WO2015072470A1 - 発光材料、並びに、これを用いた遅延蛍光体および有機発光素子 - Google Patents
発光材料、並びに、これを用いた遅延蛍光体および有機発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015072470A1 WO2015072470A1 PCT/JP2014/079914 JP2014079914W WO2015072470A1 WO 2015072470 A1 WO2015072470 A1 WO 2015072470A1 JP 2014079914 W JP2014079914 W JP 2014079914W WO 2015072470 A1 WO2015072470 A1 WO 2015072470A1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- -1 1-carbazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 148
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 64
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 40
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002030 1,2-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([*:2])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- VASMRQAVWVVDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical group C1N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 VASMRQAVWVVDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWYPDXLJACEENP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-cycloheptadiene Chemical group C1CC=CC=CC1 GWYPDXLJACEENP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VERMWGQSKPXSPZ-BUHFOSPRSA-N 1-[(e)-2-phenylethenyl]anthracene Chemical class C=1C=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C=1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 VERMWGQSKPXSPZ-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVWPVABZQQJTPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical class O=C1C=CC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MVWPVABZQQJTPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKJKXZFQUCTNQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-iodophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC(I)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 KKJKXZFQUCTNQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 0 Cc1n*(*)nc(**)n1 Chemical compound Cc1n*(*)nc(**)n1 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940083761 high-ceiling diuretics pyrazolone derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical group C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005495 pyridazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a delayed phosphor and an organic light emitting device using a useful light emitting material.
- organic light emitting devices such as organic electroluminescence devices (organic EL devices)
- organic electroluminescence devices organic electroluminescence devices
- various efforts have been made to increase the light emission efficiency by newly developing and combining electron transport materials, hole transport materials, light emitting materials, and the like constituting the organic electroluminescence element.
- studies on organic electroluminescence devices using compounds containing a triazine ring and a carbazole ring can also be found.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 a compound containing a carbazole ring together with a phosphorescent material in a light emitting layer existing between a pair of electrodes constituting an organic electroluminescent element is used as a host material of the phosphorescent light emitting material.
- compounds containing a triazine ring are exemplified as compounds containing a carbazole ring.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe that a compound containing a triazine ring and a carbazole ring is used as a host material for a light-emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence element.
- a compound containing a triazine ring and a carbazole ring is used as a host material for a light-emitting layer of an organic electroluminescence element.
- the compounds described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 can function as light emitting materials. Since the light emitting material and the host material have different functions, the usefulness of the compounds described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 as the light emitting material is unknown.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting material that can achieve excellent external quantum efficiency when used in an organic light emitting device, a delayed phosphor and an organic light emitting device using the same.
- the present inventors have found that a compound group having a specific structure has excellent properties as a light emitting material.
- a group of compounds is useful as a delayed fluorescent material, and it has been clarified that an organic light-emitting device having high emission efficiency can be provided at low cost. Based on these findings, the present inventors have provided the following present invention as means for solving the above problems.
- a light emitting material comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, at least one of R 1 to R 8 is a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 each represents Independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring.
- a delayed phosphor comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [7].
- An organic light-emitting device comprising a light-emitting layer containing the light-emitting material according to [8] on a substrate.
- the organic light-emitting device according to [9] which emits delayed fluorescence.
- R 1 ′ to R 8 ′ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, at least one of R 1 ′ to R 8 ′ is a substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl group, substituted or unsubstituted A substituted 2-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl group, provided that the 9-position of these carbazolyl groups is unsubstituted Ar 1 ′ to Ar 3 ′ each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring.) [13] The compound according to [12], wherein at least one of R 1 ′ to R 8 ′ in the general formula (1 ′) is a substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl group.
- the compound in the present invention is useful as a luminescent material.
- the compounds in the present invention include those that emit delayed fluorescence.
- An organic light-emitting device using the compound according to the present invention as a light-emitting material or a delayed phosphor can achieve high luminous efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is an emission spectrum of the toluene solution of Example 1.
- 2 is a transient decay curve of the toluene solution of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an emission spectrum of the toluene solution of Example 2.
- 2 is an emission spectrum of a toluene solution of Comparative Example 1.
- 3 is a transient decay curve of the toluene solution of Comparative Example 1.
- 4 is an emission spectrum of the thin film type organic photoluminescence device of Example 3.
- 6 is a transient attenuation curve of the thin film type organic photoluminescence device of Example 3.
- 6 is an emission spectrum of the organic electroluminescence element of Example 4.
- 6 is a graph showing the current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics of the organic electroluminescence device of Example 4.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the isotope species of the hydrogen atom present in the molecule of the compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, all the hydrogen atoms in the molecule may be 1 H, or a part or all of them are 2 H. (Deuterium D) may be used.
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R 1 to R 8 is a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring.
- Compound represented by the general formula (1) is configured to include a configured carbazole ring portion comprise R 1 ⁇ R 8, the Ar 1 ⁇ Ar 3 that binds to the carbazole ring portion via the Ar 1 And triazine ring part.
- carbazole ring portion configured to include a R 1 ⁇ R 8 the Examples of the substituent represented by R 1 ⁇ R 8, such as hydroxy group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms Alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkylthio group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, heteroaryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms A haloalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a trialkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a trialkylsilylalky
- substituents that can be substituted with a substituent may be further substituted. More preferred substituents are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and substituted groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms. Or it is an unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- substituents are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, 3 to 12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups.
- R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and R 6 , R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure. It may be formed.
- the cyclic structure may be an aromatic ring or an alicyclic ring, may contain a hetero atom, and the cyclic structure may be a condensed ring of two or more rings.
- the hetero atom here is preferably selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom.
- Examples of cyclic structures formed include benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrrole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, triazole ring, imidazoline ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, thiazole And a ring, an isothiazole ring, a cyclohexadiene ring, a cyclohexene ring, a cyclopentaene ring, a cycloheptatriene ring, a cycloheptadiene ring, and a cycloheptaene ring.
- R 1 to R 8 is a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.
- two or more of R 1 to R 8 may be a carbazolyl group.
- the number of carbazolyl groups bonded to the compound represented by the general formula (1) as R 1 to R 8 is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, for example 1 or 2 Can be selected.
- any of R 1 to R 8 may be a carbazolyl group, but at least one of R 3 and R 6 is preferably a carbazolyl group.
- the site bonded to the compound represented by the general formula (1) on the carbazolyl group is not particularly limited, and the carbazolyl group is bonded to the general formula (1) at positions 1 to 4 of the carbazole ring.
- a 1-carbazolyl group, 2-carbazolyl group, 3-carbazolyl group or 4-carbazolyl group is preferable, and among them, a 3-carbazolyl group bonded to the general formula (1) at the 3-position of the carbazole ring. More preferred.
- the 6-carbazolyl group bonded to the compound represented by the general formula (1) at the 6-position of the carbazole ring is regarded as the same as the 3-carbazolyl group.
- the carbazolyl group bonded as R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (1) may be substituted with a substituent.
- the number of substituents is not particularly limited, and the substituents may not be present. When two or more substituents are present, these substituents may be the same as or different from each other. Examples of the substituent include the same examples as the substituents represented by R 1 to R 8 described above, and preferred examples are also the same.
- a phenyl group or 2,4,6-triphenyl A group having a triphenyltriazine ring such as a group having a -1,3,5-triazine ring and a group having a hexahydro-1,3,5-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine ring may also be used.
- the site to which the substituent of the carbazolyl group is bonded is not particularly limited, but when it has a substituent, the carbazolyl group preferably has a substituent on the nitrogen atom in the carbazole ring structure.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2, and Ar 3 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring in the triazine ring portion including Ar 1 to Ar 3 .
- the aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring may be a single ring or a condensed ring.
- the aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring preferably has 6-20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6-12, still more preferably 6-10.
- the aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring represented by Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 may be the same aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring, or may be different aromatic rings or heteroaromatic rings.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 may be substituted with a substituent.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring, or a linking group in which any two of them are linked.
- the two linked linking groups include a group in which two identical aromatic rings are bonded, a group in which two different aromatic rings are bonded, a group in which two identical heteroaromatic rings are bonded, and two different heteroaromatic rings.
- a bonded group and a group in which an aromatic ring and a heteroaromatic ring are bonded are included.
- the aromatic ring which Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 can take may be a monocyclic aromatic ring or a condensed aromatic ring as described above.
- As the aromatic ring a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring are preferable, and a benzene ring is more preferable.
- the heteroaromatic ring that Ar 1 , Ar 2, and Ar 3 can take may be a monocyclic heteroaromatic ring or a condensed heteroaromatic ring.
- the heteroaromatic ring preferably contains a nitrogen atom as a ring skeleton constituent atom, and the number of nitrogen atoms is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3.
- the condensed heteroaromatic ring includes a condensed ring of a benzene ring and a hetero ring.
- Examples of the ring structure constituting the heteroaromatic ring include a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a triazine ring, a triazole ring, and a benzotriazole ring, and a pyridine ring is preferable.
- the connecting position of the aromatic ring and heteroaromatic ring that Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 can take is not particularly limited.
- the connecting position may be any of ortho, meta, and para.
- Specific examples of Ar 1 (Group 1) are given below.
- the hydrogen atom in each structure described in Group 1 may be substituted with a substituent.
- the following groups are preferable.
- group 2 of Ar 2 and Ar 2 are given below.
- the hydrogen atom in each structure described in Group 2 may be substituted with a substituent.
- the aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring has a substituent
- substituents include a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- trialkylsilyl group having 4-20 carbon atoms trialkylsilyl alkenyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and the like trialkylsilyl alkynyl group and a nitro group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
- those that can be substituted with a substituent may be further substituted.
- substituents are a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, carbon A substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group having 12 to 40 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group having 12 to 40 carbon atoms.
- substituents are a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a substituted group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group referred to in the present specification may be linear, branched or cyclic, and more preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group. Butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group and isopropyl group.
- the alkoxy group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and more preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, butoxy group, tert-butoxy group. A group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.
- the aryl group may be a single ring or a fused ring, and specific examples thereof include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic ring or a fused ring, and specific examples include a pyridyl group, a pyridazyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a triazyl group, a triazolyl group, and a benzotriazolyl group.
- the two alkyl groups or aryl groups may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same.
- the alkyl groups may each independently be linear, branched or cyclic, more preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and an isopropyl group.
- the molecular weight of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is, for example, 1500 or less when the organic layer containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) is intended to be formed by vapor deposition. Preferably, it is preferably 1200 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, and even more preferably 800 or less.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight is the molecular weight of the minimum compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be formed by a coating method regardless of the molecular weight. If a coating method is used, a film can be formed even with a compound having a relatively large molecular weight.
- a compound containing a plurality of structures represented by the general formula (1) in the molecule as a light emitting material.
- a polymer obtained by previously polymerizing a polymerizable group in the structure represented by the general formula (1) and polymerizing the polymerizable group as a light emitting material.
- a monomer containing a polymerizable functional group is prepared in any one of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (1), and this is polymerized alone, It is conceivable to obtain a polymer having a repeating unit by copolymerizing with the above monomer and to use the polymer as a light emitting material. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that dimers and trimers are obtained by reacting compounds having a structure represented by the general formula (1) and used as a luminescent material.
- Examples of the polymer having a repeating unit including a structure represented by the general formula (1) include a polymer including a structure represented by the following general formula (2) or (3).
- Q represents a group including the structure represented by the general formula (1)
- L 1 and L 2 represent a linking group.
- the linking group preferably has 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms. And preferably has a structure represented by - linking group -X 11 -L 11.
- X 11 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and is preferably an oxygen atom.
- L 11 represents a linking group, preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted group A phenylene group is more preferable.
- R 101 , R 102 , R 103 and R 104 each independently represent a substituent.
- it is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom, more preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, and a chlorine atom and more preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the linking group represented by L 1 and L 2 can be bonded to any one of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and R 1 to R 8 in the structure of the general formula (1) constituting Q. Two or more linking groups may be linked to one Q to form a crosslinked structure or a network structure.
- repeating unit examples include structures represented by the following formulas (4) to (7).
- a polymer having a repeating unit containing these formulas (4) to (7) is obtained by introducing a hydroxy group into any of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , and R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (1).
- it can be synthesized by reacting the following compound with it as a linker, introducing a polymerizable group, and polymerizing the polymerizable group.
- the polymer containing the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the molecule may be a polymer composed only of repeating units having the structure represented by the general formula (1), or other structures may be used. It may be a polymer containing repeating units.
- the repeating unit having a structure represented by the general formula (1) contained in the polymer may be a single type or two or more types. Examples of the repeating unit not having the structure represented by the general formula (1) include those derived from monomers used in ordinary copolymerization. Examples thereof include a repeating unit derived from a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as ethylene and styrene.
- R 1 ′ to R 8 ′ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R 1 ′ to R 8 ′ is a substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl group, A substituted or unsubstituted 2-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl group. However, the 9-position of these carbazolyl groups is unsubstituted.
- Ar 1 ′ to Ar 3 ′ each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring.
- R 1 ′ to R 8 ′ can take in the general formula (1 ′) and the substituents that the carbazolyl group can take are the substituents that R 1 to R 8 and the carbazolyl group in the general formula (1) can take.
- the description and preferred ranges can be referred to respectively.
- Ar 1 ′ to Ar 3 ′ in the general formula (1 ′) the explanation and preferred range of Ar 1 to Ar 3 in the general formula (1) can be referred to.
- At least one of R 1 ′ to R 8 ′ in the general formula (1 ′) is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1 ') can be synthesized by combining known synthesis reactions.
- the compound of the general formula (1 ′) can be synthesized by the following reaction.
- X represents a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, and for example, a bromine atom can be employed.
- a halogen atom preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, and for example, a bromine atom can be employed.
- the following synthesis examples can be referred to.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) including the compound represented by the general formula (1 ′) can also be synthesized by appropriately combining known methods, and the above-mentioned known literature (International Publication WO2011 / 132683) can be synthesized. It is also possible to synthesize them by appropriately applying the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. WO2012 / 0797902).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is useful as a light emitting material of an organic light emitting device. For this reason, the compound represented by General formula (1) of this invention can be effectively used as a luminescent material for the light emitting layer of an organic light emitting element.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) includes a delayed fluorescent material (delayed phosphor) that emits delayed fluorescence. That is, the present invention relates to a delayed phosphor having a structure represented by the general formula (1), an invention using a compound represented by the general formula (1) as a delayed phosphor, and a general formula (1).
- An invention of a method for emitting delayed fluorescence using the represented compound is also provided.
- An organic light emitting device using such a compound as a light emitting material emits delayed fluorescence and has a feature of high luminous efficiency. The principle will be described below by taking an organic electroluminescence element as an example.
- the organic electroluminescence element carriers are injected into the light emitting material from both positive and negative electrodes to generate an excited light emitting material and emit light.
- 25% of the generated excitons are excited to the excited singlet state, and the remaining 75% are excited to the excited triplet state. Therefore, the use efficiency of energy is higher when phosphorescence, which is light emission from an excited triplet state, is used.
- the excited triplet state has a long lifetime, energy saturation occurs due to saturation of the excited state and interaction with excitons in the excited triplet state, and in general, the quantum yield of phosphorescence is often not high.
- delayed fluorescent materials after energy transition to an excited triplet state due to intersystem crossing, etc., are then crossed back to an excited singlet state due to triplet-triplet annihilation or absorption of thermal energy, and emit fluorescence.
- a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material by absorption of thermal energy is particularly useful.
- excitons in the excited singlet state emit fluorescence as usual.
- excitons in the excited triplet state absorb heat generated by the device and cross between the excited singlets to emit fluorescence.
- the light is emitted from the excited singlet, the light is emitted at the same wavelength as the fluorescence, but the light lifetime (luminescence lifetime) generated by the reverse intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state is normal. Since the fluorescence becomes longer than the fluorescence and phosphorescence, it is observed as fluorescence delayed from these. This can be defined as delayed fluorescence. If such a heat-activated exciton transfer mechanism is used, the ratio of the compound in an excited singlet state, which normally generated only 25%, is increased to 25% or more by absorbing thermal energy after carrier injection. It can be raised.
- the heat of the device will sufficiently cause intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state and emit delayed fluorescence. Efficiency can be improved dramatically.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention as a light-emitting material of a light-emitting layer, excellent organic light-emitting devices such as an organic photoluminescence device (organic PL device) and an organic electroluminescence device (organic EL device) Can be provided.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention may have a function of assisting light emission of another light emitting material included in the light emitting layer as a so-called assist dopant. That is, the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention contained in the light emitting layer includes the lowest excitation singlet energy level of the host material contained in the light emitting layer and the lowest excitation of other light emitting materials contained in the light emitting layer.
- the organic photoluminescence element has a structure in which at least a light emitting layer is formed on a substrate.
- the organic electroluminescence element has a structure in which an organic layer is formed at least between an anode, a cathode, and an anode and a cathode.
- the organic layer includes at least a light emitting layer, and may consist of only the light emitting layer, or may have one or more organic layers in addition to the light emitting layer. Examples of such other organic layers include a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and an exciton blocking layer.
- the hole transport layer may be a hole injection / transport layer having a hole injection function
- the electron transport layer may be an electron injection / transport layer having an electron injection function.
- FIG. 1 A specific example of the structure of an organic electroluminescence element is shown in FIG.
- 1 is a substrate
- 2 is an anode
- 3 is a hole injection layer
- 4 is a hole transport layer
- 5 is a light emitting layer
- 6 is an electron transport layer
- 7 is a cathode.
- each member and each layer of an organic electroluminescent element are demonstrated.
- substrate and a light emitting layer corresponds also to the board
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited and may be any substrate conventionally used for organic electroluminescence elements.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, silicon, or the like can be used.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- a thin film may be formed by vapor deposition or sputtering of these electrode materials, and a pattern of a desired shape may be formed by photolithography, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more) ), A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- wet film-forming methods such as a printing system and a coating system, can also be used.
- the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture
- Suitable are a magnesium / aluminum mixture, a magnesium / indium mixture, an aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, a lithium / aluminum mixture, aluminum and the like.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is advantageously improved.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced. By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transparent is used. Can be produced.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from each of the anode and the cathode, and the light emitting material may be used alone for the light emitting layer. , Preferably including a luminescent material and a host material. As a luminescent material, the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types chosen from the compound group in this invention represented by General formula (1) can be used. In order for the organic electroluminescence device and the organic photoluminescence device of the present invention to exhibit high luminous efficiency, it is important to confine singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the light emitting material in the light emitting material.
- a host material in addition to the light emitting material in the light emitting layer.
- the host material an organic compound having at least one of excited singlet energy and excited triplet energy higher than that of the light emitting material of the present invention can be used.
- singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the light emitting material of the present invention can be confined in the molecules of the light emitting material of the present invention, and the light emission efficiency can be sufficiently extracted.
- high luminous efficiency can be obtained, so that host materials that can achieve high luminous efficiency are particularly limited. And can be used in the present invention.
- the organic light emitting device or organic electroluminescent device of the present invention light emission is generated from the light emitting material of the present invention contained in the light emitting layer. This emission includes both fluorescence and delayed fluorescence. However, light emission from the host material may be partly or partly emitted.
- the amount of the compound of the present invention, which is a light emitting material, contained in the light emitting layer is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 1% by weight or more, and 50 It is preferably no greater than wt%, more preferably no greater than 20 wt%, and even more preferably no greater than 10 wt%.
- the host material in the light-emitting layer is preferably an organic compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of longer wavelengths, and has a high glass transition temperature.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission, and includes a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer, Further, it may be present between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the blocking layer is a layer that can prevent diffusion of charges (electrons or holes) and / or excitons existing in the light emitting layer to the outside of the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer and blocks electrons from passing through the light emitting layer toward the hole transport layer.
- a hole blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the electron transporting layer to prevent holes from passing through the light emitting layer toward the electron transporting layer.
- the blocking layer can also be used to block excitons from diffusing outside the light emitting layer. That is, each of the electron blocking layer and the hole blocking layer can also function as an exciton blocking layer.
- the term “electron blocking layer” or “exciton blocking layer” as used herein is used in the sense of including a layer having the functions of an electron blocking layer and an exciton blocking layer in one layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense.
- the hole blocking layer has a role of blocking holes from reaching the electron transport layer while transporting electrons, thereby improving the recombination probability of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer.
- the material for the hole blocking layer the material for the electron transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of transporting holes in a broad sense.
- the electron blocking layer has a role to block electrons from reaching the hole transport layer while transporting holes, thereby improving the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer. .
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side adjacent to the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the layer when the exciton blocking layer is provided on the anode side, the layer can be inserted adjacent to the light emitting layer between the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer, and when inserted on the cathode side, the light emitting layer and the cathode Between the luminescent layer and the light-emitting layer.
- a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, or the like can be provided between the anode and the exciton blocking layer adjacent to the anode side of the light emitting layer, and the excitation adjacent to the cathode and the cathode side of the light emitting layer can be provided.
- an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer, and the like can be provided.
- the blocking layer is disposed, at least one of the excited singlet energy and the excited triplet energy of the material used as the blocking layer is preferably higher than the excited singlet energy and the excited triplet energy of the light emitting material.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any one of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- hole transport materials that can be used include, for example, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, Examples include amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- An aromatic tertiary amine compound and an styrylamine compound are preferably used, and an aromatic tertiary amine compound is more preferably used.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material) may have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- Examples of the electron transport layer that can be used include nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be used not only for the light emitting layer but also for layers other than the light emitting layer.
- the compound represented by General formula (1) used for a light emitting layer and the compound represented by General formula (1) used for layers other than a light emitting layer may be same or different.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be used for the injection layer, blocking layer, hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer, exciton blocking layer, hole transporting layer, electron transporting layer, and the like. .
- the method for forming these layers is not particularly limited, and the layer may be formed by either a dry process or a wet process.
- the preferable material which can be used for an organic electroluminescent element is illustrated concretely.
- the material that can be used in the present invention is not limited to the following exemplary compounds.
- R, R ′, and R 1 to R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R and R 1 to R 10 in the structural formulas of the following exemplary compounds each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 3 to 5.
- the organic electroluminescent device produced by the above-described method emits light by applying an electric field between the anode and the cathode of the obtained device. At this time, if the light is emitted by excited singlet energy, light having a wavelength corresponding to the energy level is confirmed as fluorescence emission and delayed fluorescence emission. In addition, in the case of light emission by excited triplet energy, a wavelength corresponding to the energy level is confirmed as phosphorescence. Since normal fluorescence has a shorter fluorescence lifetime than delayed fluorescence, the emission lifetime can be distinguished from fluorescence and delayed fluorescence.
- the excited triplet energy is unstable and is converted into heat, etc., and the lifetime is short, so that it can be hardly observed at room temperature.
- the excited triplet energy of a normal organic compound it can be measured by observing light emission under extremely low temperature conditions.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention can be applied to any of a single element, an element having a structure arranged in an array, and a structure in which an anode and a cathode are arranged in an XY matrix. According to the present invention, an organic light emitting device with greatly improved light emission efficiency can be obtained by containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) in the light emitting layer.
- the organic light emitting device such as the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be further applied to various uses. For example, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescence display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention.
- organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be applied to organic electroluminescence illumination and backlights that are in great demand.
- an organic photoluminescence element and an organic electroluminescence element were produced and evaluated. Emission characteristics are evaluated by source meter (Keithley: 2400 series), semiconductor parameter analyzer (Agilent Technology: E5273A), optical power meter measuring device (Newport: 1930C), optical spectrometer (Ocean) Optics: USB2000), a spectroradiometer (Topcon: SR-3) and a streak camera (Hamamatsu Photonics C4334) were used.
- Singlet energy E S1 A sample having a thickness of 100 nm was prepared on a Si substrate by co-evaporating the measurement target compound and mCP so that the measurement target compound had a concentration of 6% by weight. The fluorescence spectrum of this sample was measured at room temperature (300K). By integrating the luminescence from immediately after the excitation light incidence to 100 nanoseconds after the incidence, a fluorescence spectrum having a luminescence intensity on the vertical axis and a wavelength on the horizontal axis was obtained.
- the vertical axis represents light emission and the horizontal axis represents wavelength.
- a tangent line was drawn with respect to the short-wave rise of the emission spectrum, and the wavelength value ⁇ edge [nm] at the intersection of the tangent line and the horizontal axis was obtained.
- a value obtained by converting this wavelength value into an energy value by the following conversion formula was defined as E S1 .
- Conversion formula: E S1 [eV] 1239.85 / ⁇ edge
- the maximum point having a peak intensity of 10% or less of the maximum peak intensity of the spectrum is not included in the above-mentioned maximum value on the shortest wavelength side, and has the maximum slope value closest to the maximum value on the shortest wavelength side.
- the tangent drawn at the point where the value was taken was taken as the tangent to the rising edge of the phosphorescence spectrum on the short wavelength side.
- Example 1 Preparation and evaluation of organic photoluminescence device (solution)
- a toluene solution concentration 10 ⁇ 5 mol / L
- fluorescence having a peak wavelength of 465 nm was observed as shown in FIG. .
- the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of Compound 1 in a toluene solution was measured at 300 K using an absolute PL quantum yield measurement device (Quantaurus-QY manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.), it was 58.6% before the nitrogen bubble and after the nitrogen bubble. Was 71.2%, an increase of about 13%.
- FIG. 3 shows a transient decay curve after the nitrogen bubble.
- This transient decay curve shows the result of measuring the luminescence lifetime obtained by measuring the process in which the emission intensity is deactivated by applying excitation light to the compound.
- the light emission intensity decays in a single exponential manner. This means that if the vertical axis of the graph is semi-log, it will decay linearly.
- the transient decay curve of Compound 1 shown in FIG. 3 such a linear component (fluorescence) is observed at the beginning of observation, but a component deviating from linearity appears after several ⁇ sec. This is light emission of the delay component, and the signal added to the initial component becomes a loose curve with a tail on the long time side.
- Example 2 Preparation and evaluation of organic photoluminescence device (solution)
- a toluene solution concentration: 10 ⁇ 5 mol / L
- fluorescence having a peak wavelength of 459 nm was observed as shown in FIG. .
- the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of Compound 1 in a toluene solution was measured at 300 K with an absolute PL quantum yield measurement device (Quantaurus-QY manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.), it was 59.6% before the nitrogen bubble and after the nitrogen bubble Was 79.7%, an increase of about 20%.
- ⁇ E ST was 0.16 eV.
- Comparative Example 1 Preparation and Evaluation of Organic Photoluminescence Element (Solution)
- a toluene solution (concentration 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / L) of the following comparative compound 1 was prepared and irradiated with ultraviolet light at 300 K while bubbling nitrogen. As shown in FIG. 5, the peak wavelength was 459 nm. Fluorescence was observed.
- FIG. 6 shows a transient decay curve measured while bubbling nitrogen. Delayed fluorescence was not observed.
- Example 3 Preparation and evaluation of thin film type organic photoluminescence device (thin film)
- a thin film having a concentration of compound 2 of 6.0% by weight on a silicon substrate by vapor deposition of compound 2 and DPEPO from different vapor deposition sources under a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa. was formed at a thickness of 100 nm at 0.3 nm / second to obtain a thin film type organic photoluminescence device.
- An emission spectrum obtained using the same measuring apparatus as in Example 1 is shown in FIG. Further, the transient decay curve shown in FIG.
- Example 4 Production and evaluation of organic electroluminescence device
- an organic electroluminescence device having a light-emitting layer composed of the compound 2 and the following DPEPO was fabricated, and the characteristics were evaluated.
- Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- ⁇ -NPD was formed to a thickness of 30 nm on ITO.
- mCP was formed to a thickness of 10 nm on the ⁇ -NPD film.
- Compound 2 and DPEPO were co-evaporated from different vapor deposition sources to form a layer having a thickness of 15 nm to be a light emitting layer. At this time, the concentration of Compound 1 was 6.0% by weight.
- DPEPO was formed to a thickness of 10 nm, and TPBi was formed to a thickness of 40 nm.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was vacuum-deposited at 0.8 nm, and then aluminum (Al) was evaporated at a thickness of 100 nm to form a cathode, whereby an organic electroluminescence element was obtained.
- FIG. 9 shows an electroluminescence (EL) spectrum (peak wavelength: 489 nm).
- FIG. 10 shows the current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics.
- the organic electroluminescence device using Compound 2 as the light emitting material achieved a high external quantum efficiency of 9.3%.
- the compound in the present invention is useful as a light emitting material. For this reason, the compound in this invention is used effectively as a luminescent material for organic light emitting elements, such as an organic electroluminescent element. Since the compounds in the present invention include those that emit delayed fluorescence, it is also possible to provide an organic light-emitting device with high luminous efficiency. For this reason, this invention has high industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
そこで本発明は、有機発光素子に用いた際に優れた外部量子効率を達成できる発光材料、並びにこれを用いた遅延蛍光体及び有機発光素子を提供することを目的とする。
[2]前記一般式(1)のR3およびR6の少なくとも一つが置換もしくは無置換のカルバゾリル基である[1]の発光材料。
[3]前記カルバゾリル基が、1-カルバゾリル基、2-カルバゾリル基、3-カルバゾリル基または4-カルバゾリル基である[1]または[2]に記載の発光材料。
[4]前記カルバゾリル基が、カルバゾール環構造中の窒素原子に置換基を有する[1]~[3]のいずれか一つの発光材料。。
[5]前記一般式(1)のAr1、Ar2およびAr3の少なくとも一つが、ベンゼン環またはナフタレン環である[1]~[4]のいずれか一つの発光材料。
[7]前記一般式(1)のAr1、Ar2およびAr3がベンゼン環である[1]~[6]のいずれか一つの発光材料。
[9][8]に記載の発光材料を含む発光層を基板上に有することを特徴とする有機発光素子。
[10]遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする[9]に記載の有機発光素子。
[11]有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であることを特徴とする[9]または[10]に記載の有機発光素子。
[12]下記一般式(1’)で表される化合物。
[13]前記一般式(1’)のR1'~R8 'の少なくとも1つが置換もしくは無置換の3-カルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする[12]に記載の化合物。
また、本発明に用いられる化合物の分子内に存在する水素原子の同位体種は特に限定されず、例えば分子内の水素原子がすべて1Hであってもよいし、一部または全部が2H(デューテリウムD)であってもよい。
本発明における化合物は、下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する。
R1~R8を含んで構成されるカルバゾール環部において、当該R1~R8で表される置換基としては、例えばヒドロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルチオ基、炭素数6~40のアリール基、炭素数3~40のヘテロアリール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数2~10のアルキニル基、炭素数1~10のハロアルキル基、炭素数3~20のトリアルキルシリル基、炭素数4~20のトリアルキルシリルアルキル基、炭素数5~20のトリアルキルシリルアルケニル基、炭素数5~20のトリアルキルシリルアルキニル基等が挙げられる。これらの具体例のうち、さらに置換基により置換可能なものは置換されていてもよい。より好ましい置換基は、炭素数1~20の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~40の置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、炭素数3~40の置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基である。さらに好ましい置換基は、炭素数1~10の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~10の置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~15の置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、炭素数3~12の置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基である。
一般式(1)において、Ar1、Ar2およびAr3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環、またはこれらのいずれか2つが連結した連結基を表す。前記2つが連結した連結基には、2つの同じ芳香環が結合した基、2つの互いに異なる芳香環が結合した基、2つの同じ複素芳香環が結合した基、2つの互いに異なる複素芳香環が結合した基、芳香環と複素芳香環が結合した基が含まれる。
以下にAr1の具体例(群1)を挙げる。群1に記載される各構造中の水素原子は置換基で置換されていてもよい。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、分子量にかかわらず塗布法で成膜してもよい。塗布法を用いれば、分子量が比較的大きな化合物であっても成膜することが可能である。
例えば、一般式(1)で表される構造中にあらかじめ重合性基を存在させておいて、その重合性基を重合させることによって得られる重合体を、発光材料として用いることが考えられる。具体的には、一般式(1)のAr1、Ar2、Ar3、R1~R8のいずれかに重合性官能基を含むモノマーを用意して、これを単独で重合させるか、他のモノマーとともに共重合させることにより、繰り返し単位を有する重合体を得て、その重合体を発光材料として用いることが考えられる。あるいは、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物どうしを反応させることにより、二量体や三量体を得て、それらを発光材料として用いることも考えられる。
一般式(2)および(3)において、R101、R102、R103およびR104は、各々独立に置換基を表す。好ましくは、炭素数1~6の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~6の置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子であり、より好ましくは炭素数1~3の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~3の無置換のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子、塩素原子であり、さらに好ましくは炭素数1~3の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~3の無置換のアルコキシ基である。
L1およびL2で表される連結基は、Qを構成する一般式(1)の構造のAr1、Ar2、Ar3、R1~R8のいずれかに結合することができる。1つのQに対して連結基が2つ以上連結して架橋構造や網目構造を形成していてもよい。
一般式(1’)におけるR1'~R8 'がとりうる置換基と、カルバゾリル基がとりうる置換基については、一般式(1)におけるR1~R8とカルバゾリル基がとりうる置換基の説明と好ましい範囲をそれぞれ参照することができる。また、一般式(1’)におけるAr1'~Ar3 'の説明と好ましい範囲については、一般式(1)におけるAr1~Ar3 の説明と好ましい範囲を参照することができる。
一般式(1’)のR1'~R8 'の少なくとも1つは、置換もしくは無置換の3-カルバゾリル基であることが好ましい。
本発明の一般式(1)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子の発光材料として有用である。このため、本発明の一般式(1)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子の発光層に発光材料として効果的に用いることができる。一般式(1)で表される化合物の中には、遅延蛍光を放射する遅延蛍光材料(遅延蛍光体)が含まれている。すなわち本発明は、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する遅延蛍光体の発明と、一般式(1)で表される化合物を遅延蛍光体として使用する発明と、一般式(1)で表される化合物を用いて遅延蛍光を発光させる方法の発明も提供する。そのような化合物を発光材料として用いた有機発光素子は、遅延蛍光を放射し、発光効率が高いという特徴を有する。その原理を、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を例にとって説明すると以下のようになる。
有機フォトルミネッセンス素子は、基板上に少なくとも発光層を形成した構造を有する。また、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、少なくとも陽極、陰極、および陽極と陰極の間に有機層を形成した構造を有する。有機層は、少なくとも発光層を含むものであり、発光層のみからなるものであってもよいし、発光層の他に1層以上の有機層を有するものであってもよい。そのような他の有機層として、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、電子阻止層、正孔阻止層、電子注入層、電子輸送層、励起子阻止層などを挙げることができる。正孔輸送層は正孔注入機能を有した正孔注入輸送層でもよく、電子輸送層は電子注入機能を有した電子注入輸送層でもよい。具体的な有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の構造例を図1に示す。図1において、1は基板、2は陽極、3は正孔注入層、4は正孔輸送層、5は発光層、6は電子輸送層、7は陰極を表わす。
以下において、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の各部材および各層について説明する。なお、基板と発光層の説明は有機フォトルミネッセンス素子の基板と発光層にも該当する。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については、特に制限はなく、従来から有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に慣用されているものであればよく、例えば、ガラス、透明プラスチック、石英、シリコンなどからなるものを用いることができる。
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な材料を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。さらに膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とするものが用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性および酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の陽極または陰極のいずれか一方が、透明または半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
また、陽極の説明で挙げた導電性透明材料を陰極に用いることで、透明または半透明の陰極を作製することができ、これを応用することで陽極と陰極の両方が透過性を有する素子を作製することができる。
発光層は、陽極および陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔および電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり、発光材料を単独で発光層に使用しても良いが、好ましくは発光材料とホスト材料を含む。発光材料としては、一般式(1)で表される本発明における化合物群から選ばれる1種または2種以上を用いることができる。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子および有機フォトルミネッセンス素子が高い発光効率を発現するためには、発光材料に生成した一重項励起子および三重項励起子を、発光材料中に閉じ込めることが重要である。従って、発光層中に発光材料に加えてホスト材料を用いることが好ましい。ホスト材料としては、励起一重項エネルギー、励起三重項エネルギーの少なくとも何れか一方が本発明の発光材料よりも高い値を有する有機化合物を用いることができる。その結果、本発明の発光材料に生成した一重項励起子および三重項励起子を、本発明の発光材料の分子中に閉じ込めることが可能となり、その発光効率を十分に引き出すことが可能となる。もっとも、一重項励起子および三重項励起子を十分に閉じ込めることができなくても、高い発光効率を得ることが可能な場合もあるため、高い発光効率を実現しうるホスト材料であれば特に制約なく本発明に用いることができる。本発明の有機発光素子または有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、発光は発光層に含まれる本発明の発光材料から生じる。この発光は蛍光発光および遅延蛍光発光の両方を含む。但し、発光の一部或いは部分的にホスト材料からの発光があってもかまわない。
ホスト材料を用いる場合、発光材料である本発明における化合物が発光層中に含有される量は0.1重量%以上であることが好ましく、1重量%以上であることがより好ましく、また、50重量%以下であることが好ましく、20重量%以下であることがより好ましく、10重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
発光層におけるホスト材料としては、正孔輸送能、電子輸送能を有し、かつ発光の長波長化を防ぎ、なおかつ高いガラス転移温度を有する有機化合物であることが好ましい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、および陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
阻止層は、発光層中に存在する電荷(電子もしくは正孔)および/または励起子の発光層外への拡散を阻止することができる層である。電子阻止層は、発光層および正孔輸送層の間に配置されることができ、電子が正孔輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。同様に、正孔阻止層は発光層および電子輸送層の間に配置されることができ、正孔が電子輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。阻止層はまた、励起子が発光層の外側に拡散することを阻止するために用いることができる。すなわち電子阻止層、正孔阻止層はそれぞれ励起子阻止層としての機能も兼ね備えることができる。本明細書でいう電子阻止層または励起子阻止層は、一つの層で電子阻止層および励起子阻止層の機能を有する層を含む意味で使用される。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有する。正孔阻止層は電子を輸送しつつ、正孔が電子輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。正孔阻止層の材料としては、後述する電子輸送層の材料を必要に応じて用いることができる。
電子阻止層とは、広い意味では正孔を輸送する機能を有する。電子阻止層は正孔を輸送しつつ、電子が正孔輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は発光層に隣接して陽極側、陰極側のいずれにも挿入することができ、両方同時に挿入することも可能である。すなわち、励起子阻止層を陽極側に有する場合、正孔輸送層と発光層の間に、発光層に隣接して該層を挿入することができ、陰極側に挿入する場合、発光層と陰極との間に、発光層に隣接して該層を挿入することができる。また、陽極と、発光層の陽極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、正孔注入層や電子阻止層などを有することができ、陰極と、発光層の陰極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、電子注入層、電子輸送層、正孔阻止層などを有することができる。阻止層を配置する場合、阻止層として用いる材料の励起一重項エネルギーおよび励起三重項エネルギーの少なくともいずれか一方は、発光材料の励起一重項エネルギーおよび励起三重項エネルギーよりも高いことが好ましい。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
正孔輸送材料としては、正孔の注入または輸送、電子の障壁性のいずれかを有するものであり、有機物、無機物のいずれであってもよい。使用できる公知の正孔輸送材料としては例えば、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、カルバゾール誘導体、インドロカルバゾール誘導体、ポリアリールアルカン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体およびピラゾロン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、アリールアミン誘導体、アミノ置換カルコン誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、スチリルアントラセン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、シラザン誘導体、アニリン系共重合体、また導電性高分子オリゴマー、特にチオフェンオリゴマー等が挙げられるが、ポルフィリン化合物、芳香族第3級アミン化合物およびスチリルアミン化合物を用いることが好ましく、芳香族第3級アミン化合物を用いることがより好ましい。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送材料(正孔阻止材料を兼ねる場合もある)としては、陰極より注入された電子を発光層に伝達する機能を有していればよい。使用できる電子輸送層としては例えば、ニトロ置換フルオレン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、カルボジイミド、フレオレニリデンメタン誘導体、アントラキノジメタンおよびアントロン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体等が挙げられる。さらに、上記オキサジアゾール誘導体において、オキサジアゾール環の酸素原子を硫黄原子に置換したチアジアゾール誘導体、電子吸引基として知られているキノキサリン環を有するキノキサリン誘導体も、電子輸送材料として用いることができる。さらにこれらの材料を高分子鎖に導入した、またはこれらの材料を高分子の主鎖とした高分子材料を用いることもできる。
一方、りん光については、本発明における化合物のような通常の有機化合物では、励起三重項エネルギーは不安定で熱等に変換され、寿命が短く直ちに失活するため、室温では殆ど観測できない。通常の有機化合物の励起三重項エネルギーを測定するためには、極低温の条件での発光を観測することにより測定可能である。
窒素置換した2つ口ナス型フラスコに、2-(4-ヨードフェニル)-4,6-ジフェニル-1,3,5-トリアジン(1.74g,4.0mmol)、9H,9H’-[3,3’]ビカルバゾイル(665g,2.0mmol)、炭酸カリウム(1.11g,8.0mmol)、銅粉末(25mg,0.4mmol)、およびニトロベンゼン15mlを加え,170℃で24時間加熱・還流した。室温まで放冷し,クロロホルム50mlと水50mlを加え、分離した有機層を抽出した。クロロホルムによる抽出を3回繰り返した。クロロホルムを減圧・加熱下留去し、クロロホルム:ヘキサン=1:1の混合溶媒を用いてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによる単離・精製を行った。白黄色固体として化合物3を得た(703mg,収率:55%)。
以下において、有機フォトルミネッセンス素子と有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製して、評価した。
発光特性の評価は、ソースメータ(ケースレー社製:2400シリーズ)、半導体パラメータ・アナライザ(アジレント・テクノロジー社製:E5273A)、光パワーメータ測定装置(ニューポート社製:1930C)、光学分光器(オーシャンオプティクス社製:USB2000)、分光放射計(トプコン社製:SR-3)およびストリークカメラ(浜松ホトニクス(株)製C4334型)を用いて行った。
(1)一重項エネルギーES1
測定対象化合物とmCPとを、測定対象化合物が濃度6重量%となるように共蒸着することでSi基板上に厚さ100nmの試料を作製した。常温(300K)でこの試料の蛍光スペクトルを測定した。励起光入射直後から入射後100ナノ秒までの発光を積算することで、縦軸を発光強度、横軸を波長の蛍光スペクトルを得た。蛍光スペクトルは、縦軸を発光、横軸を波長とした。この発光スペクトルの短波側の立ち上がりに対して接線を引き、その接線と横軸との交点の波長値 λedge[nm]を求めた。この波長値を次に示す換算式でエネルギー値に換算した値をES1とした。
換算式:ES1[eV]=1239.85/λedge
発光スペクトルの測定には、励起光源に窒素レーザー(Lasertechnik Berlin社製、MNL200)を検出器には、ストリークカメラ(浜松ホトニクス社製、C4334)を用いた。
(2) 三重項エネルギーET1
一重項エネルギーES1と同じ試料を5[K]に冷却し、励起光(337nm)を燐光測定用試料に照射し、ストリークカメラを用いて、燐光強度を測定した。励起光入射後1ミリ秒から入射後10ミリ秒の発光を積算することで、縦軸を発光強度、横軸を波長の燐光スペクトルを得た。この燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対して接線を引き、その接線と横軸との交点の波長値λedge[nm]を求めた。この波長値を次に示す換算式でエネルギー値に換算した値をET1とした。
換算式:ET1[eV]=1239.85/λedge
燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対する接線は以下のように引いた。燐光スペクトルの短波長側から、スペクトルの極大値のうち、最も短波長側の極大値までスペクトル曲線上を移動する際に、長波長側に向けて曲線上の各点における接線を考える。この接線は、曲線が立ち上がるにつれ(つまり縦軸が増加するにつれ)、傾きが増加する。この傾きの値が極大値をとる点において引いた接線を、当該燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対する接線とした。
なお、スペクトルの最大ピーク強度の10%以下のピーク強度をもつ極大点は、上述の最も短波長側の極大値には含めず、最も短波長側の極大値に最も近い、傾きの値が極大値をとる点において引いた接線を当該燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対する接線とした。
下記化合物1のトルエン溶液(濃度10-5mol/L)を調製して、窒素をバブリングしながら300Kで紫外光を照射したところ、図2に示すようにピーク波長が465nmの蛍光が観測された。化合物1のトルエン溶液中でのフォトルミネッセンス量子効率を絶対PL量子収率測定装置(浜松ホトニクス(株)製Quantaurus-QY)により300Kで測定したところ、窒素バブル前が58.6%で窒素バブル後が71.2%となり、約13%の増加が見られた。図3に窒素バブル後の過渡減衰曲線を示す。この過渡減衰曲線は、化合物に励起光を当てて発光強度が失活してゆく過程を測定した発光寿命測定結果を示すものである。通常の一成分の発光(蛍光もしくはリン光)では発光強度は単一指数関数的に減衰する。これは、グラフの縦軸がセミlog である場合には、直線的に減衰することを意味している。図3に示す化合物1の過渡減衰曲線では、観測初期にこのような直線的成分(蛍光)が観測されているが、数μ秒以降には直線性から外れる成分が現れている。これは遅延成分の発光であり、初期の成分と加算される信号は、長時間側に裾をひくゆるい曲線になる。このように発光寿命を測定することによって、化合物1は蛍光成分のほかに遅延成分を含む発光体であることが確認された。
下記化合物2のトルエン溶液(濃度10-5mol/L)を調製して、窒素をバブリングしながら300Kで紫外光を照射したところ、図4に示すようにピーク波長が459nmの蛍光が観測された。化合物1のトルエン溶液中でのフォトルミネッセンス量子効率を絶対PL量子収率測定装置(浜松ホトニクス(株)製Quantaurus-QY)により300Kで測定したところ、窒素バブル前が59.6%で窒素バブル後が79.7%となり、約20%の増加が見られた。また、実施例1の測定法により遅延蛍光が観測された(τ1=0.007μs、τ2=0.170μs)。ΔESTは0.16eVであった。
下記比較化合物1のトルエン溶液(濃度2.0×10-5mol/L)を調製して、窒素をバブリングしながら300Kで紫外光を照射したところ、図5に示すようにピーク波長が459nmの蛍光が観測された。また、窒素をバブリングしながら測定した過渡減衰曲線を図6に示す。遅延蛍光は観測されなかった。
シリコン基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paの条件にて化合物2とDPEPOとを異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、化合物2の濃度が6.0重量%である薄膜を0.3nm/秒にて100nmの厚さで形成して薄膜型有機フォトルミネッセンス素子とした。実施例1と同じ測定装置を用いて得た発光スペクトルを図7に示す。また、300K、250K、200K、150K、100K、50K、15Kにおいて小型蛍光寿命測定装置(浜松ホトニクス(株)製Quantaurus-tau)による測定を行って、図8に示す過渡減衰曲線を得た。図8より、温度低下に伴って遅延蛍光成分が減少する熱活性型の遅延蛍光であることが確認された。フォトルミネッセンス量子効率は窒素流通下で300Kにて95.6%であった。
本実施例において前記化合物2と下記DPEPOとからなる発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製して、特性を評価した。
膜厚100nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paで積層した。まず、ITO上にα-NPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。更に、α-NPD膜上にmCPを10nmの厚さで形成した。次に、化合物2とDPEPOとを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、15nmの厚さの層を形成して発光層とした。この時、化合物1の濃度は6.0重量%とした。次にDPEPOを10nmの厚さで形成、さらに、TPBiを40nmの厚さに形成した。次に、フッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.8nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに蒸着することにより陰極を形成し、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。
製造した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を、半導体パラメータ・アナライザ(アジレント・テクノロジー社製:E5273A)、光パワーメータ測定装置(ニューポート社製:1930C)、および光学分光器(オーシャンオプティクス社製:USB2000)を用いて測定した。図9に、エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)スペクトルを示す(ピーク波長:489nm)。電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図10に示す。化合物2を発光材料として用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は9.3%の高い外部量子効率を達成した。仮に発光量子効率が100%の蛍光材料を用いてバランスの取れた理想的な有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を試作したとすると、光取り出し効率が20~30%であれば、蛍光発光の外部量子効率は5~7.5%となる。この値が一般に、蛍光材料を用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の外部量子効率の理論限界値とされている。化合物2を用いた本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、理論限界値を超える高い外部量子効率を実現している点で極めて優れている。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 正孔輸送層
5 発光層
6 電子輸送層
7 陰極
Claims (13)
- 前記一般式(1)のR3およびR6の少なくとも一つが置換もしくは無置換のカルバゾリル基である請求項1に記載の発光材料。
- 前記カルバゾリル基が、1-カルバゾリル基、2-カルバゾリル基、3-カルバゾリル基または4-カルバゾリル基である請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- 前記カルバゾリル基が、カルバゾール環構造中の窒素原子に置換基を有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料。。
- 前記一般式(1)のAr1、Ar2およびAr3の少なくとも一つが、ベンゼン環またはナフタレン環である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料。
- 前記一般式(1)のAr1、Ar2およびAr3が同一の芳香環または複素芳香環である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料。
- 前記一般式(1)のAr1、Ar2およびAr3がベンゼン環である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物からなる遅延蛍光体。
- 請求項8に記載の発光材料を含む発光層を基板上に有することを特徴とする有機発光素子。
- 遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機発光素子。
- 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記一般式(1’)のR1'~R8 'の少なくとも1つが置換もしくは無置換の3-カルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の化合物。
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Also Published As
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JPWO2015072470A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
CN105980517B (zh) | 2019-05-14 |
US20160308145A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
CN105980517A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
TW201522326A (zh) | 2015-06-16 |
US11101433B2 (en) | 2021-08-24 |
JP6472383B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 |
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