Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
  • C09D11/102—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
  • C09D11/033—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
  • C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
  • C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09D11/107—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
  • C09D11/322—Pigment inks

Definitions

• This disclosure pertains to an aqueous Inkjet ink, in particular to an aqueous Inkjet ink comprising an aqueous vehicle, a dispersed pigment colorant, a dispersed polyurethane polymer, and a dispersed olefin ionic copolymer.
• Inkjet printing is a non-impact printing process in which droplets of ink are deposited on a substrate, such as paper, to form the desired image.
• Inkjet printers are equipped with an ink set which, for full color printing, typically comprises a cyan, magenta and yellow ink (CMY).
• An ink set also commonly comprises a black ink (CMYK).
• U.S. Patent Application Publication No, 20080269374 discloses the formation of a passivation layer on pigment surface to prevent pigment-latex separation when applied to a subsiraie so as to improve durability.
• JP1 1001563, JP08239605 and JP08231909 disclose ink compositions containing ethylene/aerylic acid copolymer.
• the present disclosure satisfies this need by providing ink compositions containing dispersed polyurethane and dispersed olefin ionic copolymer having improved durability.
• An embodiment provides an ink comprising an aqueous vehicle, a dispersed pigment colorant, a dispersed polyurethane polymer, and a dispersed olefin ionic copolymer.
• dispersed polyurethane polymer has an acid number of 5 to 50 mg KOH/g polymer solids.
• dispersed polyurethane polymer has an acid number of 15 to 35 mg KOH/g polymer solids.
• dispersed olefin ionic copolymer has an acid number of 75 to 230 mg KOH/g polymer solids.
• the dispersed olefin ionic copolymer has an acid number of 1 10 to 200 mg KOH/g polymer solids.
• weight ratio of said dispersed polyurethane polymer and said dispersed olefin ionic copolymer is from 0.2 : 1.0 to 1.0 : 0.2.
• the weight ratio of said dispersed polyurethane polymer and said dispersed olefin ionic copolymer is from 0.5 : 1.0 to 1.0 : 0.5.
• alkaline metal is sodium or potassium.
• the ink further comprising an aprotic non-polar solvent.
• the aprotic non-polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of dibenzyl sebacate, diisobutyl Adspate, diethvlene glycol dibutyi Ether, methyl isobutyl ketone tetraethvlene glycol dimethyl ether propylene glycol, methyl amy! ketone, diaeetaie, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
• aprotic non-polar solvent is dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.
• dispersed olefin ionic copolymer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene/acrylic acid, ethylene/mefhacrylic acid,
• propylene/acrylic acid propylene/methaerylic acid, copolymers, respective terpolymers and mixture thereof.
• dispersed olefin ionic copolymer is an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer.
• Yet another embodiment provides that the ink is printed on offset media.
• SDP means a "self-dispersible” or “self-dispersing” pigment.
• the term "dispersion” means a two phase system wherein one phase consists of finely divided particles (often in a colloidal size range) distributed throughout a bulk substance, the particles being the dispersed or internal phase and the bulk substance being the continuous or external phase.
• the term "dispersant” means a surface active agent added to a suspending medium to promote uniform and maximum separation of extremely fine solid particles often of colloidal sizes.
• the dispersants are most often polymeric dispersants, and the dispersants and pigments are usually combined using a dispersing equipment.
• the tenn "OD" means optical density
• the tenn “degree of functionalization” refers to the amount of hydrophiiic groups preseni on the surface of the SDP per unit surface area, measured in accordance with the method described further herein.
• aqueous vehicle refers to water or a mixture of water and at least one water-soluble, or partially water-soluble (i.e., methyl ethyl ketone), organic solvent (co-solvent).
• the tenn “substantially” means being of considerable degree, almost ail.
• dyne/cm means dyne per centimetre, a surface tension unit.
• centipoise centipoise, a viscosity unit.
• mPa.s means millipascal second, a viscosity unit.
• mN.m means miiliNewions per meter, a surface tension unit.
• mS.cm means milli Siemens per centimeter, a conductivity unit.
• EDTA means eihyienediaminetetraacetic acid.
• IDA iminodiacetic acid
• EDDHA ethyl eiiediamine-di(o- hydroxyphenylaceiic acid).
• DHEG dihydroxyethylglycine
• DTPA diethylenetriamine- ,N,N',N",N"- pentaacetic acid
• GEDTA glycoletherdiamine-N, ,N', '-tetraacetic acid.
• Surfynol® 465 is a surfactant from Air Products (AUentown, PA, U.S.A.).
• RMSD root mean square deviation
• jettabil ty means good jetting properties with no clogging or deflection during printing.
• the term "persistence length” is a basic mechanical property quantifying the stiffness of a long polymer.
• Selection of a suitable aqueous vehicle mixture depends on requirements of the specific application, such as the desired surface tension and viscosity, the selected colorant, drying time of the ink, and the type of substrate onto which the ink will be printed.
• water-soluble organic solvents which may be utilized in the present disclosure are those that are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,085,698.
• the aqueous vehicle typically will contain about 30 % to about 95 % of water with the remaining balance (i.e., about 70 % to about 5 %) being the water-soluble solvent.
• Compositions of the present disclosure may contain about 60 % to about 95 % water, based on the total weight of the aqueous vehicle.
• the amount of aqueous vehicle in the ink is typically in the range of about 70 % to about 99.8 %; specifically about 80 % to about 99,8 %, based on total weight of the ink.
• the aqueous vehicle can be made to be fast penetrating (rapid drying) by including surfactants or penetrating agents such as glycol ether(s) or 1,2-alkanediols.
• Suitable surfactants include ethoxylated acetylene diols (e.g., Surfynols® series from Air Products), ethoxyiated primary (e.g., Neodol® series from Shell) and secondary (e.g., Tergitol® series from Union Carbide) alcohols, sulfosuccinates (e.g., Aerosol® series from Cyiec), organosilicones (e.g., Siiwet ⁇ series from Witco) and fluoro surfactants (e.g., Zonyl® series from DuPont).
• surfactants include ethoxylated acetylene diols (e.g., Surfynols® series from Air Products), eth
• glycol ether(s) or l,2-al sprediol(s) added must be properly determined, but is typically in a range of from about 1 % to about 15 % by weight, and more typically about 2 % to about 10 % by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
• Surfactants may be used, typically in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 5%, and specifically from about 0.2 % to about 2 %, based on the total weight of the ink.
• pigment as used herein means an insoluble colorant that requires to be dispersed with a dispersant and processed under dispersive conditions in the presence of a dispersant.
• the colorant also includes dispersed dyes. The dispersion process results in a stable dispersed pigment.
• the selected pigment(s) may be used in dry or wet form.
• pigments are usually manufactitred in aqueous media, and the resulting pigments are obtained as a water-wet presscake.
• presscake form the pigment does not agglomerate to the extent it would in dry form.
• pigments in water- wet presscake form do not require as much mixing energy to de-agglomerate in the premix process as pigments in dry fonn.
• pigments with coloristic properties useful in Inkjet inks include: cyan pigments from Pigment Blue 15:3 and Pigment Blue 15:4; magenta pigments from Pigment Red 122 and Pigment Red 202; yellow pigments from Pigment Yellow 14, Pigment Yellow 95, Pigment Yellow 1 10, Pigment Yellow 1 14, Pigment Yellow 128 and Pigment Yellow 155; red pigments from Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 62., Pigment Red 17, Pigment Red 49:2, Pigment Red 1 12, Pigment Red 149, Pigment Red 177, Pigment Red 178, Pigment Red 188, Pigment Red 255 and Pigment Red 264: green pigments from Pigment Green 1, Pigment Green 2, Pigment Green 7 and Pigment Green 36; blue pigments from Pigment Blue 60, Pigment Violet 3, Pigment Violet 19, Pigment Violet 23, Pigment Violet 32, Pigment Violet 36 and Pigment Violet 38; white pigments such as TiO? and ZnO; and black pigment carbon black.
• the pigment of the present disclosure can also be a self-dispersing (or self- dispersible) pigment.
• self- dispersing pigment or "SDP" refers to pigment particles whose surface has been chemically modified with hydropbiiie, dispersability- imparting groups that allow the pigment to be stably dispersed in an aqueous vehicle without a separate dispersant. "Stably dispersed” means ihai the pigment is finely divided, uniformly distributed and resistant to particle growth and flocculation.
• the SDPs may be prepared by grafting a functional group or a molecule containing a functional group onto the surface of the pigment, by physical treatment (such as vacuum plasma), or by chemical treatment (for example, oxidation with ozone, hypochlorous acid or the like).
• a single type or a plurality of types of hydrophilic functional groups may be bonded to one pigment particle.
• the hydrophilic groups are carboxylate or sulfonate groups which provide the SDP with a negative charge when dispersed in aqueous vehicle.
• the carboxylate or sulfonate groups are usually associated with monovalent and/or divalent cationic counter-ions.
• the SDPs may be black, such as those based on carbon black, or may be colored pigments.
• pigments with colorisric properties useful in inkjet inks include: Pigment Blue 15:3 and Pigment Blue 15:4 (for cyan); Pigment Red 122 and Pigment Red 202 (for magenta); Pigment Yellow 14, Pigment Yellow 74, Pigment Yellow 95, Pigment Yellow 1 10, Pigment Yellow 1 14, Pigment Yellow 128 and Pigment Yellow 155 (for yellow); Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 62, Pigment Red 17, Pigment Red 49:2, Pigment Red 1 12, Pigment Red 149, Pigment Red 177, Pigment Red 178, Pigment Red 188, Pigment Red 255 and Pigment Red 264 (for red); Pigment Green 1, Pigment Green 2, Pigment Green 7 and Pigment Green 36264 (for green); Pigment Blue 60, Pigment Violet 3, Pigment Violet 19, Pigment Violet 23, Pigment Violet 32, Pigment Violet 36 and Pigment Violet 38 (for blue); and carbon black.
• Colorants are referred to herein by their "C.I.”.
• the SDPs of the present disclosure may have a degree of functionalization wherein the density of anionic groups is less than about 3.5 ⁇ per square meter of pigment surface (3.5 ⁇ / ⁇ 7" ), and more specifically, less than about 3.0 ⁇ / ⁇ 7" . Degrees of functionalization of less than about 1.8 umol/m 2 , and more specifically, less than about 1.5 ⁇ / ⁇ 2 , are also suitable and may be preferred for certain specific types of SDPs.
• the range of useful particle size after dispersion is typically from about 0.005 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
• the pigment particle size should range from about 0.005 micrometers to about 5 micrometers; and, specifically, from about 0,005 micrometers to about 1 micrometers.
• the average particle size as measured by dynamic light scattering is less than about 500 ran, typically less than about 300 ran.
• the amount of pigment present in the ink is typically in the range of from about 0, 1 % to about 25 % by weight, and more typically in the range of from about 0.5 % to about 10 % by weight, based on the total weight of ink. If an inorganic pigment is selected, the ink will tend to contain higher percentages by weight of pigment than with comparable inks employing organic pigment, since inorganic pigments generally have higher densities than organic pigments.
• the polymeric dispersant for the non-self-dispersing pigment(s) may be a random or a structured polymer.
• the polymer dispersant is a copolymer of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers.
• the "random polymer” means polymers where molecules of each monomer are randomly arranged in the polymer backbone.
• the "random polymer” also includes polyurethanes.
• the "structured polymer” means polymers having a block, branched, graft or star structure. Examples of structured polymers include AB or BAB block copolymers such as the ones disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
• the dispersed polyurethane polymers of the present disclosure include, but not limited to, the polyurethane dispersoid disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0182154.
• the dispersed olefin ionic copolymers of the present disclosure include, but not limited to, copolymers of ethyiene/acrylic acid, emylene/methacrylic acid,
• propyl eiie/acrylic acid propylene/methacrylic acid, and respective terpolymers and mixture thereof.
• the dispersed polyurethane polymer and dispersed olefin ionic copolymer are included in the ink in an effective amount to improve short term print durability relative to the same ink without these additives.
• these additives are present in an inlc at a level of at least about 0.2 % by weight based on the total weight of the ink.
• the upper level is not limited, but is dictated by considerations such as compatibility with other ink components.
• the additives are present in a range of 0.1 % to 5 % based on the total weight of the ink.
• the bleed control agent is present in a range of 0,2 % to 4 % based on the total weight of the ink. The appropriate levels of bleed control agent can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art through routine experimentation.
• the weight ratio of the dispersed polyurethane polymer and the dispersed olefin ionic copolymer is typically from 0.2 : 1 .0 to 1.0 : 0.2, and more typically from 0.5 : 1.0 to 1.0 : 0.5.
• Surfactants are commonly added to inks to adjust surface tension and wetting properties. Suitable surfactants include the ones disclosed in the Vehicle section above. Surfactants are typically used in amounts up to about 5 % and more typically in amounts up to 2 % by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
• EDTA eihylenediaminetetraaceiic acid
• IDA iminodiacetic acid
• EPDHA ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)
• NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
• DHEG dihydroxyethy] glycine
• CyDTA trans- 1,2- cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid
• DTP A glycoletherdiamine-N.N.N'.N'-tetraacetic acid
• GEDTA glycoletherdiamine-N.N.N'.N'-tetraacetic acid
• Polymers may be added to the ink to impro ve durability or other properties.
• the polymers can be soluble in the vehicle or in a dispersed form, and can be ionic or nonionic.
• Soluble polymers include linear homopolymers and copolymers or block polymers. They also can be stmctured polymers including graft or branched polymers, stars and dendrmiers.
• the dispersed polymers may include, for example, latexes and hydrosols.
• the polymers may be made by any known, process including, but not limited to, free radical, group transfer, ionic, condensation and other types of polymerization. They may be made by a solution, emulsion, or suspension polymerization process. Typical classes of polymer additives include anionic acrylic, styrene- acrylic and poiyurethane polymer.
• a polymer When a polymer is present, its level is typically between about 0.01 % and about 3 % by weight, based on the total weight of an ink. The upper limit is dictated by ink viscosity or other physical limitations.
• ink set refers to all the individual inks or other fluids an inkjet printer is equipped to jet.
• Ink sets typically comprise at least three differently colored inks. For example, a cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y) ink forms a CMY ink set. More typically, an ink set includes at least four differently colored inks, for example, by adding a black (K) ink to the CMY " ink set to form a CMYK ink set.
• K black
• the magenta, yellow and cyan inks of the ink set are typically aqueous inks, and may contain dyes, pigments or combinations thereof as the colorant.
• Such other inks are, in a general sense, well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• an ink set may further comprise one or more "gamut-expanding" inks, including differently colored inks such as an orange ink, a green ink, a red ink and/or a blue ink, and combinations of full strength and light strength inks such as light cyan and light magenta.
• Gamut-expanding inks including differently colored inks such as an orange ink, a green ink, a red ink and/or a blue ink, and combinations of full strength and light strength inks such as light cyan and light magenta.
• a typical ink sei comprises a magenta, yellow, cyan and black ink, wherein the black ink is an ink according to the present disclosure comprising an aqueous vehicle and a self- dispersing carbon black pigment.
• the colorant in each of the magenta, yellow and cyan inks is a dye.
• Pigmented ink jet inks typically have a surface tension in the range of about 20 dyne/cm to about 70 dyne/cm at 25 °C. Viscosity can be as high as 30 cP at 25 °C, but is typically somewhat lower.
• the ink has physical properties compatible with a wide range of ejecting conditions, i.e., driving frequency of the piezo element or ejection conditions for a thermal head for either a drop- on-demand de vice or a continuous de vice, and the shape and size of the nozzle.
• the inks should have excellent storage stability for long periods so as not to clog to a significant extent in an ink jet apparatus. Furthermore, the ink should not corrode parts of the ink jet printing device it comes in contact with, and it should be essentially odorless and non-toxic.
• the inventive ink set is particularly suited to lower viscosity applications such as those required by thermal printheads.
• the viscosity of the inventive inks at 25 °C can be less than about 7 cP, typically less than about 5 cP, and more typically than about 3.5 cP.
• Thermal Inkjet actuators rely on instantaneous heating/bubble formation to eject ink drops and this mechanism of drop formation generally requires inks of lower viscosity.
• the present embodiments are particularly advantageous for printing on plain paper, such as common electrophotographic copier paper and photo paper, glossy paper and similar papers used in Inkjet printers.
• offset paper typically contains a nonporous smooth surface.
• the smooth non-porous surface is formed by a coating which requires more time for fluids to penetrate.
• offset coatings contain polymers that are more hydrophobic, e.g., styrene-butadiene based, than paper coatings specifically designed for ink-jet ink, e.g., water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol.
• offset coatings are typically hydrophobic, have poor penetration properties, and are smooth/non-porous, offset coatings tend to interact poorly with water-based inks.
• polymers used to coat offset media include latex binders, polystyrenes, polyoiefms (polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutadiene), polyesters (PET), polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and/or poly (maleic anhydride).
• the heated-roller-bar is also evaluated for any ink transfer from the print to the bar and raied according to the following scale
• the -ink to be tested is drawn down on the selected media as described above and then the wet film is wiped with a piece of copy paper at 10 second intervals.
• the dry-time is the time at which the ink no longer smudges on the media.
• the flask temperature was raised to 50 °C and held for 30 minutes. 44.57 g DMPA followed by 25.2 g TEA w r as then added to the flask via the addition funnel, which was then rinsed with 15.5 g acetone. The flask temperature was then raised again to 50 °C until NCO % was 1.14 % or less.
• Acetone (—310.0 g) was removed under vacuum, leaving a final dispersoid of polyurethane with about 35.0% solids by weight.
• the ethylene/methacryi c acid copolymer (DuPont material designated SEP 1702.-1) contained 19% by weight of methacry!ic acid with an acid number of 124 mg KOH/g and melt index of 300.
• An aqueous dispersion was formed by neutralizing with sodium hydroxide in water and stirring. The dispersion particle size was 87 nm.
• the ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer dispersion was Micliem Prime 5931
• Crosslinked pigment dispersions were prepared with magenta (Pigment Red 122.) and carbon black pigments. .
• the following procedure was used to prepare pigmented dispersions with polyurethane dispersant 1. Using a Buliler PML mill, a premix was prepared at typically 20-30 % pigment loading and the targeted dispersant level was selected at a
• pigment/dispersant (P/D) ratio of 1 .5 - 3.0.
• a P/ ' D of 2.5 corresponds to a 40% dispersant level on pigment.
• a co-solvent was added at 10 % of the total dispersion formulation to facilitaie pigment wetiing and dissolution of dispersant in the premix stage and ease of grinding during milling stage.
• triethylene glycol monobutyl ether (TEB as supplied from Dow Chemicals) was the co- solvent of choice.
• the polyurethane dispersants of the present invention were neutralized prior to pigment dispersion preparation with either KOH or amine io facilitate dissolution of polymer into water and wetting of the pigment.
• the pigment level was maintained at typically 27 %, and was subsequently reduced to about 24 % during the milling stage by the addition of de-ionized water for optimal media mill grinding conditions. After completion of the milling stage, which was typically 4 hours, the remaining letdown of de-ionized w r ater was added and thoroughly mixed.
• All the pigmented dispersions processed with co-solvent were purified using an ultrafiltration process to remove co-solvent(s) and filter out other impurities that may be present. After completion, the pigment levels in the dispersions were reduced to about 10 to 1 5%.
• a cross-linking compound Denacol 321
• the Denacol 321 was added at 3% by weight of the pigment.
• the pH was adjusted to at least about 8.0 if needed.
• Carbon black (8- 1 60 from Degussa, surface area 150 m 2 /g) was oxidized with ozone according to the process described in WOO 1/94476 and neutralized with LiOH. After recovery, a 16.6 weight percent dispersion of self-dispersing carbon black pigment in water was obtained with a viscosity of 3.5 cps (25°C). The median particle size was 1 10 ran and the acid number (degree of functionalization) was 3.3 umol m 2 . The degree of functionalization, as measured, was slightly above the target level of ⁇ 3.0 umol/m 2 .
• the degree of ⁇ nationalization (acid value) of this SDP was determined by the equivalent moles of base required to neutralize the treated pigment to a pH of 7. As the surface hydrophilic groups are substantially ail acidic, the acid value also equals the degree of functionalization.
• Equivalent moles of base can be determined by titration or, in the case of inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, by atomic absoiption (AA) or Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis. Moles of base per gram of SDP is obtained and converted to ⁇ /m 2 by dividing by the surface area of the pigment and adjusting the units appropriately. For accuracy, the neutralized sample must be free of contaminants, such as free acids or salts, which would interfere with the measurement.
• AA atomic absoiption
• ICP Inductive Coupled Plasma
• the mventive inks with the combination of binders have significantly better drawdown durability than the comparative inks with just one binder or the other.
• the dry times are comparable or slightly better than the comparative inks. On this media there was no improvement in ink transfer to the heated roller bar.
• the inventive inks showed the best balance of durability, little ink transfer and faster drying.
• the inventive inks show better durability, less ink transfer and faster drying than the comparative inks

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
• Ink Jet (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-12-15 US US15/108,888 patent/US10196531B2/en active Active
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