WO2015067190A1 - 太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜 - Google Patents

太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015067190A1
WO2015067190A1 PCT/CN2014/090448 CN2014090448W WO2015067190A1 WO 2015067190 A1 WO2015067190 A1 WO 2015067190A1 CN 2014090448 W CN2014090448 W CN 2014090448W WO 2015067190 A1 WO2015067190 A1 WO 2015067190A1
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Prior art keywords
film
mirror
flexible
transparent
solar
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PCT/CN2014/090448
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈义龙
杨清萍
张岩丰
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中盈长江国际新能源投资有限公司
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Publication of WO2015067190A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015067190A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/08—Mirrors
    • G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
    • G02B5/0825—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only
    • G02B5/0841—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only comprising organic materials, e.g. polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/3663—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties specially adapted for use as mirrors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/38—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal at least one coating being a coating of an organic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/42—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of particles only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
    • C03C2217/71—Photocatalytic coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
    • C03C2217/74—UV-absorbing coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
    • C03C2217/76—Hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
    • C03C2218/355—Temporary coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
    • C03C2218/365—Coating different sides of a glass substrate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar light reflection technique, in particular to a solar mirror flexible mirror film.
  • the glass-based mirror is the most widely used.
  • the existing parabolic trough mirrors, hyperbolic parabolic dish mirrors, spherical curvature disc mirrors, and spherical micro-curvature heliostat mirrors, etc. are mostly hot-bent.
  • the surface is made of a glass carrier, and the processing profile is as follows: the flat glass is firstly bent into a curved glass carrier with a set curvature by using a forming mold, and then the curved glass carrier is cleaned, and then a silver metal reflection is plated on the curved glass carrier.
  • the film is further coated with a copper metal protective film and finally coated with a protective layer.
  • the overall advantage of these mirrors for outdoor sunlight exposure is the high reflectivity and a full spectral reflectance of more than 98% for sunlight.
  • the glass carrier is a mixture of inorganic salts, the binding force between the lattices of the material molecules is not affected by the ultraviolet light, that is, it is not sensitive to ultraviolet rays in the sunlight, and the silver-plated metal reflective film on the glass carrier does not exist. It is damaged by ultraviolet light, so it has good weather resistance, strong resistance to ultraviolet light erosion, stable and reliable operation, and extremely high normal service life.
  • Practice has shown that the first batch of glass solar mirrors for outdoor trough power generation have been in continuous operation for nearly 30 years (except for damage due to impact).
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 200680052293.1 proposes an improved ultraviolet-resistant silver mirror for use in a solar mirror, the design point of which is to use a multilayer polymer organic polymer film. Replace the above flat glass.
  • the film structure is mainly from top to bottom: acrylate film (PMMA, commonly known as plexiglass) with UV absorber, adhesive layer, polyethylene terephthalate film (PET), silver metal film , copper metal film and pressure sensitive adhesive layer.
  • PMMA acrylate film
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate film
  • silver metal film copper metal film
  • pressure sensitive adhesive layer mainly from top to bottom: acrylate film (PMMA, commonly known as plexiglass) with UV absorber, adhesive layer, polyethylene terephthalate film (PET), silver metal film , copper metal film and pressure sensitive adhesive layer.
  • PMMA film and PET film are very soft, and they are pressed against Various complex curved surfaces can be formed on the sheet, which makes the large-scale processing, manufacturing, transportation, installation and debugging of the solar mirrors convenient and easy, thereby saving production costs.
  • There are two main disadvantages: First, the composite process of multi-layer polymer polyester film is more complicated. Second, in the polymer organic polymer molecule, the chemical bond C H between the hydrocarbon elements is sensitive to ultraviolet light in the solar spectrum. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet light easily causes the chemical bond to be broken, and the macroscopic expression is polymer organic polymerization. The aging of the object is destroyed.
  • the silver mirror adopts anti-ultraviolet light measures, it will still undergo aging decomposition after long-term exposure to sunlight, resulting in a significant decrease in reflectance. As described in the specification, the silver mirror retains a reflectance of only 90% in the weather resistance test (approximately 5 times the natural daylight). Compared with the traditional glass carrier mirror, which has retained the reflectivity of up to 97% after nearly 30 years of sunlight exposure, there is still a considerable gap, resulting in a significant reduction in its service life.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a solar mirror flexible mirror which has high solar reflectance, excellent ultraviolet resistance and anti-exposure weather resistance, and is soft and light, easy to manufacture, and easy to install and transport. membrane.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide the solar mirror flexible mirror film with long-term outdoor storage, which is not easy to be dusted, easy to clean, stable in operation, and always maintains high reflectivity to sunlight.
  • the flexible mirror film of the solar mirror designed by the invention is a multi-layer film material composite structure, and the special feature is that the flexible mirror film is transparent and flexible in the direction of sunlight incident.
  • the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier film is an ultra-thin flexible glass film or a graphene transparent film. among them:
  • the ultra-thin flexible glass film is a high-tech glass product developed by a person skilled in the art in recent years, and the product "Willow Glass” launched by Corning Company is the most representative. Studies have shown that when the thickness of the glass produced by the stretching method or etching method is several hundred micrometers or less, it will change very brittlely. Very hard, impactable and fragile, and soft, deformable, resistant to high temperatures around 500 °C, not easy to break, while maintaining the glass material is transparent to the sun, the energy is not easily absorbed when the sun passes through , insensitive to ultraviolet light. Therefore, it can be used as a carrier or substrate for a reflective film of a metal material, which can completely replace the polymer polyester film.
  • the graphene transparent film products have also been widely used in the fields of electronic appliances, wireless communication, medical and health, etc.
  • Graphene is a monoatomic two-dimensional planar film composed of carbon atoms, which has excellent flexibility and has more than steel. With a mechanical strength of about 100 times, it absorbs only about 2.3% of its own sunlight, and it can achieve almost complete light transmission. Therefore, it can completely replace the polymer polyester material film as a carrier or substrate of a metal material reflective film.
  • the graphene transparent film preferably has a thickness of ⁇ ⁇ 100 nm.
  • the thinner the thickness of the graphene transparent film the better its penetration performance to sunlight, and the less energy it absorbs sunlight, which can improve the utilization efficiency of solar thermal power generation.
  • the reflective film of the metal material is a silver metal reflective film or an aluminum metal reflective film.
  • the silver metal reflective film has the highest reflectance for 320 to 780 nm sunlight or even 780 to 2000 nm infrared light.
  • the aluminum metal reflective film has a slightly lower reflectance to sunlight, but the aluminum metal reflective film is extremely inexpensive to manufacture, has a large-scale promotion economy, and is also an excellent mirror film.
  • the protective film of the metal material is a copper metal film, an aluminum metal and an aluminum oxide film naturally associated with the surface thereof, a dense aluminum oxide film of aluminum metal and its surface forcible oxidation, or a dense aluminum oxide film with a whole layer of forced oxidation.
  • the thickness of the silver metal reflective film or the aluminum metal reflective film is very small, generally only a few micrometers to several tens of micrometers, especially the mechanical strength of the excessively thin silver metal reflective film is poor, so it is necessary to design a protective film, which functions to protect silver.
  • the metal reflective film or the aluminum metal reflective film is not damaged during processing.
  • the designed metal material protective film is preferably made of copper, aluminum and other ultraviolet light-insensitive inorganic metals.
  • copper and aluminum metal films have excellent affinity with silver metal reflective films, and their reflectances are mostly similar to the wavelengths of the solar spectrum, so they can protect and complement silver metal reflective films. effect.
  • Aluminum metal is easy to form Al 2 O 3 film with oxygen.
  • the dense Al 2 O 3 film has excellent resistance to moisture and acid and alkali corrosion, which is beneficial to maintain the stability of the mirror film and prolong the service life of the mirror film.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive film is a transparent permanent acrylic film or a polyvinyl ether film. Since the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier film and the composite metal material reflective film and the metal material protective film have a thickness not exceeding several hundred micrometers, the flexibility is excellent, and thus the pressure sensitive adhesive can be used for bonding and fixing the film. A variety of complex curved mirrors are created on the surface of a pre-designed curved surface, making it easy to process, transport, install and commission in large quantities.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive peeling protective film is one of a PE film, a PP film, a PVC resin film, a cellulose transparent paper, or a thin kraft paper.
  • These protective films are low in cost and do not conform to the pressure sensitive adhesive, thereby ensuring that the pressure sensitive adhesive adhesive film is not contaminated during processing and handling, and is quickly peeled off during bonding and assembly, thereby improving work efficiency.
  • the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier film is coated with a layer of nano hydrophobic paint.
  • the nano-hydrophobic coating is a water-soluble TiO 2 nano-coating or a water-soluble Al 2 O 3 nano-coating, and the nano-coating can be directly coated, dried to form a nano-hydrophobic film, and adhered to the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier.
  • the surface of the film is waterproof, dustproof, antibacterial, heat resistant, acid and alkali resistant, and UV resistant. It also makes the outer surface of the outdoor solar mirror self-cleaning, easy to wash or compress air. Purged, not sticky, to ensure its high reflectivity to sunlight.
  • the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier film is further compounded with a UV-resistant self-cleaning protective film.
  • the anti-ultraviolet self-cleaning protective film is formed by co-extruding a film of PVDF and PMMA added with a UV-resistant filler.
  • PVDF is polyvinylidene fluoride, commonly known as Teflon, which is transparent to light and has excellent self-cleaning properties.
  • PMMA is polymethyl methacrylate, commonly known as plexiglass, which is transparent to light and has a certain strength. It has an anti-ultraviolet function when an appropriate amount of anti-UV filler is added during film formation.
  • the film of PVDF co-extruded with PMMA added with UV-resistant filler has excellent chemical resistance, stain resistance, UV resistance, anti-graffiti, easy cleaning, and can also reflect sunlight outside.
  • the mirror has a self-cleaning function, is easy to clean, and is not easy to stick to dust.
  • the thickness of the PVDF is preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the PMMA to which the ultraviolet-resistant filler is added is preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m
  • the weight percentage of the ultraviolet-resistant filler in the PMMA is 4 to 5%.
  • the choice of PVDF and PMMA thickness matching is based on the balance of performance and price. PVDF is expensive, and PMMA is cheap and strong. Both of them are co-extrusion blown film composite in the above preferred range, which can ensure self-cleaning, easy cleaning and high strength, and can effectively reduce production cost and obtain excellent performance. Value for money.
  • the invention has the advantages that the designed mirror film adopts a transparent flexible inorganic material which is insensitive to ultraviolet rays of sunlight, such as an ultra-thin flexible glass film or a transparent film of graphene as a carrier film, and the lower layer is compounded with silver metal having the highest reflectivity of sunlight.
  • the solar mirror made of the mirror film effectively overcomes the defects of the traditional glass mirror and the polymer film mirror, and has high transmittance to sunlight, anti-ultraviolet radiation performance, and long-term resistance to exposure.
  • the performance soft, ultra-thin, light weight, simple production, convenient transportation, easy installation, stable operation and long service life.
  • the solar mirror placed outside can also have an excellent self-cleaning function, and is not sticky, Oil resistant, acid and alkali resistant, UV resistant, easy to clean.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the layered structure of a first type of solar mirror flexible mirror film.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the layered structure of a second type of solar mirror flexible mirror film.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the layered structure of a third type of solar mirror flexible mirror film.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the layered structure of a fourth type of solar mirror flexible mirror film.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the layered structure of a fifth type of solar mirror flexible mirror film.
  • the first type of solar mirror flexible mirror film shown in FIG. 1 is the most basic mirror film structure of the present invention, and has a five-layer film composite structure: in the incident direction of sunlight, a transparent transparent inorganic material is sequentially
  • the carrier film 1 a reflective film of a metal material, a protective film 3 of a metal material, a film of a pressure sensitive adhesive adhesive film 4, and a pressure sensitive adhesive release film 5 are provided.
  • the performance of the fracture also has the characteristics that the energy is not easily absorbed when the sunlight passes through and is not sensitive to ultraviolet light.
  • the metal material reflective film 2 is a silver metal reflective film which has the highest reflectance for sunlight of 320 to 780 nm or infrared light of 780 to 2000 nm.
  • the metal material protective film 3 is made of a copper metal film, which has a good affinity with silver metal, and has a reflectivity similar to that of silver metal in each wavelength band of the solar spectrum, and can well protect and complement the silver metal reflective film. effect.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive film 4 is made of a transparent permanent acrylic or polyvinyl ether, which can be firmly bonded to a mirror body of a set shape.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive peeling protective film 5 can be a PE film, a PP film, a PVC resin film, a cellulose transparent paper, or a thin kraft paper of 50 to 130 g, which does not affinity with the pressure-sensitive adhesive film 4, and can protect the pressure.
  • the adhesive adhesive film 4 is not contaminated during processing and handling, and is quickly peeled off during bonding and assembly.
  • the reflective film 2 of the metal material may also be an aluminum metal reflective film.
  • the metal material protective film 3 is still a copper metal film, or a dense aluminum oxide film which is forcibly oxidized by the entire layer, and the structures of the remaining layers are unchanged.
  • the flexible mirror film produced has a slightly lower reflectivity to sunlight, but the aluminum metal material is easy to obtain, low in cost, large-scale promotion economical and practical, and also an excellent ultraviolet light resistance.
  • Mirror mirror film is another metal film, or a dense aluminum oxide film which is forcibly oxidized by the entire layer, and the structures of the remaining layers are unchanged.
  • the second type of solar mirror flexible mirror film shown in FIG. 2 has substantially the same film composite structure as that of the first embodiment.
  • the metal material protective film 3 is an aluminum metal film 3a and an aluminum oxide film 3b naturally associated with the surface thereof, or an aluminum metal film 3a and a dense aluminum oxide film 3b whose surface is forcibly oxidized.
  • replacing the copper metal film with an aluminum metal film can not only effectively reduce the material cost, but also the dense Al 2 O 3 film attached to the aluminum metal surface has excellent resistance to moisture and acid and alkali corrosion, thereby maintaining the stability of the mirror film. Sexuality, extending the life of the mirror film.
  • the third type of solar mirror flexible mirror film shown in FIG. 3 has substantially the same film composite structure as that of the first embodiment. The difference is that a layer of nano-hydrophobic coating 6 is coated on the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier film 1 (ie, the ultra-thin flexible glass film).
  • the nano-hydrophobic coating 6 may be selected from a water-soluble TiO 2 nano-coating or a water-soluble Al 2 O 3 nano-coating.
  • a layer of nano-hydrophobic film can be formed quickly, which is firmly adhered to the surface of the ultra-thin flexible glass film, and has various functions such as waterproof, dustproof, antibacterial, heat resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and ultraviolet resistance. It also makes the outer surface of the mirror placed outside has a self-cleaning function, easy to clean (washed or compressed air purge), and it is not easy to bond dust, thus ensuring high reflectivity to sunlight.
  • the fourth type of solar mirror flexible mirror film has substantially the same film composite structure as that of the first embodiment.
  • the difference is that a transparent ultraviolet-resistant self-cleaning protective film 7 is laminated on the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier film 1 (ie, the ultra-thin flexible glass film).
  • the UV-resistant self-cleaning protective film 7 is formed by co-extrusion of a PVDF film layer 7a and a PMMA film layer 7b to which an anti-UV filler is added, wherein the PVDF film layer 7a has a thickness of 5 to 10 ⁇ m and is added with a UV-resistant filler.
  • the PMMA film layer 7b has a thickness of 10 to 50 ⁇ m, and the UV-resistant filler has a weight percentage of 4 to 5% in the PMMA. It has many excellent characteristics such as chemical resistance, stain resistance, UV resistance, anti-graffiti and easy cleaning. It can also make the outer surface of the mirror placed on the outside have self-cleaning function, easy to clean and not easy to stick dust, thus ensuring its High reflectivity to sunlight. Specifically, considering the performance and price balance of the ultraviolet-resistant self-cleaning protective film 7, it is preferable that the thickness of the PVDF film layer 7a is 5 ⁇ m, the thickness of the PMMA film layer 7b is 30 ⁇ m, and the weight percentage of the UV-resistant filler in the PMMA is 5%. You can get excellent value for money.
  • the fifth type of solar mirror flexible mirror film shown in FIG. 5 has substantially the same film composite structure as that of the first embodiment.
  • the transparent flexible inorganic material carrier film 1 is a transparent film of graphene, which replaces the ultra-thin flexible glass film of the embodiment 1, and the thickness of the graphene transparent film is ⁇ 100 nm.
  • the graphene transparent film also has excellent flexibility characteristics and has a mechanical strength of more than 100 times that of steel, and it also has excellent light transmission properties under the condition of thickness ⁇ ⁇ 100 nm.
  • a transparent hydrophobic inorganic material carrier film 1 ie, a graphene transparent film
  • a layer of nano-hydrophobic coating 6 which is selected from water-soluble TiO 2 nano-coatings to make it resistant to ultraviolet rays and Self-cleaning function.
  • the metal material protective film 3 is made of an aluminum metal film 3a and a dense aluminum oxide film 3b whose surface is forcibly oxidized, instead of the more expensive copper metal film of the first embodiment.
  • the flexible mirror film of the solar mirror of the present invention uses a transparent flexible inorganic material that is insensitive to ultraviolet rays of sunlight, such as an ultra-thin flexible glass or a transparent film of graphene as a substrate, and the following composite reflection on sunlight
  • a transparent flexible inorganic material that is insensitive to ultraviolet rays of sunlight, such as an ultra-thin flexible glass or a transparent film of graphene as a substrate, and the following composite reflection on sunlight
  • the strongest silver metal film or the aluminum metal film which is the second strongest to the sunlight, and then combines the film with the functions of protection and bonding, so that the solar mirror made of the mirror film has the traditional glass mirror
  • It has high reflectivity, anti-ultraviolet light, long-term weather resistance characteristics that are not afraid of sunlight exposure, and has the characteristics of soft, ultra-thin, light weight, easy to manufacture, transport, and install, and also has self-cleaning function. , non-dusting, oil resistant, acid and alkali resistant, UV resistant, easy to clean.

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，呈多层薄膜材料复合结构。镜膜沿阳光入射方向看，依次包括透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜（1）、金属材料反射薄膜（2）、金属材料保护薄膜（3）、压敏胶粘接剂薄膜（4）和压敏胶剥离保护薄膜（5）。透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜（1）为超薄柔性玻璃薄膜或石墨烯透明薄膜。采用此镜膜制成的太阳光反射镜，既具有高透过性能、抗紫外线辐射性能、长久耐侯性能，又具有柔软、超薄、质轻的特性，其制作简单、运输方便、安装容易、工作稳定、使用寿命长。同时，在透明柔性无机材料表面复合纳米疏水涂料（6）或抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜（7）后，还可使置于室外的太阳光反射镜具有自洁功能，不粘尘、耐油污、耐酸碱、耐紫外线、易清洁。

Description

太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳光反射技术，具体地指一种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜。
背景技术
目前，在反射镜设备中，以玻璃为主体的反射镜是应用最为广泛的。特别是在太阳能光热发电领域，现有的抛物面槽式反射镜、双曲抛物面碟式反射镜、球面曲率碟式反射镜、以及球面微曲率定日反射镜等等，大多采用热弯成一定曲面形状的玻璃载体制成，其加工概况是：平板玻璃首先使用成型模具热弯成设定曲率的曲面玻璃载体，然后将曲面玻璃载体清洗干净，而后在曲面玻璃载体上镀一层银金属反射薄膜，再镀一层铜金属保护薄膜，最后涂覆一层防护层。
这些用于室外太阳光曝晒下工作的反射镜总体上的优势是反射率高，对太阳光的全光谱反射率高达98％以上。并且，由于玻璃载体是无机盐的混合物，物质分子晶格间定位的结合力不受紫外光的影响，即其对太阳光中的紫外线不敏感，玻璃载体上所镀银金属反射薄膜也不存在受紫外光照射而损毁的现象，因此其耐侯性能好、抗紫外光侵蚀能力强、工作稳定可靠、正常使用寿命极高。实践表明，第一批在室外用于槽式发电的玻璃太阳光反射镜已连续工作近30年(因撞击损毁的除外)。然而，玻璃太阳光反射镜存在的缺点也十分明显：需要模具热弯成型，制作工艺复杂；安装调试费时费力，使用过程中受外界环境影响较大，在狂风、暴雨、冰雹等恶劣气候下易破损。
为了解决上述问题，申请号为200680052293.1的中国发明专利申请公布说明书提出了一种用在太阳反射镜中的改进的抗紫外线银镜，其设计要点是使用多层结构的有机高分子聚脂材料薄膜替代上述平板玻璃。其膜层结构从上到下主要是：掺有紫外线吸收剂的丙烯酸酯薄膜(PMMA，俗称有机玻璃)、粘合剂层、聚对笨二甲酸乙二醇脂薄膜(PET)、银金属膜、铜金属膜和压敏胶粘合剂层。
上述改进银镜的优点是：PMMA薄膜、PET薄膜均很柔软，将其压贴在刚 性板材上就可形成各种复杂曲面，使得太阳光反射镜的大批量加工、制造、运输、安装、调试均变得方便容易，从而可以节约制作成本。其缺点主要有二：第一，多层高分子聚脂材料薄膜的复合工艺比较复杂。第二，高分子有机聚合物分子中，碳氢元素之间的化学键C＝H对太阳光谱中的紫外光很敏感，长期受紫外光照射容易导致该化学键断开，宏观表现为高分子有机聚合物老化损毁。尽管该银镜采取抗紫外光的措施，但长期在太阳光下爆晒，仍会发生老化分解现象，从而导致其反射率大幅下降。正如其说明书所述，该银镜在耐侯性试验中(大约5倍于自然日光的爆晒强度)，相当于9年的耐侯性试验中保留的反射率仅为90％。与传统的玻璃载体反射镜历经近30年太阳光爆晒还保留高达97％的反射率相比，还有相当大的差距，导致其使用寿命大幅缩短。
如何充分利用上述两种反射镜各自的优点，并克服上述两种反射镜各自的缺点，一直是本领域技术人员亟待解决的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是要提供一种既具有极高的阳光反射率、优良的抗紫外线能力和抗曝晒耐侯性能，又具有柔软轻薄、制作容易、安装和运输方便的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜。
本发明的目的之二是使所提供的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜还具有长期置于室外不易积尘、容易清洁、工作稳定、始终保持对太阳光高反射率的性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明所设计的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，呈多层薄膜材料复合结构，其特殊之处在于：该柔性镜膜沿阳光入射方向上看，依次为一层透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜、一层金属材料反射薄膜、一层金属材料保护薄膜、一层压敏胶粘接剂薄膜和一层压敏胶剥离保护薄膜。
进一步地，所述透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜为超薄柔性玻璃薄膜或石墨烯透明薄膜。其中：
所述超薄柔性玻璃薄膜是本领域技术人员近几年才开发出来的高科技玻璃产品，以康宁公司推出的商品“Willow Glass”最具代表性。研究表明，当采用拉伸法或刻蚀法生产出的玻璃厚度在几百微米及以下时，其将改变很脆、 很硬、受撞击易破碎的特性，转而具备柔软、可形变、耐500℃左右高温、不易破碎的性能，同时还保持了玻璃材料原有对太阳光透明、太阳光穿过时能量不易被吸收、对紫外光不敏感的特性。因此，将其作为金属材料反射薄膜的载体或基材，完全可以取代高分子聚脂材料薄膜。
具体设计时，所述超薄柔性玻璃薄膜较佳的厚度为δ≤150μm，优选的厚度为δ＝100～120μm。超薄柔性玻璃薄膜的厚度越薄，其对太阳光的透射性越好，所吸收太阳光的能量也越少，从而更能提高太阳能光热发电的利用效率。
所述石墨烯透明薄膜产品也已经被广泛应用于电子电器、无线通信、医疗卫生等领域，石墨烯是由碳原子组成的单原子层二维平面薄膜，具备极好的柔性，并具有超过钢铁100倍左右的机械强度，它自身只吸收约2.3％的太阳光，能够做到几乎完全透光。因此，将其作为金属材料反射薄膜的载体或基材，也完全能够取代高分子聚脂材料薄膜。
具体设计时，所述石墨烯透明薄膜优选的厚度为δ≤100nm。同理，石墨烯透明薄膜的厚度越薄，其对太阳光的穿透性能越好，所吸收太阳光的能量也越少，从而更能提高太阳能光热发电的利用效率。
更进一步地，所述金属材料反射薄膜为银金属反射薄膜或铝金属反射薄膜。相对于其他金属反射薄膜而言，银金属反射薄膜对于320～780nm的太阳光乃至于780～2000nm的红外光均具有最高的反射率。而铝金属反射薄膜对太阳光的反射率会略低一些，但铝金属反射薄膜的制作成本极其低廉，具有大规模推广的经济性，也是一款比较优秀的反射镜膜。
再进一步地，所述金属材料保护薄膜为铜金属薄膜、铝金属及其表面自然伴生的氧化铝薄膜、铝金属及其表面强制氧化的致密氧化铝薄膜、或整层强制氧化的致密氧化铝薄膜中的一种。由于银金属反射薄膜或铝金属反射薄膜的厚度非常小，一般只有几微米至几十微米，特别是过薄的银金属反射薄膜的机械强度欠佳，因此需要设计保护薄膜，其作用是保护银金属反射薄膜或铝金属反射薄膜在加工过程中不被损毁。又由于银金属反射薄膜对320nm左右波段紫外光的反射率并非100％，总有少许紫外光透入，因此所设计的金属材料保护薄膜优先考虑采用铜、铝这些对紫外光不敏感的无机金属材料：其中铜、铝金属 薄膜与银金属反射薄膜具有极好的亲合性，且它们对太阳光谱各波段的反射率大部分相近，故能很好地对银金属反射薄膜起到保护及互补作用。而铝金属极易与氧气生成Al2O3薄膜，致密的Al2O3薄膜具有极好的抗潮湿及抗酸碱腐蚀能力，有利于保持镜膜的稳定性，延长镜膜的使用寿命。
还进一步地，所述压敏胶粘接剂薄膜为透明永久性丙烯酸胶薄膜或聚乙烯基醚薄膜。由于透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜及其上复合的金属材料反射薄膜和金属材料保护薄膜厚度之和也不超过几百微米，其柔性极佳，因而可以采用压敏胶粘接剂将其粘接固定在预先设计的一定曲面的物体表面上作成各种复杂曲面反射镜，而使其大批量加工、运输、安装和调试均变得简单易行。
还进一步地，所述压敏胶剥离保护薄膜为PE薄膜、PP薄膜、PVC树脂薄膜、纤维素透明纸、或薄牛皮纸中的一种。这些保护薄膜成本低廉，对压敏胶不亲合，可确保压敏胶粘接剂薄膜在加工、搬运过程中不受污染，在贴合组装时快速剥离，提高工作效率。
作为优选方案之一，所述透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜的上面还涂敷有一层纳米疏水涂料。
进一步地，所述纳米疏水涂料为水溶性TiO2纳米涂料或水溶性Al2O3纳米涂料，这种纳米涂料可直接涂敷，干燥后形成一层纳米疏水薄膜，附着在透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜表面，使其具备防水、防尘、防菌、耐热、耐酸碱、以及抗紫外线等多种功能，还使得位于室外的太阳光反射镜外表面具有自洁功能，容易水洗或压缩空气吹扫，不易粘尘，从而确保其对太阳光的高反射率。
作为优选方案之二，所述透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜的上面还复合有一层抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜。
进一步地，所述抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜由PVDF及添加有抗紫外线填料的PMMA共挤吹膜而成。PVDF是聚偏二氟乙烯，俗称特氟龙，其对光透明，有优异的自洁性能。PMMA是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，俗称有机玻璃，其对光透明，具有一定的强度，其在成膜时适量添加抗紫外线填料即具有抗紫外线功能。PVDF与添加有抗紫外线填料的PMMA共挤复合而成的薄膜具有耐化学性、耐污、耐紫外线、抗涂鸦、易清洁等优异性能，同样可使位于室外的太阳光反射 镜具有自洁功能、容易清洁、不易粘尘。
更进一步地，所述PVDF的厚度优选5～10μm，所述添加有抗紫外线填料的PMMA厚度优选10～50μm，且所述抗紫外线填料在PMMA中的重量百分比为4～5％。选择PVDF和PMMA的厚度匹配，是考虑到两者性能及价格的平衡。PVDF价格昂贵，而PMMA价格便宜、强度高，两者在上述优选范围内共挤吹膜复合，既可保证其自洁、易清洗和强度高的特性，又可有效降低制作成本，获得优异的性价比。
本发明的优点在于：所设计的镜膜采用对太阳光紫外线不敏感的透明柔性无机材料，例如超薄柔性玻璃薄膜或石墨烯透明薄膜作为载体薄膜，下层复合对太阳光反射率最高的银金属反射薄膜或对太阳光反射率次高的铝金属反射薄膜，并依次复合金属材料保护薄膜和压敏胶粘接剂薄膜，从而使所制得的镜膜具有极好的柔性，可作任意曲面形状的形变。采用此镜膜制成的太阳光反射镜，有效克服了传统玻璃反射镜和高分子聚合薄膜镜各自的缺陷，既具有对太阳光的高透过性能、抗紫外线辐射性能、不惧曝晒长久耐侯的性能，又具有柔软、超薄、质轻的特性，其制作简单、运输方便、安装容易、工作稳定、使用寿命长。同时，在透明柔性无机材料表面涂敷一层纳米疏水涂料或复合一层抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜后，还可使置于室外的太阳光反射镜具有极佳的自洁功能，不粘尘、耐油污、耐酸碱、耐紫外线、易清洁。
附图说明
图1为第一种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜的层状结构示意图。
图2为第二种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜的层状结构示意图。
图3为第三种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜的层状结构示意图。
图4是第四种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜的层状结构示意图。
图5为第五种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜的层状结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述，所描述的实施 例不追求全部穷举，只列出典型案例。
实施例1：
如图1所示的第一种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，是本发明最基础的镜膜结构，它具有五层薄膜复合结构：沿阳光入射方向上看，依次为一层透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜1、一层金属材料反射薄膜2、一层金属材料保护薄膜3、一层压敏胶粘接剂薄膜4和一层压敏胶剥离保护薄膜5。其中，透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜1采用市售商品名为“Willow Glass”的超薄柔性玻璃薄膜，该超薄柔性玻璃薄膜的厚度δ＝100μm，其不仅具有柔软、可形变、耐高温、不易破碎的性能，还具有太阳光穿过时能量不易被吸收、对紫外光不敏感的特性。金属材料反射薄膜2采用银金属反射薄膜，其对于320～780nm的太阳光乃至于780～2000nm的红外光均具有最高的反射率。金属材料保护薄膜3采用铜金属薄膜，其与银金属具有很好的亲合性，并对太阳光谱各波段的反射率与银金属相近，能够很好地对银金属反射薄膜起到保护及互补作用。压敏胶粘接剂薄膜4采用透明永久性丙烯酸胶或聚乙烯基醚制成，其可牢固粘接在设定形状的镜体上。压敏胶剥离保护薄膜5则可采用PE薄膜、PP薄膜、PVC树脂薄膜、纤维素透明纸、或50～130g的薄牛皮纸，其对压敏胶粘接剂薄膜4不亲合，可保护压敏胶粘接剂薄膜4在加工、搬运过程中不受污染，在粘贴装配时迅速剥离。
本实施例中，金属材料反射薄膜2也可以选用铝金属反射薄膜，金属材料保护薄膜3仍然采用铜金属薄膜，或者采用整层强制氧化的致密氧化铝薄膜，其余各层的结构不变。这样，所制得的柔性镜膜对太阳光的反射率会略低一些，但铝金属原料易得、成本低廉、具有大规模推广的经济性和实用性，也是一款比较优秀的耐紫外光反射镜镜膜。
实施例2：
如图2所示的第二种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其薄膜复合结构与实施例1基本相同。不同的是金属材料保护薄膜3为铝金属薄膜3a及其表面自然伴生的氧化铝薄膜3b、或者是铝金属薄膜3a及其表面强制氧化的致密氧化铝薄膜3b。这样，用铝金属薄膜取代铜金属薄膜，不仅可以有效降低材料成本，而且附着在铝金属表面的致密Al2O3薄膜具有极好的抗潮湿及抗酸碱腐蚀能力，从 而保持镜膜的稳定性，延长镜膜的使用寿命。
实施例3：
如图3所示的第三种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其薄膜复合结构与实施例1基本相同。不同的是在透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜1(即超薄柔性玻璃薄膜)的上面涂敷有一层纳米疏水涂料6。所述纳米疏水涂料6可以选用水溶性TiO2纳米涂料，也可以选用水溶性Al2O3纳米涂料。这种涂料直接涂敷时可很快形成一层纳米疏水薄膜，其牢固附着在超薄柔性玻璃薄膜表面，具备防水、防尘、防菌、耐热、耐酸碱，抗紫外线等多种功能，还使得置于室外的反射镜外表面具有自洁功能，容易清洁(水洗或压缩空气吹扫)，不易粘结灰尘，从而可确保其对太阳光的高反射率。
实施例4：
如图4所示的第四种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其薄膜复合结构与实施例1基本相同。不同的是在透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜1(即超薄柔性玻璃薄膜)的上面复合有一层抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜7。所述抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜7由PVDF薄膜层7a及添加有抗紫外线填料的PMMA薄膜层7b共挤吹膜而成，其中：PVDF薄膜层7a的厚度为5～10μm，添加有抗紫外线填料的PMMA薄膜层7b的厚度为10～50μm，且抗紫外线填料在PMMA中的重量百分比为4～5％。其具有耐化学腐蚀、耐污、耐紫外线、抗涂鸦和易清洁等多种优异特性，同样可使置于室外的反射镜外表面具有自洁功能，容易清洁，不易粘尘，从而可保证其对太阳光的高反射率。具体地，综合考虑抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜7的性能及价格平衡，优选PVDF薄膜层7a的厚度为5μm，PMMA薄膜层7b的厚度为30μm，抗紫外线填料在PMMA中的重量百分比为5％，即可获得优异的性价比。
实施例5：
如图5所示的第五种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其薄膜复合结构与实施例1基本相同。不同的是：其一，透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜1选用石墨烯透明薄膜，取代了实施例1中的超薄柔性玻璃薄膜，石墨烯透明薄膜的厚度δ≤100nm。石墨烯透明薄膜也具有极好的柔性特征，并有超过钢铁100倍以上的机械强度， 其在厚度δ≤100nm的状况下也具有极好的透光性能。其二，在透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜1(即石墨烯透明薄膜)的上面涂敷有一层纳米疏水涂料6，所述纳米疏水涂料6选用水溶性TiO2纳米涂料，以使其具有抗紫外线和自洁功能。其三，金属材料保护薄膜3选用铝金属薄膜3a及其表面强制氧化的致密氧化铝薄膜3b，取代了实施例1中价格较贵的铜金属薄膜。
综上所述，本发明的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，由于采用了对太阳光紫外线不敏感的透明柔性无机材料如超薄柔性玻璃或石墨烯透明薄膜作为基材，下面复合对太阳光反射最强的银金属膜或对太阳光反射次强的铝金属膜，再复合具有保护、粘接等功能的薄膜，从而使得用此镜膜制成的太阳光反射镜，既具有传统玻璃反射镜的高反射率、抗紫外线、不怕阳光曝晒的长久耐侯特征，又具有类似于高分子聚合物薄膜柔软、超薄、重量轻、制作、运输、安装等方便容易的特征，同时还具有自洁功能，不粘尘、耐油污、耐酸碱、耐紫外线、易清洁。
以上虽然已经说明了本发明的数种优选实施例，但本发明并不局限于此。由于本发明各膜层不同材料选项会派生出多种不同的结构，其功能也是相类似的，在此不予逐一详细描述。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，呈多层薄膜材料复合结构，其特征在于：该柔性镜膜沿阳光入射方向看，依次为一层透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜(1)、一层金属材料反射薄膜(2)、一层金属材料保护薄膜(3)、一层压敏胶粘接剂薄膜(4)和一层压敏胶剥离保护薄膜(5)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜(1)为超薄柔性玻璃薄膜或石墨烯透明薄膜。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述超薄柔性玻璃薄膜的厚度δ≤150μm。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述超薄柔性玻璃薄膜的厚度δ＝100～120μm。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述石墨烯透明薄膜的厚度δ≤100nm。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述金属材料反射薄膜(2)为银金属反射薄膜或铝金属反射薄膜。
  7. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述金属材料保护薄膜(3)为铜金属薄膜、铝金属及其表面自然伴生的氧化铝薄膜、铝金属及其表面强制氧化的致密氧化铝薄膜、或整层强制氧化的致密氧化铝薄膜。
  8. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在 于：所述压敏胶粘接剂薄膜(4)为透明永久性丙烯酸胶薄膜或聚乙烯基醚薄膜。
  9. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述压敏胶剥离保护薄膜(5)为PE薄膜、PP薄膜、PVC树脂薄膜、纤维素透明纸、或薄牛皮纸。
  10. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜(1)的上面涂敷有一层纳米疏水涂料(6)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述纳米疏水涂料(6)为水溶性TiO2纳米涂料或水溶性Al2O3纳米涂料。
  12. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述透明柔性无机材料载体薄膜(1)的上面复合有一层抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜(7)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述抗紫外线自洁保护薄膜(7)由PVDF及添加有抗紫外线填料的PMMA共挤吹膜而成。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的太阳光反射镜柔性镜膜，其特征在于：所述PVDF的厚度为5～10μm，所述添加有抗紫外线填料的PMMA厚度为10～50μm，且所述抗紫外线填料在PMMA中的重量百分比为4～5％。
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