CN103805217B - High-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method - Google Patents
High-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103805217B CN103805217B CN201410063585.1A CN201410063585A CN103805217B CN 103805217 B CN103805217 B CN 103805217B CN 201410063585 A CN201410063585 A CN 201410063585A CN 103805217 B CN103805217 B CN 103805217B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method. The system comprises a heating decomposing device, a gas collection and treatment system and an automatic electric control system, wherein the heating decomposing device comprises a pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body; the furnace body is connected with a material storage cabin; pyrolyzed gas generated by materials is conveyed to the gas collection and treatment system; a discharging opening is formed in one end of the furnace body; a first sealing device capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the discharging opening; a propelling device for pushing a material boat into the furnace body from the material storage cabin is arranged on the outer side of the other end of the material storage cabin. According to the high-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method, not only can mixing of environment air be prevented, but also the temperature of the experiment material can be rapidly raised to a pre-set temperature from a normal temperature and the pyrolyzed gas needed by an experiment can be sufficiently and rapidly discharged under a pre-set temperature; and the operation difficulty of the experiment is reduced and the accuracy and the reliability of data acquisition are improved. Particularly, the high-temperature pyrolysis experiment system and method have the unique advantages in the aspects of large experiment capacity, a high experiment temperature and accurate control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Solid waste disposal field, particularly relate to a kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system and method thereof, is the Pyrolysis Experiment application system for high pyrolysis temperature, big experiment inventory, Multi-stage cooling process and automatic sequence control and method.
Background technology
High temperature pyrolysis technology is a kind of refuse treatment new technology researching and developing out in recent years.At the beginning of the nineties, external scientist studies and finds produce the carcinogens-Dioxins extremely harmful to human body in Refuse Incineration Process.Therefore, western developed country throws the technology of garbage disposal that huge fund development research is new administer the secondary pollution of burning and producing in research while.Refuse pyrolysis technology is generally had an optimistic view of by various countries environment specialist, thinks that this is that refuse treatment is innoxious, a Tiao Xin road of minimizing and resource utilization.Developed country drops into a large amount of manpower and materials and researchs and develops, and obtains gratifying achievement.
Pyrolysis method and burning method are two diverse processes.Burning is an exothermic process, and pyrolysis needs to absorb amount of heat.The primary product burned is carbonic acid gas and water, and the primary product of pyrolysis is flammable low molecular compound: the hydrogen of gaseous state, methane, carbon monoxide; Liquid organism and tar, the solvent wet goods such as methyl alcohol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde.Solid-state mainly coke and carbon black.
Pyrolysis method is the thermolability utilizing organic matter in garbage, under anaerobic or anoxia condition, add thermal distillation to it, makes organism produce cracking, forms various new gas, liquid and solid, therefrom extract the process of oil fuel, combustible gas after condensation.The essence of pyrolysis is the process that heating organic molecule makes it to be cracked into small molecules precipitation, and it contains the physical and chemical process of many complexity.
Thermal decomposition process is due to the difference of the aspects such as heat-supplying mode, product form, pyrolysis oven structure, and pyrolysis way is different, and different by pyrolysis temperature, more than 1000 DEG C are called high temperature pyrolysis, 600-700 DEG C be called in warm solution, 600 DEG C hereinafter referred to as low temperature pyrogenation.
In order to study refuse pyrolysis technology targetedly, applicable Pyrolysis Experiment device must be built.
Notification number be CN 202717755U patent propose " a kind of solid waste derivatived fuel Pyrolysis Experiment device ", this device is used for Pyrolysis Experiment and has following several defect: 1, in this system, the volume of pyrolysis installation only has 1 liter, cannot meet the requirement of the Dioxins detected rule of a pyrolysis more than 5 kilograms materials.2, due to continuous feeding, continuous discharge during this device busy, so be difficult to accomplish excellent sealing, pyrolysis temperature is difficult to improve equably, is more difficult to stablize.If again cannot feed by the import of pyrolysis installation and exit seal.3, feeder channel is narrower, and putty problem is difficult to solve.4, this system pyrolysis Heating temperature cannot reach 800 DEG C, cannot meet the experiment needs of high temperature pyrolysis.Therefore, the one-piece construction of this pyrolysis installation can not meet the requirement of experimental data.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system and method thereof, the experiment material (as derivatived fuel RDF) being no less than 5 kilograms (about 10 liters) of cold conditions can be sent into and reach in the pyrolysis oven of preset temperature by this high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique in sealed states, and solid, liquid separation is carried out to the gas that high temperature pyrolysis produces, make pyrolysis gas temperature be down to room temperature for analysis design mothod simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, comprise thermal degradation device, collection and confinement of gases treatment system and realize thermal degradation device and control and the electric control system of gas collection processing system implementing gas processing, described thermal degradation device comprises pyrolysis oven, described pyrolysis oven comprises a body of heater being connected also preliminary filling shielding gas with protection source of the gas and heating up, described body of heater connects one when the storage bin sending into experiment material in the backward body of heater that temperature in body of heater rises to design temperature, the pyrolysis gas that experiment material is produced by high temperature is delivered to described collection and confinement of gases treatment system by the gas piping be connected with body of heater, one end of described body of heater is discharge port, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system to be opened/closed, the other end of described body of heater is opening for feed, described opening for feed seals with described storage bin one end and is communicated with, the material boat of dress experiment material is placed with in described storage bin, the described storage bin the other end is provided with sealing guide hole, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has the puopulsion unit be pushed into from storage bin by material boat in body of heater, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod, the termination of described charging push rod extend in described storage bin from described sealing guide hole and is connected with material boat.
Further, described pyrolysis oven comprises casing, and described casing runs through the horizontal round shape high temperature steel boiler tube as body of heater; Be positioned at both sides before and after described boiler tube in described casing and be distributed with the globars heating system of vertically placing in the axial direction; The lagging material for heat insulation, fixing boiler tube and globars heating system is filled with in described casing; The circumference that described boiler tube stretches out tank ends arranges annular cooling water cover respectively, and described watercooling jacket and described boiler tube are made as one, is respectively equipped with thermopair outside described boiler tube with gas output end.
Be further, described material boat is made up of horizontal heat-resisting steel cylinder, charging opening is had on the upside of the cylindrical surface of described steel cylinder, bale handle is equipped with at charging opening place, and the two ends of described steel cylinder seal successively respectively and are fixed with lagging material and backplate, and the volume of described material boat is not less than 10 liters, the outside at described material boat two ends is placed with heat insulation respectively, when expecting that boat is placed in working position in boiler tube, described heat insulation is placed in annular cooling water cover place, boiler tube two ends, to ensure that boiler tube two ends are in low-temperature condition.
Be further, the charging push rod of described puopulsion unit is screw rod, described puopulsion unit comprises and is arranged on electric motor outside the described storage bin the other end, by the speed reduction unit of motor drive and the thrust swivel nut that driven by speed reduction unit, swivel nut entangles screw rod, is respectively arranged with the travel switch limiting screw rod and material boat shift position before and after described spiro rod length direction.
Be further; shielding gas primary heater unit is provided with in described casing; described shielding gas primary heater unit is the heat resisting pipe being coiled in the outer at least one circle of described boiler tube, and one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source, and the other end is communicated with the shielding gas input terminus of described boiler tube.
Further, described collection and confinement of gases treatment system comprises cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, tertiary effluent water cooler, metal cloth filter and the gas flare of connecting successively; Three watercoolers are mutually connected in series and form tertiary effluent water cooler, and the entrance of described cyclonic separator connects body of heater for separating of the solid particulate in pyrolysis gas by tracheae, and the outlet of cyclonic separator connects forced air cooler entrance; The outlet of forced air cooler connects the first step watercooler entrance of tertiary effluent water cooler; The outlet of third stage watercooler is in series with metal cloth filter; The outlet of metal cloth filter is divided into two-way, and a road connects gas analysis instrument, and another road connects gas flare; Described gas flare is used for discharging after the pyrolysis gas after by process burns; Thermopair is respectively arranged with in the import and gas flare of described cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, three watercoolers, described watercooler comprises cooling water tank and U-shaped finned tube, described U-shaped finned tube is placed in described cooling water tank, the bottom of described U-shaped finned tube is communicated with Packed liquid trap, is provided with the magnetic valve coordinating with thermopair and control described watercooler cooling temperature in the cooling water pipeline that described watercooler is connected with cooling water source.
Be further, described electric control system comprises PLC, touch-screen, thermopair and power element, the signal input circuit of PLC connects pyrolysis oven, the thermopair of collection and confinement of gases treatment unit and touch-screen respectively, and the control output circuit of PLC connects electrically heated rod, the gentle body controlling elements of water-cooled valve of pyrolysis oven and gas collection and treatment device by power element; Touch-screen is for arranging all kinds of processing parameter, the man-machine dialogue of Control release whole process, analog information working order and gas real-time traffic, the real time temperature of each monitoring site and temperature curve.
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique, it is stand-by that loading is treated that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material and the heat insulation at two ends put into the storage bin be connected with body of heater by the discharge port first opening described body of heater one end, then closed by the discharge port of body of heater; Described method is further:
The first step: the air in body of heater is got rid of from pyrolysis gas delivery port from the protection gas inlet mouth input of body of heater by the nitrogen utilizing source nitrogen top hole pressure to be not less than 0.2 MPa, and remains that body of heater internal pressure is malleation;
Second step: closed body of heater is heated to design temperature;
3rd step: being raised to loading the material boat feeding treating Pyrolysis Experiment material in the body of heater of design temperature, having continued the temperature keeping setting simultaneously, making the at high temperature pyrolysis rapidly of experiment material;
4th step: the gas that the at high temperature pyrolysis of stove experiment in vivo material disengages is delivered to gas treating system by pipeline and carried out processing until the flow of pyrolysis gas is " 0 ";
Described gas processing is:
The first step: first the pyrolysis gas with pressure exported in boiler tube is sent into a cyclonic separator and carries out solid particulate separation;
Second step: Multi-stage cooling process is carried out to the pyrolysis gas after separate solid particles;
3rd step: discharge after the pyrolysis gas after Multi-stage cooling process being sent into respectively gas analysis instrument and gas flare burning.
Further, the pyrolysis temperature of described setting is room temperature to 1200 degree Celsius.
Further, described method comprises further collects pyrolysis gas every one-level in Multi-stage cooling process and lower the temperature the liquid produced, and described liquid is for measuring and analysis design mothod.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, the technical program preheats mode owing to adopting, in sealed states experiment material (as solid waste derivatived fuel) can be sent into the pyrolysis oven having reached preset temp interior to material rapid heating, mixing of ambient impurities can be prevented, the temperature of experiment material is made to be elevated to preset temp from normal temperature soon, and the pyrolysis gas of fully discharging under preset temp rapidly required for experiment, reduce the operation easier of experiment, improve accuracy and the reliability of data gathering.Especially in large experiment capacity and high experimental temperature, there is unique advantage.
The experimental data that past can could need obtain through many experiments by the mode that liquid collecting is extracted in the segmentation cooling that 2, the technical program adopts, the present invention is utilized once to test, specification experimental arrangement, improves experimental precision, has saved experimental period, also reduce experimental cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure for amplifying schematic diagram of thermal degradation device in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of collection and confinement of gases treatment system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the skeleton diagram of electric control system in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, described system comprises thermal degradation device 01, collection and confinement of gases treatment system and realize thermal degradation device and control and the electric control system of gas collection processing system implementing gas processing, wherein: described thermal degradation device comprises pyrolysis oven 011, described pyrolysis oven comprises a body of heater being connected also preliminary filling shielding gas with protection source of the gas and heating up, described body of heater connects one when the storage bin 014 sending into experiment material in the backward body of heater that temperature in body of heater rises to design temperature, the pyrolysis gas that experiment material is produced by high temperature is delivered to described collection and confinement of gases treatment system by the gas piping be connected with body of heater, one end of described pyrolysis oven body of heater is discharge port, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system 0113 to be opened/closed, described first tightness system is tongued and grooved flanges, the other end of described pyrolysis oven body of heater is opening for feed, described opening for feed seals with described storage bin one end and is communicated with, the material boat 012 of dress experiment material is placed with in described storage bin, the described storage bin the other end is provided with sealing guide hole, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has the puopulsion unit 015 be pushed into from storage bin by material boat in body of heater, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod 0151, the termination of described charging push rod extend in described storage bin from described sealing guide hole and is connected with material boat, described collection and confinement of gases treatment system is provided with the cooling process device of multiple reply Multi-stage heat solution gas temperature liquid collecting.
As can be seen from Figure 2, preferred as one, described pyrolysis oven 011, storage bin 014 and puopulsion unit 015 from left to right horizontal positioned successively.Preferred as another kind, described sealing guide hole is that described storage bin 014 the other end is provided with a guide hole, the 3rd tightness system 0142 is provided with in the outer face of guide hole, described 3rd tightness system 0142 has a tapered hole coaxial with described guide hole, tapered hole interior young, collar extension is large, described tapered hole is configured with cone seal plug, described cone seal plug is fixedly connected with tapered hole collar extension edge seal by flange arrangement, described cone seal plug is provided with the sealing gap coaxial with described guide hole, the termination of described charging push rod 0151 is successively through described sealing gap and guide hole.
Present embodiment due to the one end that have employed described pyrolysis oven be discharge port, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system to be opened/closed, the other end of described pyrolysis oven is opening for feed, described opening for feed seals with storage bin one end the technique means be communicated with, so, can before pyrolysis oven heating, first open the tightness system of pyrolysis oven discharge port, again the material boat loading material is sent into storage bin from the discharge port of pyrolysis oven, then the tightness system of pyrolysis oven discharge port cuts out, pyrolysis oven can be made like this to preheat under good sealed state, and material and material boat are not heated simultaneously.Sealing guide hole is provided with again owing to have employed the corresponding described material boat of the described storage bin the other end, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has the puopulsion unit be pushed into from storage bin by material boat in pyrolysis oven, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod, the termination of described charging push rod extend into the technique means in described storage bin from described sealing guide hole, so, when the temperature in pyrolysis oven arrives preset temp, can in sealed states by the material boat loading experiment material from the storage bin of normal temperature send into reached preset temp pyrolysis oven in and to material rapid heating, the temperature of experiment material can be made like this to be elevated to preset temp from normal temperature soon, under preset temp, abundant pyrolysis goes out the gas desired by experiment rapidly.
One as present embodiment is improved, and as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, described pyrolysis oven 011 comprises casing 0111, and described casing 0111 runs through the round shape high temperature steel boiler tube 0116(such as 310s high temperature resistant stainless steel pipe etc. having horizontal positioned); Be positioned at both sides before and after described boiler tube 0116 in described casing 0111 and be distributed with the globars heating system 0114 of vertically placing in the axial direction; The lagging material for heat insulation, fixing boiler tube 0116 and globars heating system 0114 is filled with in described casing 0111; The circumference that described boiler tube 0116 stretches out the two ends of casing 0111 is arranged respectively has annular cooling water cover 0112, described watercooling jacket 0112 is made as one with described boiler tube 0116, as can be seen from Figure 1, the water-in of the watercooling jacket 0112 at described boiler tube 0116 two ends is communicated with cooling water source by one group of ball valve 12.Thermopair 09 is respectively equipped with gas output end outside described boiler tube 0116.
Present embodiment comprises casing owing to have employed described pyrolysis oven, and described casing runs through horizontal round shape high temperature steel boiler tube; Be positioned at both sides before and after described boiler tube in described casing and be distributed with the globars heating system of vertically placing in the axial direction; The technique means of the lagging material for heat insulation, stationary cylinder shape high temperature steel boiler tube and globars heating system is filled with in described casing, so, can ensure that the highest experimental temperature is higher than 1200 DEG C, and the uniform and stable of temperature can be kept, meet the requirement of experiment to furnace temperature, extend the work-ing life of pyrolysis oven.The circumference of stretching out the two ends of casing again owing to have employed described boiler tube arranges annular cooling water cover respectively, described watercooling jacket and described boiler tube are made as one, so, both improve water-cooled effect, ensured again that airtight experimental situation can bear the pressure of more than 0.4MPa.
Further improve as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, described material boat 012 is made up of the heat-resisting steel cylinder of the cylindrical shape of horizontal positioned, charging opening is had on the upside of the cylindrical surface of described steel cylinder, bale handle 0124 is equipped with at charging opening place, the two ends sealing of described steel cylinder, be fixed with lagging material 0121(such as mullite respectively successively) and backplate 0122(such as heat-resisting steel sheet and plate), the outer side of described backplate 0122 is provided with towing steel loop 0123, the volume of described material boat is not less than 10 liters, the outside at described material boat 012 two ends is placed with heat insulation 013 respectively, described heat insulation 013(is for left end) be followed successively by the first backplate 0131 from left to right, lagging material 0133 and the second backplate 0134, described first backplate 0131, lagging material 0133 is fixedly connected with the second backplate 0134, the outer side of described first backplate 0131 is provided with towing steel loop 0132, when expecting that boat is placed in working position in boiler tube, described heat insulation is placed in annular cooling water cover place, boiler tube two ends, ensure that boiler tube two ends are in low-temperature condition.
Present embodiment is made up of the heat-resisting steel cylinder of horizontal cylindrical shape owing to have employed described material boat, charging opening is had on the upside of the cylindrical surface of described steel cylinder, bale handle is equipped with at charging opening place, the two ends of described cylindric heat resisting pipe seal successively respectively and are fixed with lagging material and backplate, the outer side of described backplate is provided with towing steel loop, the volume of described material boat is not less than the technique means of 10 liters, so, conveniently feed in raw material and guide and support, be conducive to pyrolysis oven rapid heating, be conducive to carrying out heat insulation before feeding pyrolysis oven to material, the work-ing life of prolong insulation material, convenient towing material boat, meet the requirement of experiment Large Copacity feed, experiment particularly for Dioxins detects the code requirement that will complete under material is no less than the condition of 5 kilograms.Outside again owing to have employed described material boat two ends is placed with the technique means of heat insulation respectively, is conducive to further carrying out heat insulation before feeding pyrolysis oven to material, and, be more conducive to pyrolysis oven rapid heating.
Further improve as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the top of described storage bin 014 has charging bole, and described charging bole is furnished with the second tightness system 0141 to be opened/closed, and described second tightness system 0141 is flange sealing structure.The charging push rod 0151 of described puopulsion unit 015 is trapezoidal screw, described puopulsion unit 015 comprises the electric motor 0153 be arranged near outside described storage bin 014 the other end, the speed reduction unit 0154 driven by electric motor 0153 and the thrust nut 0155 driven by speed reduction unit 0154, described thrust nut 0155 drives described charging push rod 0151, described charging push rod 0151 enters storage bin 014 by the 3rd tightness system 0142, the backplate 0122 of described material boat 012 right-hand member is withstood in the termination of described charging push rod 0151 by the heat insulation 13 of right-hand member, when described charging push rod 0151 is moved to the left, by promotion material boat 012 left lateral, and described charging push rod is when moving right, described material boat 012 can not move with described charging push rod 0151 and stays the appropriate location of boiler tube 0116 inside of described pyrolysis oven 011, described charging push rod is positioned at described thrust nut 0155 part overcoat below guiding square tube 0152, described guiding square tube 0152 is fixed in frame 016, in described guiding square tube 0152, the two ends of corresponding described charging push rod 0151 are respectively equipped with travel switch 0156, namely before and after described spiro rod length direction, be respectively arranged with the travel switch limiting screw rod and material boat shift position.Obviously, under the prerequisite ensureing sealing, can be applied other along the mechanism that axis moves forward and backward as puopulsion unit, as having hydraulic efficiency plant or the pneumatics of extension rod.
Present embodiment has charging bole due to the top that have employed described storage bin, and described charging bole is furnished with tightness system to be opened/closed, the charging push rod of described puopulsion unit is trapezoidal screw, described puopulsion unit comprises the electric motor be arranged near outside the described storage bin the other end, by the speed reduction unit of motor drive and the thrust nut that driven by speed reduction unit, described thrust nut drives described trapezoidal screw, described trapezoidal screw is positioned at described thrust nut part below and is equipped with guiding square tube, described guiding square tube is fixed in frame, in described guiding square tube, the two ends of corresponding described charging push rod are respectively equipped with the technique means of travel switch, so, structure is simple, good airproof performance, feeding is stablized, feeding rear feeding push rod returns original position automatically, achieve the automatic control of feed.
Also further improve as present embodiment; as shown in Figure 2; shielding gas primary heater unit 0115 is provided with in described casing 0111; described shielding gas primary heater unit 0115 is for being coiled in the heat resisting pipe of the outer at least one circle of round shape high temperature steel boiler tube 0116; one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source 02, and the other end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with the shielding gas input terminus of described boiler tube 0116.
Present embodiment is provided with shielding gas primary heater unit owing to have employed in described casing, described shielding gas primary heater unit is the heat resisting pipe being coiled in the outer at least one circle of round shape high temperature steel boiler tube, one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source, the technique means that the other end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with the input terminus of described round shape high temperature steel boiler tube, so, can ensure that in experimentation, test material is in the closed environment of shielding gas existence all the time, in reason air, the existence of oxygen does not cause material burn and affect Pyrolysis Experiment; Shielding gas primary heater unit is placed in casing; can ensure that the shielding gas entering Experimental Area obtains preheating, the unlikely temperature of experimental situation that causes reduces or instability, does not need independent heating system simultaneously; the complexity of experimental system and Controlling System can be reduced, reduce system energy consumption simultaneously.
Further improve again as present embodiment, as shown in figures 1 and 3, described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system also comprises the collection and confinement of gases treatment system (mentioning) as collection and confinement of gases treatment unit be communicated with described thermal degradation device 01 above, and described collection and confinement of gases treatment system comprises cyclonic separator 05, forced air cooler 06, tertiary effluent water cooler 07, metal cloth filter 08 and the gas flare 04 of connecting successively; The entrance of described cyclonic separator connects body of heater for separating of the solid particulate in pyrolysis gas by tracheae, and described cyclonic separator 05 is the tornado dust collector that band sealing particle collector 051 is equipped with in bottom; The outlet of cyclonic separator connects forced air cooler entrance; Three watercoolers are mutually connected in series and form tertiary effluent water cooler, and the outlet of forced air cooler connects the entrance of tertiary effluent water cooler first step watercooler; The outlet of tertiary effluent water cooler third stage watercooler is in series with metal cloth filter; The outlet of metal cloth filter is divided into two-way, and a road connects gas analysis instrument, and another road connects gas flare; Described gas flare is used for discharging after the pyrolysis gas after by process burns; Described forced air cooler 06 is the convoluted fin pipe 061 that Wind Volume blower fan 062 is housed; Watercooler described in each comprises cooling water tank 071 and U-shaped finned tube 072, and described U-shaped finned tube 072 is placed in described cooling water tank 071, the bottom communication seals liquid trap 073 of described U-shaped finned tube 072; Thermopair is respectively arranged with in the import and gas flare of described cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, three watercoolers, 09, the magnetic valve 074 coordinating with thermopair and control described watercooler cold-zone temperature is provided with in the cooling water pipeline that described watercooler is connected with cooling water source water tank 071, as can be seen from Figure 1, the import of three magnetic valves 074 is interconnected and is communicated with cooling water source by ball valve 12.The working order of described blower fan 062 and magnetic valve 074 is controlled by corresponding described thermopair 09 and PLC.
Present embodiment is that the technique means that band seals the tornado dust collector of particle collector is housed owing to have employed described cyclonic separator, so, be conducive to carrying out collection and treatment to the solid impurity in Exhaust Gas.Again owing to have employed the technique means that described forced air cooler is the convoluted fin pipe that Wind Volume blower fan is housed, the cranking temperature of blower fan can be set, so, improve cooling performance, eliminate unnecessary energy consumption simultaneously.Also three watercoolers of connecting successively owing to have employed described tertiary effluent water cooler, watercooler described in each comprises cooling water tank and U-shaped finned tube, described U-shaped finned tube is placed in described cooling water tank, the bottom communication seals liquid trap of described U-shaped finned tube, described in each, the input terminus of watercooler is provided with thermopair, the water-in of the cooling water tank of described watercooler is communicated with cooling water source by magnetic valve, the technique means that described electromagnetic valve work state is controlled by described thermopair, so, different watercooler cranking temperatures is set respectively by three thermopairs, the liquid of different coagulation temperature from high to low can be obtained respectively, to measure products weight respectively, assay products component.Again owing to have employed described metal cloth filter, so not only ensure that filter effect, and, the work-ing life of gas meter below can be extended.
Further improve as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, described collection and confinement of gases treatment system also comprise as shielding gas source source nitrogen 02, for combustion-supporting compressed air source 03, for combustion exhaust waste-gas burning stove 04 and lead to the pipeline of experiment gas analysis instrument; Described source nitrogen 02 is communicated with described shielding gas primary heater unit 0115 by the first mass flow controller 022; as can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; the output terminal of described source nitrogen 02 is equipped with normal pressures instruction depressurized system 021; stopping valve and bypath system are equipped with in the two ends of described first flow controller 022, and the output terminal of described first mass flow controller 022 is communicated with the input terminus of shielding gas primary heater unit 0115 in described pyrolysis oven 011.Described compressed air source 03 is communicated with described waste-gas burning stove 04 by the second mass flow controller 032, as can be seen from Figure 1, the output terminal of described compressed air source 03 is equipped with normal pressures instruction depressurized system 031, stopping valve and bypath system are equipped with in the two ends of described second amount controller 032, and the output terminal of described first mass flow controller 032 is communicated with the input terminus of described waste-gas burning stove 04.Described metal cloth filter 08 is communicated with gas meter 11; Described gas meter 11 is communicated with described experiment gas analysis instrument and described waste-gas burning stove 04 respectively by stopping valve, variable valve, as can be seen from Figure 1, the output terminal of described metal cloth filter 08 is communicated with by the input terminus of stopping valve with described gas meter 11, and the output terminal of described gas meter 11 is communicated with the input terminus of described waste-gas burning stove 04 and described experiment gas analysis instrument respectively by stopping valve, variable valve.Described waste-gas burning stove 04 is provided with electric heating tube 041 and thermopair 09, and described waste-gas burning stove 04 is coated with thermofin.
The technique means that present embodiment is communicated with described shielding gas primary heater unit by the first mass flow controller owing to have employed described source nitrogen, so, greatly can reduce the preparation cost of shielding gas.Again owing to have employed the technique means that described compressed air source is communicated with described waste-gas burning stove by the second mass flow controller, so, contribute to making waste gas Thorough combustion, harmless treatment is carried out to the waste gas that experiment produces.Also due to have employed described waste-gas burning stove stove in be provided with electric heating tube, stove is coated with the technique means of thermofin, so structure is simple, safe and reliable.Again because described metal cloth filter is communicated with gas meter; The technique means that described gas meter is communicated with described experimental gas analytical instrument and described waste-gas burning stove respectively by variable valve, so, be supplied to experimental gas analytical instrument to use with can making the gasometry of generation, and waste gas entered waste-gas burning stove and carry out harmless treatment.
Further improve again as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system also comprises electric control system, solid state relay 101, contactor 102, touch-screen 103 and described magnetic valve 073 that described electric control system comprises PLC 10 and is electrically connected with this controller 10; Described solid state relay 101 is electrically connected with electric heating tube 041 in globars heating system 0120 in described pyrolysis oven 011 and waste-gas burning stove 04 respectively, and described contactor 102 is electrically connected with the electric motor 0153 of described puopulsion unit 015, the blower fan 062 of described forced air cooler 06 respectively.Described thermopair everywhere 09 is electrically connected with described PLC 10; Described travel switch 0156, first mass flow controller 021, second mass flow controller 031 and gas meter 11 are electrically connected with described PLC 10 respectively.
Solid state relay, contactor, touch-screen and described magnetic valve that present embodiment comprises PLC owing to have employed described electric control system and is electrically connected with this PLC; Described solid state relay is electrically connected with described globars heating system, and described contactor is electrically connected with the electric heating tube of the electric motor of described puopulsion unit, the blower fan of described forced air cooler and waste-gas burning stove respectively; Described thermopair is electrically connected with described PLC; The technique means that described travel switch, mass flow controller and gas meter are electrically connected with described PLC respectively, so, high temperature pyrolysis experimental system arranges all kinds of processing parameter by touch-screen, the real time temperature of analog information working order and gas real-time traffic, each monitoring site and temperature curve, experiment whole process controls by touch-screen.
Further improve again as present embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, described PLC 10 is configured with the specific routine controlling the co-ordination of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system; Described electric control system also comprises automatic/hand switch 105, combined aural and visual alarm 106 and the usb 1 04 for derived data, and described automatic or manual trip switch 105, combined aural and visual alarm 106 and the usb 1 04 for derived data are electrically connected with described PLC 10 respectively.
Present embodiment owing to have employed the technique means of described PLC, so, substantially increase the reliability of controller, stability and ease for use.Also be configured with owing to have employed described programmable logic controller the specific routine controlling the co-ordination of high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, make cut-and-try work sequencing, regulation and standardization, improve the reproducibility of experiment, reduce the manipulation difficulty of described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system.The technique means of automatic/hand/switch is provided with again owing to have employed described electric control system, so not only can automatically control, but also can Non-follow control.Also owing to have employed the technique means arranging USB interface, so, can easily the experimental data in system be derived.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique, it is the high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique based on said system, it is stand-by that loading is treated that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material and the heat insulation at two ends put into the storage bin be connected with body of heater by the discharge port first opening described body of heater one end, then closed by the discharge port of body of heater; Wherein, described method is further:
The first step: the oxygen in body of heater is got rid of from pyrolysis gas delivery port from the protection gas inlet mouth input of body of heater by the nitrogen utilizing source nitrogen top hole pressure to be not less than 0.2 MPa, and remains that body of heater internal pressure is malleation;
Second step: closed body of heater is heated to design temperature;
3rd step: being raised to loading the material boat feeding treating Pyrolysis Experiment material in the body of heater of design temperature, having continued the temperature keeping setting simultaneously, making the at high temperature pyrolysis rapidly of experiment material;
4th step: the pyrolysis gas that the at high temperature pyrolysis of stove experiment in vivo material disengages is delivered to gas treating system by pipeline and carried out gas pyrolysis processing until the flow of pyrolysis gas is " 0 ";
Described gas pyrolysis processing is:
The first step: first the pyrolysis gas with pressure exported in boiler tube is sent into a cyclonic separator and carries out solid particulate separation;
Second step: Multi-stage cooling process is carried out to the pyrolysis gas after separate solid particles;
3rd step: discharge after the pyrolysis gas after Multi-stage cooling process being sent into respectively gas analysis instrument and gas flare burning.
Present embodiment preheats mode owing to adopting, in sealed states experiment material (as solid waste derivatived fuel) can be sent into reach preset temp pyrolysis oven in rapid heating, prevent mixing of ambient impurities, the temperature of experiment material is made to be elevated to preset temp from normal temperature soon, under preset temp, fully discharge rapidly the pyrolysis gas required for experiment, improve accuracy and the reliability of data gathering.
Described body of heater design temperature is room temperature to 1200 degree Celsius; Described method comprises further collects pyrolysis gas every one-level in Multi-stage cooling process and to lower the temperature the liquid produced, and liquid is delivered to laboratory apparatus and carry out measuring and analysis design mothod.Such as: three grades of cooling process are carried out in described Multi-stage cooling process, be carry out pyrolysis gas cooling process on 400 degrees Celsius, 250 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius pyrolysis gas cooling process and room temperature to 250 degree Celsius pyrolysis gas process respectively.
The experimental data that past can could need obtain through many experiments by the mode that liquid collecting is extracted in the segmentation cooling process that present embodiment adopts, utilizes the present invention once just can complete, has both saved the time, also saved experimental cost.
The concrete operation method of described high temperature pyrolysis experimental system is as follows:
Electric control system has manually and automatic two working ordeies, by automatic/hand/on-off control.
Under manual mode, each link all can manual start-stop, and working routine can refer to auto state.
Auto state is actual is program control state, and some link still needs manual operation.
Under auto state (electric control system switches to auto state):
A. preparation work: switch on power, touch-screen will power up display.
First this experiment should be write for information about.Open the main valve of nitrogen cylinder, tank of compressed air, check high pressure gauge indicating value, too lowly more should renew gas cylinder.Regulate reducing valve knob, make low-pressure meter indicating value be 0.2Mpa(recommendation).Open the valve of the first mass flow controller and the second mass flow controller, close its bypass valve.Open the valve of gas meter ingress and the valve in exit, close its bypass valve.Open the valve being sent to analytical instrument.Check the water-cooled valve (ball valve) below pyrolysis oven, make it be in open mode.Open total water valve, regulate bottom-right two valves of watercooler, watercooler is in and treats working order, boiler tube water-cooling system has current to pass through.These two valves must be opened, but can use comparatively low discharge as required as far as possible.
B. open the tongued and grooved flanges of the first tightness system (cold conditions), successively by heat insulation, the material boat feeding storage bunker innermost loading experiment material, put into heat insulation again in end caps, close encapsulation flange (see Fig. 2).The bottled nitrogen being used for the protection of thermal degradation furnace atmosphere in collection and confinement of gases treatment system, the bottled pressurized air that is used for waste-gas burning are exported respectively by the first mass flow controller and the second mass flow controller; nitrogen enters pyrolysis oven by shielding gas primary heater unit; the gas produced with pyrolysis removes solid particulate through cyclonic separator; entering forced air cooler, tertiary effluent water cooler successively, is liquid component at tertiary effluent water cooler under isolating the normal temperature of pyrolysis generation.
C. the parameter presets such as Heating temperature, air-cooled, water-cooled cranking temperature, pyrolytic reaction time (expectation), nitrogen, pressurized air input flow rate (1-5SLM) are set respectively by touch-screen.
D. working procedure, system starts.Operation afterwards, completes all on the touchscreen.First nitrogen (recommended pressure is 0.2MPa) inputs in boiler tube and purges 3 minutes, the air (as nitrogen does not input or hypotony, system is not started working) of scavenge system inside.Waste-gas burning stove starts preheating simultaneously.After sound and light alarm, thermal degradation stove starts heating.Thermal degradation furnace body temperature rises to preset temperature, sound and light alarm again.Now press " self-feeding " button on touch-screen (press before reaching preheating temperature also can not action), automatically complete charging and screw rod exits." pyrolytic reaction time " countdown starts.From now, whenever can press " experiment completes " button on touch-screen, stop heating, stop experiment.Under normal circumstances, should export at outlet flow gauge is stop heating after 0.
E. along with experiment material temperature rises, pyrolysis starts, and pyrolysis gas disengages, and high-temperature gas enters pipeline, and each point for measuring temperature temperature rises, and when reaching corresponding preset temp, the blower fan of forced air cooler, the entering water electromagnetic valve of watercooler are started working.Air-cooled object is tentatively cooled by high-temperature gas, and suggestion preset temp is 500-700 DEG C.The object of water-cooled is that low temperature, normal temperature in high-temperature gas are liquid components condense and are collected, and high-temperature gas being cooled to room temperature, to ensure that outlet flow gauge normally works.The default working temperature of suggestion tertiary effluent water cooler is followed successively by 400 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 50 DEG C.
F. cool and analytical instrument is sent on pyrolysis gas one tunnel after gas-liquid separation, another road mixes with pressurized air, enters gas flare, enters air after being burnt by combustiblecomponents.The proportional distribution of two groups of gases is controlled by ball valve.
G. after experiment terminates, thermal degradation stove Temperature fall.Furnace tube temperature can be monitored from monitored picture.When furnace tube temperature is lower than 300 DEG C, boiler tube water-cooling system can be closed.Reverse by preparation work, closes water route, gas circuit successively, shuts steel cylinder main valve.Must treat that furnace tube temperature is down to room temperature, the tongued and grooved flanges of the first tightness system can be opened.Take out heat insulation, material boat successively.Open the holding tank of cyclonic separator and watercooler bottom.Solid and heat of liquid hydrolysis products are weighed, measured.The metering of air heat hydrolysis products carries out record by electric control system.The temperature of each monitoring temperature point is also by electrical system record.Whole record data can be derived by USB port USB flash disk, for analysis.Suggestion has tested laggard row statistical conversion at every turn, and the data in clearing systems.
Claims (8)
1. a high temperature pyrolysis experimental system, comprise thermal degradation device, collection and confinement of gases treatment system and realize thermal degradation device and control and the electric control system of gas collection processing system implementing gas processing, it is characterized in that: described thermal degradation device comprises pyrolysis oven, described pyrolysis oven comprises a body of heater being connected also preliminary filling shielding gas with protection source of the gas and heating up, described body of heater connects one when the storage bin sending into experiment material in the backward body of heater that temperature in body of heater rises to design temperature, the pyrolysis gas that experiment material is produced by high temperature is delivered to described collection and confinement of gases treatment system by the gas piping be connected with body of heater, one end of described body of heater is discharge port, described discharge port is provided with the first tightness system to be opened/closed, the other end of described body of heater is opening for feed, described opening for feed seals with described storage bin one end and is communicated with, the material boat of dress experiment material is placed with in described storage bin, described material boat is made up of horizontal heat-resisting steel cylinder, charging opening is had on the upside of the cylindrical surface of described steel cylinder, bale handle is equipped with at charging opening place, the two ends of described steel cylinder seal successively respectively and are fixed with lagging material and backplate, the volume of described material boat is not less than 10 liters, the outside at described material boat two ends is placed with heat insulation respectively, when expecting that boat is placed in working position in boiler tube, described heat insulation is placed in annular cooling water cover place, boiler tube two ends, to ensure that boiler tube two ends are in low-temperature condition, the described storage bin the other end is provided with sealing guide hole, described storage bin the other end arranged outside has the puopulsion unit be pushed into from storage bin by material boat in body of heater, described puopulsion unit has a charging push rod, the termination of described charging push rod extend in described storage bin from described sealing guide hole and is connected with material boat.
2. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pyrolysis oven comprises casing, and described casing runs through the horizontal round shape high temperature steel boiler tube as body of heater; Be positioned at both sides before and after described boiler tube in described casing and be distributed with the globars heating system of vertically placing in the axial direction; The lagging material for heat insulation, fixing boiler tube and globars heating system is filled with in described casing; The circumference that described boiler tube stretches out tank ends arranges annular cooling water cover respectively, and described watercooling jacket and described boiler tube are made as one, is respectively equipped with thermopair outside described boiler tube with gas output end.
3. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the charging push rod of described puopulsion unit is screw rod, described puopulsion unit comprises and is arranged on electric motor outside the described storage bin the other end, by the speed reduction unit of motor drive and the thrust swivel nut that driven by speed reduction unit, swivel nut entangles screw rod, is respectively arranged with the travel switch limiting screw rod and material boat shift position before and after described spiro rod length direction.
4. according to the high temperature pyrolysis experimental system one of claims 1 to 3 Suo Shu; it is characterized in that: in described casing, be provided with shielding gas primary heater unit; described shielding gas primary heater unit is the heat resisting pipe being coiled in the outer at least one circle of described boiler tube; one end of described heat resisting pipe is communicated with shielding gas source, and the other end is communicated with the shielding gas input terminus of described boiler tube.
5. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described collection and confinement of gases treatment system comprises cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, tertiary effluent water cooler, metal cloth filter and the gas flare of connecting successively; Three watercoolers are mutually connected in series and form tertiary effluent water cooler, and the entrance of described cyclonic separator connects body of heater for separating of the solid particulate in pyrolysis gas by tracheae, and the outlet of cyclonic separator connects forced air cooler entrance; The outlet of forced air cooler connects the first step watercooler entrance of tertiary effluent water cooler; The outlet of third stage watercooler is in series with metal cloth filter; The outlet of metal cloth filter is divided into two-way, and a road connects gas analysis instrument, and another road connects gas flare; Described gas flare is used for discharging after the pyrolysis gas after by process burns; Thermopair is respectively arranged with in the import and gas flare of described cyclonic separator, forced air cooler, three watercoolers, described watercooler comprises cooling water tank and U-shaped finned tube, described U-shaped finned tube is placed in described cooling water tank, the bottom of described U-shaped finned tube is communicated with Packed liquid trap, is provided with the magnetic valve coordinating with thermopair and control described watercooler cooling temperature in the cooling water pipeline that described watercooler is connected with cooling water source.
6. high temperature pyrolysis experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electric control system comprises PLC, touch-screen, thermopair and power element, the signal input circuit of PLC connects pyrolysis oven, the thermopair of collection and confinement of gases treatment unit and touch-screen respectively, and the control output circuit of PLC connects electrically heated rod, the gentle body controlling elements of water-cooled valve of pyrolysis oven and gas collection and treatment device by power element; Touch-screen is for arranging all kinds of processing parameter, the man-machine dialogue of Control release whole process, analog information working order and gas real-time traffic, the real time temperature of each monitoring site and temperature curve.
7. one kind is carried out high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique by the high temperature pyrolysis experimental system as described in one of claim 1 to 6, it is stand-by that loading is treated that the material boat of Pyrolysis Experiment material and the heat insulation at two ends put into the storage bin be connected with body of heater by the discharge port first opening described body of heater one end, then closed by the discharge port of body of heater; It is characterized in that, described method further:
The first step: the air in body of heater is got rid of from pyrolysis gas delivery port from the protection gas inlet mouth input of body of heater by the nitrogen utilizing source nitrogen top hole pressure to be not less than 0.2 MPa, and remains that body of heater internal pressure is malleation;
Second step: closed body of heater is heated to design temperature;
3rd step: being raised to loading the material boat feeding treating Pyrolysis Experiment material in the body of heater of design temperature, having continued the temperature keeping setting simultaneously, making the at high temperature pyrolysis rapidly of experiment material;
4th step: the gas that the at high temperature pyrolysis of stove experiment in vivo material disengages is delivered to gas treating system by pipeline and carried out processing until the flow of pyrolysis gas is " 0 ";
In described 4th step, the gas that the at high temperature pyrolysis of stove experiment in vivo material disengages is delivered to gas treating system by pipeline and is carried out process and be:
The first step: first the pyrolysis gas with pressure exported in boiler tube is sent into a cyclonic separator and carries out solid particulate separation;
Second step: Multi-stage cooling process is carried out to the pyrolysis gas after separate solid particles;
3rd step: discharge after the pyrolysis gas after Multi-stage cooling process being sent into respectively gas analysis instrument and gas flare burning.
8. a kind of high temperature pyrolysis experimental technique according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described method comprises further collects pyrolysis gas every one-level in Multi-stage cooling process and lower the temperature the liquid produced, and described liquid is for measuring and analysis design mothod.
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| CN104745210B (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2017-12-19 | 中美新能源技术研发（山西）有限公司 | A kind of water Quench pulverized coal pyrolysis device and its control method |
| CN105842386B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-03-27 | 扬州大学 | Eliminate the two-phase seperation formula pilot system of coal contaminants discharge |
| CN107559843A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-09 | 山东福航新能源环保股份有限公司 | A kind of closed feeding device in dangerous waste incineration processing |
| CN107723003B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2023-04-25 | 柳州金螺机械股份有限公司 | Organic matter carbonization system and method thereof |
| CN107656009B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2024-05-14 | 广东上益食品有限公司 | Quick food detection device |
| CN108707467A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-26 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Solid waste thermal splitting system |
| CN108676580B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | 内蒙古科技大学 | High Wen Jiaohu type double-fixed bed gasification furnace and process method thereof |
| CN109294600B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2024-01-23 | 黑龙江省能源环境研究院 | Multi-bin vertical biomass carbonization experiment furnace and application method thereof |
| CN110016356B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2023-10-20 | 青岛科技大学 | Automatic cracking equipment and cracking method for 5KG laboratory |
| CN110307547A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-08 | 深圳市弘玮环境技术有限公司 | Microwave catalysis incinerator |
| CN111721120A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 常州大学 | Experimental system for preparation of simulated flue gas of heating furnace |
| CN112941262B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-07-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Gas-based reduction simulation device and gas-based reduction simulation method |
| CN113483332A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-08 | 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 | Method for treating electronic garbage through microwave pyrolysis and control system thereof |
| CN114184483B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2023-10-24 | 广东科鼎功能材料有限公司 | Temperature control device for detecting functional polymer material |
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