CN103805217A - High-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method - Google Patents
High-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103805217A CN103805217A CN201410063585.1A CN201410063585A CN103805217A CN 103805217 A CN103805217 A CN 103805217A CN 201410063585 A CN201410063585 A CN 201410063585A CN 103805217 A CN103805217 A CN 103805217A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method. The system comprises a heating decomposing device, a gas collection and treatment system and an automatic electric control system, wherein the heating decomposing device comprises a pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body; the furnace body is connected with a material storage cabin; pyrolyzed gas generated by materials is conveyed to the gas collection and treatment system; a discharging opening is formed in one end of the furnace body; a first sealing device capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the discharging opening; a propelling device for pushing a material boat into the furnace body from the material storage cabin is arranged on the outer side of the other end of the material storage cabin. According to the high-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method, not only can mixing of environment air be prevented, but also the temperature of the experiment material can be rapidly raised to a pre-set temperature from a normal temperature and the pyrolyzed gas needed by an experiment can be sufficiently and rapidly discharged under a pre-set temperature; and the operation difficulty of the experiment is reduced and the accuracy and the reliability of data acquisition are improved. Particularly, the high-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method have the unique advantages in the aspects of large experiment capacity, a high experiment temperature and accurate control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Solid waste disposal field, particularly relate to a kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system and method thereof, be for high pyrolysis temperature, test that inventory, Multi-stage cooling are processed and Pyrolysis Experiment application system and the method for automatic sequence control greatly.
Background technology
High temperature pyrolysis technology is to research and develop a kind of refuse treatment new technology out in recent years.At the beginning of the nineties, external scientist studies and finds can produce the carcinogens-Dioxins extremely harmful to human body in Refuse Incineration Process.Therefore, western developed country, when the secondary pollution of burning generation is administered in research, is thrown the new technology of garbage disposal of huge fund development research.Refuse pyrolysis technology is generally good by various countries environment specialist, thinks that this is that refuse treatment is innoxious, minimizing and resource utilization Yi Tiaoxin road.Developed country drops into a large amount of manpower and materials and researchs and develops, and obtains gratifying achievement.
Pyrolysis method and burning method are two diverse processes.Burning is an exothermic process, and pyrolysis need to absorb amount of heat.The primary product burning is carbonic acid gas and water, and the primary product of pyrolysis is flammable low molecular compound: the hydrogen of gaseous state, methane, carbon monoxide; The organism such as liquid methyl alcohol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and tar, solvent wet goods.Solid-state is mainly coke and carbon black.
Pyrolysis method is the thermolability of utilizing organic matter in garbage, under anaerobic or anoxia condition, it is added to thermal distillation, makes organism produce cracking, forms various new gas, liquid and solid after condensation, therefrom extracts the process of oil fuel, combustible gas.The essence of pyrolysis is that heating organic molecule makes it to be cracked into the process that small molecules is separated out, the physical and chemical process that it has comprised many complexity.
Thermal decomposition process is due to the difference of the aspects such as heat-supplying mode, product form, pyrolysis oven structure, and pyrolysis way is different, and by pyrolysis temperature difference, 1000 ℃ are called high temperature pyrolysis above, 600-700 ℃ be called in warm solution, 600 ℃ hereinafter referred to as low temperature pyrogenation.
In order to study targetedly refuse pyrolysis technology, must build applicable Pyrolysis Experiment device.
Notification number be CN 202717755U patent " a kind of solid waste derivatived fuel Pyrolysis Experiment device " proposed, this device has following several defect for Pyrolysis Experiment: 1, the volume of this system pyrolysis installation only has 1 liter, and the Dioxins that cannot meet the more than 5 kilograms material of a pyrolysis detects regular requirement.2, continuous feeding, continuous discharge during due to this device busy, so be difficult to accomplish excellent sealing, pyrolysis temperature is difficult to improve equably, is more difficult to stablize.If again cannot feed by the import of pyrolysis installation and exit seal.3, feeder channel is narrower, and putty problem is difficult to solve.4, this system pyrolysis Heating temperature cannot reach 800 ℃, cannot meet the experiment needs of high temperature pyrolysis.Therefore, the one-piece construction of this pyrolysis installation can not meet the requirement of experimental data.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system and method thereof, this high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique can be sent into the experiment material (as derivatived fuel RDF) that is no less than 5 kilograms (approximately 10 liters) of cold conditions in the pyrolysis oven that reaches preset temperature under sealed state, and the gas of high temperature pyrolysis generation is carried out to solid, liquid separation, make pyrolysis gas temperature be down to room temperature for analyzing experiment simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, comprise thermal degradation device, collection and confinement of gases treatment system and realize the control of thermal degradation device and the electric control system of gas collection processing system implementing gas processing, described thermal degradation device comprises pyrolysis oven, described pyrolysis oven comprises that one is connected with protection source of the gas the body of heater that also preliminary filling shielding gas heats up, described body of heater connects one and after design temperature, in body of heater, sends into the storage bin of testing material when temperature rise in body of heater, the pyrolysis gas that experiment material produces by high temperature is delivered to described collection and confinement of gases treatment system by the gas piping being connected with body of heater, one end of described body of heater is discharge port, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system to be opened/closed, the other end of described body of heater is opening for feed, described opening for feed is communicated with the sealing of described storage bin one end, in described storage bin, be placed with the material boat of dress experiment material, the described storage bin the other end is provided with sealing guide hole, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has and will expect that boat is pushed into the puopulsion unit in body of heater from storage bin, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod, the termination of described charging push rod extend in described storage bin and is connected with material boat from described sealing guide hole.
Further, described pyrolysis oven comprises casing, and described casing is penetrated with the horizontal round shape high temperature steel boiler tube as body of heater; In described casing, be positioned at both sides, described boiler tube front and back are distributed with vertical placement globars heating system along axis direction; In described casing, be filled with the lagging material for heat insulation, fixing boiler tube and globars heating system; What described boiler tube stretched out tank ends circumferentially arranges respectively annular cooling water cover, and described watercooling jacket and described boiler tube are made as one, and described boiler tube outside and gas output end are respectively equipped with thermopair.
Be further, described material boat is made up of horizontal heat-resisting steel cylinder, the cylindrical surface upside of described steel cylinder has charging opening, bale handle is equipped with at charging opening place, and the two ends of described steel cylinder seal and are fixed with lagging material and backplate successively respectively, and the volume of described material boat is not less than 10 liters, the outside at described material boat two ends is placed with respectively heat insulation, in the time that material boat is placed in boiler tube working position, described heat insulation is placed in annular cooling water cover place, boiler tube two ends, to guarantee that boiler tube two ends are in low-temperature condition.
Be further, the charging push rod of described puopulsion unit is screw rod, described puopulsion unit comprise be arranged on the electric motor in described storage bin the other end outside, by electric motor driven speed reduction unit and the thrust swivel nut that driven by speed reduction unit, swivel nut entangles screw rod, before and after described spiro rod length direction, is respectively arranged with the travel switch that limits screw rod and material boat shift position.
Be further; in described casing, be provided with shielding gas primary heater unit; described shielding gas primary heater unit is the heat resisting pipe that is coiled in the outer at least one circle of described boiler tube, and one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source, and the other end is communicated with the shielding gas input terminus of described boiler tube.
Further, described collection and confinement of gases treatment system comprises cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, tertiary effluent water cooler, metal cloth filter and the gas flare of series connection successively; Three watercoolers are mutually connected in series and form tertiary effluent water cooler, and the entrance of described cyclonic separator connects body of heater for separating of the solid particulate in pyrolysis gas by tracheae, and the outlet of cyclonic separator connects forced air cooler entrance; The outlet of forced air cooler connects the first step watercooler entrance of tertiary effluent water cooler; The outlet of third stage watercooler is in series with metal cloth filter; The outlet of metal cloth filter is divided into two-way, and a road connects gas analysis instrument, and another road connects gas flare; Described gas flare is for discharge after pyrolysis gas after treatment is burned; In the import of described cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, three watercoolers and gas flare, be respectively arranged with thermopair, described watercooler comprises cooling water tank and U-shaped finned tube, described U-shaped finned tube is placed in described cooling water tank, the bottom of described U-shaped finned tube is communicated with Packed liquid trap, is provided with and coordinates the magnetic valve of controlling described watercooler cooling temperature with thermopair in the cooling water pipeline that described watercooler is connected with cooling water source.
Be further, described electric control system comprises PLC programmable logic controller, touch-screen, thermopair and power element, the signal input circuit of PLC programmable logic controller connects respectively thermopair and the touch-screen of pyrolysis oven, collection and confinement of gases treatment unit, and the control output circuit of PLC programmable logic controller connects the gentle body controlling elements of electrically heated rod, water-cooled valve of pyrolysis oven and gas collection and treatment device by power element; Touch-screen is for arranging all kinds of processing parameters, man-machine dialogue, analog information working order and the gas real-time traffic of controlling experiment whole process, real time temperature and the temperature curve of each monitoring site.
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique, to treat that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material and the heat insulation at two ends are put into the storage bin being connected with body of heater stand-by by packing into for the discharge port of first opening described body of heater one end, then the discharge port of body of heater sealed; Described method is further:
The first step: the nitrogen that utilizes source nitrogen top hole pressure to be not less than 0.2 MPa is got rid of the air in body of heater from the protection gas inlet mouth input of body of heater from pyrolysis gas delivery port, and remains that body of heater internal pressure is malleation;
Second step: the body of heater of sealing is heated to design temperature;
The 3rd step: treat that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material sends packing into in the body of heater that is raised to design temperature, continue to keep the temperature set simultaneously, make to test at high temperature pyrolysis rapidly of material;
The 4th step: the gas that the at high temperature pyrolysis of experiment material disengages in body of heater delivers to by pipeline that gas treating system is processed until the flow of pyrolysis gas is " 0 ";
Described gas processing is:
The first step: first the pyrolysis gas with pressure of exporting in boiler tube is sent into a cyclonic separator and carry out solid particulate separation;
Second step: the pyrolysis gas after separate solid particles is carried out to Multi-stage cooling processing;
The 3rd step: discharge after pyrolysis gas after treatment Multi-stage cooling is sent into respectively to gas analysis instrument and gas flare burning.
Further, the pyrolysis temperature of described setting is room temperature to 1200 degree Celsius.
Further, described method further comprises collects pyrolysis gas every one-level liquid producing of lower the temperature in Multi-stage cooling is processed, and described liquid is for metering and analyze and test.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, the technical program is because employing preheats mode, can under sealed state, will test material (as solid waste derivatived fuel) sends in the pyrolysis oven that reaches preset temp material rapid heating, can prevent mixing of ambient impurities, make the temperature of testing material be elevated to preset temp from normal temperature soon, and under preset temp, fully discharge and test needed pyrolysis gas rapidly, the operation easier that has reduced experiment, has improved accuracy and the reliability of data gathering.Especially aspect large experiment capacity and high experimental temperature, there iing unique advantage.
The experimental data that the mode of the segmentation cooling extraction liquid collecting that 2, the technical program adopts can need just can be obtained the past through many experiments, utilize the present invention once to test, standard experimental arrangement, improved experimental precision, saved experimental period, also reduced experimental cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure for amplifying schematic diagram of thermal degradation device in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of collection and confinement of gases treatment system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the skeleton diagram of electric control system in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, described system comprises thermal degradation device 01, collection and confinement of gases treatment system and realize the control of thermal degradation device and the electric control system of gas collection processing system implementing gas processing, wherein: described thermal degradation device comprises pyrolysis oven 011, described pyrolysis oven comprises that one is connected with protection source of the gas the body of heater that also preliminary filling shielding gas heats up, described body of heater connects one and after design temperature, in body of heater, sends into the storage bin 014 of testing material when temperature rise in body of heater, the pyrolysis gas that experiment material produces by high temperature is delivered to described collection and confinement of gases treatment system by the gas piping being connected with body of heater, one end of described pyrolysis oven body of heater is discharge port, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system 0113 to be opened/closed, described the first tightness system is tongued and grooved flanges, the other end of described pyrolysis oven body of heater is opening for feed, described opening for feed is communicated with the sealing of described storage bin one end, in described storage bin, be placed with the material boat 012 of dress experiment material, the described storage bin the other end is provided with sealing guide hole, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has and will expect that boat is pushed into the puopulsion unit 015 in body of heater from storage bin, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod 0151, the termination of described charging push rod extend in described storage bin and is connected with material boat from described sealing guide hole, described collection and confinement of gases treatment system is provided with the cooling process device of multiple reply Multi-stage heat solution gas temperature liquid collecting.
As can be seen from Figure 2, preferred as one, described pyrolysis oven 011, storage bin 014 and puopulsion unit 015 horizontal positioned from left to right successively.Preferred as another kind, described sealing guide hole is to be provided with a guide hole at described storage bin 014 the other end, be provided with the 3rd tightness system 0142 in the outer face of guide hole, described the 3rd tightness system 0142 has a tapered hole coaxial with described guide hole, tapered hole interior young, collar extension is large, described tapered hole disposes cone seal plug, described cone seal plug is fixedly connected with tapered hole collar extension edge seal by flange arrangement, described cone seal plug is provided with the sealing gap coaxial with described guide hole, the termination of described charging push rod 0151 is successively through described sealing gap and guide hole.
Present embodiment is discharge port owing to having adopted one end of described pyrolysis oven, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system to be opened/closed, the other end of described pyrolysis oven is opening for feed, described opening for feed seals with storage bin one end the technique means being communicated with, so, can be before pyrolysis oven heating, first open the tightness system of pyrolysis oven discharge port, again the material boat that packs material into is sent into storage bin from the discharge port of pyrolysis oven, then the tightness system of pyrolysis oven discharge port cuts out, can make like this pyrolysis oven preheat under good sealed state, and while material and material boat are heated.Again owing to having adopted the corresponding described material boat of the described storage bin the other end to be provided with sealing guide hole, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has and will expect that boat is pushed into the puopulsion unit in pyrolysis oven from storage bin, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod, the termination of described charging push rod extend into the technique means in described storage bin from described sealing guide hole, so, in the time that the temperature in pyrolysis oven arrives preset temp, can under sealed state, will pack the material boat of testing material in the storage bin of normal temperature is sent into the pyrolysis oven that reaches preset temp and to material rapid heating, can make like this temperature of testing material be elevated to preset temp from normal temperature soon, under preset temp, fully pyrolysis goes out to test desired gas rapidly.
One as present embodiment is improved, and as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, described pyrolysis oven 011 comprises casing 0111, and described casing 0111 is penetrated with the such as 310s high temperature resistant stainless steel pipe of round shape high temperature steel boiler tube 0116(of horizontal positioned etc.); In described casing 0111, be positioned at described boiler tube 0116 both sides, front and back are distributed with vertical placement globars heating system 0114 along axis direction; In described casing 0111, be filled with the lagging material for heat insulation, fixing boiler tube 0116 and globars heating system 0114; Circumferentially the arranging respectively of two ends that described boiler tube 0116 stretches out casing 0111 has annular cooling water cover 0112, described watercooling jacket 0112 is made as one with described boiler tube 0116, as can be seen from Figure 1, the water-in of the watercooling jacket 0112 at described boiler tube 0116 two ends is communicated with cooling water source by one group of ball valve 12.Described boiler tube 0116 outside and gas output end are respectively equipped with thermopair 09.
Present embodiment is owing to having adopted described pyrolysis oven to comprise casing, and described casing is penetrated with horizontal round shape high temperature steel boiler tube; In described casing, be positioned at both sides, described boiler tube front and back are distributed with vertical placement globars heating system along axis direction; In described casing, be filled with the technique means for the lagging material of heat insulation, stationary cylinder shape high temperature steel boiler tube and globars heating system, so, can guarantee that the highest experimental temperature is higher than 1200 ℃, and can keep the uniform and stable of temperature, meet the requirement of experiment to furnace temperature, extend the work-ing life of pyrolysis oven.Again due to adopted described boiler tube stretch out casing two ends annular cooling water cover is circumferentially set respectively, described watercooling jacket and described boiler tube are made as one, so, both improved water-cooled effect, guarantee that again airtight experimental situation can bear pressure more than 0.4MPa.
Further improve as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, described material boat 012 is made up of the cylindric heat-resisting steel cylinder of horizontal positioned, the cylindrical surface upside of described steel cylinder has charging opening, bale handle 0124 is equipped with at charging opening place, described steel cylinder sealed at both ends, be fixed with successively respectively such as mullite of lagging material 0121() and such as heat-resisting steel sheet and plate of backplate 0122(), the outer side of described backplate 0122 is provided with towing steel loop 0123, the volume of described material boat is not less than 10 liters, the outside at described material boat 012 two ends is placed with respectively heat insulation 013, described heat insulation 013(is take left end as example) be followed successively by from left to right the first backplate 0131, lagging material 0133 and the second backplate 0134, described the first backplate 0131, lagging material 0133 is fixedly connected with the second backplate 0134, the outer side of described the first backplate 0131 is provided with towing steel loop 0132, in the time that material boat is placed in boiler tube working position, described heat insulation is placed in annular cooling water cover place, boiler tube two ends, guarantee that boiler tube two ends are in low-temperature condition.
Present embodiment is owing to having adopted described material boat to be made up of horizontal cylindric heat-resisting steel cylinder, the cylindrical surface upside of described steel cylinder has charging opening, bale handle is equipped with at charging opening place, the two ends of described cylindric heat resisting pipe seal and are fixed with lagging material and backplate successively respectively, the outer side of described backplate is provided with towing steel loop, the volume of described material boat is not less than the technique means of 10 liters, so, conveniently feed in raw material and guide and support, be conducive to pyrolysis oven rapid heating, be conducive to material before sending into pyrolysis oven, to carry out heat insulation, the work-ing life of prolong insulation material, convenient towing material boat, meet the requirement of testing large capacity feed, particularly detect the code requirement that will complete for the experiment of Dioxins under material is no less than the condition of 5 kilograms.Again owing to having adopted the outside at described material boat two ends to be placed with respectively the technique means of heat insulation, be conducive to further material to carry out before sending into pyrolysis oven heat insulation, and, be more conducive to pyrolysis oven rapid heating.
Further improve as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the top of described storage bin 014 has charging bole, and described charging bole is furnished with the second tightness system 0141 to be opened/closed, and described the second tightness system 0141 is flange sealing structure.The charging push rod 0151 of described puopulsion unit 015 is trapezoidal screw, described puopulsion unit 015 comprises near the electric motor 0153 being arranged on described storage bin 014 the other end outside, the speed reduction unit 0154 being driven by electric motor 0153 and the thrust nut 0155 being driven by speed reduction unit 0154, described thrust nut 0155 drives described charging push rod 0151, described charging push rod 0151 enters storage bin 014 by the 3rd tightness system 0142, the backplate 0122 of described material boat 012 right-hand member is withstood in the termination of described charging push rod 0151 by the heat insulation 13 of right-hand member, in the time that described charging push rod 0151 is moved to the left, to promote material boat 012 left lateral, and described charging push rod is while moving right, described material boat 012 can not move and stays the appropriate location of boiler tube 0116 inside of described pyrolysis oven 011 with described charging push rod 0151, described charging push rod is positioned at described thrust nut 0155 part overcoat below guiding square tube 0152, described guiding square tube 0152 is fixed in frame 016, in described guiding square tube 0152, the two ends of corresponding described charging push rod 0151 are respectively equipped with travel switch 0156, before and after described spiro rod length direction, be respectively arranged with the travel switch that limits screw rod and material boat shift position.Obviously, can, under the prerequisite of assurance sealing, apply other mechanism moving forward and backward along axis as puopulsion unit, as there is hydraulic efficiency plant or the pneumatics of extension rod.
Present embodiment is because the top that has adopted described storage bin has charging bole, and described charging bole is furnished with tightness system to be opened/closed, the charging push rod of described puopulsion unit is trapezoidal screw, described puopulsion unit comprises near the electric motor being arranged on described storage bin the other end outside, by electric motor driven speed reduction unit and the thrust nut that driven by speed reduction unit, described thrust nut drives described trapezoidal screw, described trapezoidal screw is positioned at described thrust nut part below and is equipped with guiding square tube, described guiding square tube is fixed in frame, in described guiding square tube, the two ends of corresponding described charging push rod are respectively equipped with the technique means of travel switch, so, simple in structure, good airproof performance, feeding is stable, feeding rear feeding push rod is return original position automatically, realize the automatic control of feed.
Also further improve as present embodiment; as shown in Figure 2; in described casing 0111, be provided with shielding gas primary heater unit 0115; described shielding gas primary heater unit 0115 is for being coiled in the heat resisting pipe of round shape high temperature steel boiler tube 0116 outer at least one circle; one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source 02, and the other end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with the shielding gas input terminus of described boiler tube 0116.
Present embodiment is provided with shielding gas primary heater unit owing to having adopted in described casing, described shielding gas primary heater unit is the heat resisting pipe that is coiled in the outer at least one circle of round shape high temperature steel boiler tube, one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source, the technique means that the other end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with the input terminus of described round shape high temperature steel boiler tube, so, can guarantee to test material all the time in having the closed environment that shielding gas exists in experimentation, in reason air, the existence of oxygen does not cause material burning and affects Pyrolysis Experiment; Shielding gas primary heater unit is placed in casing; can guarantee that the shielding gas that enters Experimental Area obtains preheating, the unlikely temperature that causes experimental situation reduces or is unstable, does not need independent heating system simultaneously; can reduce the complexity of experimental system and Controlling System, reduce system energy consumption simultaneously.
Further improve again as present embodiment, as shown in figures 1 and 3, described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system also comprises the collection and confinement of gases treatment system (mentioning) as collection and confinement of gases treatment unit being communicated with described thermal degradation device 01 above, and described collection and confinement of gases treatment system comprises cyclonic separator 05, forced air cooler 06, tertiary effluent water cooler 07, metal cloth filter 08 and the gas flare 04 of series connection successively; The entrance of described cyclonic separator connects body of heater for separating of the solid particulate in pyrolysis gas by tracheae, and described cyclonic separator 05 is the tornado dust collector that band sealing particle collector 051 is equipped with in bottom; The outlet of cyclonic separator connects forced air cooler entrance; Three watercoolers are mutually connected in series and form tertiary effluent water cooler, and the outlet of forced air cooler connects the entrance of tertiary effluent water cooler first step watercooler; The outlet of tertiary effluent water cooler third stage watercooler is in series with metal cloth filter; The outlet of metal cloth filter is divided into two-way, and a road connects gas analysis instrument, and another road connects gas flare; Described gas flare is for discharge after pyrolysis gas after treatment is burned; Described forced air cooler 06 is the convoluted fin pipe 061 that Wind Volume blower fan 062 is housed; Described in each, watercooler comprises cooling water tank 071 and U-shaped finned tube 072, and described U-shaped finned tube 072 is placed in described cooling water tank 071, the bottom communication seals liquid trap 073 of described U-shaped finned tube 072; In the import of described cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, three watercoolers and gas flare, be respectively arranged with thermopair, 09, in the cooling water pipeline that described watercooler is connected with cooling water source water tank 071, be provided with and coordinate the magnetic valve 074 of controlling described watercooler cold-zone temperature with thermopair, as can be seen from Figure 1, the import of three magnetic valves 074 is interconnected and passes through ball valve 12 and is communicated with cooling water source.The working order of described blower fan 062 and magnetic valve 074 is by corresponding described thermopair 09 and PLC Controlled by Programmable Controller.
Present embodiment is the technique means that the tornado dust collector of band sealing particle collector are housed owing to having adopted described cyclonic separator, so, be conducive to the solid impurity in Exhaust Gas to carry out collection and treatment.Be the technique means that the convoluted fin pipe of Wind Volume blower fan is housed owing to having adopted described forced air cooler again, can set the cranking temperature of blower fan, so, improve cooling performance, got rid of unnecessary energy consumption simultaneously.Also three watercoolers of series connection successively owing to having adopted described tertiary effluent water cooler, described in each, watercooler comprises cooling water tank and U-shaped finned tube, described U-shaped finned tube is placed in described cooling water tank, the bottom communication seals liquid trap of described U-shaped finned tube, described in each, the input terminus of watercooler is provided with thermopair, the water-in of the cooling water tank of described watercooler is communicated with cooling water source by magnetic valve, described electromagnetic valve work state is by the technique means of described thermopair control, so, set respectively different watercooler cranking temperatures by three thermopairs, can obtain respectively the liquid of different coagulation temperatures from high to low, to measure respectively product weight, assay products component.Again owing to having adopted described metal cloth filter, thus not only guarantee filter effect, and, can extend work-ing life of gas meter below.
Further improve as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, described collection and confinement of gases treatment system also comprises as the source nitrogen 02 in shielding gas source, for combustion-supporting compressed air source 03, for the waste-gas burning stove 04 of combustion exhaust with lead to the pipeline of experiment gas analysis instrument; Described source nitrogen 02 is communicated with described shielding gas primary heater unit 0115 by the first mass flow controller 022; from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, can find out; the output terminal of described source nitrogen 02 is equipped with conventional pressure indication depressurized system 021; stopping valve and bypath system are equipped with in the two ends of described first flow controller 022, and the output terminal of described the first mass flow controller 022 is communicated with the input terminus of shielding gas primary heater unit 0115 in described pyrolysis oven 011.Described compressed air source 03 is communicated with described waste-gas burning stove 04 by the second mass flow controller 032, as can be seen from Figure 1, the output terminal of described compressed air source 03 is equipped with conventional pressure indication depressurized system 031, stopping valve and bypath system are equipped with in the two ends of described second amount controller 032, and the output terminal of described the first mass flow controller 032 is communicated with the input terminus of described waste-gas burning stove 04.Described metal cloth filter 08 is communicated with gas meter 11; Described gas meter 11 is communicated with gas analysis instrument and described waste-gas burning stove 04 with described experiment by stopping valve, variable valve respectively, as can be seen from Figure 1, the output terminal of described metal cloth filter 08 is communicated with the input terminus of described gas meter 11 by stopping valve, and the output terminal of described gas meter 11 is communicated with the input terminus of gas analysis instrument with described waste-gas burning stove 04 and described experiment by stopping valve, variable valve respectively.Described waste-gas burning stove 04 is provided with electric heating tube 041 and thermopair 09, and described waste-gas burning stove 04 is coated with thermofin.
Present embodiment is due to the technique means that has adopted described source nitrogen to be communicated with described shielding gas primary heater unit by the first mass flow controller, so, can greatly reduce the preparation cost of shielding gas.Again due to the technique means that has adopted described compressed air source to be communicated with described waste-gas burning stove by the second mass flow controller, so, contribute to make waste gas fully to burn, the waste gas of testing generation is carried out to harmless treatment.Also be provided with electric heating tube owing to having adopted in the stove of described waste-gas burning stove, stove is coated with the technique means of thermofin, so, simple in structure, safe and reliable.Again because described metal cloth filter is communicated with gas meter; The technique means that described gas meter is communicated with described experimental gas analytical instrument and described waste-gas burning stove by variable valve respectively, so, can make the gasometry that produces and be supplied to experimental gas analytical instrument to use, and waste gas is entered to waste-gas burning stove carry out harmless treatment.
Further improve again as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system also comprises electric control system, solid state relay 101, contactor 102, touch-screen 103 and described magnetic valve 073 that described electric control system comprises PLC programmable logic controller 10 and is electrically connected with this controller 10; Described solid state relay 101 is electrically connected with electric heating tube 041 in globars heating system 0120 in described pyrolysis oven 011 and waste-gas burning stove 04 respectively, and described contactor 102 is electrically connected with the electric motor 0153 of described puopulsion unit 015, the blower fan 062 of described forced air cooler 06 respectively.Described thermopair everywhere 09 is electrically connected with described PLC programmable logic controller 10; Described travel switch 0156, the first mass flow controller 021, the second mass flow controller 031 and gas meter 11 are electrically connected with described PLC programmable logic controller 10 respectively.
Present embodiment is due to the solid state relay, contactor, touch-screen and the described magnetic valve that have adopted described electric control system to comprise PLC programmable logic controller and be electrically connected with this PLC programmable logic controller; Described solid state relay is electrically connected with described globars heating system, and described contactor is electrically connected with the blower fan of the electric motor of described puopulsion unit, described forced air cooler and the electric heating tube of waste-gas burning stove respectively; Described thermopair is electrically connected with described PLC programmable logic controller; The technique means that described travel switch, mass flow controller and gas meter are electrically connected with described PLC programmable logic controller respectively, so, high temperature pyrolysis experimental system can arrange all kinds of processing parameters by touch-screen, real time temperature and the temperature curve of analog information working order and gas real-time traffic, each monitoring site, experiment whole process can be controlled by touch-screen.
Further improve again as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, described PLC programmable logic controller 10 disposes the specific routine of controlling the co-ordination of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system; Described electric control system also comprises automatic/hand switch 105, combined aural and visual alarm 106 and the usb 1 04 for derived data, and described automatic or manual trip switch 105, combined aural and visual alarm 106 and the usb 1 04 for derived data are electrically connected with described PLC programmable logic controller 10 respectively.
Present embodiment is owing to having adopted the technique means of described PLC programmable logic controller, so, greatly improve reliability, stability and the ease for use of controller.Also owing to having adopted described programmable logic controller to dispose the specific routine of controlling the co-ordination of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, make cut-and-try work sequencing, standardization, stdn, improve the reproducibility of experiment, reduced the manipulation difficulty of described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system.Again owing to having adopted described electric control system to be provided with the technique means of automatic/hand/switch, thus not only can automatically control, but also can manually control.Also owing to having adopted the technique means that USB interface is set, so, can easily the experimental data in system be derived.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique, it is the high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique based on said system, first to treat that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material and the heat insulation at two ends are put into the storage bin being connected with body of heater stand-by by packing into for the discharge port of opening described body of heater one end, then by the discharge port sealing of body of heater; Wherein, described method is further:
The first step: the nitrogen that utilizes source nitrogen top hole pressure to be not less than 0.2 MPa is got rid of the oxygen in body of heater from the protection gas inlet mouth input of body of heater from pyrolysis gas delivery port, and remains that body of heater internal pressure is malleation;
Second step: the body of heater of sealing is heated to design temperature;
The 3rd step: treat that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material sends packing into in the body of heater that is raised to design temperature, continue to keep the temperature set simultaneously, make to test at high temperature pyrolysis rapidly of material;
The 4th step: the pyrolysis gas that the at high temperature pyrolysis of experiment material disengages in body of heater delivers to by pipeline that gas treating system carries out gas pyrolysis processing until the flow of pyrolysis gas is " 0 ";
Described gas pyrolysis processing is:
The first step: first the pyrolysis gas with pressure of exporting in boiler tube is sent into a cyclonic separator and carry out solid particulate separation;
Second step: the pyrolysis gas after separate solid particles is carried out to Multi-stage cooling processing;
The 3rd step: discharge after pyrolysis gas after treatment Multi-stage cooling is sent into respectively to gas analysis instrument and gas flare burning.
Present embodiment is because employing preheats mode, can under sealed state, will test material (as solid waste derivatived fuel) and send into rapid heating in the pyrolysis oven that reaches preset temp, prevent mixing of ambient impurities, make the temperature of testing material be elevated to preset temp from normal temperature soon, under preset temp, fully discharge rapidly the needed pyrolysis gas of experiment, improved accuracy and the reliability of data gathering.
Described body of heater design temperature is room temperature to 1200 degree Celsius; Described method further comprises collects pyrolysis gas every one-level liquid producing of lowering the temperature in Multi-stage cooling is processed, and liquid is delivered to laboratory apparatus and measure and analyze experiment.For example: described Multi-stage cooling processing is to carry out three grades of coolings to process, be respectively to carry out pyrolysis gas cooling processing, 250 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius pyrolysis gas on 400 degrees Celsius to lower the temperature and process and room temperature to 250 degree Celsius pyrolysis gas processing.
The experimental data that the mode of the segmentation cooling processing extraction liquid collecting that present embodiment adopts can need just can be obtained the past through many experiments, utilizes the present invention once just can complete, and has both saved the time, has also saved experimental cost.
The concrete operation method of described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system is as follows:
Electric control system has manually and automatic two working ordeies, by automatic/hand/on-off control.
Under manual mode, each link is manually start-stop all, and working routine can be with reference to auto state.
Auto state is actual is program control state, and some link still needs manual operation.
Under auto state (electric control system switches to auto state):
A. preparation work: switch on power, touch-screen will power up demonstration.
First should write this tests for information about.Open the main valve of nitrogen cylinder, tank of compressed air, check high pressure gauge indicating value, too lowly should more renew gas cylinder.Regulate reducing valve knob, making low-pressure meter indicating value is 0.2Mpa(recommendation).Open the valve of the first mass flow controller and the second mass flow controller, close its bypass valve.Open the valve of gas meter ingress and the valve in exit, close its bypass valve.Open the valve that is sent to analytical instrument.The water-cooled valve (ball valve) that checks pyrolysis oven below, makes it in open mode.Open total water valve, regulate bottom-right two valves of watercooler, make watercooler in treating working order, boiler tube water-cooling system has current to pass through.These two valves must be opened, and use compared with low discharge but can try one's best as required.
B. open the tongued and grooved flanges of the first tightness system (cold conditions), successively heat insulation, the material boat that packs experiment material into are sent into storage bunker innermost, put into again heat insulation in end caps, close encapsulation flange (referring to Fig. 2).By the bottled nitrogen for thermal degradation furnace atmosphere protection in collection and confinement of gases treatment system, for the bottled pressurized air of waste-gas burning respectively by the first mass flow controller and the output of the second mass flow controller; nitrogen enters pyrolysis oven by shielding gas primary heater unit; the gas producing with pyrolysis is removed solid particulate through cyclonic separator; enter successively forced air cooler, tertiary effluent water cooler, isolate under the normal temperature that pyrolysis produces as liquid component at tertiary effluent water cooler.
C. set respectively the parameter presets such as Heating temperature, air-cooled, water-cooled cranking temperature, pyrolytic reaction time (expectation), nitrogen, pressurized air input flow rate (1-5SLM) by touch-screen.
D. working procedure, system is started working.Operation afterwards all completes on touch-screen.First in nitrogen (recommended pressure is 0.2MPa) input boiler tube, purge 3 minutes, the air (do not input or hypotony as nitrogen, system is not started working) of scavenge system inside.Waste-gas burning stove starts preheating simultaneously.After sound and light alarm, thermal degradation stove starts heating.Thermal degradation furnace body temperature rises to preset temperature, sound and light alarm again.Now press " self-feeding " button on touch-screen (reach preheating temperature before by also not moving), automatically complete charging and screw rod exits." pyrolytic reaction time " countdown starts.From now, whenever can press " experiment completes " button on touch-screen, stop heating, stop experiment.Under normal circumstances, should after being output as 0, rate of discharge meter stop heating.
E. along with experiment material temperature rise, pyrolysis starts, and pyrolysis gas disengages, and high-temperature gas enters pipeline, each point for measuring temperature temperature rise, and in the time reaching corresponding preset temp, the blower fan of forced air cooler, the entering water electromagnetic valve of watercooler are started working.Air-cooled object is that high-temperature gas is tentatively cooling, and suggestion preset temp is 500-700 ℃.The object of water-cooled is to be liquid components condense collection by low temperature, normal temperature in high-temperature gas, and high-temperature gas is cooled to room temperature, to guarantee the normal work of rate of discharge.The default working temperature of suggestion tertiary effluent water cooler is followed successively by 400 ℃, 250 ℃, 50 ℃.
F. cooling and analytical instrument is sent to in one tunnel of the pyrolysis gas after gas-liquid separation, mix with pressurized air on another road, enters gas flare, after combustiblecomponents is burnt, enters atmosphere.The proportional distribution of two groups of gases is by ball valve control.
G., after experiment finishes, thermal degradation stove is lowered the temperature naturally.Can monitor furnace tube temperature from monitored picture.When furnace tube temperature is lower than 300 ℃, can close boiler tube water-cooling system.Press the reverse of preparation work, close successively water route, gas circuit, shut steel cylinder main valve.Must treat that furnace tube temperature is down to room temperature, can open the tongued and grooved flanges of the first tightness system.Take out successively heat insulation, material boat.Open the holding tank of cyclonic separator and watercooler bottom.Solid and heat of liquid hydrolysis products are weighed, measured.The metering of air heat hydrolysis products is carried out record by electric control system.The temperature of each monitoring temperature point is also by electrical system record.All record data can be derived with USB flash disk by USB mouth, for analyzing.Suggestion is carried out data derivation after having tested at every turn, and empties intrasystem data.
Claims (10)
1. a high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, comprise thermal degradation device, collection and confinement of gases treatment system and realize the control of thermal degradation device and the electric control system of gas collection processing system implementing gas processing, it is characterized in that: described thermal degradation device comprises pyrolysis oven, described pyrolysis oven comprises that one is connected with protection source of the gas the body of heater that also preliminary filling shielding gas heats up, described body of heater connects one and after design temperature, in body of heater, sends into the storage bin of testing material when temperature rise in body of heater, the pyrolysis gas that experiment material produces by high temperature is delivered to described collection and confinement of gases treatment system by the gas piping being connected with body of heater, one end of described body of heater is discharge port, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system to be opened/closed, the other end of described body of heater is opening for feed, described opening for feed is communicated with the sealing of described storage bin one end, in described storage bin, be placed with the material boat of dress experiment material, the described storage bin the other end is provided with sealing guide hole, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has and will expect that boat is pushed into the puopulsion unit in body of heater from storage bin, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod, the termination of described charging push rod extend in described storage bin and is connected with material boat from described sealing guide hole.
2. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pyrolysis oven comprises casing, and described casing is penetrated with the horizontal round shape high temperature steel boiler tube as body of heater; In described casing, be positioned at both sides, described boiler tube front and back are distributed with vertical placement globars heating system along axis direction; In described casing, be filled with the lagging material for heat insulation, fixing boiler tube and globars heating system; What described boiler tube stretched out tank ends circumferentially arranges respectively annular cooling water cover, and described watercooling jacket and described boiler tube are made as one, and described boiler tube outside and gas output end are respectively equipped with thermopair.
3. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described material boat is made up of horizontal heat-resisting steel cylinder, the cylindrical surface upside of described steel cylinder has charging opening, bale handle is equipped with at charging opening place, the two ends of described steel cylinder seal and are fixed with lagging material and backplate successively respectively, the volume of described material boat is not less than 10 liters, the outside at described material boat two ends is placed with respectively heat insulation, in the time that material boat is placed in boiler tube working position, described heat insulation is placed in annular cooling water cover place, boiler tube two ends, to guarantee that boiler tube two ends are in low-temperature condition.
4. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the charging push rod of described puopulsion unit is screw rod, described puopulsion unit comprise be arranged on the electric motor in described storage bin the other end outside, by electric motor driven speed reduction unit and the thrust swivel nut that driven by speed reduction unit, swivel nut entangles screw rod, before and after described spiro rod length direction, is respectively arranged with the travel switch that limits screw rod and material boat shift position.
5. according to the high temperature pyrolysis experimental system one of claim 1 to 4 Suo Shu; it is characterized in that: in described casing, be provided with shielding gas primary heater unit; described shielding gas primary heater unit is the heat resisting pipe that is coiled in the outer at least one circle of described boiler tube; one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source, and the other end is communicated with the shielding gas input terminus of described boiler tube.
6. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described collection and confinement of gases treatment system comprises cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, tertiary effluent water cooler, metal cloth filter and the gas flare of series connection successively; Three watercoolers are mutually connected in series and form tertiary effluent water cooler, and the entrance of described cyclonic separator connects body of heater for separating of the solid particulate in pyrolysis gas by tracheae, and the outlet of cyclonic separator connects forced air cooler entrance; The outlet of forced air cooler connects the first step watercooler entrance of tertiary effluent water cooler; The outlet of third stage watercooler is in series with metal cloth filter; The outlet of metal cloth filter is divided into two-way, and a road connects gas analysis instrument, and another road connects gas flare; Described gas flare is for discharge after pyrolysis gas after treatment is burned; In the import of described cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, three watercoolers and gas flare, be respectively arranged with thermopair, described watercooler comprises cooling water tank and U-shaped finned tube, described U-shaped finned tube is placed in described cooling water tank, the bottom of described U-shaped finned tube is communicated with Packed liquid trap, is provided with and coordinates the magnetic valve of controlling described watercooler cooling temperature with thermopair in the cooling water pipeline that described watercooler is connected with cooling water source.
7. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electric control system comprises PLC programmable logic controller, touch-screen, thermopair and power element, the signal input circuit of PLC programmable logic controller connects respectively thermopair and the touch-screen of pyrolysis oven, collection and confinement of gases treatment unit, and the control output circuit of PLC programmable logic controller connects the gentle body controlling elements of electrically heated rod, water-cooled valve of pyrolysis oven and gas collection and treatment device by power element; Touch-screen is for arranging all kinds of processing parameters, man-machine dialogue, analog information working order and the gas real-time traffic of controlling experiment whole process, real time temperature and the temperature curve of each monitoring site.
8. a high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique, to treat that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material and the heat insulation at two ends are put into the storage bin being connected with body of heater stand-by by packing into for the discharge port of first opening described body of heater one end, then by the discharge port sealing of body of heater; It is characterized in that, described method further:
The first step: the nitrogen that utilizes source nitrogen top hole pressure to be not less than 0.2 MPa is got rid of the air in body of heater from the protection gas inlet mouth input of body of heater from pyrolysis gas delivery port, and remains that body of heater internal pressure is malleation;
Second step: the body of heater of sealing is heated to design temperature;
The 3rd step: treat that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material sends packing into in the body of heater that is raised to design temperature, continue to keep the temperature set simultaneously, make to test at high temperature pyrolysis rapidly of material;
The 4th step: the gas that the at high temperature pyrolysis of experiment material disengages in body of heater delivers to by pipeline that gas treating system is processed until the flow of pyrolysis gas is " 0 ";
Described gas processing is:
The first step: first the pyrolysis gas with pressure of exporting in boiler tube is sent into a cyclonic separator and carry out solid particulate separation;
Second step: the pyrolysis gas after separate solid particles is carried out to Multi-stage cooling processing;
The 3rd step: discharge after pyrolysis gas after treatment Multi-stage cooling is sent into respectively to gas analysis instrument and gas flare burning.
9. a kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique for Pyrolysis Experiment according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described design temperature is room temperature to 1200 degree Celsius.
10. a kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described method further comprises collects pyrolysis gas every one-level liquid producing of lower the temperature in Multi-stage cooling is processed, and described liquid is for metering and analyze and test.
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