WO2015096697A1 - 非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法与在医学上的应用 - Google Patents

非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法与在医学上的应用 Download PDF

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WO2015096697A1
WO2015096697A1 PCT/CN2014/094659 CN2014094659W WO2015096697A1 WO 2015096697 A1 WO2015096697 A1 WO 2015096697A1 CN 2014094659 W CN2014094659 W CN 2014094659W WO 2015096697 A1 WO2015096697 A1 WO 2015096697A1
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methyl
compound
alkyl
group
substituted
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PCT/CN2014/094659
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English (en)
French (fr)
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魏用刚
邱关鹏
罗新峰
祝国智
余彦
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四川海思科制药有限公司
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Priority to CN201480061359.8A priority Critical patent/CN105705508B/zh
Publication of WO2015096697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015096697A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6561Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
    • C07F9/65616Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings containing the ring system having three or more than three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members, e.g. purine or analogs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/20Antivirals for DNA viruses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an acyclic nucleoside phosphate compound represented by the formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a process for producing the same, a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and a preparation for treating a virus Use in medicines in infectious diseases.
  • Hepatitis B is one of the world's diseases, it is caused by hepatitis B virus. A third of the world's population is infected with hepatitis B virus to some extent, including 350 million chronic carriers. In some Asian and African countries, hepatitis B has become a pandemic, especially in China. Hepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic infections. Acute infections are usually accompanied by inflammation of the liver, vomiting, and jaundice. Very few can cause death, and chronic infections may induce cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although hepatitis B virus infection can be prevented by vaccines at present, there is no effective method for treating chronic hepatitis B disease.
  • Hepatitis B virus is a hemorrhagic DNA (DNA) virus with a circular partially double-stranded DNA genome.
  • the shorter one chain has 1700 to 2800 nucleotides, the longer one chain has 3020 to 3320 nucleotides, and this long chain encodes the viral DNA polymerase.
  • the genome of the hepatitis B virus encodes four known genes - C, X, P and S.
  • Gene C encodes a nuclear protein (HBcAg)
  • gene S encodes a surface antigen (HBsAg)
  • gene P encodes a DNA polymerase.
  • the function of the protein encoded by gene X is unclear, but it is thought to be related to the occurrence of liver cancer because it activates A gene that induces cell proliferation and inactivates growth regulators.
  • hepatitis B virus The life cycle of hepatitis B virus is complex, enters cells through unknown receptors and endocytosis, and its genome is transferred to the nucleus by the host protein cha petroleum ether rones. In the nucleus, hepatitis B virus converts part of the double-stranded DNA into intact double-stranded DNA by the DNA polymerase of the host cell, and changes the morphology to a circular DNA (cccDNA) that is bound by a covalent bond. cccDNA was used as a template to transcribe four viral mRNAs. These four transcripts are used as templates to be transported into the cytoplasm and translated into viral membrane proteins, nuclear proteins and DNA polymerases.
  • the longest mRNA (3.5 kb, longer than the viral genome) replicates as a template a new genomic copy, a transcriptional nucleocapsid protein and a viral DNA polymerase. At the same time, this 3.5 kb long RNA will be reverse transcribed from the antisense strand of hepatitis B virus DNA, followed by completion of the viral sense strand. Double-stranded DNA will be exported as a new sub-virus or returned to the nucleus to form a new cccDNA.
  • hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase The synthesis of hepatitis B virus RNA and DNA depends on the hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase, and hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase is essential for viral replication.
  • the polymerase has four domains: a terminal protein important for the initiation of hepatitis B virus replication and assembly of the nucleocapsid, spacer protein, reverse transcriptase, and a template for degrading the pre-genomic RNA. RNaseH domain. Despite this, the lack of proofreading results in a high mutation rate of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase.
  • DNA polymerase inhibitors as anti-HBV drugs has become an attractive option.
  • a particular viral polymerase inhibitor belongs to the family of nucleoside analogs.
  • Treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B has been improved by oral administration of anti-HBV nucleoside analog drugs.
  • nucleoside analogs can rapidly reduce HBV DNA to unpredictable levels, and the mechanism of action is clear: nucleoside analogs competitively inhibit the activity of viral DNA polymerase.
  • nucleoside analogs showed good tolerance and fewer adverse reactions than interferon IFN- ⁇ .
  • hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase inhibitors have been marketed in the United States and Europe for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, including: lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, famciclovir and Clevudine,
  • lamivudine adefovir dipivoxil
  • entecavir adefovir dipivoxil
  • telbivudine tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • long-term antiviral therapy may cause viral resistance and selectivity due to virus residues in the liver and mutations caused by viral polymerases, including mutations in the viral polymerase amino acid. This puts requirements on the development of new antiviral drugs.
  • the antiviral mechanism of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates is substantially identical to cyclic nucleoside analogs. The difference is that the cyclic nucleoside analog must undergo a three-step phosphorylation reaction, while the non-cyclic nucleoside phosphide itself contains a phosphoryl group, eliminating the first rate-limiting phosphorylation reaction, and thus the activity is high, and its PC
  • the structure is good for enzyme stability.
  • the phosphate moiety of the acyclic nucleoside phosphinate has two negative charges, which are difficult to pass through the cell membrane of the lipid, reducing bioavailability. To solve this problem, a large number of phosphate derivatives have been synthesized and studied, including linking different lipophilic groups such as substituted acetyl groups, amino acids and aromatic rings in the phosphate moiety.
  • European Patent EP206459 describes a 9-(phosphomethoxyalkyl) adenine derivative comprising a tenofovir structure and its use for antiviral drugs, the structural formula of which is as follows:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and hydroxymethyl
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted ethylene, methylene, propylene, and the like. The specific description in this patent is not considered to be part of the present invention.
  • EP 481 214 describes a novel oral phosphate nucleoside analog prodrug comprising adefovir dipivoxil, and its antiviral medical use, particularly anti-RNA, DNA virus, can also be used for the treatment of tumors, etc., and its structure is as follows:
  • B is selected from the group consisting of purine, cytosine, uracil, thymine, and avidin
  • R 3 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, and R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted.
  • R 4 is selected from CH 2 C (O) N ( R 5) 2, CH 2 C (O) OR 5, CH2OC (O) R 5, CH (R 5) OC (O) R 5, CH 2 C(R 5 ) 2 C Water H or CH 2 OR 5 , R 5 is selected from C 4 -C 20 alkyl, aryl or aryl-alkane unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, oxo, nitro, halogen Further, R 1 and R 2 may form a ring. The specific description in this patent is not considered to be part of the present invention.
  • WO02057288 describes acyclic nucleoside phosphate compounds and their use in antiviral drugs, the structural formula of which is as follows:
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of purine or pyrimidine
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, etc.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, hydrogen, Amino group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylamino group and the like.
  • the specific description in this patent is not considered to be part of the present invention.
  • CN1583769A describes 9-((phosphate)methoxyalkyl)adenine derivatives and their use in antiviral drugs, the structural formula of which is as follows:
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen or substituted biphenylmethyl. The specific description in this patent is not considered to be part of the present invention.
  • CN101066981A describes acyclic nucleoside phosphate compounds and their use for antiviral drugs, the structural formula of which is as follows;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyclopropylamino, methoxy, ethoxy, etc.
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or amino
  • R 5 is selected from methyl or hydrogen
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected. From (substituted aminocarbonyloxy)alkyl. The specific description in this patent is not considered to be part of the present invention.
  • CN1634943A describes acyclic nucleoside phosphate compounds and their use in antiviral drugs, the structural formula of which is as follows:
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or camphoryl
  • R 1 is selected from cycloalkyl having 3-8 carbons, unsaturated chain hydrocarbons of 3-8 carbons, and 3-8 carbons. Saturated cycloalkyl or 6-10 carbon aromatics. The specific description in this patent is not considered to be part of the present invention.
  • WO2011069322 describes acyclic nucleoside phosphate derivatives and their use for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with viral infections, the structural formula of which is as follows:
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen or methyl
  • R 2 is selected from -R 3 or -OR 3
  • R 3 is selected from C 1-8 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
  • the present invention is to design a compound represented by the general formula (I) on the basis of tenofovir disoproxil to provide a novel acyclic nucleoside phosphate derivative, a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable structure.
  • the salt can be used to treat viral infectious diseases, including infectious diseases caused by hepatitis B virus and HIV virus.
  • the present invention provides an acyclic nucleoside phosphate derivative which is a compound represented by the formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
  • R 1 is selected from H or methyl
  • R 2 is selected from H, C 1 -10 alkyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -C 1 -10 alkyl, said alkane
  • the base is optionally further substituted with 0 to 5 R 2a ;
  • R 3 is selected from C 1 -10 alkyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -C 1 -10 alkyl, wherein the alkyl group Optionally further substituted by 0 to 5 R 3a ;
  • R 2a and R 3a are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carboxy, C 1-4 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
  • R 1 is selected from H or methyl
  • R 2 is selected from H, C 1 -10 alkyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -C 1 -10 alkyl, said alkane
  • the base is optionally further substituted with 0 to 5 R 2a ;
  • R 3 is selected from C 1 -10 alkyl, wherein said alkyl group is optionally further substituted with 0 to 5 R 3a ;
  • R 2a and R 3a are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carboxy, C 1-4 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • R 2 is selected from H, C 1 - 6 alkyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -C 1 - 6 alkyl , preferably H, C 1 -4 alkyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -C 1 -4 alkyl, said alkyl group,
  • the cycloalkyl or heterocyclic group is optionally further substituted with 0 to 5 R 2a .
  • R 2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, pentane Alk-3-yl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -methyl, preferably substituted or unsubstituted H, methyl, ethyl, Propyl, isopropyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -methyl, further preferably H, methyl or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -methyl, when substituted, is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 2a .
  • R 3 is selected from C 1 - 6 alkyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -C 1 -6 alkyl, preferably C 1 -4 alkyl, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -C 1 -4 alkyl, said alkyl optionally further being 0 Up to 5 R 3a substitutions.
  • R 3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, pentane- 3-yl, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 2 -H, preferably substituted or unsubstituted propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl; further Preferably, the isopropyl group, when substituted, is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 3a .
  • the present invention provides a compound of the formula (I), wherein:
  • R 1 is selected from H or methyl
  • R 2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, pentan-3-yl , -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -methyl, preferably substituted or unsubstituted H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl a group, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -methyl, further preferably H, methyl or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n - a methyl group, when substituted, is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 2a ;
  • R 3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, pentan-3-yl, - CH 2 -CH 2 -OH or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 2 -H, preferably substituted or unsubstituted propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, further preferably isopropyl, When substituted, optionally substituted with 1 to 5 R 3a ;
  • R 2a and R 3a are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, hydroxy, amino, methyl or ethyl;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • R 2a and R 3a are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carboxy or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H, F, Cl, Hydroxyl, amino, methyl or ethyl.
  • n is selected from 1, 2 or 3.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the formula (I), wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of a compound of the formula (II), a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
  • R 1 is selected from H or methyl, preferably methyl
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 3 , -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 2 -H, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 2 -CH 3 , -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 3 -H, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 3 -CH 3 , -( CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 4 -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 4 -CH 3 , preferably H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, -CH 2 -CH 2 - OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 3 , -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 2 -H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 3 , -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 2- H or -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) 2 -CH 3 .
  • the compounds of the invention are selected from, but not limited to:
  • the present invention also provides a compound of the formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the salt is a hydrochloride, a hydrobromide, a sulfate, a nitrate, a phosphate , acetate, maleate, succinate, mandelate, fumarate, malonate, malate, 2-hydroxypropionate, oxalate, glycolate, water Salicylate, glucuronide, galacturonate, citrate, tartrate, lysine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, benzoate, cinnamon An acid salt, a p-toluenesulfonate, a besylate, a methanesulfonate, an ethanesulfonate, a triflate, a potassium salt, a sodium salt or a combination thereof, preferably a hydrochloride, a sulfate, or a phosphoric acid Salt,
  • the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the formula (I) according to the invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable An acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is preferably used for the treatment of viral infectious diseases.
  • the viral infectious disease may specifically be an infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or HIV.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the preparation of a medicament for treating a viral infectious disease.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating a viral infectious disease, the method comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I) of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the present invention Said pharmaceutical composition.
  • the viral infectious disease comprises an infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or HIV.
  • the viral infectious disease comprises an infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus, such as chronic hepatitis B disease.
  • the compound of the present invention has higher human plasma stability than the marketed drug tenofovir disoproxil; the salt of the compound of the present invention has the same as the marketed drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Quite a rat pharmacokinetic effect.
  • the compound of the invention is less susceptible to hydrolysis by esterase in plasma, has the potential of better curative effect, lower toxic side effects, and has good development prospects.
  • the present invention relates to the substitution of a plurality of substituents, which may be the same or different.
  • the present invention relates to the inclusion of a plurality of heteroatoms, each of which may be the same or different.
  • the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or halogen involved in the groups and compounds of the present invention include their isotopic conditions, and the elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen involved in the groups and compounds of the present invention.
  • Sulfur or nitrogen is optionally further replaced by 1 to 5 of their corresponding isotopes, including 12 C, 13 C and 14 C.
  • the isotopes of hydrogen include helium (H) and helium (D, also known as heavy hydrogen).
  • oxygen isotopes include 16 O, 17 O and 18 O
  • sulfur isotopes include 32 S, 33 S, 34 S and 36 S
  • nitrogen isotopes including 14 N and 15 N
  • the fluorine isotope 19 F, the chlorine isotope includes 35 Cl and 37 Cl, and the bromine isotopes include 79 Br and 81 Br.
  • alkyl refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, including straight chain and branched chain groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Preference is given to alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, non-limiting examples including methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, positive a mercapto group, and various branched isomers thereof; more preferred are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and Butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl.
  • the alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted, and when substituted, the substituent is preferably from 1 to 5.
  • substituents include H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, positive Butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane , cyclobutane, cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, methoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, vinyl, formamide, acetylamino, propionamide Base, isopropylamide, butanamide, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl.
  • Alkoxy means an -O-alkyl group wherein alkyl is as defined above.
  • the alkoxy group may be substituted or unsubstituted, and non-limiting examples thereof include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy or
  • the hexyloxy group preferably has a 1 to 12 member alkoxy group. When substituted, the substituent is preferably from 1 to 5.
  • substituents include H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, positive Butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane , cyclobutane, cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, methoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, vinyl, formamide, acetylamino, propionamide Base, isopropylamide, butanamide, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl.
  • Alkenyl is an alkyl group as defined in the invention comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond, said alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, further preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms .
  • alkenyl groups include substituted or unsubstituted vinyl, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2-hexyl Alkenyl, 3-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 3-octenyl, 3-decenyl or 4-nonenyl, etc., when substituted
  • Alkynyl is an alkyl group as defined in the invention comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, said alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, further preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms .
  • Cycloalkyl means a substituted or unsubstituted 3 to 8 membered all-carbon monocyclic group which may be attached to a bridged or spiro ring, wherein 1 to 5 may contain 1 to 5 double bonds, but none have a ring A fully conjugated ⁇ -electron system.
  • Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, bicyclo[5.2.0]decyl, tricyclic [5.3.1.1] Dodecyl, adamantyl, spiro[3.3]heptanyl, spiro[2.4]heptanyl, spiro[2.5]octyl or spiro[2.3]hexane and the like. When substituted, the substituent is preferably from 1 to 5.
  • substituents include H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, positive Butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane , cyclobutane, cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, methoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, vinyl, formamide, acetylamino, propionamide Base, isopropylamide, butanamide, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl.
  • Carbocycle means a substituted or unsubstituted saturated or unsaturated aromatic or non-aromatic ring.
  • the aromatic or non-aromatic may be a 3 to 8 membered monocyclic ring, a 4 to 12 membered bicyclic ring or a 10 to 15 membered three.
  • Ring system carbocyclic ring may be attached with a bridged ring or a spiro ring
  • non-limiting examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentene, cyclohexene Diene, cycloheptatriene, phenyl, naphthyl, benzocyclopentyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, bicyclo[5.2.0]decyl, tricyclo[5.3.1.1] Dialkyl, adamantyl or spiro[3.3]heptyl and the like.
  • substituents When substituted, the substituent is preferably from 1 to 5.
  • substituents include H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, positive Butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane , cyclobutane, cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, methoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, vinyl, formamide, acetylamino, propionamide Base, isopropylamide, butanamide, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl.
  • Heterocyclyl means a substituted or unsubstituted saturated or unsaturated aromatic ring, non-aromatic ring, aromatic ring, non-aromatic ring which may be a 3 to 8 membered monocyclic ring, 4 to 12 membered bicyclic ring or 10 to 15
  • a tricyclic system consists of at least one hetero atom selected from N, O or S, preferably a 3 to 10 membered heterocyclic ring, and the optionally substituted N, S in the heterocyclic ring can be oxidized to various oxidation states.
  • the heterocyclic ring may be attached to a hetero atom or a carbon atom, and the heterocyclic ring may be bonded to a bridged ring or a spiro ring.
  • heterocyclic groups include oxiranyl, azacyclopropenyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, azepanyl, thiolanyl, Oxearyl, thiacyclohexane, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dioxolanyl, 1,2-diazacyclopentane, 1,2- Oxyazolidine, 1,2-oxathiolanyl, 1,3-oxaazolidine, 1,3-oxathiolanyl, 1,2-diaza Heterocyclohexane, 1,2-oxazepine, 1,2-oxathiane, 1,3-oxazacyclo, 1,3-thiazolidine Hexyl group, 1,3-d
  • substituents When substituted, the substituent is preferably from 1 to 5.
  • substituents include H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, positive Butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane , cyclobutane, cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, methoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, vinyl, formamide, acetylamino, propionamide Base, isopropylamide, butanamide, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl.
  • Aryl means a substituted or unsubstituted 6 to 15 membered all carbon monocyclic or fused polycyclic group having a polycyclic group of a conjugated ⁇ -electron system, preferably a 6 to 10 membered aromatic ring, Non-limiting examples include phenyl and naphthyl; the aryl group may be fused to a heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl group, and the moiety attached to the parent structure is an aryl group, non-limiting examples of which include benzo Furan, benzocyclopentanyl, benzothiazole and the like. When substituted, the substituent is preferably from 1 to 5.
  • substituents include H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, positive Butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane , cyclobutane, cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, methoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, vinyl, formamide, acetylamino, propionamide Base, isopropylamide, butanamide, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl.
  • Heteroaryl means a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 15 membered aromatic ring and contains 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O or S heteroatoms, preferably 5 to 10 membered aromatic rings, and unheteroaryl Examples include pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, N-alkylpyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, benzofuran, benzimidazole, benzopyridine or pyrrolopyridine, and the like. . When substituted, the substituent is preferably from 1 to 5.
  • substituents include H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, thiol, amino, cyano, carbonyl, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, positive Butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane , cyclobutane, cyclohexane, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, methoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, vinyl, formamide, acetylamino, propionamide Base, isopropylamide, butanamide, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl.
  • Amino means -NH 2, may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the substituent group is preferably 1-2, independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, Thio group, hydroxyl group, amino group, alkylamino group, alkyl acylamino group, heterocycloalkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, cycloalkoxy group, heterocycloalkoxy group, hydroxyalkyl group, carboxylic acid group Or a carboxylate group, a non-limiting example of a substituent, including hydroxy, amino, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, Ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropane, cycl
  • Stepoisomer refers to isomers resulting from the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule, including cis and trans isomers, enantiomers and conformational isomers.
  • “Pharmaceutical composition” means a mixture of one or more of the compounds described herein or a physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof with other chemical components, such as physiological/pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipient.
  • the purpose of the pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate the administration of the compound to the organism.
  • Prodrug means a compound of the invention which can be converted to biological activity under physiological conditions or by solvolysis.
  • Prodrugs of the invention are prepared by modifying functional groups in the compound which can be removed by conventional procedures or in vivo to provide the parent compound.
  • a prodrug includes a compound formed by attaching a hydroxyl group, an amino group or a thiol group to any group in the compound of the present invention.
  • prodrug of the compound of the present invention is administered to a mammalian individual, the prodrug is cleaved to form a free hydroxyl group, respectively. , free amino or free sulfhydryl.
  • Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, compounds formed by the hydroxyl or amino functional groups of the compounds of the invention with formic acid, acetic acid or benzoic acid.
  • aryl substituted with an alkyl group means that an alkyl group may, but need not, be present, and the description includes the case where the aryl group is substituted with an alkyl group and the case where the aryl group is not substituted with an alkyl group.
  • Substituted or unsubstituted refers to a situation in which a group may be substituted or unsubstituted, and if it is not indicated in the present invention that a group may be substituted, it means that the group is unsubstituted.
  • “As a choice” means that the scheme after “as a choice” is a side-by-side relationship with the scheme before “as a choice” rather than a further selection in the previous scheme.
  • substitution refers to the case where one or more hydrogen atoms in a group are substituted by another group, and if the group is substituted by a hydrogen atom, the group formed is the same as the group substituted by a hydrogen atom.
  • the group is substituted, for example, amino, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 3-6 carbocyclic, 3 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally further from 0 to 4 selected from H
  • substituent of F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, cyano, amino, C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-4 alkoxy the groups formed include, but are not limited to, methyl, chloromethyl, Trichloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, -CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 SH, -CH 2 CH 2 CN, -CH 2 NH 2 , -NHOH, -NHCH 3 , -OCH 2 Cl, -OCH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , -
  • X is selected from F, Cl, Br or I, preferably Cl;
  • R 2 and R 3 are consistent with the definitions of the compounds of formula I;
  • R 4 is selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably methyl
  • R 5 is each independently selected from H or an amino protecting group, wherein the amino protecting group includes, but is not limited to, t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, trichloroethoxy.
  • Carbonyl trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, 2-biphenyl-2-propoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxy, phthaloyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, o-nitro Phenylsulfonyl, p-nitrophenylsulfonyl, pivaloyl, formyl, trifluoroacetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, trityl, p-methoxybenzyl or 2,4-dimethoxy a benzyl group, preferably H or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group;
  • A-1 is reacted with a halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a base to obtain A-2, and A-2 is reacted under basic conditions to obtain A-3.
  • A-3 is reacted with a halogenated methyl chlorosulfonate in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to obtain A-4,
  • A-4 is reacted with Intermediate B in the presence of a base to give A-5, and
  • A-5 is deprotected to give a compound of the formula (I) (when both R 5 are H, no deprotection step is necessary) ;
  • the halogenated hydrocarbon includes, but is not limited to, 2-bromoethyl methyl ether, 1-bromo-2-methoxyethoxyethane or 2-chloroethyl methyl ether;
  • halomethyl chlorosulfonate includes, but is not limited to, chloromethyl chlorosulfonate
  • the base includes, but is not limited to, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium t-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or triethylamine. ;
  • the phase transfer catalyst includes, but is not limited to, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAB), benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA), tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, trioctylmethyl Ammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride or tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride;
  • the deprotection is a conventional amino protecting group deprotection process including, but not limited to, deprotection under acidic conditions, such as the use of trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the structure of the compound is determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or (and) mass spectrometry (MS).
  • NMR shift ( ⁇ ) is given in units of 10 -6 (ppm).
  • the NMR was measured using a (Bruker Avance III 400 and Bruker Avance 300) nuclear magnetic apparatus, and the solvent was deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 ), deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ), deuterated methanol (CD 3 OD). ), the internal standard is tetramethylsilane (TMS).
  • the HPLC was measured using an Agilent 1260 DAD high pressure liquid chromatograph (Zorbax SB-C18100 x 4.6 mm).
  • Thin layer chromatography silica gel plate uses Yantai Yellow Sea HSGF254 or Qingdao GF254 silica gel plate.
  • the specification of silica gel plate used for thin layer chromatography (TLC) is 0.15mm ⁇ 0.20mm.
  • the specification for thin layer chromatography separation and purification is 0.4mm. ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the known starting materials of the present invention may be synthesized by or according to methods known in the art, or may be purchased from Titan Technology, Anheji Chemical, Shanghai Demer, Chengdu Kelon Chemical, Suiyuan Chemical Technology, and Belling Technology. And other companies.
  • the nitrogen atmosphere means that the reaction flask is connected to a nitrogen balloon having a volume of about 1 L.
  • the hydrogen atmosphere means that the reaction flask is connected to a hydrogen balloon of about 1 L volume.
  • the hydrogenation reaction is usually evacuated, charged with hydrogen, and operated three times.
  • reaction was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the solution means an aqueous solution.
  • reaction temperature is room temperature.
  • the room temperature is an optimum reaction temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C.
  • Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl
  • TMS trimethylsilyl
  • N represents mol/L.
  • the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL ⁇ 2), and the organic phase was combined, and the organic phase was saturated brine (400 mL ⁇ 2)
  • the residue was dried (MgSO4) (mjjjjjjj -2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid (3C), colorless liquid (24.0 g, 64%).
  • the third step 3-(methoxyethoxyethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid chloromethyl ester (3D)
  • the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, and the mixture was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (20 mL ⁇ 3).
  • the organic phase was combined with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (20 mL ⁇ 2) The mixture was washed with aq.
  • EtOAc (EtOAc (EtOAc) (EtOAc) -2-(6-Aminofluoren-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-(methoxy Ethyl ethoxyethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propionate (compound 3), colorless liquid (0.37 g, yield 35%).
  • mixture 1, 2, 3 Marked as mixture 1, 2, 3, the mixture 1, 2, 3 were placed in a constant temperature incubator or water bath, respectively, at 0, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 25 seconds, 45 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes At 5 minutes and 10 minutes, 200 ⁇ l of the reaction mixture was mixed with 600 ⁇ l of methanol solution, and after thorough mixing, the mixture was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 15000 g, and the supernatant was taken, filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter, and analyzed by HPLC. Table 1 shows.
  • the compounds of the invention have higher human plasma stability than tenofovir disoproxil.
  • Test Example 2 screening for anti-hepatitis B virus activity
  • HepG 2.2.15 cells Compounds were tested for anti-HBV activity using HepG 2.2.15 cells.
  • the materials and instruments used were as follows: HepG2.2.15 cells, RPMI 1640 medium, fetal bovine serum, 96-well plates, DMSO, QIAamp 96 DNA Blood Kit, Cell-titer blue, microplate reader, Applied Biosystems 7900 real-time PCR system.
  • Each compound was dissolved in DMSO at 20 mM and stored at -20 ° C, and a 20 mM stock solution of each compound was diluted with a DMSO 3 fold gradient for a total of 9 concentrations. It was further diluted 200-fold with RPMI 1640 medium containing 2.0% FBS. The highest test final concentration of the compound was 100 ⁇ M.
  • the experimental procedure is described in the QIAamp 96 DNA Blood Kit (QIAGEN 51161) instructions.
  • Table 2 EC 50 values and CC 50 values for each compound
  • test compounds all showed good anti-HBV activity and showed no cytotoxicity within the tested concentration range (0.0152-100 ⁇ M).

Abstract

本发明提供了一种非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法与在医学上的应用,所述非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物为通式(I)所示化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐:R1为H或甲基;R2为H、C1-10为烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-10烷基,所述烷基任选进一步被0至5个R2a取代;R3为C1-10烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-10烷基,所述烷基任选进一步被0至5个R3a取代;R2a和R3a各自独立为H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羧基、C1-4烷基或C3-6环烷基;n为1~10。

Description

非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法与在医学上的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种通式(I)所示的非环核苷磷酸酯类化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐、其制备方法以及含有它们的药物组合物以及在制备治疗病毒感染性疾病中的药物中的用途。
背景技术
乙肝是世界性的疾病之一,它由乙肝病毒引起。世界上有三分之一的人口均在某种程度上感染了乙肝病毒,其中包括3亿5千万慢性携带者。在一些亚洲和非洲国家,乙肝已经变成流行性疾病,尤其是在中国。乙肝病毒能引起急性和慢性感染,急性感染通常伴随着肝脏发炎、呕吐、黄疸,极个别的还会引起死亡,而慢性感染有可能诱发肝硬化及肝癌。目前虽然可以通过疫苗预防乙肝病毒感染,但仍无有效的方法治疗慢性乙肝疾病。
乙肝病毒是一种嗜肝性的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)病毒,具有环状的部分双链DNA基因组。较短的一条链有1700到2800个核苷酸,较长的一条链有3020到3320个核苷酸,而这条长链则编码病毒的DNA聚合酶。乙肝病毒的基因组编码了四个已知基因——C、X、P和S。基因C编码核蛋白(HBcAg),基因S编码表面抗原(HBsAg),基因P则编码DNA聚合酶,而基因X编码的蛋白功能尚不清楚,但是它被认为与肝癌的发生有关,因为它激活了诱导细胞增值的基因,并且让生长调节因子失活。
乙肝病毒的生命周期复杂,是通过未知受体和内吞作用进入细胞,其基因组被宿主蛋白cha石油醚rones转移到细胞核。在细胞核里,乙肝病毒通过宿主细胞的DNA聚合酶将部分双链DNA转化为完整的双链DNA,并且将形态改变为通过共价键结合的环状DNA(cccDNA)。cccDNA作为模板,转录四个病毒mRNA。这四个转录子作为模板,被转运进细胞质,被翻译成病毒的膜蛋白,核蛋白及DNA聚合酶。最长的mRNA(3.5kb,长于病毒基因组)作为模板复制新的基因组拷贝,转录核衣壳蛋白及病毒DNA聚合酶。同时,这个3.5kb长的RNA将逆转录出乙肝病毒DNA的反义链,随后完成病毒正义链。双链DNA会作为新的子病毒输出或者重新回到细胞核形成新的cccDNA。
乙肝病毒RNA和DNA的合成依赖于乙肝病毒DNA聚合酶,乙肝病毒DNA聚合酶对于病毒的复制是必须的。该聚合酶有四个结构域:对于乙肝病毒复制的开始及核衣壳的装配很重要的末端蛋白、间隔蛋白、逆转录酶及用于降解前基因组RNA模板的 RNaseH结构域。尽管如此,缺乏校对功能导致了乙肝病毒DNA聚合酶的高突变率。
利用DNA聚合酶抑制剂来做为抗乙肝病毒药物已经称为一个颇具吸引力的选择。特殊的病毒聚合酶抑制剂属于核苷类似物家族。对于慢性乙肝病人的治疗由于口服抗乙肝病毒核苷类似物药物而得到了改善。在血清中,核苷类似物能迅速将乙肝病毒DNA降至不可测的水平,并且起效机制明确:核苷类似物竞争性抑制了病毒DNA聚合酶的活性。同时,与干扰素IFN-α相比,核苷类似物表现出良好的耐受性及更小的不良反应。到目前为止,有五种核苷类似物乙肝病毒DNA聚合酶抑制剂作为治疗慢性乙肝的药物,在美国及欧洲上市,包括:lamivudine、adefovir dipivoxil、entecavir、telbivudine、tenofovir disoproxil fumarate、famciclovir和Clevudine,还有其他几个药物处于在研阶段。同时,因为病毒在肝脏中残留以及病毒聚合酶引起的突变(包括病毒聚合酶氨基酸的替换突变),长期抗病毒治疗可能会引起病毒的抗药性和选择性。这对于开发新型抗病毒药物提出了要求。
非环核苷膦化物的抗病毒机制与环状核苷类似物基本一致。不同的是环状核苷类似物必须经过三步磷酸化反应,而非环核苷膦化物本身含有磷酰基,省去了第一步限速的磷酸化反应,因而活性较高,而且其P-C的结构对酶的稳定性好。但是非环核苷膦化物的磷酸酯部分有两个负电荷,不易通过脂质的细胞膜,降低了生物利用度。为解决这一问题,大量磷酸酯的衍生物被合成和研究,包括在磷酸酯部分连接不同的亲脂基团,如取代乙酰基,氨基酸和芳环等。
欧洲专利EP206459描述了包含替诺福韦结构的9-(磷酸甲氧基烷基)腺嘌呤衍生物,及其用于抗病毒药的用途,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000001
其中R1选择氢、甲基、羟甲基,R2选自取代或未取代的亚乙基、亚甲基、亚丙基等。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
EP481214描述了包含阿德福韦酯的新的口服磷酸酯核苷类似物前药,及其抗病毒的医药用途,特别是抗RNA、DNA病毒,也可以用于治疗肿瘤等,其结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000002
其中B选自嘌呤、胞嘧啶、尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、鸟嘧啶等,R3选自取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基,R1、R2独立的选自取代或未取代的氨基、OR4,R4选自CH2C(O)N(R5)2,CH2C(O)OR5、CH2OC(O)R5、CH(R5)OC(O)R5、CH2C(R5)2C水H或CH2OR5,R5选自未取代或被羟基、氧、硝基、卤素取代的C4-C20烷基、芳基或芳基-烷基,R1、R2可以成环。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
WO02057288描述了非环核苷磷酸酯类化合物及其用于抗病毒药的用途,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000003
其中Q选自嘌呤或嘧啶,R4、R5独立的选自氢、烷基、芳基等,R1、R2、R3、R7、R8独立的选自羟基、卤素、氢、氨基、烷基、烷氧基、烷基氨基等。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
CN1583769A描述了9-((磷酸酯)甲氧基烷基)腺嘌呤衍生物及其用于抗病毒药的用途,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000004
其中R1、R2独立的选自氢或取代的联苯甲基。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
CN101066981A描述了非环核苷磷酸酯类化合物及其用于抗病毒药的用途,其结构式如下;
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000005
其中R1选自氢、卤素、氨基、环丙基氨基、甲氧基、乙氧基等,R2选自氢或氨基,R5选自甲基或氢,R3、R4独立的选自(取代的氨基羰基氧基)烷基。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
CN1634943A描述了非环核苷磷酸酯类化合物及其用于抗病毒药的用途,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000006
其中R为氢或甲基,R2选自氢或樟脑酰基,R1选自含3-8个碳的环烷基、3-8个碳的非饱和链烃基、3-8个碳的非饱和环烷基或6-10个碳的芳烃。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
WO2011069322描述了非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物及其用于治疗和预防与病毒感染相关疾病的医药用途,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000007
其中R1选自氢或甲基,R2选自-R3或-OR3,R3选自C1-8烷基、C3-8环烷基。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
发明内容
本发明是在替诺福韦酯基础上设计具有通式(I)所示的化合物,以提供一种结构新颖的非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,可用于治疗病毒感染性疾病,其中病毒感染性疾病包括乙型肝炎病毒和HIV病毒引起的感染性疾病。
本发明提供了一种非环核苷磷酸酯类衍生物,其为通式(I)所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000008
R1选自H或者甲基;
R2选自H、C1-10烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-10烷基,所述的烷基任选进一步被0至5个R2a取代;
R3选自C1-10烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-10烷基,其中所述的烷基任选进一步被0至5个R3a取代;
R2a和R3a各自独立的选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羧基、C1-4烷基或C3-6环烷基;
n选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或者10。
较佳地,本发明涉及一种通式(I)所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000009
R1选自H或者甲基;
R2选自H、C1-10烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-10烷基,所述的烷基任选进一步被0至5个R2a取代;
R3选自C1-10烷基,其中所述的烷基任选进一步被0至5个R3a取代;
R2a和R3a各自独立的选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羧基、C1-4烷基或C3-6环烷基;
n选自1、2、3、4或5。
本发明优选方案,R2选自H、C1-6烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-6烷基,优选H、C1-4烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-4烷基,所述的烷基、环烷基或杂环基任选进一步被0至5个R2a取代。
本发明优选方案,R2选自取代的或未取代的H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、新戊基、戊烷-3-基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)n-甲基,优选取代的或未取代的H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)n-甲基,进一步优选H、甲基或者-(CH2-CH2-O)n-甲基,当被取代时,任选被1至5个R2a取代。
本发明优选方案,R3选自C1-6烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-6烷基,优选C1-4烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-4烷基,所述的烷基任选进一步被0至5个R3a取代。
本发明优选方案,R3选自取代的或未取代的甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、新戊基、戊烷-3-基、-CH2-CH2-OH或者-(CH2-CH2-O)2-H,优选取代的或未取代的丙基、异丙基、异丁基或叔丁基;进一步优选异丙基,当被取代时,任选被1至5个R3a取代。
本发明优选方案,本发明提供一种通式(I)所示的化合物,其中:
R1选自H或者甲基;
R2选自取代的或未取代的H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、新戊基、戊烷-3-基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)n-甲基,优选取代的或未取代的H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)n-甲基,进一步优选H、甲基或者-(CH2-CH2-O)n-甲基,当被取代时,任选被1至5个R2a取代;
R3选自取代的或未取代的甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、新戊基、戊烷-3-基、-CH2-CH2-OH或者-(CH2-CH2-O)2-H,优选取代的或未取代的丙基、异丙基、异丁基或叔丁基,进一步优选异丙基,当被取代时,任选被1至5个R3a取代;
R2a和R3a各自独立的选自H、F、Cl、羟基、氨基、甲基或乙基;
n选自1、2、3、4或5。
本发明优选方案,R2a和R3a各自独立的选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羧基或C1-4烷基,优选H、F、Cl、羟基、氨基、甲基或乙基。
本发明优选方案,n选自1、2或3。
本发明优选方案,本发明提供一种通式(I)所示化合物,其中该化合物选自通式(II)所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000010
R1选自H或者甲基,优选甲基;
R2选自H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、-CH2-CH2-OH、-CH2-CH2-O-CH3、-(CH2-CH2-O)2-H、-(CH2-CH2-O)2-CH3、-(CH2-CH2-O)3-H、-(CH2-CH2-O)3-CH3、-(CH2-CH2-O)4-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)4-CH3,优选H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、-CH2-CH2-OH、-CH2-CH2-O-CH3、-(CH2-CH2-O)2-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)2-CH3
本发明优选方案,一种选自通式(III)所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000011
R2选自H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、-CH2-CH2-O-H、-CH2-CH2-O-CH3、-(CH2-CH2-O)2-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)2-CH3
本发明优选方案,本发明涉及的化合物选自,但不限于:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000012
本发明还提供通式(I)所示化合物,其立体异构体或其药学上可以接受的盐,其中所述的盐为盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、扁桃酸盐、富马酸盐、丙二酸盐、苹果酸盐、2-羟基丙酸盐、草酸盐、羟乙酸盐、水 杨酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸盐、半乳糖醛酸盐、枸橼酸盐、酒石酸盐、赖氨酸盐、精氨酸盐、门冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、肉桂酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、钾盐、钠盐或它们的组合,优选盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、苹果酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、苯甲酸盐、肉桂酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐或它们的组合,进一步优选富马酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、或甲磺酸盐,更优选富马酸盐。
本发明还涉及一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有治疗有效剂量的至少一种本发明通式(I)所述化合物,或其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体或者赋形剂。
根据本发明所述的药物组合物,优选是用于治疗病毒感染性疾病。其中,所述病毒感染性疾病具体可以是包括乙型肝炎病毒、丙肝病毒或者艾滋病毒引起的感染性疾病。
进一步,本发明涉及通式(I)所示化合物、其立体异构体或其药学上可以接受的盐,在制备治疗病毒感染性疾病相关药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了治疗病毒感染性疾病的方法,该方法包括给予患者有效量的本发明通式(I)所述化合物,或其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,或者本发明所述的药物组合物。
本发明的优选方案,其中所述病毒感染性疾病包括乙型肝炎病毒、丙肝病毒或者艾滋病毒引起的感染性疾病。
本发明的优选方案,其中所述病毒感染性疾病包括乙型肝炎病毒引起的感染性疾病,例如慢性乙肝疾病。
本发明化合物与上市药物替诺福韦二吡呋酯相比,具有更高的人血浆稳定性;本发明化合物的盐与上市药物替诺福韦二吡呋酯富马酸盐相比,具备相当的大鼠药代动力学效果。本发明化合物更不易被血浆中酯酶水解,具备更好疗效、更低毒副作用等潜力,具有很好开发前景。
除非有相反的陈述,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语具有下述含义。
本发明涉及到被多个取代基取代时,各取代基可以相同或不相同。
本发明涉及到含有多个杂原子时,各杂原子可以相同或不相同。
本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的元素碳、氢、氧、硫、氮或卤素均包括它们的同位素情况,及本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的元素碳、氢、氧、硫或氮任选进一步被1至5个它们对应的同位素所替代,其中碳的同位素包括12C、13C和14C,氢的同位 素包括氕(H)、氘(D,又叫重氢)、氚(T,又叫超重氢),氧的同位素包括16O、17O和18O,硫的同位素包括32S、33S、34S和36S,氮的同位素包括14N和15N,氟的同位素19F,氯的同位素包括35Cl和37Cl,溴的同位素包括79Br和81Br。
术语“烷基”是指饱和的脂肪族烃基团,包括1至20个碳原子的直链和支链基团。优选含有1至10个碳原子的烷基,非限制性实施例包括,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正壬基,及其各种支链异构体等;更优选的是含有1至4个碳原子的低级烷基,非限制性实施例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基或叔丁基等。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个。取代基的非限制性实施例,包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、C1-10的烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C1-4酰胺基、-C(=O)-O-C1-10烷基、-OC(=O)-C1-10烷基、C3-10碳环或C3-10杂环。优选地,取代基的非限制性实施例包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环己烷基、环戊烷基、环庚烷基、甲氧基乙氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙烯基、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
“烷氧基”是指-O-烷基,其中烷基如本文上面所定义。烷氧基可以是取代的或未取代的,其非限制性实施例包括,甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基或己氧基,优选具有1至12元烷氧基。当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个。取代基的非限制性实施例,包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、C1-10的烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C1-4酰胺基、-C(=O)-O-C1-10烷基、-OC(=O)-C1-10烷基、C3-10碳环或C3-10杂环。优选地,取代基的非限制性实施例包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环己烷基、环戊烷基、环庚烷基、甲氧基乙氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙烯基、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
“烯基”是本发明定义的烷基中,包含至少一个碳-碳双键,所述烯基含有2至20个碳原子,优选2至12个碳原子,进一步优选2至8个碳原子。烯基的非限定实施例包括取代或未取代的乙烯基、2-丙烯基、3-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、4-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、2-己 烯基、3-己烯基、2-庚烯基、3-庚烯基、4-庚烯基、3-辛烯基、3-壬烯基或4-癸烯基等,当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个,独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、氨基、烷基酰基氨基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷基巯基、羟基烷基、羧酸基、羧酸酯或杂环烷基巯基。
“炔基”是本发明定义的烷基中,包含至少一个碳-碳三键,所述炔基含有2至20个碳原子,优选2至12个碳原子,进一步优选2至8个碳原子。炔基的非限定实施例包括取代或未取代的乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、4-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、3-丁炔基、2-庚炔基、3-庚炔基、4-庚炔基、3-辛炔基、3-壬炔基或4-癸炔基等,当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个,独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、氨基、烷基酰基氨基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷基巯基、羟基烷基、羧酸、羧酸酯或杂环烷基巯基。
“环烷基”指取代或未取代的3至8元全碳单环基团,可以连接有桥环或者螺环,其中1至5个可以含有1至5个双键,但没有一个环具有完全的共轭的π电子系统。环烷基的非限制性实施例包括,环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、二环[3.2.1]辛烷基、二环[5.2.0]壬烷基、三环[5.3.1.1]十二烷基、金刚烷基、螺[3.3]庚烷基、螺[2.4]庚烷基、螺[2.5]辛烷基或螺[2.3]己烷基等。当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个。取代基的非限制性实施例,包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、C1-10的烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C1-4酰胺基、-C(=O)-O-C1-10烷基、-OC(=O)-C1-10烷基、C3-10碳环或C3-10杂环。优选地,取代基的非限制性实施例包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环己烷基、环戊烷基、环庚烷基、甲氧基乙氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙烯基、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
“碳环”是指取代的或未取代的饱和或者不饱和的芳香环或者非芳香环,芳香环或者非芳香可以是3至8元的单环,4至12元双环或者10至15元三环系统,碳环可以连接有桥环或者螺环,非限制性实施例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基、环戊烯、环己二烯、环庚三烯、苯基、萘基、苯并环戊基、二环[3.2.1]辛烷基、 二环[5.2.0]壬烷基、三环[5.3.1.1]十二烷基、金刚烷基或螺[3.3]庚烷基等。当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个。取代基的非限制性实施例,包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、C1-10的烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C1-4酰胺基、-C(=O)-O-C1-10烷基、-OC(=O)-C1-10烷基、C3-10碳环或C3-10杂环。优选地,取代基的非限制性实施例包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环己烷基、环戊烷基、环庚烷基、甲氧基乙氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙烯基、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
“杂环基”是指取代的或未取代的饱和或者不饱和的芳香环、非芳香环,芳香环、非芳香环可以是3至8元的单环,4至12元双环或者10至15元三环系统,且由至少一个选自N、O或S的杂原子组成,优选3至10元杂环,杂环的环中选择性取代的N、S可被氧化成各种氧化态。杂环可以连接在杂原子或者碳原子上,杂环可以连接有桥环或者螺环。杂环基的非限制性实施例包括环氧乙烷基、氮杂环丙烯基、氧杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、氮杂环庚烯基、硫杂环戊烷基、氧杂环己烷基、硫杂环己烷基、1,3-二氧戊环基、1,4-二氧戊环基、1,2-二氮杂环戊烷基、1,2-氧氮杂环戊烷基、1,2-氧硫杂环戊烷基、1,3-氧氮杂环戊烷基、1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷基、1,2-二氮杂环己烷基、1,2-氧氮杂环己烷基、1,2-氧硫杂环己烷基、1,3-氧氮杂环己烷基、1,3-硫氮杂环己烷基、1,3-二氮杂环己烷基、1,3-二氧六环基、1,4-二氧六环基、1,3-氧硫杂环己烷基、1,4-二氮杂环己烷基、1,4-氧硫杂环己烷基、1,4-二硫杂环己烷基、螺[3.3]庚烷基、螺[2.3]己烷基、氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷基、氧杂螺[3.3]庚烷基、氮杂螺[2.3]己烷基、氧杂螺[2.3]己烷基、螺[2.4]庚烷基、氮杂螺[2.4]庚烷基、氧杂螺[2.4]庚烷基、螺[2.5]辛烷基、氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷基、氧杂螺[2.5]辛烷基、氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷基、氮杂二环[5.2.0]壬烷基、氧杂三环[5.3.1.1]十二烷基、氮杂金刚烷基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡喃基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、咪唑基、哌啶基、哌叮基、吗啉、硫代吗啉、1,3-二噻烷二氢呋喃、二氢吡喃、二噻戊环、四氢呋喃、四氢吡咯、四氢咪唑、四氢噻唑、六氢吡喃、苯并咪唑、苯并吡啶、吡咯并吡啶、苯并二氢呋喃等。当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个。取代基的非限制性实施例,包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、C1-10的烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C1-4酰胺基、-C(=O)-O-C1-10烷基、-OC(=O)-C1-10烷基、C3-10碳环或C3-10杂环。优选地,取代基的非限制性实施例包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、 氰基、羰基、羧基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环己烷基、环戊烷基、环庚烷基、甲氧基乙氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙烯基、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
“芳基”是指取代的或未取代的6至15元全碳单环或稠合多环基团,具有共轭的π电子体系的多环基团,优选6至10元芳香环,其非限定性实例包括,苯基和萘基;所述芳基可以稠合杂芳基、杂环基或环烷基,且与母体结构连接的部分为芳基,其非限定性实例包括苯并呋喃、苯并环戊烷基,苯并噻唑等。当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个。取代基的非限制性实施例,包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、C1-10的烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C1-4酰胺基、-C(=O)-O-C1-10烷基、-OC(=O)-C1-10烷基、C3-10碳环或C3-10杂环。优选地,取代基的非限制性实施例包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环己烷基、环戊烷基、环庚烷基、甲氧基乙氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙烯基、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
“杂芳基”是指取代或未取代的5至15元芳香环,且含有1至3个选自N、O或S杂原子组成,优选5至10元芳香环,杂芳基的非限制性实施例包括吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、咪唑基、苯并呋喃、苯并咪唑、苯并吡啶或吡咯并吡啶等。当被取代时,取代基优选为1至5个。取代基的非限制性实施例,包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、C1-10的烷基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C1-4酰胺基、-C(=O)-O-C1-10烷基、-OC(=O)-C1-10烷基、C3-10碳环或C3-10杂环。优选地,取代基的非限制性实施例包括H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羰基、羧基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环己烷基、环戊烷基、环庚烷基、甲氧基乙氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙烯基、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
“氨基”是指-NH2,可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为1至2 个,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、羟基、氨基、烷基氨基、烷基酰基氨基、杂环烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、羟基烷基、羧酸基或羧酸酯基,取代基的非限制性实施例,包括羟基、氨基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、伯丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、环丙烷、环丁烷、环己烷、环戊烷、环庚烷、甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、异丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基、取代萘基。
本发明的“=O”为本领域通常习惯用法,是指以双键相连的氧原子,譬如羰基中与碳原子相连的双键氧原子。
“立体异构体”是指由分子中原子在空间上排列方式不同所产生的异构体,包括顺反异构体、对映异构体和构象异构体。
“药物组合物”表示一种或多种本文所述化合物或其生理学/药学上可接受的盐或前体药物与其它化学组分的混合物,其它组分例如生理学/药学上可接受的载体和赋形剂。药物组合物的目的是促进化合物对生物体的给药。
“前药”是指可以在生理条件下或者通过溶剂解转化为具有生物活性的本发明化合物。本发明的前药通过修饰在该化合物中的功能基团来制备,该修饰可以按常规的操作或者在体内被除去,而得到母体化合物。前药包括本发明化合物中的一个羟基、氨基或者巯基连接到任何基团上所形成的化合物,当本发明化合物的前药被施予哺乳动物个体时,前药被割裂而分别形成游离的羟基、游离的氨基或者游离的疏基。前药的例子包括但不限于,本发明化合物中的羟基或氨基功能基团与甲酸、乙酸或苯甲酸所形成的化合物。
“任选”或“任选地”意味着随后所描述地事件或环境可以但不必发生,包括该事件或环境发生或不发生的场合。例如,“芳基任选被烷基取代”意味着烷基可以但不必须存在,该说明包括芳基被烷基取代的情形和芳基不被烷基取代的情形。
“取代或未取代的”是指基团可以被取代或不被取代的情形,若在本发明中没有指出基团可以被取代,则表示该基团为未取代的情形。
“作为选择”是指“作为选择”之后的方案与“作为选择”之前的方案为并列关系,而不是在前方案中的进一步选择情形。
“取代”是指基团中一个或多个氢原子被其它基团取代的情形,如果所述的基团被氢原子取代,形成的基团与被氢原子取代的基团相同。基团被取代的情形,例如氨基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-6碳环、3至6元杂环任选进一步被0至4个选自H、F、Cl、 Br、I、羟基、氰基、氨基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基所取代,形成的基团包括但不限于甲基、氯甲基、三氯甲基、羟基甲基、-CH2OCH3、-CH2SH、-CH2CH2CN、-CH2NH2、-NHOH、-NHCH3、-OCH2Cl、-OCH2OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2NH2、-OCH2CH2SH、-OCH2CH2OH、1-羟基环丙基、2-羟基环丙基、2-氨基环丙基、4-甲基呋喃基、2-羟基苯基、4-氨基苯基、苯基。
本发明化合物的合成方法:
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000013
其中
X选自F、Cl、Br或I,优选Cl;
R2、R3定义与同通式I化合物所述定义一致;
R4选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选甲基;
R5各自独立的选自H或者氨基保护基,其中所述氨基保护基包括但不限于叔丁氧基羰基、苄氧基羰基、笏甲氧羰基、烯丙氧基羰基、三氯乙氧基羰基、三甲基硅基乙氧羰基、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、2-联苯基-2-丙氧羰基、叔丁氧基、邻苯二甲酰基、对甲苯磺酰基、邻硝基苯磺酰基、对硝基苯磺酰基、特戊酰基、甲酰基、三氟乙酰基、苯甲酰基、苄基、三苯甲基、对甲氧基苄基或2,4-二甲氧基苄基,优选H或叔丁氧基羰基;
A-1在碱存在下与卤代烃反应得到A-2,A-2在碱性条件下反应得到A-3,A-3在相转移催化剂存在下与氯磺酸卤代甲酯反应得到A-4,A-4与中间体B在碱存在下反应得到A-5,A-5脱保护得到通式(I)化合物(当两个R5均为H时,不必进行脱保护步骤);
中间体B可通过常规合成方法制得;
所述的卤代烃包括但不限于2-溴乙基甲基醚、1-溴-2-甲氧基乙氧基乙烷或2-氯乙基甲基醚;
所述氯磺酸卤代甲酯包括但不限于氯磺酸氯甲酯;
所述碱包括但不限于氢化钠、氢化钾、氢化锂、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、碳酸钠或三乙胺;
所述相转移催化剂包括但不限于四丁基硫酸氢氨(TBAB)、苄基三乙基氯化铵(TEBA)、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵或十四烷基三甲基氯化铵;
所述脱保护是使用常规氨基保护基脱保护方法,包括但不限于在酸性条件下脱保护基,如使用三氟乙酸。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例详细说明本发明的实施过程和产生的有益效果,旨在帮助阅读者更好地理解本发明的实质和特点,不作为对本案可实施范围的限定。
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或(和)质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用(Bruker Avance III 400和Bruker Avance 300)核磁仪,测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6),氘代氯仿(CDCl3),氘代甲醇(CD3OD),内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
MS的测定用(Agilent 6120B(ESI)和Agilent 6120B(APCI))。
HPLC的测定使用安捷伦1260DAD高压液相色谱仪(Zorbax SB-C18100×4.6mm)。
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254或青岛GF254硅胶板,薄层色谱法(TLC)使用的硅胶板采用的规格是0.15mm~0.20mm,薄层层析分离纯化产品采用的规格是0.4mm~0.5mm。
柱层析一般使用烟台黄海硅胶200~300目硅胶为载体。
本发明的己知的起始原料可以采用或按照本领域已知的方法来合成,或可购买于泰坦科技、安耐吉化学、上海德默、成都科龙化工、韶远化学科技、百灵威科技等公司。
氮气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氮气气球。
氢气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氢气气球。
氢化反应通常抽真空,充入氢气,反复操作3次。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应在氮气氛下进行。
实施例中无特殊说明,溶液是指水溶液。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应的温度为室温。
室温为最适宜的反应温度,为20℃~30℃。
Boc:叔丁氧羰基;TMS:三甲基硅基。
N:表示mol/L。
中间体:
[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(1d)
[(1R)-2-[6-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]purin-9-yl]-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropo xycarbonyloxymethoxy)phosphinic acid
[(1R)-2-[6-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(2b)
[(1R)-2-[6-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)purin-9-yl]-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycar bonyloxymethoxy)phosphinic acid
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000014
第一步:[[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基异丙基碳酸酯(1b)
[[(1R)-2-[6-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]purin-9-yl]-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropo xycarbonyloxymethoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl isopropyl carbonate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000015
将[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基] 氧基甲基异丙基碳酸酯·富马酸盐(1a)(100g,0.157mol)悬浮于二氯甲烷(500mL)中,滴加10%的氢氧化钠溶液至溶液pH至9,分液,向有机相中加入四氢呋喃(350mL)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(2.0g,0.0157mol)和三乙胺(57mL,0.322mol),滴加二碳酸二叔丁酯(90g,0.322mmol),加完后搅拌反应30分钟,加热至60℃,在该温度下继续搅拌反应2小时。将反应液减压浓缩除去四氢呋喃,残留物用乙酸乙酯(200mL)溶解,依次用水(50mL×4)、饱和食盐水(50mL×3)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1:1~7:10)得到标题化合物[[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基异丙基碳酸酯(1b),浅黄色油状物(120g,产率106%)。
第二步:[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(1d)
[(1R)-2-[6-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]purin-9-yl]-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropo xycarbonyloxymethoxy)phosphinic acid
[(1R)-2-[6-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(2b)
[(1R)-2-[6-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)purin-9-yl]-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycar bonyloxymethoxy)phosphinic acid
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000016
将[[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基异丙基碳酸酯(1b)(30g,41.7mmol)溶于乙腈(150mL)中,加入水(150mL),滴加三乙胺(1mL)调节反应液pH至8~9,加热至30℃反应过夜。向反应液中加入二氯甲烷(200mL),分液,水层用二氯甲烷(100mL×2)萃取,在35℃~40℃下减压浓缩水层得到[(1R)-2-[6-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(2b),白色固体(5.0g,产率20%);合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水(50mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1:1~1:0)得到[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(1d),白色固体(4.2g,产率17%)。
实施例1
[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-羟基-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物1)
[[(1R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)p hosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000017
第一步:3-羟基-2,2-二甲基丙酸氯甲酯(1B)
chloromethyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000018
依次将3-羟基-2,2-二甲基丙酸(1A)(5.9g,50mmol)、四丁基硫酸氢氨(1.7g,5mmol)、碳酸氢钠(8.4g,100mmol)溶于水(30mL)和二氯甲烷(40mL)溶液中,冷却至0℃,滴加氯磺酸氯甲酯(4.95g,30mmol),升至室温反应14小时。向反应液中加入水(30mL)和二氯甲烷(40mL),分液,水相用二氯甲烷(80mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v)=3:1)得到标题化合物3-羟基-2,2-二甲基丙酸氯甲酯(1B),无色油状物(700mg,产率14%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):5.74(s,2H),3.62(s,2H),2.40(s,1H),1.23(s,6H)。
第二步:2,2-二甲基-3-三甲基硅氧基丙酸氯甲酯(1C)
chloromethyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-trimethylsilyloxy-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000019
将3-羟基-2,2-二甲基丙酸氯甲酯(1B)(700mg,4.20mmol)溶于二甲基甲酰胺(4mL)中,加入咪唑(428mg,6.3mmol),冷却至0℃,滴加三甲基氯硅烷(547mg,5.04mmol),升至室温反应2小时。向反应液中加入水(40mL),用乙酸乙酯/正己烷(v/v=1:1)萃取(50mL×3),合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(正己烷:二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯(v/v/v)=150:10:1)得到标题化合物2,2-二甲基-3-三甲基硅氧基丙酸氯甲酯(1C),无水油状物(600mg,产率60%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):5.71(s,2H),3.57(s,2H),1.18(s,6H),0.08(s,9H)。
第三步:[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基2,2-二甲基-3-三甲基硅氧基-丙酸酯(1D)
[[(1R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)p hosphoryl]oxymethyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-trimethylsilyloxy-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000020
将[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基乙氧基]甲基磷酸(902mg,3.145mmol)溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(4mL)中,加入2,2-二甲基-3-三甲基硅氧基丙酸氯甲酯(1C)(1.5g,6.29mmol),升温至60℃,加入氯甲基异丙基碳酸酯(959mg,6.29mmol)和三乙胺(1.27g,12.58mmol),维持60℃反应5小时。冷却反应液至室温,加入水(40mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(二氯甲烷:甲醇:氨水(v/v/v)=25:1:0.2)得到标题化合物[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基2,2-二甲基-3-三甲基硅氧基-丙酸酯(1D),无水油状物(600mg,产率32%)。
第四步:[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-羟基-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物1)
[[(1R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)p hosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000021
将[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基2,2-二甲基-3-三甲基硅氧基-丙酸酯(1D)(600mg,1mol)溶于四氢呋喃(4mL)中,加入乙酸(2mL),加入水(1mL),维持15℃反应30分钟。将反应液蒸馏除去四氢呋喃,向残留物中加入水(10mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节溶液pH=8,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(二氯甲烷:甲醇:丙酮:氨水(v/v/v/v)=20:1:1.5:0.2~16.5:1:1.5:0.15)得到标题化合物[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-羟基-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物1),无色油状物(65mg,12%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):8.32(d,1H),8.00(d,1H),6.38(d,2H),5.78-5.55(m,4H),5.36-5.30(m,1H),4.98-4.82(m,1H),4.43-4.37(m,1H),4.06-3.88(m,2H),3.85-3.64(m,2H),3.56-3.50(m,2H),1.34-1.21(m,15H)。
MS M/Z(ESI):534.2(M+1)。
实施例2
[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]
氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物2)
[[(1R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)phosp horyl]oxymethyl 3-(methoxyethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000022
第一步:3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸甲酯(2B)
methyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000023
将氢化钠(10g,0.42mol,wt=60%)加入到四氢呋喃(800mL)中,冰水浴冷却至0℃,缓慢加入3-羟基-2,2,-二甲基丙酸甲酯(2A)(50g,0.38mol),反应1小时,加入2-溴乙基甲基醚(63.2g,0.46mol),升至室温搅拌过夜。向反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯(800mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水(1000mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱谱分离提纯(石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v)=25:1)得标题化合物3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸甲酯(2B),无色液体(9.8g,产率14%)。
MS M/Z(ESI):191.1(M+1)。
第二步:3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸(2C)
3-(methoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000024
将3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸甲酯(2B)(4.7g,24.7mmol)溶于甲醇/水
(v/v=1:1,40mL)混合溶剂中,加入氢氧化钾(5.5g,98.8mmol),在35℃下搅拌反应过夜。向反应液中加入盐酸(4N)水溶液调节溶液至酸性,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,加水(10mL)稀释,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水(100mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(二氯甲烷:甲醇(v/v)=50:1)得到标题化合物3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸(2C),无色液体(0.9g,产率21%);
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):9.17(s,1H),3.65-3.63(m,2H),3.56-3.53(m,2H),3.51(s,2H),3.38(s,3H),1.22(s,6H)。
MS M/Z(ESI):177.2(M+1)。
第三步:3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯甲酯(2D)
chloromethyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000025
将3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸(2C)(2.6g,14.8mmol)溶于二氯甲烷/水(v/v=1:1,10mL)混合溶剂中,冰水浴冷却至0℃,加入四丁基硫酸氢氨(1.0g,2.96mmol), 碳酸氢钠(5.0g,59.2mmol),搅拌反应10分钟,加入氯磺酸氯甲酯(2.42g,14.8mmol),升至室温搅拌过夜。将反应液分液,水层用二氯甲烷(10mL)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL×2),无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(乙酸乙酯:甲醇(v/v)=10:1)得到标题化合物3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯甲酯(2D),无色液体(0.91g,产率27%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):5.65(s,2H),3.54-3.51(m,2H),3.45-3.43(m,4H),3.29(s,3H),1.16(s,6H)。
第四步:[[(1R)-2-(6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(2E)
[[(1R)-2-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]purin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxy carbonyloxymethoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000026
将[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(1d)(0.448g,0.743mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中,加入三乙胺(0.226g,2.23mmol),升至70℃搅拌反应10分钟,加入3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯甲酯(2D)(0.5g,2.23mmol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)溶液,70℃搅拌2小时。向反应液中加入二氯甲烷(10mL)和水(1mL),分液,水层用二氯甲烷(10mL)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水(20mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v)=3:1)得到标题化合物[[(1R)-2-(6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(2E),无色液体(0.143g,24%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):8.85(s,1H),8.27(s,1H),5.70-5.52(m,4H),4.95-4.91(m,1H),4.45(d,1H),4.26(dd,1H),4.00-3.92(m,2H),3.77-3.71(m,1H),3.59-3.57(m,2H),3.50(m,4H),3.34(s,3H),1.45(s,18H),1.32(d,6H),1.21(m,9H)。
MS M/Z(ESI):792.3(M+1)。
第五步:[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物2)
[[(1R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)p  hosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-(methoxyethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000027
将[[(1R)-2-(6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(2E)(0.143g,0.18mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)中,冰水浴冷却至0℃,搅拌反应5分钟,加入三氟乙酸(2mL),搅拌反应5分钟,升至室温反应1小时。将反应液用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH至中性,分液,水层用二氯甲烷(10mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL×2)、饱和食盐水(20mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(乙酸乙酯)得到标题化合物[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物2),无色液体(0.09g,产率85%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):8.33(s,1H),7.99(s,1H),6.01(s,2H),5.70-5.62(m,4H),4.95-4.88(m,1H),4.36(d,1H),4.18-4.12(m,1H),3.97-3.90(m,2H),3.73-3.67(m,1H),3.59-3.56(m,2H),3.50-3.48(m,4H),3.34(s,3H),1.32-1.29(m,6H),1.23-1.20(m,9H)。
MS M/Z(ESI):592.3(M+1)。
化合物2的拆分
取[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物2)(4.5g)用于拆分,分离分析方法:仪器:Thar analytical SFC;柱:ChiraPak AD-3,150×4.6mm;流动相:A for CO2and B for ETOH(0.05%DEA);梯度:B 20%;流量:2.4mL/min;背压:100bar;柱温:35℃;波长:220nm;制备分离方法:仪器:MGⅡpreparative SFC,柱:ChiralPak AD-H,250×30mmI.D.,流动相:A for CO2and B for ETOH,梯度:B 20%,流量:60mL/min,背压:100bar,柱温:38℃,波长:220nm,周期:~4.0min;样品制备:化合物2溶解在乙醇中,制得样品浓度160mg/ml的溶液,进样:0.5mL每针。
分离后得到两个光学异构体化合物2-1(保留时间:2.85min,2.18g,无色粘稠物,ee%=100%),化合物2-2(保留时间:3.28min,2.04g,无色粘稠物,ee%=98.3%)。
化合物2-1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),6.42(s,2H),5.69–5.54(m, 4H),4.96–4.86(m,1H),4.38(dd,1H),4.16(dd,1H),3.99–3.90(m,2H),3.69(dd,1H),3.58(m,,2H),3.49(m,4H),3.34(s,3H),1.31(s,3H),1.30(s,3H),1.24–1.20(m,9H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ22.47。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):592.3(M+1)。
化合物2-2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33(s,1H),8.02(s,1H),6.19(s,2H),5.68–5.57(m,4H),4.92(m,1H),4.37(dd,1H),4.15(dd,1H),3.99–3.90(m,2H),3.70(m,1H),3.57(m,2H),3.52–3.47(m,4H),3.34(s,3H),1.32(s,3H),1.30(s,3H),1.24–1.19(m,9H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ22.47。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):592.4(M+1)。
实施例3
[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物3)
[[(1R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)p hosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000028
第一步:3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸甲酯(3B)
methyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000029
称取氢化钠(8.2g,0.204mol,wt=60%)加入到四氢呋喃(200mL)中,冰水浴冷却至0℃,缓慢加入3-羟基-2,2-二甲基丙酸甲酯(3A)(22.44g,0.170mol),搅拌反应0.5小时,加入1-溴-2-甲氧基乙氧基乙烷(62g,0.339mol),升至室温搅拌反应过夜。将反应液 用饱和氯化铵水溶液(300mL)淬灭反应,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯(500mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水(1000mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v)=25:1)得到标题化合物3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸甲酯(3B),无色液体(9.73g,产率25%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):3.65(s,3H),3.62-3.56(m,6H),3.52-3.50(m,2H),3.45(s,2H),3.36(s,3H),1.16(s,6H)。
MS M/Z(ESI):235.2(M+1)。
第二步:3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸(3C)
3-(methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000030
将3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸甲酯(3B)(40g,0.171mol)溶于甲醇/水(v/v=1:1,400mL)混合溶剂中,加入氢氧化钾(38.3g,0.684mol),35℃搅拌反应过夜。将反应液用盐酸(6N)水溶液调节pH=3左右,减压蒸馏除去大部分甲醇,水层用乙酸乙酯(200mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水(400mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(二氯甲烷:甲醇(v/v)=60:1)得到标题化合物3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸(3C),无色液体(24.0g,64%)。
第三步:3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯甲酯(3D)
chloromethyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000031
将3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸(3C)(20.0g,0.091mol)溶于二氯甲烷/水(v/v=1:1,200mL)混合溶剂中,冰水浴冷却至0℃,加入四丁基硫酸氢氨(3.09g,0.0091mol),碳酸氢钠(22.9g,0.273mol),搅拌反应30分钟,加入氯磺酸氯甲酯(15g,0.091mol),升至室温搅拌反应过夜。将反应液分液,水层用二氯甲烷(100mL×2)洗涤,合并有机相,有机相用饱和食盐水(200mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(乙酸乙酯:甲醇(v/v)=10:1)得到标题化合物3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯甲酯(3D),无色液体(14.0g,产率57%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):5.73(s,2H),3.64-3.61(m,6H),3.54-3.52(m,2H),3.50(s,2H),3.38(s,3H),1.24(s,6H)。
第四步:[[(1R)-2-(6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(3E)
[[(1R)-2-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]purin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxy carbonyloxymethoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000032
将[(1R)-2-[6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基]-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)次磷酸(1d)(7.0g,11.6mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(20mL)中,加入三乙胺(5.3g,52.2mmol),升至70℃搅拌反应20分钟,加入3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯甲酯(3D)(14.0g,52.2mmol),在70℃下搅拌反应2小时。向反应液中加入二氯甲烷(20mL)和水(20mL),分液,水层用二氯甲烷(20mL)萃取,合并有机层,有机层用饱和食盐水(50mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v)=3:1)得到标题化合物[[(1R)-2-(6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(3E),无色液体(1.4g,产率15%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):8.80(s,1H),8.23(s,1H),5.63-5.46(m,4H),4.90-4.86(m,1H),4.40(d,1H),4.22(dd,1H),3.96-3.88(m,2H),3.73-3.67(m,1H),3.55(s,6H),3.48-3.45(m,4H),3.32(s,3H),1.40(m,18H),1.26(d,6H),1.17(d,9H)。
MS M/Z(ESI):836.2(M+1)。
第五步:[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物3)
[[(1R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-(isopropoxycarbonyloxymethoxy)p hosphoryl]oxymethyl 3-(methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000033
将[[(1R)-2-(6-[双(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(3E)(1.4g,1.68mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(6mL)中,冰水浴冷却至0℃,搅拌反应5分钟,加入三氟乙酸(6mL),搅拌反应5分钟,升至室温反应3小时。将反应液用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH至中性,分液,水层用二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL×2)、饱和食盐水溶液(20mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(二氯甲烷:甲醇(v/v)=30:1)得到标题化合物[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物3),无色液体(0.37g,产率35%)。
1H-NMR:(CDCl3):8.30(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),6.38(s,2H),5.64-5.53(m,4H),4.91-4.85(m,1H),4.34(d,1H),4.12(m 1H),3.94-3.88(m,2H),3.70-3.65(m,1H),3.62-3.60(m,6H),3.53-3.48(m,4H),3.31(s,3H),1.28-1.27(m,6H),1.23-1.17(m,9H)。
MS M/Z(ESI):636.2(M+1)。
化合物3的拆分
取[[(1R)-2-(6-氨基嘌呤-9-基)-1-甲基-乙氧基]甲基-(异丙氧基羰基氧基甲氧基)磷酰基]氧基甲基3-(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)-2,2-二甲基-丙酸酯(化合物3)(8.6g)用于拆分,分离分析方法:仪器:Thar analytical SFC,柱:ChiralPak AD-3,150×4.6mm,3um,流动相:A for CO2and B for Ethanol(0.05%DEA),梯度:B 25%,流量:2.4mL/min,背压:100bar,柱温:35℃,波长:220nm;制备分离方法:仪器:Thar 350preparative SFC,柱:ChiralPak AD-10u,300×50mmI.D.,流动相:A for CO2and B for Ethanol,梯度:B 25%,流量:200mL/min,背压:100bar,柱温:38℃,波长:220nm,周期:~3min,样品制备:化合物3溶解在乙醇中,制得样品浓度20mg/ml的溶液进样:2.5mL每针。
分离后得到两个光学异构体化合物3-1(保留时间:2.67min,3.2g,无色粘稠物,ee%=100%),化合物3-2(保留时间:3.07min,3g,无色粘稠物,ee%=98%)。
化合物3-1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),5.97(s,2H),5.73-5.53(m,4H),4.91(m,1H),4.36(dd,1H),4.15(dd,1H),4.01-3.88(m,2H),3.70(m,1H),3.64-3.56(m,6H),3.51(m,4H),3.37(s,3H),1.30(d,6H),1.21(m,9H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ22.58。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):636.2(M+1)。
化合物3-2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),5.97(s,2H),5.72-5.53(m,4H),4.91(m,1H),4.36(dd,1H),4.15(dd,1H),4.02-3.87(m,2H),3.70(dd,1H),3.65-3.55(m,6H),3.51(m,4H),3.37(s,3H),1.30(d,6H),1.21(m,9H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ22.55。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):636.2(M+1)。
实施例4化合物2-1的富马酸盐的制备
将化合物2-1(1.95g,3.29mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯(18mL)中,加入富马酸(0.382g,3.29mmol)及无水甲醇(2mL),加热至50℃搅拌至溶液完全澄清后再降温至室温,加入石油醚(20mL),搅拌析晶3小时,过滤,收集滤饼减压干燥得标题化合物(1.5g,产率65.2%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ13.13(s,2H),8.14(s,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.20(s,2H),6.64(s,2H),5.67-5.47(m,4H),4.89-4.76(m,1H),4.27(d,1H),4.18(dd,1H),3.98(m,3H),3.49(s,2H),3.46-3.35(m,4H),3.22(s,3H),1.24(d,6H),1.12(s,6H),1.08(d,3H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,DMSO)δ23.13。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):592.2(M+1)。
实施例5化合物2-2的富马酸盐的制备
将化合物2-2(1.61g,2.73mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯(14.5mL)中,加入富马酸(0.316g,2.73mmol)及无水甲醇(1.5mL),加热至50℃搅拌至溶液完全澄清后再降温至室温,加入石油醚(16ml),搅拌析晶3小时,过滤,收集滤饼减压干燥得标题化合物(1.3g,产率67.7%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ13.12(s,2H),8.14(s,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.19(s,2H),6.63(s,2H),5.61-5.49(m,4H),4.83(m,1H),4.26(m,1H),4.17(m,1H),4.00-3.89(m,3H),3.49(m,2H),3.45-3.37(m,4H),3.22(s,3H),1.24(m,,6H),1.11(s,6H),1.08(d,3H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,DMSO)δ23.14。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):592.2(M+1)。
实施例6化合物3-1的富马酸盐的制备
将化合物3-1(1.8g,2.83mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯(16mL)中,加入富马酸(0.328g,2.83mmol)及无水甲醇(2mL),加热至50℃搅拌至溶液完全澄清后再降至室温,加入石油醚(18mL),搅拌析晶3小时,过滤,收集滤饼减压干燥得标题化合物(1.3g,产率 61.9%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ13.11(s,2H),8.14(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.19(s,2H),6.63(s,2H),5.67-5.46(m,4H),4.82(m,1H),4.26(dd,1H),4.17(dd,1H),4.05-3.88(m,3H),3.48(s,6H),3.41(m,4H),3.23(s,3H),1.24(d,6H),1.12(s,6H),1.07(d,3H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,DMSO)δ23.12。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):636.2(M+1)。
实施例7化合物3-2的富马酸盐的制备
将化合物3-2(1.8g,2.83mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯(16mL)中,加入富马酸(0.328g,2.83mmol)及无水甲醇(2mL),加热至50℃搅拌至溶液完全澄清后再降至室温,加入石油醚(18mL),搅拌析晶3小时,过滤,收集滤饼减压干燥得标题化合物(1.2g,产率57.1%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ13.09(s,2H),8.14(s,1H),8.04(s,1H),6.63(s,2H),4.88-4.77(m,1H),4.26(dd,1H),4.17(dd,1H),4.04-3.87(m,3H),3.53-3.44(m,6H),3.44-3.35(m,4H),3.27-3.19(m,3H),1.23(m,6H),1.15-1.03(m,9H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,DMSO)δ23.14。
LC-MS M/Z(ESI):636.2(M+1)。
测试例1、人血浆中稳定性考察
取人全血与3.8%枸橼酸钠抗凝剂按9:1混合抗凝,于4℃,2000g条件下离心15分钟,取上清液置于恒温培养箱或水浴内孵育5分钟,取替诺福韦二吡呋酯、化合物2、化合物2-1、化合物2-2和化合物3的DMSO/TBS混合液(0.2mg/mL)各250μl与预温人血浆1000μl混合,充分混匀,标记为混合物1、2、3,将混合物1、2、3置于恒温培养箱或水浴内孵育,分别在0、5秒、10秒、15秒、25秒、45秒、1分钟、2分钟、5分钟和10分钟时取反应混合液200μl并与600μl甲醇溶液混合,充分混匀后,15000g条件下离心5分钟,取上清,用0.22μm滤膜过滤后用HPLC进行分析,分析结果如表1所示。
表1:人血浆内稳定性实验结果
编号 人血浆稳定性(t1/2)
替诺福韦二吡呋酯 77.5s
化合物2 189s
化合物2-1 189s
化合物2-2 189s
化合物3 140.8s
结论:与替诺福韦二吡呋酯相比,本发明化合物具有更高的人血浆稳定性。
测试例2、抗乙型肝炎病毒活性筛选
用HepG2.2.15细胞测定化合物的抗乙肝病毒活性。使用的材料与仪器如下:HepG2.2.15细胞,RPMI 1640培养液,胎牛血清,96孔板,DMSO,QIAamp 96DNA Blood Kit,Cell-titer blue,酶标仪,Applied Biosystems 7900real-time PCR system。
用DMSO将各化合物溶解至20mM,-20℃贮存,将各化合物的20mM贮存液用DMSO 3倍梯度稀释,共9个浓度。再用含2.0%FBS的RPMI 1640培养液稀释200倍。化合物的最高测试终浓度为100μM。实验步骤参照QIAamp 96DNA Blood Kit(QIAGEN 51161)说明书。
qPCR法测定化合物抗乙肝病毒活性并计算EC50(半数有效抑制浓度)。分析数据和计算抑制百分比:应用如下公式计算抑制百分比:%Inh.=【(HBV quantity of DMSO control-HBV quantity of sample)/HBV quantity of DMSO control】×100。最后使用GraphPad Prism软件计算化合物的EC50值。
Cell-titer blue法测定化合物的细胞毒性并计算CC50(致50%细胞毒性浓度)。分析数据和计算相对细胞活力:应用如下公式计算细胞活性百分比:%cell viability=(fluorescence of sample–fluorescence of medium control)/(fluorescence of DMSO control-fluorescence of medium control)×100。最后使用GraphPad Prism软件计算化合物的CC50值。结果如表2所示。
表2:各化合物EC50值及CC50
序号 化合物编号 EC50(μM) CC50(μM)
对照 替诺福韦二吡呋酯 0.00182 >100
1 2 <0.0152 50.50
2 2-1 0.00065 >100
3 2-2 0.00079 >100
4 3 <0.0152 82.75
5 3-1 0.01068 >100
6 3-2 0.01592 >100
结论:测试化合物均表现出了较好的抗乙肝病毒活性,在测试的浓度范围内(0.0152-100μM)没有表现出细胞毒性。
测试例3、药代动力学评价
雄性SD大鼠(购自Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co.LTD,许可证号:1400700005540)200-240g,禁食过夜。实验当天3只SD大鼠分别灌胃15mg·kg-1(按 原药PMPA计),分别于给药前及给药后5,15,30min,1,2,4,8,12和24h,由颈静脉采血0.20mL,置于EDTA试管中。血液样品采集后加入2倍体积乙腈,漩涡混合1min,13000rpm离心8min。取上清100μL,加入50μL乙腈和内标(维拉帕米,5.00ng·mL-1and格列本脲,50.0ng·mL-1),漩涡混合1min后,N2吹干。残留物加入100μL去离子水溶解,取5μL进行LC-MS/MS检测。采用Pharsight Phoenix 6.3中的非房室模型计算药代动力学参数,并评价前药化合物相对于原药PMPA的口服生物利用度。实验结果如表3所示。
表3:大鼠药代动力学评价结果
Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-000034
结论:化合物2-1的富马酸盐和化合物2-2的富马酸盐与对照药物替诺福韦二吡呋酯富马酸盐相比,具有相当的效果。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种通式(I)所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,
    Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-100001
    其中:
    R1选自H或者甲基;
    R2选自H、C1-10烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-10烷基,所述的烷基任选进一步被0至5个R2a取代;
    R3选自C1-10烷基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C1-10烷基,其中所述的烷基任选进一步被0至5个R3a取代;
    R2a和R3a各自独立的选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、巯基、氨基、氰基、羧基、C1-4烷基或C3-6环烷基;
    n选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或者10。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中:
    R1选自H或者甲基;
    R2选自取代的或未取代的H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、新戊基、戊烷-3-基、-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)n-甲基,当被取代时,任选被1至5个R2a取代;
    R3选自取代的或未取代的甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、新戊基、戊烷-3-基、-CH2-CH2-OH或者-(CH2-CH2-O)2-H,当被取代时,任选被1至5个R3a取代;
    R2a和R3a各自独立的选自H、F、Cl、羟基、氨基、甲基或乙基;
    n选自1、2、3、4或5。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中该化合物选自通式(II)所示的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中:
    Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-100002
    R1选自H或者甲基;
    R2选自H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、-CH2-CH2-O-CH3、-CH2-CH2-OH、-(CH2-CH2-O)2-H或者-(CH2-CH2-O)2-CH3
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中化合物选自以下结构之一:
    Figure PCTCN2014094659-appb-100003
  5. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中所述的盐为对甲苯磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐或富马酸盐。
  6. 一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有:治疗有效剂量的根据利要求1~5中任一项所述的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体或者赋形剂。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,该药物组合物是用于治疗病毒感染性疾病。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其中,所述病毒感染性疾病包括乙型肝炎病毒、丙肝病毒或者艾滋病毒引起的感染性疾病。
  9. 权利要求1~5中任一项所述的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐在制备用于治疗病毒感染性疾病的相关药物中的应用。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用,其中所述病毒感染性疾病包括乙型肝炎病毒、丙肝病毒或者艾滋病毒引起的感染性疾病。
  11. 一种治疗病毒感染性疾病的方法,该方法包括给予患者有效量的利要求1~5中任一项所述的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,或者权利要求6所述的药物组合物。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述病毒感染性疾病包括乙型肝炎病毒、丙肝病毒或者艾滋病毒引起的感染性疾病。
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US5663159A (en) * 1990-09-14 1997-09-02 Institute Of Organic Chemistry And Biochemistry Of The Academy Of Sciences Of The Czech Republic Prodrugs of phosphonates
CN1986553A (zh) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-27 北京美倍他药物研究有限公司 无环核苷膦酸的前体药物
CN102977146A (zh) * 2012-11-20 2013-03-20 广东肇庆星湖生物科技股份有限公司 一种腺嘌呤衍生物及其包合物

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US5663159A (en) * 1990-09-14 1997-09-02 Institute Of Organic Chemistry And Biochemistry Of The Academy Of Sciences Of The Czech Republic Prodrugs of phosphonates
CN1986553A (zh) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-27 北京美倍他药物研究有限公司 无环核苷膦酸的前体药物
CN102977146A (zh) * 2012-11-20 2013-03-20 广东肇庆星湖生物科技股份有限公司 一种腺嘌呤衍生物及其包合物

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