WO2015100945A1 - 一种滚珠高速电主轴 - Google Patents

一种滚珠高速电主轴 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015100945A1
WO2015100945A1 PCT/CN2014/079295 CN2014079295W WO2015100945A1 WO 2015100945 A1 WO2015100945 A1 WO 2015100945A1 CN 2014079295 W CN2014079295 W CN 2014079295W WO 2015100945 A1 WO2015100945 A1 WO 2015100945A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
shaft core
annular cooling
distribution
passage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/079295
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤秀清
Original Assignee
广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 filed Critical 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
Publication of WO2015100945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015100945A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/121—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine with lubricating effect for reducing friction
    • B23Q11/123—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine with lubricating effect for reducing friction for lubricating spindle bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ball high speed electric spindle applied to the field of machining. Background technique
  • the electric spindle is a commonly used equipment for machining. It usually includes a body and a shaft core assembly.
  • the shaft core assembly is installed inside the body. When the electric spindle is working, the internal stator on the body generates a magnetic field around the rotor surrounding the shaft assembly.
  • the shaft core assembly rotates at a high speed, and the upper shaft 7 seat and the lower shaft 7 seat are fixed on the body body, and the two ends of the shaft core assembly are respectively connected to the upper bearing seat and the lower bearing seat through the upper shaft and the lower shaft.
  • the high-speed rotation of the electric spindle mainly depends on the upper bearing and the lower bearing of the upper and lower bearing seats on both ends of the shaft core, and the inner and outer rings of the upper bearing and the lower bearing are filled with grease to ensure the electric spindle.
  • the shaft core rotates at a high speed.
  • This kind of lubrication requires high performance of the grease. After the grease is used for a long time, the lubrication effect is not ideal enough to affect the rotation speed of the electric spindle.
  • the existing improvements are achieved by improving the performance of the grease, and therefore, the improvement effect is limited.
  • a ball high speed electric spindle including
  • the body assembly including a body, a stator fixed inside the body, and an upper bearing housing and a lower bearing seat fixedly coupled to the body;
  • the shaft core assembly comprises a shaft core and a rotor mounted on the outer side of the shaft core and matched with the stator.
  • the upper end portion of the shaft core is pivotally connected to the upper bearing housing through an upper bearing, and the lower end portion is pivotally connected to the lower shaft bearing through the lower bearing;
  • the upper part of the body component is provided with a lubricating oil gas inlet, a lower lubricating oil gas inlet and a lubricating oil gas outlet; the upper lubricating oil gas inlet, the gap between the upper bearing inner ring and the outer ring, and the lubricating oil gas outlet are sequentially connected; the lower lubricating oil gas inlet and the lower bearing are The gap between the inner ring and the outer ring and the lubricating oil gas outlet are sequentially connected.
  • the body assembly further comprises a heat-conducting sleeve which is closely attached to the inner surface of the machine body and is fixed inside the body, and the nail is fixed inside the heat-conducting sleeve;
  • the outer surface of the heat-conducting sleeve is provided with a first annular cooling which is mutually offset along the axial direction of the body a groove and a second annular cooling groove;
  • an upper annular cooling groove is disposed at an outer surface of the upper bearing seat and a surface of the inner surface of the machine body, and an outer annular cooling groove is disposed at an outer surface of the lower bearing seat and a surface of the inner body;
  • the body assembly is provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, the lower annular cooling tank is in communication with the coolant inlet, the lower annular cooling tank is in communication with the second annular cooling tank, and the second annular cooling tank is in communication with the first annular cooling groove, first The annular cooling groove is in communication with the upper annular cooling groove
  • a plurality of IHJ grooves arranged along the axial direction of the stator are disposed on the bottom walls of the first annular cooling groove and the second annular cooling groove.
  • a sealing ring is disposed at a position where both ends of the heat conducting sleeve cooperate with the inner surface of the machine body.
  • the ball high speed electric spindle also includes
  • a distribution barrel fixed inside the body, the lower end of the distribution barrel is movably sleeved on the upper end of the shaft core, and an annular air groove is disposed on the inner wall of the distribution barrel and the shaft core;
  • the upper end of the connecting body is provided with an overflow port; the upper end portion is fixed on the connecting seat and is connected to the isolating cylinder in the dispensing barrel;
  • a distribution shaft which is connected in the isolation cylinder, the upper end of the distribution shaft is fixedly connected to the connection seat, the lower end portion passes through the portion of the distribution barrel and is connected to the upper end portion of the shaft core; and the outer surface of the distribution shaft and the inner surface of the isolation cylinder Forming an overflow passage that is connected to the overflow port at the upper end portion; a gap between the distribution barrel and the shaft core, and a gap between the distribution shaft and the shaft core are located below the overflow passage and communicate with the lower end portion of the overflow passage
  • the distribution shaft is internally provided with a cooling flow passage extending from the upper end surface thereof to the lower end surface thereof, the upper end portion of the cooling flow passage forming a coolant inlet and the lower end portion communicating with the cooling passage inside the shaft core;
  • the intake passage has an outer end for connecting to an external high-pressure gas source and an inner end for conducting to the annular gas groove.
  • the outer portion of the distribution shaft is provided with a shoulder that is snapped into the dispensing barrel and the spacer
  • the portion of the dispensing bucket below the shoulder defines a receiving cavity; the gap between the dispensing barrel and the shaft core, and the gap between the dispensing shaft and the shaft core are communicated with the lower side of the receiving cavity, and the shoulder is provided with a receiving cavity a through hole that communicates with the lower end of the overflow passage.
  • a fixing seat is further fixed inside the body, and the fixing seat is provided with an air inlet communicating with the outer end of the intake passage and for connecting the external high-pressure gas source output port.
  • the intake passage passes through the body, the fixed seat and the distribution bucket in order from the outside to the inside.
  • the ball high-speed electric spindle of the present invention is provided with a channel for transporting oil and gas lubricating medium to the upper bearing and the lower bearing, and continuously transports the oil and gas lubricating medium in the upper bearing and the lower bearing, and realizes the upper bearing by means of oil and gas lubrication.
  • the lubrication of the lower bearing improves the lubrication effect.
  • the upper end of the shaft core is sealed by gas, and the excess coolant inside the shaft core is sent out of the main shaft by the high pressure gas to prevent the coolant from affecting other parts of the electric spindle.
  • the bearing can be lubricated by the oil-gas mixture to prevent dust and debris from remaining inside the bearing.
  • the utility model can effectively reduce the working temperature of the upper bearing seat, the lower bearing seat, the stator and the shaft core, and ensure that all the important components of the electric spindle can work in the low temperature ring, thereby improving the running precision of the electric spindle and increasing the growth.
  • Figure 1 is an end view of the electric spindle of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 1;
  • the ball high speed electric spindle of the present invention comprises: a body assembly and a core assembly, wherein the body assembly includes a body 10.
  • the inner surface is hermetically sealed, the stator 13 is fixed inside the heat conducting sleeve 14, and the upper bearing housing 11 and the lower bearing housing 12 are fixedly connected to the body 10.
  • the outer surface of the heat conducting sleeve 14 is provided with a first annular cooling groove 141 surrounding the outer portion thereof. And the second annular cooling groove 142, the first annular cooling groove 141 and the second annular cooling groove 142 are offset from each other in the axial direction of the heat conducting sleeve 14; the position of the outer surface of the upper bearing housing 11 at the inner surface of the body 10 is set There is an upper annular cooling groove 111; a lower annular cooling groove 121 is provided at a position where the outer surface of the lower bearing housing 12 is fitted to the inner surface of the body 10.
  • the body assembly further includes a fixing base 15 fixedly connected to the top end portion of the body 10; the fixing base 15 defines a coolant inlet 151 connected to the output end of the refrigeration device and a connection to the input end of the refrigeration device. a coolant outlet 152 having a first coolant passage 101 communicating the coolant inlet 151 and the lower annular coolant groove 121, and a second coolant passage 102 communicating the upper annular coolant 111 and the coolant outlet 152.
  • the lower annular cooling groove 121 communicates with the second annular cooling groove 142 through a passage provided inside the body 10, and the second annular cooling groove 142 communicates with the first annular cooling groove 141 through a passage provided inside the body 10, the first annular cooling
  • the groove 141 is in communication with the upper annular cooling groove 111 through a passage provided inside the body 10.
  • the shaft core assembly includes a shaft core 20, a rotor 21 mounted outside the shaft core 20 and located inside the stator shaft 13.
  • the upper end portion of the shaft core 20 is pivotally connected to the upper bearing housing 11 via an upper bearing 110, and the lower end portion of the shaft core 20 passes through
  • the lower bearing 120 is pivotally connected to the lower bearing housing 12.
  • the external refrigeration device inputs the lower temperature coolant liquid from the coolant inlet 151, and the coolant flows through the first coolant channel 101 into the lower annular cooling tank 121, and the coolant is inside the lower annular cooling tank 121.
  • the second annular cooling tank 142 and the first annular cooling tank 141 are sequentially introduced, and the cooling liquid is carried out with the heat conducting sleeve 14 in the second annular cooling tank 142 and the first annular cooling tank 141.
  • the heat exchange takes away the heat generated when the stator 13 is in operation, and then enters the upper annular cooling groove 111.
  • the second coolant passage 102 is transported from the coolant outlet 152 to the refrigeration device, thus, the coolant inlet 151, the first cooling
  • the liquid passage 101, the lower annular cooling tank 121, the second annular cooling tank 142, the first annular cooling tank 141, the upper annular cooling tank 111, the second coolant passage 102, the coolant outlet 152, and the refrigeration device form a coolant flow
  • the coolant takes away the heat generated when the lower bearing housing 12, the stator 13 and the upper bearing housing 11 work, thereby ensuring that the lower bearing housing 12, the stator 13 and the upper bearing housing 11 always operate under a low temperature ring.
  • a plurality of IHJ grooves may be disposed on the bottom walls of the first annular cooling groove 141 and the second annular cooling groove 142, and the plurality of IHJ grooves are arranged along the axial direction of the stator 13 to increase the coolant.
  • a sealing ring may be disposed at a position where both ends of the heat conducting sleeve 14 are engaged with the inner surface of the body 10.
  • An upper lubricating oil inlet 154, a lower lubricating oil inlet 155, and a lubricating oil outlet 156 are further disposed on the fixing base 15.
  • the first lubricating oil passage 104 and the upper end of the body 10 are connected with the upper lubricating oil inlet 154.
  • a second lubricating oil gas passage 105 communicating with the lower lubricating oil gas inlet 155 and a third lubricating oil gas passage 106 communicating with the lubricating oil gas outlet 156; wherein the lower end portion of the first lubricating oil gas passage 104 is electrically connected to the inner ring of the upper bearing 110 and a gap between the outer rings, and a gap between the inner ring and the outer ring of the upper bearing 110 is communicated to the third lubricating oil passage 106 through a passage inside the upper bearing housing 11; the lower end portion of the second lubricating oil passage 105 is electrically connected to a gap between the inner ring and the outer ring of the lower shaft 120, and a gap between the inner ring and the outer ring of the lower bearing 120 passes through the lower bearing
  • the passage inside the seat 12 is connected to the third lubricating oil passage 106.
  • the oil-gas mixture enters the first lubricating oil passage 104 and the second lubricating oil passage 105 from the upper lubricating oil inlet 154 and the lower lubricating oil inlet 155, respectively, and lubricates the upper shaft 7 110 and the lower bearing 120 to ensure lubrication.
  • the upper bearing 110 and the lower bearing 120 are always in a lubricating state, and the compressed air in the oil-air mixture can cool the upper bearing 110 and the lower bearing 120, and can prevent dust and debris from remaining in the upper bearing 110 and the lower bearing.
  • the oil-gas mixture in the upper bearing 1 10 and the lower bearing 120 is discharged to the lubricating oil gas outlet 156 by the third lubricating oil gas passage 106.
  • the flow rate of the oil-gas mixture entering the upper bearing 1 10 and the lower bearing 120 can be adjusted so that the upper bearing 110 and the lower bearing 120 are always in an optimum lubrication state.
  • the electric spindle of the present invention can also realize central cooling of the core 20 and gas sealing of the upper end of the shaft core 20, which specifically depends on the following structure:
  • the electric spindle of the present invention further includes a dispensing barrel 60, a connecting seat 30, a separating cylinder 50, and a distribution.
  • the shaft 40 and the intake passage 103 are also realized central cooling of the core 20 and gas sealing of the upper end of the shaft core 20, which specifically depends on the following structure:
  • the electric spindle of the present invention further includes a dispensing barrel 60, a connecting seat 30, a separating cylinder 50, and a distribution.
  • the shaft 40 and the intake passage 103 is a dispensing barrel 60, a connecting seat 30, a separating cylinder 50, and a distribution.
  • the dispensing barrel 60 is fixed inside the body 10 and located above the core 20, the lower end of the dispensing barrel 60 is movably sleeved on the upper end of the shaft core 20, and the shaft core 20 is rotatable relative to the dispensing barrel 60; the core 20 and the distribution A first matching gap is formed between the barrels 60, and an inner air wall of the distribution barrel 60 and the shaft core 20 is provided with an annular air groove 61, a first matching gap between the distribution barrel 60 and the shaft core 20 and the annular air groove 61.
  • the connecting seat 30 is located inside the body 10 and disposed above the dispensing bucket 60.
  • the connecting seat 30 is provided with an overflow port 31 communicating with an external collecting device.
  • the connecting seat 30 is also used for fixing the distribution shaft 40 and the isolating cylinder 50.
  • the isolation cylinder 50 is inserted into the interior of the distribution drum 60, and the upper end portion thereof is fixedly connected to the connection base 30.
  • the outer surface of the isolation cylinder 50 and the inside of the distribution barrel 60 are The surface of the distribution shaft 40 is fixedly fastened to the inside of the isolation cylinder 50, and the upper end portion thereof is fixed on the connection base 30.
  • the outer diameter of the distribution shaft 40 is smaller than the inner diameter of the separation cylinder 50, and is isolated from the outer surface of the distribution shaft 40.
  • An overflow passage 51 is formed between the inner surfaces of the cylinder 50, and the overflow passage 51 extends upward to the upper end portion of the separation cylinder 50 and the distribution shaft 40 and is electrically connected to the overflow port 31.
  • a lower end portion of the distribution shaft 40 passes through the partition cylinder 50, and a portion of the distribution drum 60 is passed through the upper end portion of the shaft core 20, thereby forming a second fitting gap between the shaft core 20 and the distribution shaft 40;
  • a cooling flow passage 41 is formed from the upper end surface thereof to the lower end surface thereof, and the upper end portion of the cooling flow passage 41 protrudes from the portion of the joint seat 30 to form a coolant inlet, and the lower end portion and the cooling passage on the shaft core 20
  • the upper end of 201 is connected.
  • the first matching gap and the second matching gap are both located at a lower portion of the overflow passage 51 and both communicate with a lower end portion of the overflow passage 51.
  • the inner end of the air inlet passage 103 is electrically connected to the annular air groove 61.
  • the fixed seat 15 is provided with an air inlet 153 communicating with the upper end portion of the air inlet passage 103, and the air inlet 153 is used for connecting external high pressure gas.
  • the external high-pressure gas source enters the annular gas groove 61 from the intake passage 103, and at the same time, the coolant enters from the coolant inlet at the upper end of the cooling flow passage 41, and the coolant flows into the cooling flow passage 41 to enter The cooling passage 201 on the shaft core 20, and extending the lower end outlet of the cooling passage 201 into the grinding rod connected to the lower end portion of the shaft core 20, thereby cooling the working end of the grinding rod and the workpiece, and the high pressure gas enters the annular gas groove 61.
  • the first matching gap formed between the shaft core 20 and the distribution barrel 60 is gas-tight, and the excess coolant enters the second matching gap through the abutment of the cooling flow passage 41 and the cooling passage 201, and the second fit is extended.
  • the gap is upward, reaching the upper end portion of the first fitting gap and the second fitting gap, and the high pressure gas coming out from the upper end portion of the first fitting gap
  • the excess coolant here is pushed up, and the excess coolant is moved up the overflow passage 51 to the overflow port 31, and then recovered through the collecting device.
  • a shoulder 42 is provided on the distribution shaft 40, and the shoulder 42 is fitted between the step of the lower end of the dispensing barrel 60 and the lower end of the spacer 50, thereby disposing the distribution shaft 40 and the dispensing barrel 60.
  • the space of the distribution drum 60 is located below the shoulder 42 and forms a receiving cavity 62.
  • the receiving cavity 62 is specifically composed of the upper end surface of the core 20, the bottom wall of the dispensing barrel 60, and the side wall and shoulder 42.
  • the lower surface is enclosed, that is, the upper end of the first fitting gap and the second fitting gap are flush, and both of them are connected to the lower side of the receiving cavity 62, and the shoulder 42 is provided with the receiving
  • the through hole 43 communicating with the overflow passage 51 of the chamber 62; under the action of the high pressure gas, the excess coolant enters the accommodating chamber 62, and inside the accommodating chamber 62, the high pressure gas then feeds the coolant through the through hole 43 to In the overflow channel 51.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

一种滚珠高速电主轴，包括，机体组件，该机体组件包括机体（10）、固定在机体内部的定子（13）、以及固定连接在机体上的上轴承座（11）和下轴承座（12）；轴芯组件，包括轴芯（20）、安装在轴芯外部与定子匹配的转子（21），轴芯的上端部通过一上轴承（110）与上轴承座枢接、下端部通过一下轴承（120）与下轴承座枢接；机体组件上开设有一上润滑油气进口（154）、下润滑油气进口（155）以及润滑油气出口（156）；上润滑油气进口、上轴承内圈和外圈之间的间隙、润滑油气出口依次连通；下润滑油气进口、下轴承的内圈和外圈之间的间隙、润滑油气出口依次连通。

Description

一种滚珠高速电主轴 技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于机械加工领域的滚珠高速电主轴。 背景技术
电主轴是机械加工常用的设备， 其通常是包括机体、 轴芯组件， 轴芯组件安装在机体内部， 电主轴工作时，机体上内部的定子产生环 绕于轴芯组件的转子外部的磁场，使轴芯组件高速转动，机体上固定 有上轴 7 座和下轴 7 座，轴芯组件的两端分别通过上轴^和下轴 区 接在上轴承座和下轴承座上。
目前，电主轴的高速转动主要依赖于轴芯两端上轴承座和下轴承 座配合的上轴承和下轴承，上轴承和下轴承的内圈和外圈之间填充润 滑脂， 以确保电主轴的轴芯高速转动， 这种润滑的方式， 对润滑脂的 性能要求较高， 且润滑脂在长时间使用后， 润滑效果不够理想， 影响 电主轴的转动速率； 为了提高电主轴的转动效率， 现有的改进均是通 过提高润滑脂的性能来实现， 因此， 其改进的效果较为有限。 同时， 目前电主轴的旋转接头部分与轴芯釆用接触式的配合方式，旋转接头 与高速转动的轴芯之间为滑动摩擦，从而在一定程度上限制了轴芯的 转动速率； 此外， 现有的轴芯与旋转接头釆用接触式密封的方式， 其 密封效果较差，仍然会有部分冷却液顺延间隙进入电主轴内部，同时， 这种接触式的密封通常依赖密封胶圈， 在轴芯高速旋转时，对密封胶 圈的磨损较为严重， 导致密封胶圈的使用寿命较短。 发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的旨在于提供一种滚珠高速电 主轴，其釆用油气润滑的方式对上轴承和下轴承进行持续的润滑提高 了轴芯的转动速率。
为实现上述目的， 本发明釆用如下技术方案：
一种滚珠高速电主轴， 包括，
机体组件， 该机体组件包括机体、 固定在机体内部的定子、 以及 固定连接在机体上的上轴承座和下轴承座；
轴芯组件， 包括轴芯、 安装在轴芯外部与定子匹配的转子， 轴芯 的上端部通过一上轴承与上轴承座枢接、下端部通过一下轴承与下轴 承座枢接；
机体组件上开设有一上润滑油气进口、下润滑油气进口以及润滑 油气出口； 上润滑油气进口、 上轴承内圈和外圈之间的间隙、 润滑油 气出口依次连通；下润滑油气进口、下轴承的内圈和外圈之间的间隙、 润滑油气出口依次连通。
机体组件还包括外表面与机体内表面密闭贴合且固定在机体内 部的导热套，钉子固定在导热套内部； 导热套的外表面上开设有沿着 机体的轴向相互错开的第一环形冷却槽和第二环形冷却槽；上轴承座 外表面与机体内表面配合处设置有一上环形冷却槽，下轴承座的外表 面与机体内表面配合处设置有一下环形冷却槽； 机体组件上设置有冷却液进口和冷却液出口，下环形冷却槽与冷 却液进口连通， 下环形冷却槽与第二环形冷却槽连通， 第二环形冷却 槽与第一环形冷却槽连通， 第一环形冷却槽与上环形冷却槽连通， 上 环形冷却槽与冷却液出口连通。
第一环形冷却槽和第二环形冷却槽的底壁上均设置有沿着定子 轴向排列的多个 IHJ槽。
导热套两端与机体内表面配合的位置均设置有密封圈。
该滚珠高速电主轴还包括，
固定在机体内部的分配桶，该分配桶的下端部活动的套接于轴芯 的上端部， 分配桶与轴芯配合处的内壁设置有一环形气槽；
位于机体内部连接座， 连接座的上端部设置有溢流口； 上端部固定在连接座上且穿接于分配桶内的隔离筒；
分配轴， 穿接于隔离筒内， 该分配轴上端部固定连接于连接座、 下端部穿过分配桶的部分穿接于轴芯的上端部；分配轴外表面与隔离 筒的内表面之间形成一个上端部与溢流口导通的溢流通道；分配桶与 轴芯配合处的间隙、分配轴与轴芯配合处的间隙均位于溢流通道的下 方并于溢流通道的下端部连通；分配轴内部设置有一由其上端面贯穿 至其下端面的冷却流道， 该冷却流道的上端部形成一个冷却液入口、 下端部与轴芯内部的冷却通道连通；
进气通道， 其外侧端用于连接外部高压气源， 内侧端导通至环形 气槽。
分配轴的外部设置有一轴肩，该轴肩被卡装在分配桶和隔离筒之 间， 分配桶位于轴肩下方的部分形成一个容纳腔； 分配桶与轴芯配合 处的间隙、分配轴与轴芯配合处的间隙均连通于容纳腔的下方， 轴肩 上设置有将容纳腔上方和溢流通道下端部连通的通孔。
机体内部还固定有一固定座，该固定座上设置有一与进气通道的 外侧端连通且用于对接外界高压气源输出口的进气口。
进气通道由外向内依次穿过机体、 固定座、 分配桶。
本发明的有益效果在于：
相比于现有技术，本发明的滚珠高速电主轴中设置向上轴承和下 轴承输送油气润滑介质的通道 ,持续的向上轴承和下轴承内输送油气 润滑介质， 釆用油气润滑的方式实现上轴承和下轴承的润滑， 提高了 润滑效果； 同时， 轴芯的上端部釆用气体密封的方式， 并通过高压气 体将轴芯内部多余的冷却液送出主轴，防止冷却液影响电主轴的其他 部件。 此外， 还可以通过油气混合体对轴承进行润滑的同时， 防止灰 尘、 杂物在轴承内部残留。 此外， 本实用新型能够有效的降低上轴承 座、 下轴承座、 定子、 轴芯的工作温度， 保证电主轴的各个重要部件 均能够在低温环形中工作，提高了电主轴的运行精度、增长了电主轴 的使用寿命。 附图说明
图 1为本发明电主轴的端面视图；
图 2为图 1的 A-A剖视图；
图 3为图 1的 B-B剖视图； 图 4为图 1的 C-C剖视图；
图 5为图 1的 D-D剖视图；
其中： 10、机体； 101、 第一冷却液通道； 102、 第二冷却液通道； 103、 进气通道； 104、 第一润滑油气通道； 105、 第二润滑油气通道； 106、 第三润滑油气通道； 11、 上轴 7 座； 110、 上轴^ 111、 上环 形冷却槽； 12、 下轴 7 座； 120、 下轴 7 ； 121、 下环形冷却槽； 1 3、 定子； 14、 导热套； 141、 第一环形冷却槽； 142、 第二环形冷却槽； 15、 固定座； 151、 冷却液进口； 152、 冷却液出口； 153、 进气口； 154、 上润滑油气进口； 155、 下润滑油气进口； 156、 润滑油气出口； 20、 轴芯； 201、 冷却通道； 21、 转子； 30、 连接座； 31、 溢流口； 40、 分配轴； 41、 冷却流道； 42、 轴肩； 43、 通孔； 50、 隔离筒； 51、 溢流通道； 60、 分配桶； 61、 环形气槽； 62、 容纳腔。 具体实施方式
下面， 结合附图以及具体实施方式， 对本发明做进一步描述： 参见图 1、 1、 3、 4、 5 , 本发明的滚珠高速电主轴包括， 机体组 件和轴芯组件， 其中， 机体组件包括机体 10、 上轴承座 11、 下轴承 座 12、 定子 1 3、 导热套 14 , 其中， 机体 10和导热套 14均呈筒状， 导热套 14固定在机体 10的内部， 其外表面与机体 10的内表面密闭 的贴合， 定子 1 3固定在导热套 14内部， 上轴承座 11和下轴承座 12 均与机体 10固定连接。
导热套 14 的外表面设置有环绕于其外部的第一环形冷却槽 141 和第二环形冷却槽 142 ,该第一环形冷却槽 141和第二环形冷却槽 142 在导热套 14的轴向上相互错开； 上轴承座 11的外表面与机体 10内 表面配合处的位置设置有一上环形冷却槽 111 ; 下轴承座 12 的外表 面与机体 10内表面配合处的位置设置有一下环形冷却槽 121。
机体组件还包括有一固定座 15 ,该固定座 15固定连接在机体 10 的顶端部； 固定座 15上开设有一与制冷设备的输出端连接的冷却液 进口 151 和一与制冷设备的输入端连接的冷却液出口 152 , 机体 10 内部设置有将冷却液进口 151和下环形冷却槽 121连通的第一冷却液 通道 101、 以及将上环形冷却槽 111与冷却液出口 152连通的第二冷 却液通道 102 , 同时， 下环形冷却槽 121通过机体 10内部设置的通 道与第二环形冷却槽 142连通， 第二环形冷却槽 142通过机体 10内 部设置的通道与第一环形冷却槽 141连通，第一环形冷却槽 141则通 过机体 10内部设置的通道与上环形冷却槽 111连通。
轴芯组件包括轴芯 20、 安装在轴芯 20外部并位于定子 13 内部 的转子 21 , 轴芯 20的上端部通过一上轴承 110与上轴承座 11枢接， 轴芯 20的下端部则通过一下轴承 120与下轴承座 12枢接。
上述结构在使用时，外部的制冷设备将温度较低的冷却液液从冷 却液进口 151输入，冷却液顺延第一冷却液通道 101进入到下环形冷 却槽 121 , 冷却液在下环形冷却槽 121 内部与下轴 7 座 12换热后， 依次进入到第二环形冷却槽 142和第一环形冷却槽 141中，冷却液在 第二环形冷却槽 142和第一环形冷却槽 141中与导热套 14进行换热， 带走定子 13工作时产生的热量， 之后， 再进入到上环形冷却槽 111 中， 在上环形冷却槽 111中， 冷却液与上轴承座 1 1进行换热之后顺 延第二冷却液通道 102从冷却液出口 152被输送回制冷设备， 如此， 冷却液进口 151、 第一冷却液通道 101、 下环形冷却槽 121、 第二环 形冷却槽 142、 第一环形冷却槽 141、 上环形冷却槽 111、 第二冷却 液通道 102、 冷却液出口 152、 制冷设备形成一个供冷却液流动的回 路， 冷却液分别带走下轴承座 12、 定子 1 3、 上轴承座 11工作时产生 的热量， 从而保证下轴承座 12、 定子 1 3、 上轴承座 11始终在低温环 形下工作。
为了提高散热效率，可以在上述第一环形冷却槽 141和第二环形 冷却槽 142的底壁上设置多个 IHJ槽， 多个 IHJ槽沿着定子 1 3的轴向排 列，从而增大冷却液与第一环形冷却槽 141和第二环形冷却槽 142的 接触面积。 为了保证导热套 14与机体 10接触部位的密封性，还可以 在导热套 14两端与机体 10内表面配合的位置均设置密封圈。
在上述固定座 15上还开设有上润滑油气进口 154、 下润滑油气 进口 155、 以及润滑油气出口 156 , 机体 10内部设置有上端部与上润 滑油气进口 154连通的第一润滑油气通道 104、 上端部与下润滑油气 进口 155连通的第二润滑油气通道 105、 上端部与润滑油气出口 156 连通的第三润滑油气通道 106 ; 其中， 第一润滑油气通道 104下端部 导通至上轴承 110内圈和外圈之间的间隙， 并且， 上轴承 110内圈和 外圈之间的间隙通过上轴承座 11 内部的通道连通至第三润滑油气通 道 106 ; 第二润滑油气通道 105的下端部导通至下轴 120内圈和外 圈之间的间隙， 并且， 下轴承 120内圈和外圈之间的间隙通过下轴承 座 12 内部的通道连通至第三润滑油气通道 106。 在电主轴工作时， 油气混合体分别从上润滑油气进口 154和下润滑油气进口 155进入第 一润滑油气通道 104和第二润滑油气通道 105 , 对上轴 7 110和下轴 承 120进行润滑， 保证上轴承 110和下轴承 120始终处于润滑状态， 同时油气混合体中的压缩空气可以对上轴承 110和下轴承 120起到冷 却的作用， 并能够防止灰尘、 杂物残留在上轴承 110和下轴承 120内 部， 上轴承 1 10和下轴承 120中的油气混合体在完成上述的功能后， 顺延第三润滑油气通道 106流至润滑油气出口 156被回收。可以对进 入到上轴承 1 10和下轴承 120中的油气混合体的流量进行调整，使上 轴承 110和下轴承 120始终处于最佳的润滑状态。
本发明的电主轴还可以实现轴芯 20的中心冷却以及轴芯 20上端 部的气体密封， 其具体依赖如下结构： 本发明的电主轴还包括分配桶 60、 连接座 30、 隔离筒 50、 分配轴 40以及进气通道 103。
分配桶 60固定在机体 10内部并位于轴芯 20上方， 该分配桶 60 的下端部活动的套接在轴芯 20的上端部，轴芯 20能够相对于分配桶 60转动； 轴芯 20与分配桶 60之间形成一第一配合间隙， 且分配桶 60与轴芯 20配合处的内壁设置有一环形气槽 61 , 分配桶 60与轴芯 20之间的第一配合间隙与该环形气槽 61连通。 连接座 30位于机体 10内部且设置在分配桶 60的上方， 连接座 30上设置有一与外部的 收集设备连通的溢流口 31 , 此外， 连接座 30还用于固定分配轴 40 和隔离筒 50 , 具体的是， 隔离筒 50穿接在分配桶 60内部， 其上端 部固定连接在连接座 30上， 该隔离筒 50的外表面与分配桶 60的内 表面密闭的贴合； 分配轴 40穿接固定在隔离筒 50内部， 其上端部固 定在连接座 30上， 分配轴 40的外径小于隔离筒 50的内径， 在分配 轴 40的外表面与隔离筒 50的内表面之间形成一个溢流通道 51 , 该 溢流通道 51向上一直延伸至隔离筒 50及分配轴 40的上端部并与溢 流口 31导通。 分配轴 40的下端部穿过隔离筒 50、 分配桶 60的部分 穿接在轴芯 20上端部， 由此， 在轴芯 20和分配轴 40之间形成一个 第二配合间隙； 分配轴 40上设置有一由其上端面贯穿至其下端面的 冷却流道 41 , 该冷却流道 41的上端部凸出于连接座 30的部分形成 一个冷却液入口、下端部则与轴芯 20上的冷却通道 201上端部连通。 上述的第一配合间隙、 第二配合间隙均位于溢流通道 51的下部且均 与溢流通道 51的下端部连通。
上述的进气通道 103 内侧端导通至上述的环形气槽 61 , 固定座 15上设置有一与进气通道 103上端部连通的进气口 153 , 该进气口 153用于连接外部的高压气源； 在电主轴工作时， 外部高压气源从进 气通道 103进入到环形气槽 61 , 同时， 冷却液从冷却流道 41上端部 的冷却液入口进入，冷却液顺延冷却流道 41进入到轴芯 20上的冷却 通道 201 , 并顺延冷却通道 201下端部出口进入到连接于轴芯 20下 端部的磨杆，从而对磨杆的工作端和工件进行冷却， 高压气体进入到 环形气槽 61后， 对轴芯 20与分配桶 60之间形成的第一配合间隙实 施气体密封， 多余的冷却液经由冷却流道 41和冷却通道 201的对接 处进入到第二配合间隙， 并顺延第二配合间隙向上， 到达第一配合间 隙和第二配合间隙的上端部，从第一配合间隙上端部出来的高压气体 将此处的多余冷却液向上推动， 使多余的冷却液顺延溢流通道 51向 上运动至溢流口 31处， 再经由收集设备回收。
为了便于安装， 在上述分配轴 40上设置有一轴肩 42 , 轴肩 42 被卡装在分配桶 60下端部的台阶位和隔离筒 50的下端面之间，从而 将分配轴 40与分配桶 60和隔离筒 50固定， 分配桶 60位于轴肩 42 的下方的空间形成一个容纳腔 62 , 该容纳腔 62具体是由轴芯 20的 上端面、 分配桶 60的底壁以及侧壁、 轴肩 42的下表面围成， 也就是 说， 上述的第一配合间隙和第二配合间隙的上端部平齐， 并且其二者 均是连通于容纳腔 62的下方， 轴肩 42上设置有将该容纳腔 62与溢 流通道 51连通的通孔 43; 在高压气体的作用下， 多余的冷却液进入 到容纳腔 62 中， 在容纳腔 62 内部， 高压气体再将冷却液顺延通孔 43送入到溢流通道 51中。
对本领域的技术人员来说， 可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构 思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变， 而所有的这些改变以及形变 都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 包括，
机体组件， 该机体组件包括机体、 固定在机体内部的定子、 以及 固定连接在机体上的上轴承座和下轴承座；
轴芯组件， 包括轴芯、 安装在轴芯外部与定子匹配的转子， 轴芯 的上端部通过一上轴承与上轴承座枢接、下端部通过一下轴承与下轴 承座枢接；
机体组件上开设有一上润滑油气进口、下润滑油气进口以及润滑 油气出口； 上润滑油气进口、 上轴承内圈和外圈之间的间隙、 润滑油 气出口依次连通；下润滑油气进口、下轴承的内圈和外圈之间的间隙、 润滑油气出口依次连通。
2.如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 机体组件 还包括外表面与机体内表面密闭贴合且固定在机体内部的导热套，钉 子固定在导热套内部；导热套的外表面上开设有沿着机体的轴向相互 错开的第一环形冷却槽和第二环形冷却槽；上轴承座外表面与机体内 表面配合处设置有一上环形冷却槽，下轴承座的外表面与机体内表面 配合处设置有一下环形冷却槽；
机体组件上设置有冷却液进口和冷却液出口，下环形冷却槽与冷 却液进口连通， 下环形冷却槽与第二环形冷却槽连通， 第二环形冷却 槽与第一环形冷却槽连通， 第一环形冷却槽与上环形冷却槽连通， 上 环形冷却槽与冷却液出口连通。
3.如权利要求 2所述的滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 第一环形 冷却槽和第二环形冷却槽的底壁上均设置有沿着定子轴向排列的多 权 利 要 求 书 个 iHJ槽。
4.如权利要求 2所述的滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 导热套两 端与机体内表面配合的位置均设置有密封圈。
5.如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 该滚珠高 速电主轴还包括，
固定在机体内部的分配桶，该分配桶的下端部活动的套接于轴芯 的上端部， 分配桶与轴芯配合处的内壁设置有一环形气槽；
位于机体内部连接座， 连接座的上端部设置有溢流口； 上端部固定在连接座上且穿接于分配桶内的隔离筒；
分配轴， 穿接于隔离筒内， 该分配轴上端部固定连接于连接座、 下端部穿过分配桶的部分穿接于轴芯的上端部；分配轴外表面与隔离 筒的内表面之间形成一个上端部与溢流口导通的溢流通道；分配桶与 轴芯配合处的间隙、分配轴与轴芯配合处的间隙均位于溢流通道的下 方并于溢流通道的下端部连通；分配轴内部设置有一由其上端面贯穿 至其下端面的冷却流道， 该冷却流道的上端部形成一个冷却液入口、 下端部与轴芯内部的冷却通道连通；
进气通道， 其外侧端用于连接外部高压气源， 内侧端导通至环形 气槽。
6.如权利要求 5所述的滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 分配轴的 外部设置有一轴肩， 该轴肩被卡装在分配桶和隔离筒之间， 分配桶位 于轴肩下方的部分形成一个容纳腔； 分配桶与轴芯配合处的间隙、分 配轴与轴芯配合处的间隙均连通于容纳腔的下方，轴肩上设置有将容 权 利 要 求 书
纳腔上方和溢流通道下端部连通的通孔。
7.如权利要求 5所述的滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 机体内部 还固定有一固定座，该固定座上设置有一与进气通道的外侧端连通且 用于对接外界高压气源输出口的进气口。
8.如权利要求 5所述的滚珠高速电主轴， 其特征在于， 进气通道 由外向内依次穿过机体、 固定座、 分配桶。
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CN105458306B (zh) * 2015-12-31 2018-03-16 西安交通大学 使用超精密角接触球和圆柱滚子轴承的高速电主轴装置
CN107378004B (zh) * 2017-07-12 2023-04-25 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 一种接触式中心出水永磁同步电主轴
CN108788194B (zh) * 2018-04-19 2021-01-26 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 一种冷却装置及电主轴
CN108406342A (zh) * 2018-05-04 2018-08-17 深圳市速锋科技股份有限公司 一种电主轴的冷却结构及润滑结构
CN111112652B (zh) * 2019-12-11 2020-12-11 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种内外冷却系统、冷却方法、电主轴及加工中心
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