WO2015067649A1 - Virtual test optimization for driver assistance systems - Google Patents
Virtual test optimization for driver assistance systems Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015067649A1 WO2015067649A1 PCT/EP2014/073797 EP2014073797W WO2015067649A1 WO 2015067649 A1 WO2015067649 A1 WO 2015067649A1 EP 2014073797 W EP2014073797 W EP 2014073797W WO 2015067649 A1 WO2015067649 A1 WO 2015067649A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- test
- driver assistance
- assistance system
- parameter
- test parameter
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/04—Monitoring the functioning of the control system
- B60W50/045—Monitoring control system parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B17/00—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
- G05B17/02—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems electric
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
- G05B23/0256—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults injecting test signals and analyzing monitored process response, e.g. injecting the test signal while interrupting the normal operation of the monitored system; superimposing the test signal onto a control signal during normal operation of the monitored system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for validating a driver assistance system of a vehicle, wherein tests are run through test parameters for a given test scenario.
- driver assistance systems It is important in the development or testing and validation of driver assistance systems to consider as many situations or test scenarios as possible, which require the intervention of a driver assistance system, in the development phase in order to be able to check the desired intervention of the driver assistance system already in the test phase.
- the dense inner-city traffic is cited, whose complexity makes it almost impossible to take into account all possible situations in the course of the test phase.
- the intervention of a driver assistance system may possibly lead to a new situation, which leads to the intervention of another driver assistance system. This can lead to new traffic scenarios that were not considered or considered in the original test phase.
- DE 10 201 1088 807 A1 shows a method in which a multiplicity of further test scenarios is created from a given test scenario by means of Monte Carlo simulation, ie a stochastic method , For each scenario created in this way, a course with, and a course without intervention of the driver assistance system is simulated. By comparing these two scenarios, it becomes possible to find quantitative measures of the effects of the intervention of the driver assistance system. For example, an accident risk, a risk of damage or the like can be quantified for each of the scenarios.
- the disadvantage is that a result of a simulated scenario has no effect on the simulation of another scenario and the scenarios are created exclusively by the stochastic method. The data resulting from a simulated scenario are therefore not used to improve, change or create another scenario.
- DE 10 2008 027 509 A1 shows a method for evaluating a driver assistance system with regard to its effectiveness already in the planning phase.
- a simulation based on the measurement data of a real accident is performed.
- a sub-simulation is generated which involves the intervention of a driver assistance system.
- this intervention may involve the activation of an automatic braking system with different delays.
- the results, or the outcome of the accident situation are stored as a simulation data record.
- corresponding activation times for an automatic braking system can be calculated, for example, for different delays, which lead to an avoidance of the accident.
- At least one test parameter is determined during a first test and the first test is modified to produce a second test in order to shift the test parameter within a critical range assigned to it.
- test parameter itself is changed so that it lies within a critical range.
- a test parameter such as the speed
- Possible changes are increasing or decreasing the test parameter.
- test parameter is dependent on further second test parameters and that these further second test parameters are changed so that the test parameter is within a critical range.
- the change of the second test parameters can also be done by increasing or decreasing. This makes it possible to indirectly influence a first test parameter and thereby to recognize possible relationships or the interaction of individual test parameters. Indirect influence can reveal interactions, which in turn lead to new possible tests.
- An advantageous embodiment provides that in order to produce the second test, the first test is modified such that the test parameter exceeds an assigned limit value. The modification of the test can be done, for example, by increasing or decreasing the first and / or second parameters. This deliberately provokes the activation of a driver assistance system, which subsequently leads to a new course of the second test.
- the tests in the real driving test and / or on corresponding test stands with an at least partially real vehicle and / or are carried out entirely virtual.
- the driver assistance system is formed from a plurality of individually acting driver assistance systems. As already mentioned in the introduction, this represents the usual state in today's vehicles. If this fact is also taken into account when testing and validating a driver assistance system, this also makes it possible to recognize and take into account the interaction of different systems or their mutual influence.
- a likewise advantageous embodiment provides that real or virtual sensor data are made available to the driver assistance system, that the driver assistance system calculates test parameters from the sensor data, then generates an internal driving situation and the internal driving situation is compared with the real or virtual driving situation. If sensor data was incorrectly processed / calculated by the driver assistance system, a certain difference results between the test parameters calculated for the internal driving situation and their actual values which describe the driving situation. This allows early detection of non-recognized or incorrectly recognized or classified objects by the driver assistance system. As a result, possibly hidden faults in the driver assistance system, which affect the perception of the environment, can already be detected during the development phase.
- 2 shows the relationship between critical area, location of a test parameter, and a changing limit
- 3 shows the inventive scheme of the method for validation of a driver assistance system
- Test scenario 4 is understood to mean a certain frame condition / environment, for example passing through a curve by means of a vehicle.
- Other test scenarios 4 could, for example, include driving on inclines or slopes, or driving straight ahead with an obstacle or other road users on the roadway, and a large number of other test scenarios 4 are also conceivable.
- test parameters P include, for example, the roadway width, which radius of curvature has a curve, road characteristic values such as adhesion and friction values, road surface temperature, air humidity, wind strength and wind direction, with which speed the vehicle traverses the curve, which lateral acceleration the vehicle has, which slip on the vehicle Wheels (possibly at each individual) is present, how big an obstacle is and where it is, where and how quickly other road users move, etc.
- road characteristic values such as adhesion and friction values, road surface temperature, air humidity, wind strength and wind direction
- speed the vehicle traverses the curve which lateral acceleration the vehicle has, which slip on the vehicle Wheels (possibly at each individual) is present, how big an obstacle is and where it is, where and how quickly other road users move, etc.
- the increase or decrease of a test parameter P depending on its property , may have different effects. For example, an increase in speed leads rather to a loss of control / accident, the increase in traction, however, increases the controllability of the vehicle. If further reference is made to
- the test T (n) is formed from the combination of test scenario 4 and test parameter P.
- the test T (n) thus includes where (test scenario 4) a vehicle is to move under which conditions (test parameter P).
- a test T (n) could include driving on a low speed curve on a dry road.
- Another test T (n + 1) could involve driving on the same curve, with much higher speed, crosswind, and spot-on, ice-slippery road.
- a new test T (m) uses a new test scenario 4 and includes, for example, straight-ahead driving, downhill on wet roads.
- test T (n) can either be real, with a vehicle on a test track, a driving on a chassis dynamometer with virtual environment or completely virtual, be performed in the form of a simulation, with mixed forms are also conceivable.
- test parameters P described above are determined by the driver assistance system 3 in a known manner via corresponding sensors. If the environment is virtually simulated, the sensor data are simulated accordingly. From these real or simulated sensor data 3 test parameters P are calculated by the driver assistance system. If, for example, an instantaneous speed is made available to the driver assistance system 3 by the real or simulated sensor data, the driver assistance system 3 calculates a corresponding acceleration or deceleration from the time variation thereof. In this way also test parameters P are calculated by the driver assistance system 3. If an above-mentioned hybrid form is used, test parameters P are also calculated and / or made available.
- a driver assistance system 3 of a vehicle has, as already briefly mentioned in the introduction, the task of reducing accidents or at least serious injuries.
- a driver assistance system 3 without the intervention of the driver, actively intervenes in the driving event in order to avoid accidents and, above all, damage to persons as far as possible.
- a driver assistance system 3 a combination of several driver assistants, so for example by anti-lock braking system (ABS) + Electronic Stability Program (ESP) + traction control (ASR) + Lane Keep Assist System (LKAS) can be seen.
- ABS anti-lock braking system
- ESP Electronic Stability Program
- ASR traction control
- LKAS Lane Keep Assist System
- test parameters P such as the lane width or curve radius of a curve
- test parameters P which are necessary in order to define the test scenario 4 more accurately for the test T (n), for example the specification of the curve radius, if the test scenario 4 is selected as the passage through a curve.
- Test parameters P such as, for example, the speed of the vehicle are initially freely specified, but may change during the test T (n) since, for example, a driver assistance system 3 reduces the speed. It is therefore understandable that test parameters P need not necessarily be predetermined. They can also arise as a result of very different relationships, or change during the test T (n).
- test parameters P can not be selected "directly”, but only indirectly influenced, such as, for example, the slip, which among other things depends on the driving torque of the vehicle. ges and friction coefficient between wheels and road surface is dependent. Also by the intervention of a driver assistance system 3, test parameters P, as already mentioned using the example of the speed, can be changed continuously during the test.
- the driving situation 5 is spoken.
- the driving situation 5 encompasses that state, that position of the vehicle which sets during the test T (n). It results from the predetermined, or during the test T (n) resulting, test parameter P.
- Such a driving situation 5 could stop in the test T (n), which involves driving on a curve with high speed, crosswind and icy road, since the vehicle is skidding.
- the critical range 7 of a test parameter P is the range between controlled driving behavior and an undesired driving situation 5.
- Controlled driving behavior is, for example, a driving behavior in which the intervention of a driver assistance system 3 is not necessary.
- unwanted driving situation 5 for example, the touch of another vehicle, a curb, etc., or the partial or total loss of control is called.
- the critical area 7 is limited by a lower limit 20 and an upper limit 40 for the test parameter P. Below the lower limit 20 of the critical area 7, the driving behavior is controlled and activation of a driver assistance system 3 is not necessary. Although a driver assistance system 3 is already activated above the upper limit 40, the avoidance of an undesired driving situation 5, an accident, or the recurrence of the control is no longer possible.
- a driver assistance system 3 can be activated, and control can be restored by assistance of the driver assistance system 3.
- test parameters P are assigned a critical region 7 in the form of a lower limit 20 and an upper limit 40, within which a driving situation 5 usually occurs, which may require the intervention of a driver assistance system 3, for example a certain amount of forces acting on one of the tires act and which would lead to the loss of traction.
- These critical areas 7 or their lower limits 20 and upper limit 40 can be selected, for example, by fixed values, characteristic curves, maps, and the like, for the individual test parameters P, or also freely.
- the critical region 7 of a test parameter P is not necessarily coupled with the activation of the driver assistance system 3.
- a test parameter P can thus be within its critical range, yet the driver assistance system 3 has not yet been activated.
- the activation of the driver assistance system 3 is coupled to the limit value G of a test parameter P that is within the critical range 7.
- the limit value G of a test parameter P is the value at whose reaching or exceeding the driver assistance system 3 is activated for assistance.
- the limit value G is set by the driver assistance system 3 using diagrams, maps, calculation formulas and the like which are based, for example, on already known driving situations, but may also vary during a test T (n), as described below. This limit value G is within the critical range 7.
- the position of the limit value G is dependent on the selected and / or during a test T (n) adjusting test parameters P and therefore may also change in the course of a test T (n). For example, an Automatic Cruise Control (ACC) ensures that the traffic in the column is kept at a constant distance from the vehicle in front.
- ACC Automatic Cruise Control
- the limit G at which an automatic braking system is activated, is initially dependent on the distance and the speed with which both vehicles move. If increased slippage is suddenly detected on one of the wheels of the vehicle, the driver assistance system 3 starts from changed road conditions and the limit value G at which an automatic brake system is activated is correspondingly reduced in order to avoid a rear-end collision even on a "slippery" road.
- the limit value G does not necessarily lie at the lower limit 20 of the critical area 7, so that a driver assistance system is activated as soon as a test parameter P comes within the critical range.
- the limit value G for the test parameter P "slip lies approximately in the center of its associated critical region 7.
- the slip can therefore assume values during the test T (n) which, although they are within its critical range, through which its limit value G has not yet been exceeded, and therefore a driver assistance system 3, such as an anti-slip control (ASR), does not yet Help is activated.
- ASR anti-slip control
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between critical region 7, its lower limit 20 and upper limit 40, tolerance 30, limit value G and position of a test parameter P.
- a "snapshot" is shown, since, as already explained, the position of a test parameter P and the position of the associated limit value G in the course of the test T (n) can constantly change.
- the location of the limit G initially by the driver assistance system 3 using diagrams, maps, calculation formulas and the like, which for example on already known driving situations Any selected position of the limit value G can be selected by the driver assistance system 3. The closer the limit value G is to the lower limit 20 of the critical region 7, the smaller is the tolerance 30.
- FIG. 2 again shows the relationship in the form of a characteristic diagram, between critical region 7, its lower limit 20 and upper limit 40, and the limit value G for two test parameters P, which are dependent on one another, with the possibility of shifting the limit value G within one test T (n) is shown at two different times t1 and t2.
- the test parameter P (v) represents the speed of a first vehicle and the test parameter P (a) the distance to a second vehicle ahead of it.
- the relationship between the two test parameters P (v) and P (a) is represented by the point X marked in the map.
- the limit value G (t1) has not yet been exceeded, so a driver assistance system 3, for example an automatic brake system, has not yet been activated.
- the speed of the first vehicle, that is to say the test parameter P (v), and the distance to the preceding vehicle, that is to say the test parameter P (a), are not changed and the position of the point X remains the same. Due to the fact that the road However, the situation at the point where the first vehicle is at time t2 is different from the road conditions at the point where the first vehicle was at time t1, for example, due to deterioration of the road conditions due to moisture Limit value G (t2) from the position of the original limit value G (t1). Point X has therefore exceeded the limit G (t2) and the driver assistance system 3 has been activated. This clarifies once again that the interaction of the individual test parameters P can influence not only the test parameters P themselves, but also limit values G.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the method according to the invention for testing and validating a driver assistance system 3 of a vehicle.
- a database 2 for example, various conditions / environments (test scenarios 4) are stored. From the database 2, an environment is used as test scenario 4.
- a test T (n) is carried out in which either no intervention of a driver assistance system 3 is initially necessary or the driver assistance system 3 to be tested, in accordance with its task, acts as a supportive vehicle.
- the test T (n) is defined by test parameters P already described, such as speed, traction, distance to the roadway, etc., in combination with the test scenario 4.
- the driving situation 5 in which the vehicle is located that is to say the predetermined test parameter P resulting from the test T (n) is determined by the driver assistance system 3 via corresponding sensors as already described. If the environment is virtually simulated, the driver assistance system 3 is provided with correspondingly simulated sensor data or the test parameters P.
- the driving situation 5 can therefore include real sensor data and / or virtually created data. Based on the driving situation 5, should this be necessary in the context of the test T (n), the driver assistance system 3 takes appropriate measures to assist the vehicle. As a result of these measures, the test T (n) is influenced accordingly in its course, or test parameter P is changed.
- test T (n) is carried out for the test scenario 4, a certain driving situation 5 results which, as already explained, is defined by the test parameter P selected or resulting during the test T (n).
- the test parameters P are determined, in a real test T (n), for example, read from a control unit or measured by sensors.
- an evaluation 6 of the test parameters P is carried out. As evaluation 6, the comparison of the test parameters P, which resulted from the driving situation 5 during the test T (n), with the critical areas 7 assigned to them is understood.
- the evaluation 6 may, for example, show that a test parameter P has remained below its critical range 7 during the test T (n), and thus has not reached its limit value G, and therefore the driver assistance system 3 has not been used.
- the result of the evaluation 6 thus includes which "positions" the test parameters P have taken within or outside the critical range 7 with regard to its lower limit 20, upper limit 40 and the limit value G during the test T (n) Tests T (n) the exceeding of the upper limit 40 of a critical see range 7 detected, and it has thus come to loss of control, for entering the oncoming traffic area, to collision with another vehicle or another undesirable driving situation 5, the test applies T (n) for test scenario 4 as "failed".
- a driver assistance system 3 should make it possible to avoid a loss of control, an accident, a collision with other vehicles or objects, etc.
- an error of the driver assistance system 3 could possibly exist, or at least potential exist for improving and / or further developing the driver assistance system 3.
- all test parameters P which have been selected and / or which have been established during the test T (n) will be able to better recognize relationships , also the test scenario 4 subjected to an analysis 8, whereby possible errors and / or weak points of the driver assistance system 3 can be detected.
- test T (n) is terminated in the form that, for example, none of the test parameters P has come into its critical region 7 or at least one of the test parameters P has come into its critical region 7 but has not exceeded its limit value G
- all Test parameter P is stored in a result database 10 after its evaluation 6. Even if a test parameter P has exceeded its limit value G, but the driver assistance system 3 has intervened in a supportive and successful manner and thus corresponding directional stability, timely braking to standstill, etc. has been realized, all test parameters P will be in a result database 10 after their evaluation 6 stored. There, the test parameters P are still available for possible later analyzes, for documentation, as a basis for further developments or the like.
- test parameters P are used for a modification 9 according to their evaluation 6.
- the modified test T (n + 1) is formed, which with the original, same test scenario 4, which was also used for test T (n), works, with the difference that any test parameter P, which has been in the course of the test T (n) below the lower limit 20 or within its critical range 7, in the test T (n + 1) with high probability within its critical range 7 or even exceeds its limit G.
- test parameters P can be changed directly.
- a first test parameter P is dependent on further second test parameters P '.
- first test parameter P In order to ensure with high probability that the first test parameter P is within its critical range 7, these, ie also a plurality of second test parameters P ', which influence the first test parameter P, can accordingly be changed, if appropriate directly.
- the process of modification 9 takes place in that, for example, said first test parameter P, if this is possible directly, or those second test parameters P 'on which it is dependent, is changed stepwise, iteratively. In this case, as already mentioned for the first test parameters P, it is possible to increase or decrease the second test parameter or parameters P '. Iterative in this context means that between the individual tests T (n), T (n + 1), T (n + 2), ... there is a modification 9 in each case and so test parameters P, P 'are shifted stepwise.
- the same first test parameter P does not always have to be changed by the modification 9. Because the process is carried out iteratively, the modification 9 is preferably applied to those test parameters P which were within their critical range 7 during the test T (n) but have not yet exceeded their limit value G. Since a said test parameter P yes is already in the critical range 7, possibly only a slight modification 9 is sufficient to exceed its limit value G. It should be noted, however, that it is not possible to predict a safe overshoot, or even exact achievement of the limit value G, because, as already stated, due to a variety of relationships between the test parameters P, their limit values G can also be shifted, or these are not yet known ,
- the new test T (n + 1) thus formed preferably corresponds to a test T (n) in which a test parameter P which has not exceeded its limit value G in the test T (n) now exceeds its limit value G, ie Range between controlled driving behavior and loss of control, with a driver assistance system 3 actively assisting.
- G limit value
- test parameter P actually lies within its critical range 7 or even reaches or exceeds its limit value G. If the corresponding test parameter P has not reached or exceeded its limit value G, a new test T (n + 1) was carried out in which possibly other test parameters P have reached or exceeded their limit value.
- test T (n + 1) On the basis of a test scenario 4, an analysis 8 is carried out, since a weak point of the driver assistance system 3 has possibly been found The analysis 8 can subsequently remedy errors which have already occurred in the development phase of the driver assistance system
- the described modification 9 of the test T (n) can of course be arbitrary often / long, for this reason, corresponding termination criteria, such as a maximum number of modifications 9 of a test T (n) or a maximum test time can be provided. If said abort criterion is met, another environment stored in the database 2 can be used as a new test scenario 4 and a new test T (m) can be carried out. Also for test T (m) modifications of test parameters P are carried out again and thereby further tests T (m + 1), T (m + 2), ... are formed.
- Figure 4 shows a section of the scheme shown in Figure 3 with an advantageous addition.
- the driving situation 5 in which the vehicle is located is determined by the driver assistance system 3 in a known manner via corresponding sensors. If the environment is virtually simulated, the driver assistance system 3 is provided with correspondingly simulated sensor data. From these real or simulated sensor data, the driver assistance system 3 calculates test parameters P or creates an internal driving situation 31 based on the sum of the data provided to the driver assistance system 3.
- a driver assistance system 3 could not prevent an undesired driving situation 5, such as a collision, or if the driver assistance system 3 did not intervene despite the need, or was not activated, a possible source of error is that the driving situation 5 is incorrectly selected by the driver assistance system 3 " This would indicate that the internal driving situation 31 does not correspond to the actual or simulated driving situation 5. The reason for this could be, for example, be wise, the sensor data from the driver assistance system 3 are processed incorrectly.
- the internal driving situation 31 and the real or simulated driving situation 5 can be supplied to a comparison 11. If, as described above, the difference between internal driving situation 31 and actual or simulated driving situation 5 results from comparison 11, and this difference exceeds a permissible, freely selectable value, the result of comparison 11 is subjected to an analysis 8. As a result, in turn, possible errors and / or weak points of the driver assistance system 3 can be detected and their rectification can already take place in the development phase of the driver assistance system 3.
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US15/034,645 US9937930B2 (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Virtual test optimization for driver assistance systems |
EP14796034.8A EP3066529B1 (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Virtual test optimization for driver assistance systems |
CN201480071221.6A CN105849657B (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Virtual test for driving assistance system optimizes |
KR1020167014111A KR102234064B1 (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Virtual Test Optimization for Driver Assistance Systems |
JP2016528140A JP6559127B2 (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | Virtual test optimization of driver assistance system |
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ATA50729/2013A AT513370B1 (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2013-11-05 | Virtual test optimization for driver assistance systems |
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KR20160079839A (en) | 2016-07-06 |
JP2016537626A (en) | 2016-12-01 |
CN105849657B (en) | 2019-01-18 |
AT513370A2 (en) | 2014-03-15 |
CN105849657A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
EP3066529A1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
AT513370B1 (en) | 2015-11-15 |
KR102234064B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
EP3066529B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
US20160280233A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
US9937930B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
JP6559127B2 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
AT513370A3 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
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