screw sleeve covers the screw, and the travel switch defining the movement position of the screw and the boat is respectively disposed in front and rear of the screw length direction.

The high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the protective body preheating device is disposed in the tank, and the protective gas preheating device is coiled outside the furnace tube At least one turn of the heat resistant steel pipe, one end of the heat resistant steel pipe is in communication with a source of shielding gas, and the other end is in communication with a shielding gas input end of the furnace tube.

6. The high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 5, wherein: the gas collection and treatment system comprises a cyclone separator, a wind cooler, a three-stage water cooler, a metal mesh filter, and exhaust gas combustion in series. Three water coolers are connected in series to each other to form a three-stage water cooler, and the inlet of the cyclone is connected to the furnace body through a gas pipe for separating pyrolysis

1 Solid particles in the gas, the outlet of the cyclone is connected to the inlet of the air cooler; the outlet of the air cooler is connected to the first stage water cooler inlet of the tertiary water cooler; the third stage water cooler is connected in series with the metal mesh filter The outlet of the metal mesh filter is divided into two paths, one is connected to the gas analysis instrument, and the other is connected to the exhaust gas burner; the exhaust gas burner is used for incinerating the treated pyrolysis gas after being discharged; in the cyclone, the wind A thermocouple is disposed in the cooler, the inlets of the three water coolers, and the exhaust gas burner, and the water cooler includes a cooling water tank and a U-shaped fin tube, and the U-shaped fin tube is placed in the cooling water tank The bottom of the U-shaped finned tube is connected with a sealed liquid trap, and the cooling water pipe connected to the cooling water source is provided with a solenoid valve that cooperates with the thermocouple to control the cooling temperature of the water cooler.

7. The high temperature pyrolysis experiment system according to claim 1, wherein: the electrical control system comprises a PLC programmable controller, a touch screen, a thermocouple and an actuator, and the signal input circuits of the PLC programmable controller are respectively connected. The pyrolysis furnace, the thermocouple of the gas collection and treatment device and the touch screen, the control output circuit of the PLC programmable controller is connected to the electric heating rod, the water-cooling valve and the gas control element of the pyrolysis furnace and the gas collection processing device through the execution element; the touch screen is used for Set various process parameters, man-machine dialogue to control the whole process of the experiment, simulate the working state and real-time flow of gas, real-time temperature and temperature curve of each monitoring part.

8. A high-temperature pyrolysis experiment method, first opening a discharge port at one end of the furnace body, loading the material boat to be pyrolyzed with the experimental material and the heat insulating blocks at both ends into a storage bin connected to the furnace body for use And then closing the discharge opening of the furnace body; wherein the method further comprises:

Step 2: Warm the closed furnace body to the set temperature;

The gas treatment is:

9. The high temperature pyrolysis experimental method for pyrolysis experiments according to claim 8, wherein the set temperature is from room temperature to 1200 degrees Celsius.

10. The high temperature pyrolysis experimental method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises collecting Pyrolysis gas is a liquid produced by each stage of cooling in a multi-stage cooling treatment, which is used for measurement and analysis experiments ₍