WO2015081585A1 - 一种三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法 - Google Patents

一种三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2015081585A1
WO2015081585A1 PCT/CN2013/089445 CN2013089445W WO2015081585A1 WO 2015081585 A1 WO2015081585 A1 WO 2015081585A1 CN 2013089445 W CN2013089445 W CN 2013089445W WO 2015081585 A1 WO2015081585 A1 WO 2015081585A1
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magnetic field
curve
magnetization
triangular wave
value
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French (fr)
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刘文中
钟景
蒋玲
杨明
张朴
周铭
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/36Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using magnetic elements, e.g. magnets, coils
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0285Nanoscale sensors

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  • the invention relates to the field of nanometer testing technology, and particularly relates to a temperature measuring method based on magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles under a triangular wave excitation magnetic field, and is particularly suitable for in vivo temperature measurement.
  • Temperature is one of the seven basic unit quantities specified by the International System of Units, and it is also one of the most basic physical quantities of matter in nature.
  • the measurement of temperature has important implications for the understanding of the nature of matter in nature.
  • the magnetic nanometer temperature measurement method is a new, non-invasive and non-invasive temperature measurement method. It mainly calculates the temperature information by measuring the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles and inverting through a certain model relationship.
  • the magnetic nanoparticle temperature measurement method has non-invasive properties, which makes it have a wide application prospect in special environments, such as deep in living organisms and other confined spaces.
  • Tumor hyperthermia is a non-invasive or minimally invasive surgery for cancer that is known as "green therapy.” It mainly uses living normal cells and tumor cells to withstand the difference in temperature to treat tumors.
  • the drug delivery mainly uses the magnetic nanoparticles coated with the drug-loaded polymer to realize the quantitative localization and release of the drug by radio frequency heating. During this process, measuring and controlling the temperature of the magnetic nanoparticles is critical for the targeted release of the drug.
  • the temperature (field) measurement technology in the environment is highly accurate and highly real-time, it is very mature, such as thermal resistance.
  • the present invention provides a magnetic nanometer temperature measurement method under a triangular wave excitation magnetic field, the purpose of which is to realize real-time precise temperature measurement in vivo, and magnetic nanometer temperature measurement under a triangular wave excitation magnetic field.
  • the method is specifically as follows:
  • the magnetic nanoparticle magnetization curve that is, the excitation magnetic field-magnetization intensity curve is obtained, and the magnetic field-magnetization intensity curve is sampled to obtain the magnetization intensity Mi of the magnetic nanoparticle sample under the excitation magnetic field.
  • i l, -, n, n is the total number of sampling points;
  • the temperature of the object to be tested is determined to be ⁇ , where N is the concentration of the magnetic nanometer sample, which is the effective magnetic moment of the magnetic nanoparticle, and is the Boltzmann constant.
  • the triangular wave excitation magnetic field curve and the magnetization intensity curve are respectively subjected to a folded mean processing according to the following manner:
  • the unit period curve segment is divided into a first zero value to a peak, a first peak to a second zero value, a second zero value to a trough, and a trough to a third zero value four-segment curve;
  • sampling points of the first zero value to the peak curve segment are sequentially arranged to form a first sampling point set; the sampling points of the first peak to the second zero value curve segment are sequentially arranged to form a second sampling point set. Each point in the second sampling point set is sequentially obtained correspondingly to obtain an average to obtain an array of first intermediate mean points;
  • sampling points of the curve segment between the second zero value and the trough are sequentially arranged to form a third sampling point set; the sampling points of the curve segment between the trough and the third zero value are arranged in reverse order to form a fourth sampling point set; Each of the four sample points is sequentially sequenced to obtain an average of the second intermediate mean array;
  • the values of the first intermediate mean value array are sequentially compared with the absolute values of the respective values in the second intermediate mean value array, and finally a set of sampling arrays that effectively characterize the variation trend between zero values and peaks in a single cycle is obtained.
  • the unit period curve segment is further smoothed, specifically: updating the Y-axis value of the first point on the curve segment to the mean value of the first to the second points, and updating the axis value of the second point to the first point ⁇ +1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ the average of the points, the ⁇ axis value of the third point is updated to the mean value of the second ⁇ +1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ points, ..., And so on, the Y-axis value update is completed until the entire curve segment.
  • step (5) is specifically:
  • the excitation magnetic field samples the array ⁇ H 2 , ⁇ , D and the sample magnetization sample array
  • the frequency of the triangular wave excitation magnetic field ranges from 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz
  • the amplitude of the triangular wave excitation magnetic field ranges from 1 OGs to 1 OOOGs.
  • the present invention applies a low frequency triangular wave magnetic field to the region where the magnetic nanoparticle sample is located, and simultaneously measures the excitation magnetic field and the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles. Since the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles and the excitation magnetic field have almost no phase difference under the excitation of the low-frequency triangular wave, the magnetization curve (excitation magnetic field-magnetization curve) can be described by the Langevin function.
  • the Langevin function model and the related inversion algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt) are used to calculate the temperature information in real time.
  • the present invention superimposes and averages the excitation magnetic field waveform and the magnetic nanoparticle magnetization waveform of a plurality of cycles at a specific time measured, and the averaging process in a unit period, thereby obtaining a magnetic nanoparticle magnetization curve for eliminating hysteresis, thereby further improving measurement accuracy.
  • the present invention utilizes a triangular wave excitation magnetic field to achieve rapid measurement of the magnetic nanoparticle magnetization curve, and then calculates temperature information through a correlation inversion algorithm and a Langevin function model. Fast and precise temperature measurement. Tests have shown that the magnetic nanoparticle temperature measurement accuracy according to the method of the present invention can reach 0.1K.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a temperature measuring method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles at different temperatures
  • Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of the excitation magnetic field and the response magnetic field of the magnetic nanoparticles after m period averaging;
  • Fig. 4 is a magnetization curve of the magnetic nanoparticles.
  • Figure 5 is a temperature measurement error diagram.
  • Magnetic nanoparticles are superparamagnetic materials whose magnetization curve follows Lang's Wanshun magnetic
  • the concentration is the effective magnetic moment of the magnetic nanoparticles
  • H is the triangular wave excitation magnetic field
  • Boltzmann constant is the Boltzmann constant
  • is the absolute temperature.
  • the magnetization curve of the magnetic nanoparticles has temperature-sensitive characteristics. At different temperatures, the magnetic nanoparticles have different magnetization curves (as shown in Figure 2). Therefore, the magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles can be measured by measuring the magnetization curve of the magnetic nanoparticles and using the theoretical model of the Langevin function and the related inversion algorithm. In order to measure the temperature of the magnetic nanoparticles in real time, the magnetization curve (excitation magnetic field-magnetization intensity curve) of the magnetic nanoparticles must be quickly obtained.
  • the research of the invention finds that under the excitation magnetic field of the low frequency triangular wave, the magnetization of the magnetic nanometer and the excitation magnetic field have almost no phase difference, and the magnetization process of the magnetic nanoparticle can be described by the basic Langevin function.
  • the magnetization curve of the magnetic nanoparticles can be measured under the excitation magnetic field of the low-frequency triangular wave, so that the magnetization curve of the magnetic nanoparticles can be accurately obtained in real time, so that real-time precision measurement of the temperature of the magnetic nanoparticles can be realized.
  • the present invention proposes a magnetic nanometer temperature measuring method under a triangular wave excitation magnetic field, which is specifically:
  • the surface of the magnetic nanometer sample is modified to be biocompatible and can be directed to the living subject to be tested with blood circulation.
  • a Helmholtz coil is used to apply a triangular wave excitation magnetic field to the region where the magnetic nanosample is located.
  • the frequency and amplitude of the excitation magnetic field of the triangular wave Since the cycle average is to be achieved for noise reduction and the number of data points per week is not too small, the frequency/range can be selected from 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz.
  • the amplitude of the triangular wave excitation field affects the value of the pre-set excitation field and the number of data points fitted.
  • the range of the selectable amplitude is 10 (3 ⁇ 4-1000 (3 ⁇ 4).
  • step (4) also optimizes the triangular wave excitation magnetic field-time curve and the magnetization intensity-time curve.
  • the ⁇ axis value of the triangular wave excitation magnetic field curve is the discrete value of the excitation magnetic field, and the ⁇ axis value of the magnetization intensity curve. It is the dispersion of magnetization.
  • (42) performing periodic superposition and averaging on a plurality of continuous periodic curve segments of the triangular wave excitation magnetic field-time curve to obtain a unit period curve segment of the triangular wave excitation magnetic field; and periodically superimposing and averaging the plurality of continuous periodic curve segments of the magnetization intensity-time curve to obtain Magnetization unit cycle curve segment;
  • the unit period curve segment is divided into a first zero value to a peak, a first peak to a second zero value, a second zero value to a trough, and a trough to a third zero value four-segment curve;
  • sampling points of the first zero value to the peak curve segment are sequentially arranged to form a first sampling point set; the sampling points of the curve segment from the peak to the second zero value are sequentially arranged to form a second sampling point set; Each point in the set of sampling points is sequentially obtained by obtaining a Y-axis mean value to obtain an array of first intermediate mean points;
  • sampling points of the curve segment between the second zero value and the trough are sequentially arranged to form a third sampling point set; the sampling points of the curve segment between the trough and the third zero value are sequentially arranged to form a fourth sampling point set; the third and fourth will be Each point of the sampling point set is sequentially obtained corresponding to the Y-axis mean value to obtain a second intermediate mean value array;
  • the values of the first intermediate mean value array and the absolute value of each numerical value in the second intermediate mean value array are sequentially obtained one by one to obtain an average value, and finally an array or magnetization of the triangular wave excitation magnetic field which effectively represents the change trend between the zero value and the peak in a single cycle is obtained.
  • Array M The values of the first intermediate mean value array and the absolute value of each numerical value in the second intermediate mean value array are sequentially obtained one by one to obtain an average value, and finally an array or magnetization of the triangular wave excitation magnetic field which effectively represents the change trend between the zero value and the peak in a single cycle is obtained.
  • Array M
  • a specific desired excitation magnetic field point (h b h 2 , ... h n ) is set in advance to obtain a magnetization corresponding thereto.
  • to ⁇ is arranged in ascending order.
  • i 1, 2, , n.
  • the waveform segment (excitation magnetic field and magnetization) of the peak to the second zero value in Fig. 3 is resampled to obtain the magnetization corresponding to the excitation magnetic field (H2 H2 2 , ... H2 n ) (M2 M2 2 , ... M2 n ).
  • H is the point in the curve segment that minimizes the absolute value of ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1+1 .
  • the number of collection points obtained is denoted by ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ M2j ) , (H2 2 , M2 2 ), ..., (H2 n , M2 n ).
  • i is 1, 2, ..., n.
  • the number of set points obtained is denoted by ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ +1 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ +1 ), ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ +2 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ +2 ), ..., (H2 n+n , M2 i is 1, 2, , n.
  • the triangular wave excitation magnetic field and the sample magnetization of any continuous period are periodically superimposed and averaged to obtain the excitation magnetic field and magnetization waveform of the magnetic nanoparticles per unit period. It is also possible to average the excitation magnetic field and the magnetization waveform obtained per unit period by N points (for example, 8 points) (as shown in FIG. 3).
  • the average method is to take the average of the first point to the eighth point of the original waveform (excitation magnetic field and magnetization) as the first point of the waveform after averaging; after the ninth point to the 16th point are averaged The second point of the waveform, and so on.
  • the measurement time is divided into a plurality of time periods in advance, and the triangular wave excitation magnetic field and the sample magnetization intensity of the plurality of cycles in each time period are processed as described above, and the real-time measurement is finally obtained to obtain the relationship between the excitation magnetic field and the magnetization intensity.
  • the magnetization intensity Mi of the magnetic nanoparticles under the excitation magnetic field after the mean processing is obtained, and the data points (Mi, M) required for inverting the temperature information are obtained.
  • the actual Fe 3 0 4 there will be some magnetic nanoparticles are ferromagnetic, so that the magnetization curves of magnetic nanoparticles certain hysteresis.
  • the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles is not completely repeated as the excitation magnetic field increases and the two magnetization curves decrease with the excitation magnetic field.
  • the above treatment can avoid the influence of hysteresis on the temperature measurement of magnetic nanoparticles and improve the accuracy of temperature measurement.
  • the choice of the number of cycles directly affects the real-time nature of the temperature measurement. Therefore, a specific value can be selected according to the real-time requirements of the temperature measurement.

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Abstract

一种三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法包括:(1)将磁纳米样品放置于待测对象处;(2)在磁纳米样品所在区域施加三角波激励磁场;(3)检测三角波激励磁场-时间曲线和磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度-时间曲线;(4)依据三角波激励磁场曲线和磁化强度曲线得到磁纳米粒子磁化曲线,即激励磁场-磁化强度曲线,对该曲线采样获得激励磁场Hi下磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度Mi;(5)以激励磁场Hi作为输入,磁化强度Mi作为输出,激励磁场与磁化强度间的关系式作为目标函数,进行曲线拟合从而确定待测对象温度。该方法是基于磁纳米粒子直流磁场下的温度测量模型的,使用三角波激励磁场,快速获得磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线,配合以反演算法,实现基于磁纳米粒子的实时精密的温度测量。

Description

一种三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及纳米测试技术领域, 具体涉及一种三角波激励磁场下基于 磁纳米粒子磁化强度的温度测量方法, 尤其适用于活体内温度测量。
【技术背景】
温度是国际单位制规定的七个基本单位量之一, 也是自然界中物质最 基本的物理量之一。 温度的测量对认知自然界中物质的本质具有重要的意 义。 磁纳米温度测量方法, 是一种全新的、 无创的和非侵入式的温度测量 方法。 它主要通过测量磁纳米粒子的磁化强度, 通过一定的模型关系反演 计算出温度信息。 磁纳米粒子温度测量方法非侵入特性, 使得其在特殊环 境下, 如活体深处和其他密闭空间内, 具有广泛的应用前景。
活体深处和其他密闭空间的温度测量仍然是一个世界性难题, 它严重 阻碍了肿瘤热疗和药物运输等生物医学领域相关应用的发展。 肿瘤热疗技 术是一种无创或微创的、 被誉为 "绿色疗法" 的肿瘤治疗手术。 其主要利 用活体正常细胞和肿瘤细胞可耐受温度的差异性, 来治疗肿瘤。 而药物运 输, 主要是利用载有药物的多聚体包覆的磁纳米粒子, 通过射频加热实现 药物的定点定位定量释放。 在此过程中, 测量和控制磁纳米粒子的温度对 于药物的定点定位定量释放至关重要。 遗憾的是, 目前, 虽然通常环境下 温度 (场) 的测量技术具有高精度高实时性等特点, 已经非常成熟, 如热 电阻等; 而特殊环境下如活体深处, 温度的测量技术, 仍然发展缓慢。 活 体内温度测量技术的困难, 主要在于活体的特殊环境以及其安全性要求, 使得现有的接触式和非接触式的温度测量都是都无法适用。 由此可知, 活 体内温度测量技术的突破, 将会给相关的生物医学应用带来一次技术革命。 因此, 活体内高精度高实时性的温度测量技术仍然是个世界性难题。
有关磁性测量技术的发展, 为解决活体内精密实时的温度测量这一世 界难题带来曙光。 近年来, 磁共振测温学的发展为进行活体内的温度测量 技术提供了一种可靠的方案。 2008年, Warren等人利用磁共振中内部分子 的相干性实现高精度的温度成像技术, 对研究肿瘤热疗和药物运输具有重 要的意义。此外, 2009年 J. B. Weaver利用磁纳米粒子交流磁化强度的三次 谐波和五次谐波幅值比, 通过实验研究实现磁纳米温度测量技术。 同时, 2012年刘文中基于郎之万函数模型, 通过理论模型的推导和实验验证, 利 用磁纳米粒子直流磁化率实现磁纳米粒子的精密温度测量技术。 此后, 通 过仿真研究, 利用磁纳米粒子的交流磁化率完成磁纳米粒子温度测量技术 的理论模型研究。 这些研究为实现活体内精密的非侵入式的温度测量技术 提供铺垫。 然而, 由于缺乏完善的理论模型研究和充分的实验研究, 磁纳 米温度测量技术尚未成熟, 尤其是实时精密的温度测量技术更是缺乏足够 的理论和实验研究。 因此, 实现非侵入式的实时精密的温度测量技术, 仍 然生物医学等领域函需解决的问题。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求, 本发明提供了一种三角波激励 磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法, 其目的在于实现活体内实时精密地温度测 一种三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法, 具体为:
( 1 ) 将磁纳米样品放置于待测对象处;
(2 ) 在磁纳米样品所在区域施加三角波激励磁场;
( 3 )检测三角波激励磁场-时间曲线和磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度-时间 曲线;
(4 )依据三角波激励磁场 -时间曲线和磁化强度曲线 -时间得到磁纳米粒 子磁化曲线即激励磁场-磁化强度曲线,对磁场-磁化强度曲线采样获得激励 磁场 下磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度 Mi, i = l, -, n, n为采样点总数;
( 5 ) 以激励磁场 ^作为输入, 磁化强度 M作为输出, 激励磁场与磁 化强度间的关系式 M, = NMs 作为目标函数, 进行曲线拟
Figure imgf000005_0001
合从而确定待测对象温度 Γ, 其中, N为磁纳米样品的浓度, 是磁纳米 粒子的有效磁矩, 是玻尔兹曼常数。
进一步地, 所述步骤 (3 )还对三角波激励磁场曲线和磁化强度曲线按 照如下方式分别进行对折均值处理:
在曲线中选取多个连续周期的曲线段;
对多个连续周期的曲线段进行周期叠加平均得到单位周期曲线段; 对单位周期曲线段顺序采样;
将单位周期曲线段分为第一零值到波峰、 第一波峰到第二零值、 第二 零值到波谷以及波谷到第三零值四段曲线;
对第一零值到波峰间曲线段的采样点顺序排列组成第一采样点集合; 对第一波峰到第二零值间曲线段的采样点顺序排列组成第二采样点集 合. 将第一与第二采样点集合中各点一一顺序对应求取均值得到第一中间 均值点数组;
对第二零值到波谷间的曲线段采样点顺序排列组成第三采样点集合; 对波谷到第三零值间的曲线段采样点反序排列组成第四采样点集合; 将第三与第四采样点集合各点一一顺序对应求取均值得到第二中间均 值数组;
将第一中间均值数组的各数值与第二中间均值数组中各数值绝对值顺 序一一对应求取均值, 最终得到有效表征单周期内零值与波峰间变化趋势 的一组采样数组。
进一步地, 还对所述单位周期曲线段进行平滑处理, 具体为: 将曲线 段上第 1点的 Y轴值更新为第 1〜Ν个点的均值,第 2点的 Υ轴值更新为第 Ν+1〜2Ν个点的均值,第 3点的 Υ轴值更新为第 2Ν+1〜3Ν个点的均值,……, 以此类推, 一直到整个曲线段完成 Y轴值更新。
进一步地, 所述步骤 (5 ) 具体为:
将激励磁场采样数组 ^H2,〜,D 和样品磁化强度采样数组
(MpMy'Mj作为输入,代入郎之万函数 Μ,· = " co th( >H,. , a = NM, 磁; b = ^ , 以误差值《 = || |2最小为目标,求取变量《和6的最佳值 ^和 ^,其中, kT
S = ^δι, δ2, · ' ·δη 1^ δί cothl bH 为采样点数目, coth() bH; 为双曲余切函数, 上标 T表示转置;
依据变量 b的最佳值 b*计算温度 Γ = ^。
b k
进一步地, 所述三角波激励磁场的频率取值范围在 0.5Hz— 100Hz, 所 述的三角波激励磁场幅值取值范围在 1 OGs— 1 OOOGs。 本发明的技术效果体现在:
本发明对磁纳米粒子样品所在区域施加低频三角波磁场, 同时测量激 励磁场和磁纳米粒子的磁化强度。 由于在低频三角波激励下, 磁纳米粒子 的磁化强度和激励磁场几乎无相位差, 其磁化曲线 (激励磁场一磁化强度 曲线) 可以使用郎之万函数描述。 再利用郎之万函数模型和相关反演算法 (Levenberg-Marquardt) 计算, 从而实时精密地获得温度信息。
进一步地, 考虑到磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线存在一定的磁滞现象, 即磁 纳米粒子磁化强度随着激励磁场的增加和随着激励磁场的减小的两条磁化 曲线不完全重复。 因此本发明对测量得到的特定时间多个周期的激励磁场 波形和磁纳米粒子磁化强度波形进行叠加平均, 以及单位周期内的对折平 均处理, 获得消除磁滞的磁纳米粒子磁化曲线, 进一步提高了测量精度。
总而言之, 本发明利用三角波激励磁场实现磁纳米粒子磁化曲线的快 速测量, 进而通过相关反演算法和郎之万函数模型计算温度信息, 最终实 现快速精密的温度测量。 试验表明, 按照本发明方法的磁纳米粒子温度测 量精度可以达到 0.1K。
【附图说明】
图 1为本发明温度测量方法流程图;
图 2为不同温度下磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线图;
图 3为 m个周期平均之后的磁纳米粒子激励磁场和响应磁场波形图; 图 4为磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线图。
图 5为温度测量误差图。
【具体实肺式】
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图 及实施例, 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体 实施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。 此外, 下面所描述的 本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可 以相互组合。
为了更好地说明本发明, 首先对磁纳米粒子温度测量的原理进行简要 介绍。 磁纳米粒子是一种超顺磁性物质, 其磁化曲线遵循郎之万顺磁定
MSH kT
M =顧, coth co ith(6H
kT MM bH 其中, a = NMs, b = ^ , M是磁纳米样品的磁化强度, N为磁纳米样品的 kT
浓度, 是磁纳米粒子的有效磁矩, H是三角波激励磁场, 是玻尔兹曼 常数, Γ是绝对温度。根据郎之万函数, 可以发现磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线具 有温度敏感特性。 在不同的温度下, 磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线不同 (如图 2 所示)。 因此, 可以通过测量磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线, 并利用郎之万函数的 理论模型和相关的反演算法实现磁纳米粒子的温度测量。 为实时地测量磁纳米粒子的温度, 必须快速地获取磁纳米粒子的磁化曲 线 (激励磁场一磁化强度曲线)。 在高频下, 激励磁场和磁纳米粒子的磁化 强度存在相位差, 并且该相位差受到温度、 粒径等参数的影响, 使得磁纳 米粒子的磁化模型比较复杂, 很难精密地测量磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线。 本 发明研究发现, 在低频三角波激励磁场下, 磁纳米粒子的磁化强度和激励 磁场几乎无相位差, 磁纳米粒子的磁化过程可以用基本的郎之万函数描述。 因此, 可以在低频三角波激励磁场下, 测量磁纳米粒子的磁化强度曲线, 从而能够实时精密地获取磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线, 使得磁纳米粒子温度的 实时精密测量得以实现。
基于上述技术思路,本发明提出了一种三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度 测量方法, 具体为:
( 1 ) 将磁纳米样品放置于待测对象处
对磁纳米样品表面进行修饰, 使其具有生物相容性, 并能随血液循环靶 向至待测活体对象处。
(2 ) 向磁纳米样品所在区域施加三角波激励磁场
利用亥姆霍兹线圈向磁纳米样品所在区域施加三角波激励磁场。 对三 角波激励磁场的频率和幅值均有一定的要求。 由于要进行周期平均以达到 降噪的目的并且每周期内的数据点数不宜过少, 可选择频率/的范围是 0.5Hz— 100Hz。 三角波激励磁场的幅值影响能预先设定的激励磁场的值和 拟合的数据点数《, 可选幅值范围是 10(¾-1000(¾。
(3 ) 同时测量三角波激励磁场和磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度, 利用相关的传感器同时测量激励磁场和磁纳米粒子的磁化强度, 通过 信号调理电路处理, 并利用数据采集卡采集激励磁场和磁化强度进入计算 机, 获得磁纳米粒子激励磁场和磁化强度波形
(4 ) 采样激励磁场 下磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度 Mi
对三角波激励磁场 -时间曲线和磁化强度 -时间曲线采样, 获得激励磁场 ^下磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度 Mi, i = l,-, n, n为采样点总数。
(5) 依据郎之万顺磁定理构建激励磁场和样品磁化强度之间的理论模 型, 再利用相关的反演算法实时计算温度:
以激励磁场 作为输入, 磁化强度 M作为输出, 激励磁场与磁化强度
MsHi kT
间的关系式 M,.=NMs coth 作为目标函数, 进行曲线拟合从而 kT M.H; 确定待测对象温度 Γ, 其中, 是磁纳米粒子的有效磁矩, 是玻尔兹曼常 数。
下面详细说明:
将激励磁场 (H Hf'H")和对应样品磁化强度 (Μ,Μ^.,Τ^)作为输入, 郎之万函数 Μ = α
bH , 是反演算法中所需要
Figure imgf000009_0001
求解的变量, 得到磁纳米粒子样品磁化强度的理论值和实验值的误差为
Figure imgf000009_0002
令 5 = [ 2,… f和 = ^ = 2, 当误差平方和《最小时, 变量《和 b达到 最优解, 此时 F = S'f =0。 设置好初始参数 (α。Α)和终止条件(误差范围, 最大迭代次数等) , 其为经验值, 可据试验结果调整。 通过非线性方程组 求解获得最佳参数 再由 Γ
Figure imgf000009_0003
作为优化, 步骤 (4) 还对三角波激励磁场-时间曲线和磁化强度 -时间 曲线进行优化处理, 首先说明, 三角波激励磁场曲线的 Υ轴值为激励磁场 的离散值, 磁化强度曲线的 Υ轴值为磁化强度的离散。 按照如下方式分别 进行处理:
(41 )在三角波激励磁场 -时间曲线和磁化强度 -时间曲线中分别选取多个 连续周期的曲线段;
(42 ) 对三角波激励磁场-时间曲线的多个连续周期曲线段进行周期叠加 平均, 得到三角波激励磁场单位周期曲线段; 对磁化强度-时间曲线的多个 连续周期曲线段进行周期叠加平均, 得到磁化强度单位周期曲线段;
(43 ) 按照如下相同方式分别对三角波激励磁场和磁化强度单位周期曲 线段对折均值处理, 得到三角波激励磁场数组 和磁化强度数组 Mr,
将单位周期曲线段分为第一零值到波峰、 第一波峰到第二零值、 第二 零值到波谷以及波谷到第三零值四段曲线;
对第一零值到波峰间曲线段的采样点顺序排列组成第一采样点集合; 对波峰到第二零值间曲线段的采样点顺序排列组成第二采样点集合; 将第一与第二采样点集合中各点一一顺序对应求取 Y轴均值得到第一 中间均值点数组;
对第二零值到波谷间的曲线段采样点顺序排列组成第三采样点集合; 对波谷到第三零值间的曲线段采样点顺序排列组成第四采样点集合; 将第三与第四采样点集合各点一一顺序对应求取 Y轴均值得到第二中 间均值数组;
将第一中间均值数组的各数值与第二中间均值数组中各数值绝对值顺 序一一对应求取均值, 最终得到有效表征单周期内零值与波峰间变化趋势 的三角波激励磁场数组 或磁化强度数组 M。
具体的实现过程为:
预先设定特定的所需的激励磁场点数(hbh2,…… hn), 以获得与其对应 的磁化强度。 其中, 到^是按照升序排列的。
对图 3 中第一个零值到波峰的波形段 (激励磁场和磁化强度) 进行重 新采样,获得与激励磁场(Hln+1, Hln+2,…… Hln+n 应的磁化强度(Mln+1, Min+2, …… Min+n)。 其中, mn+1为该曲线段中使得 m^-hi绝对值最小的 点。 获得的集合点数记为 (Hln+1, Mln+1 ), (Hln+2, Mln+2), ……, (Hln+n
Mln+n)。 i为 1 ,2, , n。
对图 3 中波峰到第二个零值的波形段 (激励磁场和磁化强度) 进行重 新采样, 获得与激励磁场 (H2 H22, …… H2n) 对应的磁化强度 (M2 M22, …… M2n)。 其中, H 为该曲线段中使得 Η2Γΐ 1+1绝对值最小的点。 获得的集合点数记为 (Η2Ρ M2j ) , (H22, M22), ……, (H2n, M2n)。 i 为 1 ,2, ……, n。
对图 3 中第二个零值到波谷的波形段 (激励磁场和磁化强度) 进行重 新采样,获得与激励磁场( H2n+1, H2n+2,……, H2n+n )对应的磁化强度( M2n+1, M2n+2, ……, M2n+n)。 其中, H2n+1为该曲线段中使得 Η2η+1 - (-¾) 绝对值 最小的点。 获得的集合点数记为 (Η2η+1, Μ2η+1 ), (Η2η+2, Μ2η+2), ……, (H2n+n, M2 i为 1,2, , n。
对图 3 中波谷到第三个零值的波形段 (激励磁场和磁化强度) 进行重 新采样, 获得与激励磁场 (Hi Hl2, ……, Hln)对应的磁化强度 (Ml Ml2, ……, Mln)。 其中, 为该曲线段中使得 Hlr ( -hn-1+1 ) 绝对值最小 的点。获得的集合点数记为 (Hi p Ml j ) , (Hl2, Ml2), ……, (Hln, Mln)。 i为 1 ,2, ……, n。
综合上面四段曲线的处理可以获得两个集合点数,即(m1,Ml 1 ),(Hl2, Ml2) ,……, (Η1, Μ1) 和 (Η2 M2j ) , (Η22, M22) ,……, (Η2, Μ2 令 Η3」=(Η1」+Η22Μ+1)/2, Μ3Γ(Μ1^Μ2,+1)/2 , 即获得数据点集合 (H ,M )。j为 1,2,……,2n。再令
Figure imgf000011_0001
即可获得数据点集合 (ί^,Μ^ , i为 1 ,2, ……, n, 如图 4所示。 该处理方法 有助于消除磁纳米粒子可能存在的磁滞现象对温度测量精度的影响。
另外, 再对任意连续 个周期的三角波激励磁场和样品磁化强度进行 周期叠加平均, 获得单位周期的磁纳米粒子激励磁场和磁化强度波形后, 还可对获得的单位周期的激励磁场和磁化强度波形进行 N个点(如 8个点) 的平均(如图 3所示)。其平均方法为, 取原始波形(激励磁场和磁化强度) 的第 1个点到第 8个点的平均值为平均之后波形的第 1个点; 第 9个点到 第 16个点为平均之后波形的第 2个点, 以此类推。 这两种平均算法有利于 提高磁纳米粒子磁化强度测量的精度, 从而有利于提高磁纳米粒子温度测 量的精度。
实际测量中, 预先将测量时间分为多个时段, 对每个时段内的多个周 期的三角波激励磁场和样品磁化强度按照上述方式进行处理, 实现实时测 最终得到激励磁场和磁化强度的关系曲线 (如图 4所示); 进而获得均 值处理后的激励磁场 下磁纳米粒子的磁化强度 Mi, 获得反演温度信息所 需要的数据点 (Mi, M)。 实际的 Fe304磁纳米粒子会存在一定的铁磁性, 使得磁纳米粒子的磁化曲线存在一定的磁滞现象。 即磁纳米粒子磁化强度 随着激励磁场的增加和随着激励磁场的减小的两条磁化曲线不完全重复。 而上述处理可以避免磁滞现象对磁纳米粒子温度测量带来的影响, 提高温 度测量的精度。 在特定频率下, 周期数 的选取直接影响温度测量的实时 性。 因此, 可根据温度测量的实时性要求, 选择特定的 值。
仿真实例:
为了研究温度测试方案的有效性, 仿真时采用含噪声的仿真数据对算 法进行测试。 仿真过程中假设磁纳米粒子的有效磁矩 Ms=5.2x l 0—19 (实验时 需反复测定, 由磁纳米样品的参数决定)。 三角波激励磁场的频率戶 20Hz, 幅值 Ha=245GaUSS。每段用于非线性方程组求解的数据点数《和激励磁场的 步长 AH由 Ha决定。 在激励磁场和样品磁化强度上分别叠加高斯白噪声, 高斯白噪声的标准差是 0.01。 仿真时, 每隔 5 °C取一个温度点, 温度范围是 300-340°C。 仿真试验效果请参见图 5, 从图中可以看出磁纳米粒子温度测 量的精度优于 0.1K, 其标准差为 0.05K。 实验证明, 该温度测量的精度对 活体内温度测量具有重要的研究意义。
本领域的技术人员容易理解, 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等 同替换和改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法, 具体为:
( 1 ) 将磁纳米样品放置于待测对象处;
(2 ) 在磁纳米样品所在区域施加三角波激励磁场;
( 3 )检测三角波激励磁场-时间曲线和磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度-时间 曲线;
(4 )对三角波激励磁场 -时间曲线和磁化强度-时间曲线采样, 获得激励 磁场 下磁纳米粒子样品的磁化强度 Mi, i = l,-, n, n为采样点总数;
(5 ) 以激励磁场 ^作为输入, 磁化强度 M作为输出, 激励磁场与磁
MsHi kT
化强度间的关系式 M, = NMs coth 作为目标函数, 进行曲线拟 kT M.H; 合从而确定待测对象温度 Γ, 其中, N为磁纳米样品的浓度, 是磁纳 粒子的有效磁矩, 是玻尔兹曼常数。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (4) 的具体实现方式为:
(41 )在三角波激励磁场 -时间曲线和磁化强度 -时间曲线中分别选取多 连续周期的曲线段;
(42 ) 对三角波激励磁场-时间曲线的多个连续周期曲线段进行周期叠 平均, 得到三角波激励磁场单位周期曲线段; 对磁化强度-时间曲线的多 连续周期曲线段进行周期叠加平均, 得到磁化强度单位周期曲线段;
(43 ) 按照如下相同方式分别对三角波激励磁场和磁化强度单位周期 线段对折均值处理, 得到三角波激励磁场数组 和磁化强度数组 Mr, 将单位周期曲线段分为第一零值到波峰、 第一波峰到第二零值、 第 零值到波谷以及波谷到第三零值四段曲线;
对第一零值到波峰间曲线段的采样点顺序排列组成第一采样点集合; 对波峰到第二零值间曲线段的采样点顺序排列组成第二采样点集合; 将第一与第二采样点集合中各点一一顺序对应求取 Y轴均值得到第一 中间均值点数组;
对第二零值到波谷间的曲线段采样点顺序排列组成第三采样点集合; 对波谷到第三零值间的曲线段采样点顺序排列组成第四采样点集合; 将第三与第四采样点集合各点一一顺序对应求取 Y轴均值得到第二中 间均值数组;
将第一中间均值数组的各数值与第二中间均值数组中各数值绝对值顺 序一一对应求取均值, 最终得到有效表征单周期内零值与波峰间变化趋势 的三角波激励磁场数组 ^或磁化强度数组 Mio
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测量方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (42) 还对所述三角波激励磁场和磁化强度单位周 期曲线段进行如下方式的平滑处理, 具体为: 将单位周期曲线段上第 1 点 的 Y轴值更新为第 1〜N个点的均值,第 2点的 Y轴值更新为第 N+1〜2N个 点的均值, 第 3点的 Y轴值更新为第 2N+1〜3N个点的均值, ……, 以此类 推, 一直到整个单位周期曲线段完成 Y轴值更新。
4、根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米温度测 量方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (5 ) 具体为:
将激励磁场采样数组 (^,H2, ' -、Hn ) 和样品磁化强度采样数组
MpMy'Mj作为输入,代入郎之万函数 Μ,· = " co th( >H,. a = NM, bH; b = ,以误差值《 = ||S||2最小为目标,求取变量《和6的最佳值 ^和 ,其中, kT
1
8 = [δγ, δ2, · · ·δη δί coth{ bH Mi, i = \, - - -,n , "为采样点数目, coth() 为双曲余切函数, 上标 T表示转置; 依据变量 b的最佳值 b*计算温度 Γ = 。
b k
5、根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的三角波激励磁场下的磁纳米粒子测 温方法, 其特征在于, 所述三角波激励磁场的频率取值范围在 0.5Hz— 100Hz, 所述的三角波激励磁场幅值取值范围在 lOGs— 1000Gs。
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