KR101678201B1 - Apparatus and method for measuring coal reactivity using ash sampling unit under pressure - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for measuring coal reactivity using ash sampling unit under pressure Download PDF

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KR101678201B1
KR101678201B1 KR1020150059243A KR20150059243A KR101678201B1 KR 101678201 B1 KR101678201 B1 KR 101678201B1 KR 1020150059243 A KR1020150059243 A KR 1020150059243A KR 20150059243 A KR20150059243 A KR 20150059243A KR 101678201 B1 KR101678201 B1 KR 101678201B1
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reactor
ash
pressure
space
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KR20160127902A (en
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라호원
이재구
서명원
윤상준
김용구
김재호
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한국에너지기술연구원
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • G01N2001/2007—Flow conveyors
    • G01N2001/2021—Flow conveyors falling under gravity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a batch sampling apparatus for continuous solid fuel reactivity measurement under pressurized conditions, a solid fuel reactivity measurement apparatus using the sampling apparatus, a measurement method, and an analysis system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a batch sampling apparatus applied to a solid fuel reactive measurement apparatus, comprising: a housing coupled to a lower end of a tubular reactor and having an inner space; A casing connected to one side of the housing and having an internal space communicated with an internal space of the housing; A aspiration port connected to the ash collecting section and having a circulating rod provided in the casing inner space, the ash port being located in an inner space of the housing in a reaction test mode; And a pressure blocking means for partitioning the inside of the casing into a pressurizing space and a pressure relieving space in a replace mode, and in the replace mode, while maintaining the high pressure, high temperature state of the reactor, The pressure collecting section is divided into a pressurizing space and a pressure relieving space by the pressure shutoff means, and the pressure shutoff means is opened after the ash in the ash collecting section is opened to open the inside of the housing To a space sampling device for continuous solid fuel reactivity measurement under pressurized conditions.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a batch sampling apparatus for continuous coal reactivity measurement under pressurized conditions, a solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus using the sampling apparatus, a measuring method and an analysis system,

The present invention relates to a batch sampling apparatus for continuous solid fuel reactivity measurement under pressurized conditions, a solid fuel reactivity measurement apparatus using the sampling apparatus, a measurement method, and an analysis system.

Coal gasification converts coal into gas such as CO, H 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 by reacting with gasifier such as water vapor, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide gas, etc. The performance of coal gasification is determined by coal property, It depends on the condition.

Coal includes combustible components, nitrogen, sulfur and various minerals. These components have different ratios depending on the type of coal, and the physical structure of the coal is different. Therefore, it is difficult to uniformly analyze the characteristics of gasification for all coal.

Coal gasification has different reaction paths and gasification products and performance depending on operating conditions. A variety of coal gasifiers have been developed due to various changes in physical properties depending on the type of coal.

Regardless of the type of gasifier, the most important function is to convert the coal into a gas phase, to obtain the gas of the desired quality, and to stably discharge the component (ash) of the coal out of the reactor.

Therefore, in order to carry out the gasification operation with high efficiency and reliability, it is very important to grasp the phenomenon occurring inside the gasifier and to control the operating condition according to the reaction characteristics of the coal to be used.

Various commercialized gasifiers have been operating up to now, but many trials and errors have been made to derive the optimum operating conditions for each type of coal. Especially, it is very important to measure and predict the reactivity properly because the coal gasifier efficiency in the plant which is already designed and manufactured is closely related to the gasification reactivity of the coal species.

Coal gasification is composed of two steps. First, coal is decomposed very quickly under high temperature. It is decomposed by CO 2 , CO, H 2 O, H 2 and CH 4 as main components , A liquid substance called tar, and a decomposition residue char. The pyrolysis reaction itself does not affect the gas atmosphere, but pyrolysis products are converted into more stable products by continuous pyrolysis and reaction with various gases. Especially, in the cracked bed gasifier, since pyrolysis itself is a rapid pyrolysis which occurs at a very high rate, there is a great difference in the degree of product distribution and volatilization from the low rate heating characteristic.

The gasification reaction is carried out at the boiling point of the ash (about 1400) while simultaneously transporting the coal and the gasifying agent in the same direction, and there are Shell, GE, KT and E-gas processes. Coal and gas are suspended in the gasifier when the pulverized coal is pulverized into a powder form so that the particles having a particle size of 200mesh or less account for 70% or more and supplied to the gasifier together with steam and oxygen.

Inside the gasifier, the gasification must be completed before the coal particles escape from the reactor to prevent as much unreacted carbon from escaping the gasifier as possible. In order to maintain the rapid reaction rate, it is very important that the coal particles are undifferentiated, the reaction temperature is kept high, the mixture of reactants for gasification increases, and the residence time is secured.

When the gasification reaction rate is high, it is advantageous to deal with load fluctuation sensitively when it is used for combined power generation. The characteristics of the gasification system operated for securing a rapid reaction rate are high temperature reaction, so tar and phenol are not produced and the range of the used coal is wide.

In addition, a large amount of hot gas can be produced with a simple operation and relatively smaller gasifier than a fixed bed or fluidized bed system. However, the heat loss of the entire system is large, and the molten meeting discharging device is somewhat complicated, so that the heat resistance of the equipment must be secured.

Rapid pyrolysis The char-gas reaction occurs in the following process. As far as char-gas reaction is concerned, the gasification reaction at operating temperatures below 1,000 corresponds to the operating conditions of temperature, pressure and coal Coal grade, pore structure, mineral content, pyrolysis conditions and active char of char.

However, the relationship between these factors according to the bull species is not clear enough to express the reactivity uniformly. In general, in the gas-solid reaction, the rate-controlling step changes from the chemical reaction rate to the mass transfer as the reaction temperature increases. However, it is known that the difference in the reactivity due to the difference in the number of the nodules is maintained even under the high-

Since 1990, power generation by IGCC has been proved to be the most efficient and clean method, and a stratified coal gasification system has been developed which has excellent load followability and can be easily enlarged. Therefore, the research on the coal gasification reactivity was gradually made under the condition of 2.5 ~ 3.0 MPa, which is typically operated in the fractionation bed gasifier, and the maximum temperature of 1,500 ℃, above the reflux point. Until now, a great deal of effort has been made to develop various gasifier systems and to optimize the operating conditions in demonstration plants, because coal with very high physical properties is buried in the world and used for mining. In the case of Japan, since coal is imported mainly from foreign countries, CRIEPI and MHI have a lot of achievements in reactivity research under high temperature and pressurization conditions.

As coal use increases both at home and abroad, coal burials are increasing. Therefore, reactive measurement data are essential for reactor design and operating conditions. For gasification reactor numerical simulations, it is necessary to acquire kinetic data on the gasification reaction of coal species.

Reactivity measurement data for coal burials can save time and money by shortening the time required to design the reactor and operating conditions, and predicting the operating conditions when changing the coal.

Commercial gasification equipment is operated almost under most pressurized conditions, and a device capable of measuring the reactivity of coal under pressurized conditions is needed. That is, it is necessary to secure data on coal under operating conditions of high-temperature, high-pressure and rapid-heating demonstration plants.

TGA, which is a typical coal reactivity measuring device, is operated at low-speed heating and atmospheric pressure conditions and is not suitable as data for simulating actual processes.

The Pressurized Drop Tube Reactor (PDTR) device can simulate a classifying bed gasifier as a typical commercial gasifier in a small reactor. Figure 1 shows a photograph of a conventional PDTR reactor (1). 2 shows a photograph of the PDTR in a state where the conventional heating furnace 31 is opened.

1 and 2, a conventional PDTR reactor 1 includes a tubular reactor 30 provided in a heating furnace 31 and a heating furnace 31, and an upper portion of the reactor 30, The ash is collected between the reactor 30 and the coal supply unit 10 to supply the steam to the inlet of the reactor 30, A supply means 113, and the like.

FIG. 3 shows temperature and pressure graphs according to time showing the reactive experimental procedure. FIG. 4 is a graph showing a time-dependent pressure graph showing a conventional PDTR test method.

As shown in FIG. 3, the reactivity test using the conventional PDTR was performed by heating the reactor to about 500 ° C by a heating furnace, holding the reactor for about 30 minutes, and then heating the reactor at about 1000 ° C or higher And then the reaction pressure is adjusted to 0.5 to 1.5 MPa. As a result, the gasification reaction experiment is carried out.

The reactivity test using the conventional PDTR was conducted after the reaction was terminated, heating of the furnace was stopped, pressure was released, and ash was collected to analyze the coal characteristics. In case of changing the pressure, after releasing the pressure, the temperature should be increased again and the pressure should be increased before the experiment. In addition, there is a problem in the reliability of the data because it is impossible to sample in the steady state.

FIG. 5A is a photograph of a damage in a heating furnace of a conventional PDTR, and FIGS. 5B, 5C and 5D are photographs showing damage of a conventional PDTR. 5A to 5D, in the case of the conventional PDTR reactor, the pressurization is released every time the experiment conditions are changed, and the temperature rise and pressurization are repeated again, so that the damage to the reactor, There is a problem that it is generated.

Therefore, it is possible to perform sampling in a steady state, and it is possible to analyze the reaction characteristics of coal more efficiently by changing experiment conditions such as the kind of coal, the amount of oxidizing agent, the temperature condition, A method and an apparatus for securing data that can be used have been required.

(Patent Document 1) Korean Patent No. 1351823

(Patent Document 2) Korean Patent No. 998934

(Patent Document 3) Korean Patent No. 147900

(Patent Document 4) Korean Patent No. 180626

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for continuously measuring coal reactivity under a pressurized condition, A measuring system, and a measuring method using the sampling device.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a batch sampling apparatus for continuous coal reactivity measurement under a pressurizing condition capable of accurately sampling only necessary samples in a state where an experiment enters a steady state, a coal reactivity measuring apparatus , A measurement system, and a measurement method.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a water jacket is provided at an upper end and a lower end of the reactor, and continuous coal is supplied at a pressurizing condition to prevent breakage, damage and leakage of the upper and lower sides of the reactor, The present invention provides a batch sampling apparatus for measuring reactivity, a coal reactivity measuring apparatus using the sampling apparatus, a measuring system, and a measuring method.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. It can be understood.

A first object of the present invention is to provide a batch sampling apparatus applied to a solid fuel reactive measurement apparatus, comprising: a housing coupled to a lower end of a tubular reactor and having an inner space; A casing connected to one side of the housing and having an internal space communicated with an internal space of the housing; A aspiration port connected to the ash collecting section and having a circulating rod provided in the casing inner space, the ash port being located in an inner space of the housing in a reaction test mode; And a pressure cutting means for dividing the inside of the casing into a pressurizing space and a pressure relieving space in an exchange mode and in a replacement mode.

Further, in the replace mode, the ash collecting section of the ash port is moved to the pressure release space while maintaining the high pressure and high temperature state of the reactor, and the inside of the casing is partitioned into the pressurization space and the pressure release space by the pressure- And separating the ash in the ash collecting unit and then opening the pressure blocking unit to position the ash collecting unit in the inner space of the housing.

One side of the casing is connected to the housing, and the other side of the casing includes a detachable sealing cap for sealing and opening the casing.

Further, the one side of the rotating rod may be connected to the ash collecting part, and the other side may have a handle part positioned to protrude to the outside of the sealing cap.

The hopper further includes a hopper mounted on an upper end of the housing and gradually decreasing in diameter to a lower end of the hopper and collecting the ash discharged from the reactor by the ash collecting unit.

The apparatus may further include an angle adjusting unit provided between the ash collecting unit and the rotating rod to adjust the angle of the ash collecting unit.

And a moving roller provided between the ashing rod and the inner surface of the casing to move the rotating rod.

The pressure cutoff means may include a cutoff member for partitioning and opening the inside of the casing into a pressurizing space and a pressure relief space, and a drive unit for driving the cutoff member.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a batch sampling device applied to a solid fuel reactive measurement device, the batch sampling device comprising: a housing coupled to a lower end of a tubular reactor and having an inner space; A casing connected to one side of the housing and having an internal space communicated with an internal space of the housing; And a aspiration port connected to the ash collecting unit and having a circulation rod provided in an inner space of the casing, wherein in the reaction mode, Collecting the ash discharged from the reactor to the ash collection unit; Moving the ash collection unit of the ash port to the pressure release space in the casing while maintaining the high pressure, high temperature condition of the reactor in the replace mode; Partitioning the inside of the casing into a pressurizing space and a pressure relieving space by a pressure cutting means; Detaching the ash port and separating the ash in the ash collection unit; And opening the pressure shutoff means to place the ash collecting unit back into the internal space of the housing. The method of operating the ash sampling apparatus for continuous solid fuel reactivity measurement under pressurized conditions .

The step of separating the ash may include moving the rotating rod to the pressure releasing space by the handle of the rotating rod protruding outside the sealing cap for sealing the other side of the casing and opening the sealing cap, Is separated from each other.

The step of collecting by the ash collecting unit may include collecting the ash discharged from the reactor to the ash collecting unit by a hopper mounted on the upper end of the housing and configured to gradually decrease in diameter to the lower end .

The pressure blocking means may include a blocking member and a driving unit. In the partitioning step, the blocking member may be driven by the driving unit to partition the inside of the casing into a pressure space and a pressure release space, The driving unit may drive the blocking member to open the blocking member.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus using a batch sampling apparatus, comprising: a reactor in the form of a tube, in which an oxidant and a solid fuel are injected into the upper portion and the ash is discharged to the lower portion by a gasification reaction; A coal supply unit for introducing the solid fuel and the oxidant into the upper side of the reactor; An upper fixing device provided on the coal supply part and the upper connection part side of the reactor and having a first water jacket for cooling the discharge end side of the coal supply part; A heating furnace for heating the reactor; A pressing means for pressing the inside of the reactor; A lower fixing device fastened to the lower end of the reactor and having a lower water jacket for cooling the ash discharged from the reactor; And a batch sampling device connected to the lower end of the lower fixture for continuous coal reactivity measurement under the pressurization conditions according to the first item mentioned above. Can be achieved as a measuring device. \

The upper fixing device may be connected to a steam supply line of the steam supply means for supplying steam to the reactor inlet.

The apparatus may further include steam heating means for heating the steam supplied to the reactor by the steam supply means.

The apparatus may further include a second water jacket provided on the outer peripheral side of the reactor inlet end for cooling the reactor inlet end.

An upper sealing member provided between the upper fixing device and the upper end of the reactor for sealing between the upper fixing device and the reactor; and a lower sealing device provided between the lower fixing device and the lower end of the reactor, And a lower sealing member for sealing between the reactors.

The solid fuel supply unit supplies the solid fuel to the solid fuel supply unit. The oxidizer supply unit supplies the oxidizer to the solid fuel supply unit. The steam supply unit, the first water jacket, And a control unit for controlling at least one of the pressurizing unit, the heating furnace, the lower water jacket, the steam heating unit, and the pressure shutoff unit of the batch sampling unit .

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel reactivity measuring method using a batch sampling apparatus, which comprises: a housing coupled to a lower end of a tubular reactor and having an inner space; A casing connected to one side of the housing and having an internal space communicated with an internal space of the housing; And a aspiration port connected to the ash collecting unit and having a circulation rod provided in the casing internal space, wherein the ash port is connected to the ash collecting unit, Heating the reactor; Supplying a pressure into the reactor by a pressurizing means; Supplying a solid fuel and an oxidant to a solid fuel supply unit connected to an upper end of the reactor; Cooling the connection end by a first water jacket of an upper fixing device provided at a connection end of the upper end of the reactor and the solid fuel supply unit; The solid fuel and the oxidant are introduced into the reactor and gasified; The ash is discharged to the lower end of the reactor and the discharged ash is cooled by the lower water jacket of the lower fixture provided at the lower end of the reactor; In the reaction mode, the ash discharged from the reactor is collected in the ash collector; Moving the ash collection unit of the ash port to the pressure release space in the casing while maintaining the high pressure, high temperature condition of the reactor in the replace mode; Partitioning the inside of the casing into a pressurizing space and a pressure relieving space by a pressure cutting means; Detaching the ash port and separating the ash in the ash collection unit; Altering the experimental conditions of the reactor; And opening the pressure shutoff means to place the ash collecting unit back into the internal space of the housing. The method of measuring continuous reactivity of solid fuel at pressurized conditions using the ash sampling apparatus.

The method may further include the step of supplying steam to the reactor inlet by the steam supply line of the steam supply unit connected to the upper fixing unit before the gasification reaction step.

The method may further include heating the steam supplied to the reactor by the steam heating means.

The method may further include the step of cooling the reactor inlet end side by a second water jacket provided on the outer peripheral side of the reactor inlet end before the gasification reaction step.

The control unit controls the solid fuel supply unit to supply the solid fuel to the solid fuel supply unit to adjust the amount of the solid fuel supplied to the solid fuel supply unit. Controlling the oxidant supply means for supplying the oxidant to the solid fuel supply portion, and controlling the amount of the oxidant supplied; Controlling the amount of steam supplied to the reactor by controlling the steam supply means; The control unit controlling the steam heating means to regulate the temperature of the supplied steam; The control unit controlling the first water jacket to adjust the flow rate of the cooling water flowing in the first water jacket; The control unit controlling the second water jacket to adjust the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the second water jacket; The control unit controlling the pressurizing unit so that the pressure in the reactor maintains the set pressure; Controlling the heating furnace so that the temperature in the reactor is maintained at a predetermined temperature; The control unit controlling the lower water jacket to adjust the flow rate of the cooling water flowing in the lower water jacket; And controlling the pressure blocking means of the batch sampling device to open the pressure space and the pressure disassembly space in the casing in the reaction mode and to partition the pressure space and the pressure disassembly space in the casing in the replacement mode in the reaction mode. And at least one of the above-

A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a system for solid fuel reactivity analysis using a batch sampling apparatus, comprising: a reactivity measuring device according to the third object; And analyzing means for analyzing the characteristics of the solid fuel by analyzing the ash collected by the batch sampling device of the reactive measuring device to obtain a continuous solid fuel reactivity analysis system under pressure conditions using the ash sampling apparatus .

According to one embodiment of the present invention, an ash sampling apparatus is applied, which has an effect that continuous operation can be performed even under pressurized conditions.

Also, according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to continuously and accurately sample only necessary samples in the state where the experiment enters the steady state.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a water jacket is provided at an upper end and a lower end of the reactor to prevent damage, damage, and leakage of the upper and lower sides of the reactor and the connecting member.

It should be understood, however, that the effects obtained by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned may be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs It will be possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to further the understanding of the technical idea of the invention, It should not be construed as limited.
Figure 1 is a photograph of a conventional PDTR reactor,
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a PDTR in a state in which the existing heating furnace is open,
FIG. 3 is a graph showing temperature, pressure,
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a time-dependent pressure graph showing an existing PDTR test method,
FIG. 5A is a photograph of damage in a heating furnace of an existing PDTR,
5B, 5C and 5D are photographs of reactor damage of conventional PDTR,
6 is a cross-sectional view of a reactivity measuring apparatus using a batch sampling apparatus for measuring coal reactivity under a pressurizing condition according to an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 7a is a cross-sectional view of an upper fixture portion according to one embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 7A,
8 is a cross-sectional view of a lower fixture portion according to an embodiment of the present invention,
9 is a cross-sectional view of the ash sampling apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 10 is a side view of a ash port according to an embodiment of the present invention;
11A is a partial perspective view of a ash port according to one embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 11B is a partial side view of the ash port according to one embodiment of the present invention,
12 is a flowchart illustrating a control flow of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
13 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a reactivity using a batch sampling apparatus for measuring coal reactivity under pressurization conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention,
14A is a time-dependent pressure graph showing an existing PDTR test method,
14B is a time-based pressure graph showing an experimental method according to an embodiment of the present invention,
15A is a graph of flue gas components and pressure over time, according to conventional PDTR experiments,
FIG. 15B is a graph showing the flue gas component and the pressure according to the time shown in the experimental procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein but may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments disclosed herein are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art.

In this specification, when an element is referred to as being on another element, it may be directly formed on another element, or a third element may be interposed therebetween. Also in the figures, the thickness of the components is exaggerated for an effective description of the technical content.

Embodiments described herein will be described with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views that are ideal illustrations of the present invention. In the drawings, the thicknesses of the films and regions are exaggerated for an effective description of the technical content. Thus, the shape of the illustrations may be modified by manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific forms shown, but also include changes in the shapes that are produced according to the manufacturing process. For example, the etched area shown at right angles may be rounded or may have a shape with a certain curvature. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures have attributes, and the shapes of the regions illustrated in the figures are intended to illustrate specific forms of regions of the elements and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although the terms first, second, etc. have been used in various embodiments of the present disclosure to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms have only been used to distinguish one component from another. The embodiments described and exemplified herein also include their complementary embodiments.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of illustrating embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In the present specification, the singular form includes plural forms unless otherwise specified in the specification. The terms "comprises" and / or "comprising" used in the specification do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements.

In describing the specific embodiments below, various specific details have been set forth in order to explain the invention in greater detail and to assist in understanding it. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be understood by those skilled in the art without departing from such specific details. In some instances, it should be noted that portions of the invention that are not commonly known in the description of the invention and are not significantly related to the invention do not describe confusing reasons to explain the present invention.

Hereinafter, the configuration and function of the reactivity measuring apparatus 100 using the ash sampling apparatus for solid fuel reactivity measurement under the pressurizing condition according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

6 is a cross-sectional view of a reactive measurement apparatus 100 using a batch sampling apparatus for measuring solid fuel reactivity under a pressurizing condition according to an embodiment of the present invention. 7A is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the upper fixture 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7B shows a cross-sectional view along the line A-A in Fig. 7A. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a lower fixing device 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 9 also shows a cross-sectional view of the ash sampling apparatus 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

6, the solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 using the ash sampling apparatus 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a solid fuel supply unit 10, an upper fixing unit 20, a reactor 30 ), A heating furnace 31, a lower fixing device 40, a batch sampling device 50, and the like.

The reactor 30 is in the form of a tube, and the oxidant and the solid fuel are injected into the upper part, and the ash is discharged to the lower part by the gasification reaction. In addition, a heating furnace (31) is provided to surround the outside of the reactor (30) so that the internal temperature of the reactor (30) can be raised and maintained to a predetermined temperature. The heating furnace 31 is configured to be opened, and the temperature of the reactor 30 can be controlled by the control unit 110. The pressure in the reactor 30 is controlled by the controller 110 so that the pressure in the reactor 30 can be controlled by controlling the pressure in the reactor 30. [ .

6 and 7A, the continuous solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 under the pressurized condition using the ash sampling apparatus 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a reactor A solid fuel supply unit 10 is provided to introduce the solid fuel and the oxidant into the reactor 30. [ The introduction of the solid fuel and the oxidant into the reactor 30 is also possible through a separate line and the amount of the oxidant introduced by the control unit 110, including the oxidant supply means 112 and the solid fuel supply means 111, It is preferable to be configured to be able to adjust the amount of the liquid.

6 and 7A, it can be seen that the upper fixing device 20 is provided outside the connection end connecting the upper end of the reactor 30 to the solid fuel supply part 10. [ The upper fixing unit 20 is formed in the shape of a tube having an inner space to surround the upper end of the reactor 30 and the solid fuel supply unit 10 and is disposed between the upper end upper surface of the reactor 30 and the lower end inner surface of the upper fixing unit 20. [ Is fastened by the upper fastening member (24), and tightly fastened by the upper sealing member (25).

Also, it can be seen that the upper fixing device 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the steam supply means 113 as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. That is, the steam supply line 22 of the steam supply unit 113 is connected to the lower end of the solid fuel supply unit 10 through the upper fixing unit 20 so that the steam is supplied to the upper end inlet of the reactor 30 Thereby realizing the gasification condition and inducing and controlling the partial oxidation reaction. 7A and 7B, the upper fixing device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a steam heating means 114 on the side of the steam supply line 22 so that steam is condensed And the temperature of the steam can be controlled.

7A, the upper fixing device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first water jacket 21 and a second water jacket 23.

The first water jacket 21 according to an embodiment of the present invention is configured to allow cooling water to flow into and discharge from the upper space of the upper fixing unit 20 of the steam supply line 22. [ The second water jacket 23 is configured to allow the cooling water to flow into and discharge from the lower space of the lower fixing device 20 of the steam supply line 22. The first water jacket 21 and the second water jacket 23 have a cooling water inflow portion and a discharge portion and the cooling water supply means is controlled by the control portion 110 and the first water jacket 21 and the second water jacket 23 The flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the pipe can be adjusted.

Therefore, the upper fixing device 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the first water jacket 21 and the second water jacket 23, thereby cooling the upper end of the reactor 30, Damage, leakage, breakage, or the like of the fastening member 24 and the upper sealing member 25 can be prevented.

6 and 8, the lower fixing device 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention is fastened to the lower end of the reactor 30, and the ash from the reactor 30 is introduced. The lower fixing device 40 is firmly fastened to the lower end of the reactor 30 by the lower fastening member 42 and the lower sealing member 43.

The lower fixing device 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a lower water jacket 41 for cooling the lower end of the reactor 30 and the ash discharged from the reactor 30.

In addition, the lower water jacket 41 is configured to allow cooling water to flow into and discharge from the internal space of the lower fixing device 40. The lower water jacket 41 has a cooling water inflow portion and a discharge portion, and the control portion 110 controls the cooling water supply means to control the flow rate of the cooling water flowing in the lower water jacket 41.

The lower fixing device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided with the lower water jacket 41 so that the lower end of the reactor 30 is cooled so that the lower coupling member 42, Damage, leakage, breakage, or the like of the battery 43 can be prevented.

In the solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the upper fixing unit 20 and the lower fixing unit 40 are made of a metal material, and the reactor 30 is made of a ceramic material.

6 and 9, the solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is connected to the lower end of the lower fixing unit 40 and is capable of continuous sampling in a pressurized, And a batch sampling device 50 for performing a batch process.

9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ash sampling apparatus 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 illustrates a side view of the ash port 60 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 11A is a partial perspective view of the ash port 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11B also illustrates a partial side view of the ash port 60 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

The ash sampling apparatus 50 applied to the solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 51, a casing 53, a ash port 60, 70), and the like.

9, the housing 51 according to an embodiment of the present invention is coupled to the lower end of the lower fixing device 40 and includes an inner space. The casing 53 is formed on one side of the housing 51 And has an inner space communicated with the inner space of the housing 51. As shown in Fig.

9, 10, 11A, and 11B, the ash port 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a ash collection unit 61, a rotating rod 63, (64). ≪ / RTI > The ash collecting unit 61 is located in the inner space of the housing 51 to collect the ash in the reaction test mode and the ashtray rod 63 is connected to the ash collecting unit 61, .

The pressure blocking means 70 according to an embodiment of the present invention divides the inside of the casing 53 into a pressurizing space and a pressure releasing space in the replace mode and opens the pressurizing space and the pressure releasing space in the reaction mode, .

The pressure blocking means 70 includes a blocking member 71 and a driving unit 72 for driving the blocking member 71. The blocking member 71 is provided with a pressure- The left inner space is the pressurizing space, and the right inner space is the pressure relieving space.

Therefore, in the replacement mode, the handle 64 of the ash port 60 is pulled out while the high pressure and high temperature state of the reactor 30 are maintained to move the ash collecting section 61 to the pressure release space side, Is driven by the driving unit 72 to partition the inside of the casing 53 into the pressurizing space and the pressure releasing space.

When the space is partitioned by the blocking member 71, the pressurized space and the inside of the reactor 30 are continuously pressurized and maintained at a high temperature, and the pressure is released in the pressure relieving space.

9, one side of the casing 53 is connected to the housing 51, and the other side of the casing 53 includes a detachable sealing cap 54 for sealing and opening the casing 53 .

One side of the rotating rod 63 is connected to the ash collector 61 and the other side has a handle 64 positioned to protrude to the outside of the sealing cap 54. Therefore, by opening the sealing cap 54, the entire ash port 60 can be separated to the outside.

After the ash port 60 is detached to the outside, the ash collected in the ash collection unit 61 of the ash port 60 is separated, the ash port 60 is inserted into the depressurization space again, And the blocking member 71 is driven by the driving unit 72 of the pressing member 70 to open the pressing space and the pressure releasing space.

Then, the ash port 60 is moved again so that the ash collecting section 61 is located in the inner space of the housing 51. Then, the reaction mode is resumed. In this process, the high-temperature and high-pressure states in the reactor 30 are still maintained, and the reactivity tests are successively conducted in the steady state while changing the experimental conditions while changing the type of the solid fuel or releasing the pressure in the reactor 30 .

9, the ash sampling apparatus 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hopper 52 mounted on the upper end of the housing 51 and configured to be gradually reduced in diameter to the lower end , And the ash discharged from the reactor (30) is collected by the ash collection unit (61).

The ash sampling apparatus 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include an angle adjusting unit 60 provided between the ash collecting unit 61 and the rotating shaft 63 to adjust the angle of the ash collecting unit 61 62 and may include a moving roller provided between the rotating rod 63 and the inner surface of the casing 53 to move the ash port 60.

In addition, the continuous solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 under the pressurized condition using the ash sampling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the controller 110 to control the measuring apparatus as a whole. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a control flow of the controller 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

That is, the control unit 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention can control the amount of solid fuel supplied to the solid fuel supply unit 10 by controlling the solid fuel supply unit 111 that supplies the solid fuel to the solid fuel supply unit 10, It is possible to control the oxidant supply means 112 for supplying the oxidant to the oxidant supply unit 10, thereby adjusting the amount of the oxidant supplied.

The control unit 110 controls the amount of steam supplied to the reactor 30 by controlling the steam supply unit 113 and controls the temperature of the supplied steam by controlling the steam heating unit 114 .

The controller 110 controls the first water jacket 21, the second water jacket 23 and the lower water jacket 41 to control the first water jacket 21, the second water jacket 23, And the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the lower water jacket 41 can be adjusted.

The control unit 110 may control the pressurizing unit to adjust the pressure in the reactor 30 to maintain the set pressure and may control the heating furnace 31 to maintain the temperature in the reactor 30 at the set temperature. have.

The control unit 110 opens the pressure space and the pressure disassembly space in the casing 53 in the reaction mode and the pressure space and the pressure disassembly space in the casing 53 in the replacement mode, Thereby controlling the pressure shut-off means 70.

Hereinafter, a solid fuel reactivity measuring method using the solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. 13 is a flowchart of a method of measuring the reactivity using the ash sampling apparatus 50 for solid fuel reactivity measurement under pressurization conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.

And the reactor 30 is heated by the heating furnace 31. The temperature of the reactor 30 is raised to about 500 ° C, held for about 30 minutes, heated again to a set temperature of about 1000 ° C or higher at a heating rate of 6 to 10 ° C / min, S1).

After heating the reactor 30, the reactor 30 is pressurized by the pressurizing means so that the pressure in the reactor 30 is maintained at a set pressure (S2).

Then, the solid fuel and the oxidant are supplied to the solid fuel supply unit 10 connected to the upper end of the reactor 30 (S3). The connection end is cooled by the first water jacket 21 of the upper fixing device 20 provided at the connection end between the upper end of the reactor 30 and the solid fuel supply part 10. This cooling step lasts as needed until the end of the experiment.

Steam is supplied to the inlet of the reactor 30 by the steam supply line 22 of the steam supply means 113 connected to the upper fixing device 20 and the steam is supplied to the reactor 30 The steam supplied to the steam generator is heated.

The second water jacket 23 provided on the outer peripheral side of the inlet end of the reactor 30 cools the inlet end side of the reactor 30. [

Then, the solid fuel, the oxidant, and steam are introduced into the reactor 30 to cause the gasification reaction (S4). The ash is discharged to the lower end of the reactor 30 and the discharged ash is cooled by the lower water jacket 41 of the lower fixture 40 provided at the lower end of the reactor 30 (S5). This cooling step lasts as needed until the end of the experiment.

Then, the ash discharged from the reactor 30 is collected by the ash collection unit 61 of the ash port 60 (S6). Then, in the replacement mode, the ash collection unit 61 of the ash port 60 is moved to the pressure release space in the casing 53 while maintaining the high pressure and high temperature state of the reactor 30 (S7). Then, the inside of the casing 53 is partitioned into the pressurizing space and the pressure releasing space by the pressure cut-off means 70 (S8).

Next, the ash port 60 is detached from the batch sampling device 50 to separate the ash in the ash collection section 61.

In order to continuously perform the experiment (S9), the experiment may be continuously performed under the same experimental condition, or the experiment may be continuously performed by changing the experimental condition of the reactor 30. [

That is, the pressure shutoff means 70 is opened and the ash collecting unit 61 is again located in the inner space of the housing 51 to start the reaction mode again. According to an embodiment of the present invention, even when the experimental conditions are changed, the gasification reaction experiment can be efficiently performed while maintaining the steady state of the reactor 30.

14A is a graph showing a time-dependent pressure graph showing an existing PDTR test method. FIG. 14B is a graph illustrating a time-dependent pressure graph illustrating an experimental method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 14A, in the conventional experimental method, the experiment is performed three times, and the pressurization process and the pressure release process are performed for each experiment. However, as shown in FIG. 14B, according to an embodiment of the present invention It is possible to shorten the entire experiment time from about 400 minutes to about 200 minutes by continuously performing the experiment under the condition of high temperature and pressurization.

15A shows the flue gas component versus time versus pressure graph in accordance with conventional PDTR experiments. FIG. 15B is a graph showing the flue gas components and the pressure according to the time shown in the experimental procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 15A, in the conventional experiment, it was possible to perform the experiment only under the same condition under the same condition under the high temperature and pressurized condition, but in the experiment according to the embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 15B, , It can be seen that the experiment becomes possible while changing the experimental conditions.

The present invention can also be embodied as computer-readable codes on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording apparatuses in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include a ROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like, and may be implemented in the form of a carrier wave (for example, transmission over the Internet) . In addition, the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed over network-connected computer systems so that computer readable codes can be stored and executed in a distributed manner. In addition, functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the present invention can be easily inferred by programmers of the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

It should be noted that the above-described apparatus and method are not limited to the configurations and methods of the embodiments described above, but the embodiments may be modified so that all or some of the embodiments are selectively combined .

1: Conventional PDTR reactor
2; ash tank
10: Solid fuel supply
20: upper fixing device
21: First water jacket
22: Steam supply line
23: Second water jacket
24: upper fastening member
25: Upper sealing member
30: Reactor
31: heating furnace
40: lower fixing device
41: Lower water jacket
42: Lower fastening member
43: Lower sealing member
50: Batch sampling device
51: Housing
52: Hopper
53: casing
54: sealing cap
60: ash port
61:
62:
63: Ashes of the Ashes
64: Handle portion
70: pressure blocking means
71: blocking member
72:
100: Continuous solid fuel reactivity measuring device under pressurized condition using batch sampling device
110:
111: Solid fuel supply means
112: oxidant supply means
113: Steam supply means
114: Steam heating means

Claims (26)

A reactor in which an oxidant and a solid fuel are injected into the upper part and the ash is discharged to the lower part by gasification reaction; A coal supply unit for introducing the solid fuel and the oxidant into the upper side of the reactor; An upper fixing device provided on the coal supply part and the upper connection part side of the reactor and having a first water jacket for cooling the discharge end side of the coal supply part; A heating furnace for heating the reactor; A pressing means for pressing the inside of the reactor; A lower fixing device fastened to the lower end of the reactor and having a lower water jacket for cooling the ash discharged from the reactor; Steam supply means for supplying steam to the reactor inlet end; And a solid fuel reactive measuring device connected to a lower end of the lower fixing device,
A housing coupled to a lower end of the tubular reactor and having an inner space;
A casing connected to one side of the housing and having an internal space communicated with an internal space of the housing;
A aspiration port connected to the ash collecting section and having a circulating rod provided in the casing internal space, the ash port being located in an inner space of the housing in a reaction test mode; And
In the replacement mode, pressure blocking means for partitioning the inside of the casing into the pressure space and the pressure release space;
A hopper mounted on an upper end of the housing and gradually decreasing in diameter to a lower end to collect the ash discharged from the reactor by the ash collecting unit;
An angle regulating unit provided between the ash collecting unit and the rotating rod to adjust an angle of the ash collecting unit; And
And a moving roller provided between the ashing rod and the inner surface of the casing for moving the rotating rod. The batch sampling device for continuous solid fuel reactivity measurement under pressurized condition.
The method according to claim 1,
In replacement mode,
The ash collecting section of the ash port is moved to the pressure release space while maintaining the high pressure and high temperature state of the reactor, and the inside of the casing is divided into the pressurizing space and the pressure releasing space by the pressure shut- Wherein the ash collection unit is located in the interior space of the housing by opening the pressure shutoff means after separating the ash.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the one side of the casing is connected to the housing and the other side of the casing includes a detachable sealing cap for sealing and opening the casing.
The method of claim 3,
Wherein the one side of the aspirating rod is connected to the ash collecting unit and the other side has a handle positioned to protrude outward of the sealing cap.
delete delete delete The method according to claim 1,
The pressure-
A blocking member for partitioning and opening the inside of the casing into a pressure space and a pressure release space; and a driving unit for driving the blocking member.
delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete
KR1020150059243A 2015-04-27 2015-04-27 Apparatus and method for measuring coal reactivity using ash sampling unit under pressure KR101678201B1 (en)

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