KR101953731B1 - PDTR including an apparatus for preventing steam condensation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a PDTR including a steam supply device for supplying steam to a PDTR including a steam condensation prevention device and a steam condensation prevention device including the steam supply device.
According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent breakage of the reactor due to condensation of steam without damaging, leaking or damaging the upper fastening member or the upper sealing member by locally heating only the vicinity of the steam nozzle. In particular, despite the long operation time, damage of the reactor, which may occur in the conventional apparatus, did not occur.

Description

[0002] A PDTR including a steam condensation prevention device (PDTR including an apparatus for preventing steam condensation)

The present invention relates to a steam supply device for supplying steam to an apparatus for continuous measurement of solid fuel reactivity under pressurized conditions and to an apparatus for continuous measurement of solid fuel reactivity under pressurized conditions including the steam supply apparatus, And a PDTR for continuous measurement of coal reactivity including the steam supply device.

Coal gasification is the conversion of coal into gas such as CO, H ₂ , CO ₂ , and CH ₄ by reacting it with a gasifier such as water vapor, oxygen, hydrogen or carbonic acid gas. The performance of coal gasification depends on the properties of the coal, It depends on the operating conditions.

Coal contains combustible minerals, nitrogen, sulfur and various minerals, and these components have different proportions depending on the type of coal. Since coal has different physical structure depending on the type of coal, it is difficult to uniformly interpret the characteristics of gasification for all coal.

On the other hand, the coal gasification not only changes the reaction path depending on the operating conditions but also shows differences in gasification products and reaction performance. However, the most important function of the gasifier is to convert the coal into a gaseous phase, to obtain a desired gas, and at the same time to discharge the component (ash) of the coal stably out of the reactor. For this purpose, it is very important to grasp the phenomenon occurring inside the gasifier and to control the operating conditions.

Various commercialized gasifiers have been operated, but many trials and errors have been made to derive the optimal operating conditions for each type of coal. It is still a difficult task to properly measure and predict reactivity in already designed and operating plants.

Coal gasification is composed of two steps. The first step is the decomposition of coal, which decomposes very rapidly at high temperature. It is a gaseous material composed mainly of CO ₂ , CO, H ₂ O, H ₂ and CH ₄ A liquid substance called tar, and a decomposition residue, char. There is no significant difference in the initial products due to the difference in pyrolysis reaction, but pyrolysis products are different due to continuous pyrolysis and additional reaction with various gases. Especially, in the cracked bed gasifier, since pyrolysis itself is a rapid pyrolysis which occurs at a very high rate, there is a great difference in the degree of product distribution and volatilization from the low rate heating characteristic.

The stratified bed reactor is a gasification reaction at a temperature exceeding the melting point of the ash (1400 ° C) while simultaneously transporting the coal and the gasifying agent in the same direction. Typically, there are Shell, GE, KT and E-gas processes. Coal and gas are suspended in the gasifier when pulverized coal pulverized in the form of powder is supplied to the gasifier together with water vapor and oxygen so that the mass of the cullet having a size of 200mesh or less is 70% or more.

Inside the gasifier, the gasification must be completed before the coal particles escape from the reactor to prevent as much unreacted carbon from escaping the gasifier as possible. In order to maintain the rapid reaction rate, it is very important that the coal particles are undifferentiated, maintaining a high reaction temperature, mixing of reactants for gasification, securing of residence time, and so on.

When the gasification reaction is performed at a high speed, it is possible to cope with load fluctuations sensitively. Because of the high-temperature reaction, the classification layer gasification system, which is characterized by a rapid reaction rate, does not generate tar and phenol, and has a wide range of usable seeds. Also, a large amount of hot gas can be produced with a simple operation and relatively smaller gasifier than a fixed bed or fluidized bed system. However, the heat loss of the entire system is large, and the molten meeting discharging device is somewhat complicated, so that the heat resistance of the equipment must be secured.

As a result of the study, the gasification reaction at the operation temperature below 1,000 ℃ is considered to be the operating condition of temperature, pressure and coal It has been reported that it depends on the coal grade, pore structure, mineral content, pyrolysis conditions,

The relationship between these factors according to the bull species is not clear enough to express reactivity uniformly. Generally, in the gas-solid reaction, the rate-controlling step changes from chemical reaction to mass transfer as the reaction gets higher in temperature. However, it is known that there is a difference in chemical reactivity due to the difference in the number of the noble metal even under high-

Since 1990, it has been proved that IGCC power generation is the most efficient and clean method. As a result, studies on coal gasification reactivity were gradually made under the conditions of 2.5 ~ 3.0MPa, which is typically operated in the gasifier, and maximum temperature of 1,500 ℃, which is higher than the reflux point.

Until now, huge efforts have been made to develop various gasifiers and to optimize the operating conditions in demonstration plants because the coals with very different properties are buried in the world and they are used and mined. Since Japan imports coal, which is a fuel for power generation, from many foreign countries, it has a lot of results for reactivity research under high temperature and pressurization conditions such as CRIEPI and MHI.

In this way, a variety of coal fodder has been used due to the increase in the amount of coal used. Therefore, reactivity measurement data for the reactor design and operating conditions are necessary. In order to simulate the gasification reactor, it is also necessary to obtain kinetic data for the coal gasification reaction. Especially, commercial gasification equipment is operated under most pressurized conditions, and a device capable of measuring the reactivity of coal under pressurized conditions is needed. That is, it is necessary to secure data on coal under operating conditions of high-temperature, high-pressure and rapid-heating demonstration plants.

TGA, which is a typical coal reactivity measuring device, is operated at low-speed heating and atmospheric pressure conditions and is not suitable as data for simulating actual processes.

The Pressurized Drop Tube Reactor (PDTR) device can simulate a classifying bed gasifier as a typical commercial gasifier in a small reactor. Figure 1 shows a photograph of a conventional PDTR reactor (1). Fig. 2 shows a photograph of the PDTR in a state in which the heating furnace 31 is open.

1 and 2, a conventional PDTR reactor 1 includes a tubular reactor 30 provided in a heating furnace 31 and a heating furnace 31, and an upper portion of the reactor 30, The ash is collected between the reactor 30 and the coal supply unit 10 to supply the steam to the inlet of the reactor 30, (Not shown), and the like.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a reactive measurement apparatus 100 using a batch sampling apparatus for solid fuel reactivity measurement under the conventional pressurization conditions disclosed in Patent Document 1. In FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the upper fixing device 20 of Patent Document 1. In Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig.

The solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 using the ash sampling apparatus 50 includes a solid fuel supply unit 10, an upper fixing unit 20, a reactor 30, a heating furnace 31, a lower fixing unit 40, A sampling device 50, and the like. The reactor (30) is in the form of a tube, the oxidant and the solid fuel are injected into the upper part, and the ash is discharged to the lower part by the gasification reaction. A heating furnace 31 may be provided to surround the outside of the reactor 30 to raise and maintain the internal temperature of the reactor 30 to a predetermined temperature. The heating furnace 31 is configured to be opened, and the temperature of the reactor 30 can be controlled by the control unit 110.

(Not shown) so as to raise and maintain the internal pressure of the reactor 30 to a predetermined pressure. Such a pressurizing means is also controlled by the controller 110 so as to control the pressure in the reactor 30 do. The continuous solid fuel reactivity measuring apparatus 100 at the pressurizing condition using the ash sampling apparatus 50 described in Patent Document 1 is provided with the solid fuel supply unit 10 at the upper side of the reactor 30, The oxidant is introduced. The introduction of the solid fuel and the oxidant into the reactor 30 can be performed through a separate line, and the amount of the oxidant and the amount of solid fuel introduced by the control unit 110, including the oxidant supply means and the solid fuel supply means, .

As shown in FIG. 4, the upper fixing device 20 is provided outside the connection end connecting the upper end of the reactor 30 and the solid fuel supply part 10. The upper fixing unit 20 is formed in the shape of a tube having an inner space to surround the upper end of the reactor 30 and the solid fuel supply unit 10 and is disposed between the upper end upper surface of the reactor 30 and the lower end inner surface of the upper fixing unit 20. [ Is fastened by the upper fastening member (24), and tightly fastened by the upper sealing member (25).

The upper fixing device 20 is connected to the steam supply line 22 as shown in FIG. That is, the steam supply line 22 is connected to the lower end of the solid fuel supply unit 10 through an upper fixing unit 20, and supplies steam to the upper end inlet of the reactor 30 to realize a gasification condition, Thereby inducing and controlling the reaction. As shown in FIG. 4 or 5, the upper fixing unit 20 includes a steam heating unit 114 on the side of the steam supply line 22 so as to prevent the steam from being condensed and to adjust the temperature of the steam Respectively.

As shown in FIG. 4, the upper fixing device 20 of Patent Document 1 includes a first water jacket 21 and a second water jacket 23. The first water jacket 21 is configured to allow the cooling water to flow into and discharge from the upper space of the upper fixing device 20 of the steam supply line 22. The second water jacket 23 is configured to allow the cooling water to flow into and discharge from the lower space of the lower fixing device 20 of the steam supply line 22. The first water jacket 21 and the second water jacket 23 have a cooling water inflow portion and a discharge portion and the cooling water supply means is controlled by the control portion 110 and the first water jacket 21 and the second water jacket 23 The flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the pipe can be adjusted. The upper fixing device 20 is provided with the first water jacket 21 and the second water jacket 23 so that the upper end of the reactor 30 is cooled and the upper fastening member 24 and the upper sealing member 25, 25, or the like can be prevented. As shown in FIG. 3, the lower fixing device 40 is fastened to the lower end of the reactor 30, and the ash from the reactor 30 is introduced. The upper fixing device 20 and the lower fixing device 40 are made of a metal material, and the reactor 30 is made of a ceramic material or the like. And a batch sampling device 50 connected to the lower end of the lower fixing device 40 for enabling continuous sampling at a high pressure and a high temperature.

A detailed description of a conventional PDTR reactor is described in Patent Document 1, and a further explanation thereof will be omitted.

However, as shown in FIG. 5, the reactivity measuring apparatus 100 of Patent Document 1 is equipped with a steam heating means 114 on the side of the steam supply line 22 of the upper fixing device 20 to prevent condensation of steam The temperature of the steam can be controlled.

There is a problem that the reactor is broken due to condensation during the supply of steam. In order to solve the problem, the steam heating means 114 designed by the present applicant is provided, but the reactor continues to be damaged in a long time of operation. FIGS. 6 and 7 show that the alumina reactor and the inconel reactor due to condensation during PDTR steam supply are broken.

The cooling water by the second water jacket 23 provided to cool the upper end of the reactor 30 and prevent damage, leakage, breakage, and the like of the upper side upper coupling member 24 and the upper side sealing member 25, And it is analyzed that the steam supplied to the actual high temperature due to such cooling is condensed at the upper end of the reactor to damage the reactor.

In the patent document 1, the steam heating means 114 for heating the steam is provided. However, such a configuration can not solve the above problem. When the temperature of the surroundings including the steam supply line 22 is increased by using the steam heating means 114 in order to solve the above problem, Breakage or the like occurred.

Korean Patent No. 1678201

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for preventing steam from being damaged by condensation of steam in a reactor without causing damage, leakage or breakage of the upper fastening member 24 or the upper sealing member 25 30 of the first embodiment of the present invention.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a steam supply device for supplying steam to a PDTR including a steam condensation prevention device, the steam supply device comprising: a plurality of steam Nozzle; A steam supply line located at a side of the steam nozzle for supplying steam; And a steam heating unit in which a plurality of built-in heating elements for heating the steam surround the steam nozzle. The steam supply unit supplies steam to the apparatus for continuous measurement of coal reactivity under a pressurizing condition.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a steam supply apparatus for supplying steam to an apparatus for continuous measurement of coal reactivity under a pressurizing condition surrounding the solid fuel supply pipe end at the lower end of the solid fuel supply unit.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the steam heating unit, a plurality of extension holes are disposed on the same plane as the steam nozzle, the steam nozzle surrounds the steam nozzle, and a heating element is provided in the extension hole, A steam supply device for supplying steam to a device for continuous measurement of coal reactivity is provided.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system comprising: a reactor in the form of a tube, in which an oxidant and a solid fuel are injected into the upper part and the ash is discharged to the lower part by gasification reaction; A coal supply unit for introducing the solid fuel and the oxidant into the upper side of the reactor; A first water jacket provided on the coal supply part and a top connection part side of the reactor for cooling the discharge end side of the coal supply part and a second water jacket disposed on the upper end of the first water jacket, An upper fixing device having a steam supply device; A heating furnace for heating the reactor; A pressing means for pressing the inside of the reactor; A lower fixing device fastened to the lower end of the reactor and having a lower water jacket for cooling the ash discharged from the reactor; And an ash sampling device connected to a lower end of the lower fixing device and for continuous coal reactivity measurement under a pressurized condition, the device for continuous measurement of coal reactivity under pressurized conditions.

A fifth aspect according to the present invention provides a PDTR including a steam condensation prevention device provided on the outer peripheral side of the reactor inlet end, further comprising a second water jacket for cooling the reactor inlet end side.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system including an upper sealing member provided between the upper fixing device and the upper end of the reactor for sealing between the upper fixing device and the reactor, and a lower sealing member provided between the lower fixing device and the lower end of the reactor, And a lower sealing member for sealing between the lower fixing device and the reactor.

A seventh aspect according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a steam generator, comprising the steps of: supplying the solid fuel, the oxidizer, the steam, and the first water jacket, the second water jacket, And a controller for controlling at least one of the ash sampling apparatus and the steam condensation prevention apparatus.

The present invention can prevent damage to the reactor (30) due to condensation of steam without causing damage, leakage, or breakage of the upper fastening member (24) or the upper sealing member (25). In particular, despite the long operation time, damage of the reactor, which may occur in the conventional apparatus, did not occur.

Figure 1 is a photograph of a conventional PDTR reactor.
2 is a photograph of the PDTR in a state where the existing heating furnace is opened.
3 is a cross-sectional view of a reactivity measuring apparatus using a batch sampling apparatus for measuring coal reactivity under a pressurizing condition according to the prior art.
4 is a cross-sectional view of an upper fixture portion according to the prior art.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of Fig.
6 is a photograph of breakage of the alumina reactor according to the prior art.
7 is a photograph of breakage of the Inconel reactor according to the prior art.
8 is a cross-sectional view of an upper fixture portion according to one embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in Fig.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein but may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments disclosed herein are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art.

In this specification, when an element is referred to as being on another element, it may be directly formed on another element, or a third element may be interposed therebetween. Further, in the drawings, the thickness of the components is exaggerated for an effective description of the technical content.

Embodiments described herein will be described with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views that are ideal illustrations of the present invention. In the drawings, the thicknesses of the films and regions are exaggerated for an effective description of the technical content. Thus, the shape of the illustrations may be modified by manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific forms shown, but also include changes in the shapes that are produced according to the manufacturing process. For example, the etched area shown at right angles may be rounded or may have a shape with a certain curvature. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures have attributes, and the shapes of the regions illustrated in the figures are intended to illustrate specific forms of regions of the elements and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although the terms first, second, etc. have been used in various embodiments of the present disclosure to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms have only been used to distinguish one component from another. The embodiments described and exemplified herein also include their complementary embodiments.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of illustrating embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In the present specification, the singular form includes plural forms unless otherwise specified in the specification. The terms "comprises" and / or "comprising" used in the specification do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements.

In describing the specific embodiments below, various specific details have been set forth in order to explain the invention in greater detail and to assist in understanding it. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be understood by those skilled in the art without departing from such specific details. In some instances, it should be noted that portions of the invention that are not commonly known in the description of the invention and are not significantly related to the invention do not describe confusing reasons to explain the present invention.

Hereinafter, the configuration and function of the reactivity measuring apparatus 100 using the ash sampling apparatus for solid fuel reactivity measurement under the pressurizing condition according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

8 is a cross-sectional view of an upper fixture portion according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG.

The steam supply device for supplying steam to the PDTR including the steam condensation prevention device includes a plurality of steam nozzles 122 positioned at a lower end of the solid fuel supply part for spraying steam, a steam nozzle 122 disposed at the side of the steam nozzle 122, A steam supply line 22 for supplying steam, and a plurality of built-in heating elements 121 for heating the steam, the steam heating unit 120 surrounding the steam nozzle.

The steam nozzle 122 surrounds the solid fuel supply pipe 10 at the distal end of the solid fuel supply pipe (not shown). At this time, the steam heating unit 120 is located on the same plane as the steam nozzle 122 and has a plurality of adjacent extended holes surrounding the steam nozzle 122, and a heating element is provided in the extended hole . Particularly, the heating element locally generates heat locally only near the steam nozzle 122 and directly affects steam only. So that the steam can be supplied to the reactor in a state in which steam is not condensed with little damage to the upper fastening member 24 or the upper sealing member 25. [ This effect can never be obtained by the conventional heating means. The inventors of the present invention have found that the desired effect of the present invention is obtained when only the portion closest to the steam nozzle 122 is heated after the endeavor.

1: Conventional PDTR reactor
2; ash tank
10: Solid fuel supply
20: upper fixing device
21: First water jacket
22: Steam supply line
23: Second water jacket
24: upper fastening member
25: Upper sealing member
30: Reactor
31: heating furnace
40: lower fixing device
50: Batch sampling device
100: Continuous solid fuel reactivity measuring device under pressurized condition using batch sampling device
110:
114: Steam heating means
120: Steam heating section
121: Built-in heating element
122: Steam nozzle

Claims (7)

1. A steam supply device for supplying steam to a PDTR including a steam condensation prevention device,
A plurality of steam nozzles located at a lower end of the solid fuel supply unit and injecting steam;
A steam supply line located at a side of the steam nozzle for supplying steam;
A steam heating unit in which a plurality of built-in heating members for heating the steam surrounds the steam nozzle;
/ RTI >
The steam nozzle surrounds the solid fuel supply pipe at the lower end of the solid fuel supply unit,
The steam heating unit is disposed on the same plane as the steam nozzle and includes a plurality of adjacent extension holes surrounding the steam nozzle,
The heat generating element locally generates heat only in the vicinity of the steam nozzle,
Wherein the end of the solid fuel supply unit supplies steam to a device for continuous measurement of coal reactivity under a pressurized condition that extends further below the steam nozzle. delete delete A reactor in which an oxidant and a solid fuel are injected into the upper part and the ash is discharged to the lower part by gasification reaction;
A coal supply unit for introducing the solid fuel and the oxidant into the upper side of the reactor;
A first water jacket provided on the side of the coal supply part and an upper end connection part of the reactor for cooling the discharge end side of the coal supply part and a second water jacket disposed on the upper end of the first water jacket, An upper fixing device having a steam supply device according to claim 1;
A heating furnace for heating the reactor;
A pressing means for pressing the inside of the reactor;
A lower fixing device fastened to the lower end of the reactor and having a lower water jacket for cooling the ash discharged from the reactor; And
A batch sampling device connected to the lower end of the lower fixture for continuous coal reactivity measurement under pressurized conditions;
For a continuous measurement of coal reactivity under pressurized conditions. 5. The method of claim 4,
And a second water jacket provided on the outer peripheral side of the reactor inlet end for cooling the reactor inlet end side. 5. The method of claim 4,
An upper sealing member provided between the upper fixing device and the upper end of the reactor for sealing between the upper fixing device and the reactor,
And a lower sealing member provided between the lower fixing device and the lower end of the reactor for sealing between the lower fixing device and the reactor. 6. The method of claim 5,
At least one of the first water jacket, the second water jacket, the pressurizing means, the heating furnace, the lower water jacket, the steam heating unit, and the ash sampling unit Further comprising a control unit for controlling one of the plurality of coal reactors.

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