WO2015064016A1 - 車両システム、車載装置、及び携帯機 - Google Patents
車両システム、車載装置、及び携帯機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015064016A1 WO2015064016A1 PCT/JP2014/005069 JP2014005069W WO2015064016A1 WO 2015064016 A1 WO2015064016 A1 WO 2015064016A1 JP 2014005069 W JP2014005069 W JP 2014005069W WO 2015064016 A1 WO2015064016 A1 WO 2015064016A1
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- vehicle
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- portable device
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- strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
- B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B49/00—Electric permutation locks; Circuits therefor ; Mechanical aspects of electronic locks; Mechanical keys therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/00555—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks comprising means to detect or avoid relay attacks
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a vehicle system that performs authentication by wireless communication between an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle and a portable device carried by a user, and an in-vehicle device and a portable device included in the vehicle system.
- a smart system that controls a vehicle by using wireless communication between a portable device carried by a user and an in-vehicle device is known.
- a request signal transmitted from the in-vehicle device is received by the portable device, and an answer signal is returned from the portable device to the vehicle, thereby performing smart driving such as unlocking the door and starting the vehicle driving device.
- a suspicious person may indirectly implement communication between the portable device and the in-vehicle device using a repeater to perform code verification and cause the vehicle to perform smart driving. ing.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique as a countermeasure against a relay attack.
- signals from a plurality of transmission antennas of an in-vehicle device provided at different positions of a vehicle are received by a plurality of reception antennas of a portable device.
- the relay attack is determined from the intensity ratio of the received signals between the receiving antennas.
- the portable device must be able to receive any of the signals from the plurality of transmission antennas of the in-vehicle device. Therefore, the plurality of transmission antennas of the in-vehicle device must be provided so that most of the mutual transmission ranges overlap each other.
- the inventors of the present application have found the following regarding a vehicle system that performs authentication by wireless communication, and an in-vehicle device and a portable device included in the vehicle system.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is to prevent damage caused by a relay attack while suppressing the rearrangement of the transmission antenna on the vehicle side and the power consumption to be smaller.
- a vehicle system includes a vehicle-mounted device mounted on a vehicle and a portable device that is carried by a user, and wirelessly transmits and receives signals between the vehicle-mounted device and the portable device on radio waves. It is a vehicle system which controls a vehicle according to the result of collation using communication.
- the in-vehicle device transmits a first signal that can specify signal strength information, which is information about the signal strength of the second signal that is transmitted after the transmission of the first signal, from the vehicle-side transmission antenna disposed in the vehicle. Then, the vehicle side transmission process part which transmits a 2nd signal so that it may become a signal strength according to signal strength information is provided.
- the portable device includes a portable device-side receiving antenna that receives a signal transmitted from the vehicle-side transmitting antenna, a signal strength measuring unit that measures the signal strength of the signal received by the portable device-side receiving antenna following the first signal, Based on the signal strength information about the signal strength of the second signal that can be identified from the first signal received by the portable device-side receiving antenna and the signal strength actually measured by the signal strength measuring unit, the vehicle is mounted for verification.
- a reply determination unit that determines whether or not to reply to the apparatus.
- an in-vehicle device and a portable device used in a vehicle system are provided.
- the signal strength information regarding the signal strength of the second signal can be specified by the first signal transmitted from the in-vehicle device to the portable device prior to the transmission of the second signal. . Then, for verification based on the signal strength information about the signal strength of the second signal, which can be identified from the first signal received by the mobile device side receiving antenna, and the signal strength actually measured by the signal strength measuring unit. It is determined whether or not to reply to the in-vehicle device.
- the intensity ratio of each signal transmitted from different vehicle-side transmission antennas is not required, even when a plurality of vehicle-side transmission antennas are provided at different positions of the vehicle, It is not necessary for most of the transmission ranges of the vehicle-side transmission antennas to overlap each other. Therefore, it is not necessary to make the arrangement different from the arrangement of the transmission antenna on the vehicle side in a general smart system, or to significantly increase the antenna output of the transmission antenna on the vehicle side.
- the vehicle-mounted apparatus and portable device which concern on an example of this indication are used for the vehicle system mentioned above, it is by relay attack, restraining the arrangement change and power consumption of the transmission antenna on the vehicle side smaller. It becomes possible to prevent damage.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electronic key system.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the vehicle-side control unit.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electronic key.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the key-side control unit.
- FIG. 5A is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a process flow related to a smart function in an electronic key system;
- FIG. 5B is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a process flow related to the smart function in the electronic key system;
- FIG. 5A is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a process flow related to a smart function in an electronic key system;
- FIG. 5B is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a process flow related to the smart function in the electronic key system;
- FIG. 5A is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a process flow related to a smart function in
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the intensity specifying area and the relative intensity specifying area.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram for explaining a hopping pattern specific region;
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram for explaining the hopping pattern specific region,
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an outline of transmission timing of a signal transmitted in the electronic key system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electronic key system 100.
- An electronic key system 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a body control module (hereinafter referred to as BCM) 10 mounted on a vehicle and an electronic key 20 carried by a user.
- the BCM 10 corresponds to the in-vehicle device of the present disclosure
- the electronic key 20 corresponds to the portable device of the present disclosure
- the electronic key system 100 corresponds to the vehicle system of the present disclosure.
- the electronic key system 100 has a smart function like a general smart system.
- the smart function refers to a function that performs code verification by wireless communication between the BCM 10 and the electronic key 20 and performs lock control and unlock control of the vehicle door and start permission when the verification is established.
- the BCM 10 includes an LF transmission unit 11, an RF transmission unit 12, an RF reception unit 13, and a vehicle side control unit 14, as shown in FIG.
- the LF transmitting unit 11 is connected to an LF antenna 31 as a transmitting antenna for transmitting a signal using an LF band radio wave.
- an LF antenna 31 is shown for convenience, but a plurality of LF antennas 31 may be arranged near the side door or in the trunk.
- the LF antenna 31 corresponds to the vehicle-side transmission antenna of the present disclosure.
- the LF transmission unit 11 transmits the signal input from the vehicle side control unit 14 from the LF antenna 31 on the LF band radio wave.
- a configuration may be employed in which a signal is transmitted over a 125 kHz band radio wave.
- the RF transmission unit 12 and the RF reception unit 13 are connected to an RF antenna 32 as a transmission / reception antenna for transmitting and receiving signals using radio waves in the UHF band.
- the RF transmission unit 12 transmits a signal input from the vehicle side control unit 14 from the RF antenna 32 on the UHF band radio wave.
- a configuration may be adopted in which a signal is transmitted over a 315 MHz band radio wave.
- the RF reception unit 13 determines the reception frequency by the vehicle-side control unit 14 and performs processing such as amplification and demodulation on the signal received by the RF antenna 32.
- the RF antenna 32 also corresponds to the vehicle-side reception antenna of the present disclosure, and the RF reception unit 13 corresponds to the vehicle-side reception unit of the present disclosure.
- the vehicle-side control unit 14 is mainly composed of a microcomputer including a CPU, ROM, RAM, backup RAM, I / O, etc. (all not shown), and executes various control programs stored in the ROM. In this step, various processes are executed.
- Connected to the vehicle-side control unit 14 are an LF transmission unit 11, an RF transmission unit 12, an RF reception unit 13, a door switch 33, a door opening / closing detection unit 34, a door locking detection unit 35, and a door locking / unlocking unit 36. .
- the vehicle-side control unit 14 includes, as functional blocks, a vehicle-side first transmission processing unit 141, a vehicle-side reception processing unit 142, a vehicle-side second transmission processing unit 143, and a vehicle-side encryption processing unit 144. , A vehicle side signal intensity specifying unit 145, a vehicle side pattern specifying unit 146, a verification processing unit 147, and a smart drive instruction unit 148.
- the door switch 33 is a touch switch provided near the door knob for opening and closing the vehicle door or a touch switch provided near the door knob of the trunk door of the vehicle. A signal corresponding to a user operation on the door switch 33 is output to the vehicle-side control unit 14.
- the door open / close detection unit 34 is a switch for detecting the open / closed state of a vehicle door or a trunk door. A signal indicating the open / closed state of the door of the vehicle or the trunk door is output from the door open / close detection unit 34 to the vehicle side control unit 14.
- the door locking detection unit 35 is a switch that detects the locking state of the vehicle door or the trunk door. A signal indicating the locking state of the door of the vehicle or the trunk door is output from the door locking detection unit 35 to the vehicle side control unit 14.
- the door locking / unlocking unit 36 has an actuator for locking / unlocking the door of the vehicle or the trunk door, and the door / trunk door of the vehicle is locked / unlocked by driving each actuator.
- the electronic key 20 is carried by the user.
- the phrase “carried to the user” as used herein is not limited to the case where the user actually carries it, but the user can carry it but may not actually carry it. Contains.
- the electronic key 20 includes an LF antenna 21, an LF receiving unit 22, an RF antenna 23, an RF receiving unit 24, an RF transmitting unit 25, and a key side control unit 26.
- the electronic key 20 includes a configuration provided in other general electronic keys such as a battery, a switch, and an emergency key. However, for the sake of convenience, description of components that are not necessary for the description of the present disclosure is omitted.
- the LF receiving unit 22 is connected with an LF antenna 21 as a receiving antenna for receiving a signal transmitted by an LF band radio wave.
- the LF antenna 21 may be a three-axis antenna in two horizontal directions and a vertical direction, for example.
- the LF antenna 21 corresponds to the mobile device side receiving antenna of the present disclosure.
- the LF receiving unit 22 performs processing such as amplification and demodulation on the signal received by the LF antenna 21.
- An RF antenna 23 is connected to the RF receiver 24 and the RF transmitter 25 as a transmission / reception antenna for transmitting / receiving a signal using a radio wave in the UHF band.
- the RF antenna 23 also corresponds to the portable device-side transmitting antenna of the present disclosure.
- the RF receiver 24 performs processing such as amplification and demodulation on the signal received by the RF antenna 23.
- the RF transmission unit 25 transmits the signal input from the key-side control unit 26 from the RF antenna 23 on the UHF band radio wave.
- the key-side control unit 26 is mainly composed of a microcomputer comprising a CPU, ROM, RAM, backup RAM, I / O, etc. (all not shown), and executes various control programs stored in the ROM. In this step, various processes are executed.
- the key side control unit 26 is connected to the LF reception unit 22, the RF reception unit 24, and the RF transmission unit 25.
- the key-side control unit 26 includes, as function blocks, a key-side first reception processing unit 261, a key-side transmission processing unit 262, a key-side second reception processing unit 263, and a key-side encryption processing unit 264.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B an example of the flow of processing related to the smart function in the electronic key system 100 will be described using the sequence diagrams of FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the processes in FIGS. 5A and 5B are configured to start when the user operates the door switch 33 near the vehicle door and a signal corresponding to the user operation is input from the door switch 33 to the BCM 10. That's fine.
- the following description will be given on the assumption that the Burst signal is transmitted twice after the transmission of the Challenge signal described later from the own vehicle. Note that the first Burst signal transmitted from the vehicle is BurstA, and the second Burst signal is BurstB.
- the vehicle side first transmission processing unit 141 of the BCM 10 transmits the Wake signal on the LF band radio wave via the LF transmission unit 11 and the LF antenna 31 (that is, wake transmission), and moves to t2.
- the Wake signal is a signal for shifting the electronic key 20 in the sleep state to the wake-up state.
- the key side first reception processing unit 261 of the electronic key 20 receives the Wake signal via the LF antenna 21 and the LF receiving unit 22, and proceeds to t3.
- the key-side transmission processing unit 262 of the electronic key 20 transmits an Ack (Acknowledgement) for notifying that the electronic key 20 has shifted to the wake-up state via the RF transmitting unit 25 and the RF antenna 23 in the UHF band. Is transmitted (that is, Ack transmission), and the process proceeds to t4.
- the vehicle side reception processing unit 142 of the BCM 10 receives Ack via the RF antenna 32 and the RF receiving unit 13, and proceeds to t5.
- the vehicle-side second transmission processing unit 143 of the BCM 10 transmits the Challenge signal on the UHF band radio wave via the RF transmission unit 12 and the RF antenna 32 (that is, Challenge transmission), and moves to t6.
- the Challenge signal is a code signal composed of random numbers.
- the key-side second reception processing unit 263 of the electronic key 20 receives the Challenge signal via the RF antenna 23 and the RF receiving unit 24, and proceeds to t7.
- the key-side encryption processing unit 264 of the electronic key 20 performs encryption using the secret key and the encryption algorithm common between the BCM 10 and the electronic key 20 based on the Challenge signal received at t6. Move to t8.
- the key side encryption processing unit 264 corresponds to the portable device side encryption processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the encryption algorithm for example, an AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) method may be used.
- an example of generating a 128-bit encryption code by using the AES method from 128-bit data obtained by quadrupling a 32-bit Challenge signal code and a 128-bit secret key (that is, Key) Code) is taken as an example.
- the encryption code generated using the AES method is represented by a binary value of 0 and 1.
- the case where the AES method is used as an encryption algorithm is given as an example.
- the encryption code is an encryption algorithm represented by 0 and 1, other encryption algorithms are used. Also good.
- the key-side signal strength specifying unit 265 converts the encrypted code encrypted at t7 from a predetermined region for signal strength specification (hereinafter referred to as strength specification region) into a Challenge signal. Subsequently, the electric field strength (that is, signal strength) of the Burst signal transmitted from the own vehicle is specified. It is assumed that the strength specifying area is defined in advance by the key-side control unit 26, such as the upper 2 bits to the 5 bits of the encrypted code. As described above, of the burst signals transmitted twice, the one transmitted first is Burst A, and the one transmitted later is Burst B. The key-side signal strength specifying unit 265 specifies, for example, the field strength of Burst A.
- the key-side signal strength specifying unit 265 may be configured to specify the electric field strength of BurstA with reference to the correspondence relationship between the code arrangement and the electric field strength of BurstA that are associated in advance.
- the relative strength specifying unit 266 determines from the arrangement of the predetermined areas for specifying relative strength (hereinafter referred to as relative strength specifying areas) of the encrypted code encrypted at t7.
- the difference in electric field strength between burst signals transmitted a plurality of times from the vehicle side following the Challenge signal is specified.
- the relative strength specifying area is defined in advance by the key-side control unit 26, such as the upper 20 bits to the 23 bits of the encrypted code.
- This relative intensity specifying region corresponds to a first predetermined region of the present disclosure.
- the relative strength specifying unit 266 specifies the electric field strength difference between, for example, Burst A and Burst B. For example, if the sequence of the strength specifying area of the encrypted code is “0100”, the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B is Z dBm, and if it is “0001”, the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B is W dBm. For example, the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B is specified according to the arrangement of the relative strength specifying regions. As an example, the relative intensity specifying unit 266 may be configured to specify the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B with reference to the correspondence relationship between the code arrangement and the electric field strength difference that are associated in advance.
- the electric field strength of the Burst signal and the electric field strength difference between the Burst signals transmitted a plurality of times correspond to the signal strength information of the present disclosure.
- the electric field strength of the Burst signal and the electric field strength difference between the Burst signals transmitted a plurality of times can be specified from the arrangement of the predetermined area of the encrypted code obtained by encrypting the code of the Challenge signal, the Challenge signal is the first of the present disclosure.
- the vehicle-side second transmission processing unit 143 corresponds to a signal and the vehicle-side transmission processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the Burst signal corresponds to the second signal of the present disclosure.
- the configuration in which the relative intensity specifying unit 266 specifies the electric field intensity difference between the Burst A and the Burst B according to the arrangement of the relative intensity specifying areas is shown, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the key-side signal strength identifying unit 265 identifies not only Burst A but also the field strength for Burst B, and the relative strength identifying unit 266 identifies the difference between the identified field strengths as the field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B. It is good also as composition to do.
- burst A not only Burst A but also an intensity specifying area for Burst B is defined in the electronic key system 100, and the key-side signal intensity specifying unit 265 determines the electric field strength of Burst B according to the arrangement of the intensity specifying areas for Burst B. May be configured to specify.
- the key side pattern specifying unit 267 determines from the arrangement of the predetermined area (hereinafter referred to as hopping pattern specifying area) for specifying the frequency hopping pattern of the encrypted code encrypted at t7. Identify the frequency hopping pattern.
- the frequency hopping pattern corresponds to the frequency hopping pattern information of the present disclosure
- the key side pattern specifying unit 267 corresponds to the portable device side pattern specifying unit of the present disclosure.
- the frequency hopping pattern refers to a frequency switching pattern in the frequency hopping method.
- the frequency hopping method is a method of changing the frequency at which a signal is transmitted every very short time such as 100 msec.
- the hopping pattern specifying area is defined in advance by the key-side control unit 26, such as the upper 10 bits to the 22 bits of the encrypted code.
- This hopping pattern specific region corresponds to the second predetermined region of the present disclosure.
- the array “00” is the frequency Ch1
- the array “01” is the frequency Ch2
- the array “10” is the frequency Ch3
- the array “11” is the frequency Ch4, and the like. It is defined in the section 26 (see FIG. 7B).
- the key side pattern specifying unit 267 specifies the transmission frequency hopping pattern as Ch2, Ch1, Ch3, Ch2, Ch3, Ch1.
- the types of frequencies to be switched are not limited to the four types described above, but may be other plural types by changing the correspondence between the arrangement and the type of frequency.
- the key-side pattern specifying unit 267 specifies the transmission frequency hopping pattern of the Burst signal to be transmitted a plurality of times following the Response signal when transmitting the Response signal in response to the Challenge signal from the electronic key 20. It is assumed that the time interval from the response signal transmission to the burst signal transmission and the frequency switching time interval are defined in advance by the key-side control unit 26.
- the vehicle-side encryption processing unit 144 of the BCM 10 performs encryption by using the common secret key and encryption algorithm between the BCM 10 and the electronic key 20 based on the Challenge signal transmitted at t5, and at t11 Move.
- the vehicle side encryption processing unit 144 corresponds to the vehicle side encryption processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the vehicle side signal strength specifying unit 145 determines the electric field strength of Burst A transmitted from the vehicle following the Challenge signal from the array of the strength specifying region of the encrypted code encrypted at t10, that is, the electronic The electric field strength at the time of reception by the key 20 is specified.
- the strength specifying region here is the same region as the strength specifying region of the encrypted code encrypted at t7. In other words, the strength specifying area is defined in advance in the key-side control unit 26 and the vehicle-side control unit 14.
- the vehicle side signal strength specifying unit 145 may be configured to specify the electric field strength of Burst A in the same manner as the key side signal strength specifying unit 265 at t8. Since the encryption code encrypted at t10 and the encryption code encrypted at t7 are encryption codes generated using the same Challenge signal code, secret key, and encryption algorithm, the encryption code is It will be the same. Therefore, the electric field strength of Burst A specified by the vehicle side signal strength specifying unit 145 and the electric field strength of Burst A specified by the key side signal strength specifying unit 265 have the same value.
- the vehicle side signal strength specifying unit 145 determines the electric field strength of Burst B transmitted from the own vehicle following the Challenge signal from the arrangement of the relative strength specifying region of the encrypted code encrypted at t10. That is, the electric field strength at the time of reception with the electronic key 20 is specified.
- the relative strength specifying region referred to here is the same region as the relative strength specifying region of the encrypted code encrypted at t7. That is, the relative strength specifying region is also defined in advance in the key side control unit 26 and the vehicle side control unit 14.
- the vehicle-side signal strength identifying unit 145 identifies the field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B in the same manner as the relative strength identifying unit 266 at t8, and based on this field strength difference and the field strength of Burst A identified by itself. What is necessary is just to set it as the structure which specifies the electric field strength of BurstB.
- the vehicle-side pattern specifying unit 146 specifies the frequency hopping pattern from the arrangement of the hopping pattern specifying region of the encrypted code encrypted at t10 in the same manner as the key-side pattern specifying unit 267 at t9. do it.
- the vehicle side pattern specifying unit 146 corresponds to the vehicle side pattern specifying unit of the present disclosure.
- the hopping pattern specifying area here is the same area as the hopping pattern specifying area of the encrypted code encrypted at t7. That is, the hopping pattern specifying region is also defined in advance in the key side control unit 26 and the vehicle side control unit 14.
- the frequency hopping pattern specified by the vehicle side pattern specifying unit 146 is the same as the frequency hopping pattern specified by the key side pattern specifying unit 267, but corresponds to the received frequency hopping pattern.
- the first signal transmission processing unit 141 transmits the Burst signal in the order of Burst A and Burst B via the LF transmission unit 11 and the LF antenna 31 so that the electric field strength specified by the vehicle side signal strength specifying unit 145 is obtained. , Transmit on the LF band radio wave, and go to t14.
- the vehicle-side first transmission processing unit 141 also corresponds to the vehicle-side transmission processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the communicable distance of wireless communication using LF band radio waves is the distance at which wireless communication between the vehicle and the electronic key 20 using LF band radio waves is performed. Then, the value added to the electric field strength specified by the vehicle-side signal strength specifying unit 145 for the attenuation at the communicable distance is used as a transmission output, and the Burst signal is transmitted, so that the vehicle-side signal strength specifying unit 145 specifies The electric field intensity may be set.
- the number of bits in the above-described strength specifying region can be arbitrarily set as long as the strength specifying region is the same in the key-side control unit 26 and the vehicle-side control unit 14. Therefore, when it is desired to increase the variation in the value of the electric field strength of the Burst signal, it may be dealt with by increasing the number of bits in the strength specifying region.
- the key side first reception processing unit 261 receives the Burst signal via the LF antenna 21 and the LF receiving unit 22, and proceeds to t15.
- the Burst signal is received in the order of Burst A and Burst B.
- the signal strength measuring unit 268 of the electronic key 20 measures the field strengths (that is, RSSI) of Burst A and Burst B received at t14.
- the measurement of the electric field strength may be performed using a known RSSI circuit.
- the relative strength calculation unit 269 calculates the difference between the electric field strength of Burst A and the electric field strength of Burst B measured by the signal strength measurement unit 268, so that the electric field strength of Burst A and Burst B is calculated. Calculate the difference.
- the coincidence determining unit 270 determines the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B calculated by the relative strength calculating unit 269 at t15, and the electric field strength between Burst A and Burst B specified by the relative strength specifying unit 266 at t8. It is determined whether or not the difference matches.
- a configuration may be adopted in which a match is determined if the deviation of the value of the electric field strength difference is within a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value here is a value of an error level, and can be arbitrarily set. If it is determined that they match (YES in t16), the reply determination unit 271 determines that a response will be returned, and the process proceeds to t17. On the other hand, if it is determined that they do not match (NO at t16), the reply determination unit 271 determines that no response is returned, and the process ends.
- the structure which determines whether the electric field strength difference of BurstA and BurstB corresponds was shown, it does not necessarily restrict to this. For example, it may be configured to determine whether the electric field strength of Burst A also matches. In addition, it may be configured to determine whether or not the electric field strengths match without determining whether or not the electric field strength differences match. In this case, the configuration used for specifying and calculating the electric field strength difference may be omitted.
- the encryption code encrypted based on the Challenge signal by the key-side encryption processing unit 264 at t7 is set as a Response signal.
- the key-side transmission processing unit 262 transmits the response signal on the radio wave in the UHF band via the RF transmission unit 25 and the RF antenna 23 (that is, response transmission), and moves to t18.
- the vehicle side reception processing unit 142 of the BCM 10 receives the Response signal via the RF antenna 32 and the RF receiving unit 13, and proceeds to t19.
- the key-side transmission processing unit 262 performs multiple bursts via the RF transmission unit 25 and the RF antenna 23 while switching the transmission frequency according to the transmission frequency hopping pattern specified by the key-side pattern specifying unit 267 at t9. Send a signal. Then, the process moves to t20. Note that the above-described Burst signal transmitted by the key side transmission processing unit 262 corresponds to the third signal of the present disclosure, and the key side transmission processing unit 262 corresponds to the portable device side transmission processing unit of the present disclosure.
- the vehicle side reception processing unit 142 switches the reception frequency of the RF reception unit 13 through the RF antenna 32 and the RF reception unit 13 according to the reception frequency hopping pattern specified by the vehicle side pattern specification unit 146 at t12. Multiple burst signals are received. Then, the process proceeds to t21. Therefore, the vehicle side reception processing unit 142 corresponds to the frequency switching unit of the present disclosure.
- the time interval from the response signal reception to the burst signal reception and the frequency switching time interval are the time interval from the response signal transmission to the burst signal transmission at the key side control unit 26 and the frequency switching time interval. It is assumed that a similar value is defined in advance in the vehicle side control unit 14. Thereby, if the reception frequency of the RF reception unit 13 is switched in accordance with the reception frequency hopping pattern specified by the vehicle side pattern specification unit 146, the Burst signal can be received a plurality of times from the electronic key 20.
- the collation processing unit 147 of the BCM 10 performs collation processing, and the process proceeds to t22.
- the verification process it is determined whether or not the encryption code encrypted based on the Challenge signal by the vehicle side encryption processing unit 144 at t10 matches the encryption code as the Response signal received at t18. Further, at t20, it is determined whether or not the vehicle side reception processing unit 142 has received a plurality of Burst signals.
- the verification process if it is determined that the encrypted codes match and it is determined that a plurality of burst signals have been received, the verification is established. On the other hand, if any one of the conditions is not satisfied, the verification is not established.
- the smart driving instruction unit 148 performs smart driving and ends the flow.
- the door unlocking unit 36 is instructed to unlock the door.
- the door locking / unlocking unit 36 drives an actuator for locking the door of the vehicle in response to an instruction to unlock the door, and locks the door of the vehicle.
- the transmission frequency hopping patterns of the Burst signals C, D, E, F, G, and H transmitted from the electronic key 20 are Ch2, Ch1, Ch3, Ch2, Ch3, and Ch1.
- wireless communication on the LF band radio wave is called LF communication
- wireless communication on the UHF band radio wave is called RF communication.
- Ack is transmitted from the electronic key 20 to the BCM 10 by RF communication. It should be noted that the Ack may not be transmitted from the electronic key 20.
- a Challenge signal is transmitted from the BCM 10 to the electronic key 20 by RF communication.
- the Burst signal is transmitted to the electronic key 20 by LF communication in the order of Burst A and Burst B so that the electric field strength and the electric field strength difference specified by the BCM 10 based on the Challenge signal are obtained. Sent.
- the electronic key 20 that has received Burst A and Burst B measures the electric field strength of Burst A and Burst B, and calculates the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B from the measurement result.
- the electronic key 20 determines whether or not the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B calculated from the actual measurement result matches the electric field strength difference between Burst A and Burst B specified based on the Challenge signal. If it is determined that they match, a response signal is transmitted from the electronic key 20 to the BCM 10 by RF communication.
- the electronic key 20 sequentially transmits the Burst signal to the BCM 10 by RF communication according to the transmission frequency hopping pattern specified based on the Challenge signal (see C to H in FIG. 8).
- the BCM 10 receives the Burst signal that is sequentially transmitted by switching the reception frequency in accordance with the reception frequency hopping pattern specified based on the Challenge signal.
- the electric field strength or electric field strength difference of the Burst signal transmitted from the BCM 10 to the electronic key 20 is determined based on the Challenge signal with the BCM 10.
- Each can be specified with both of the electronic keys 20.
- the presence or absence of a relay attack can be determined based on whether or not the electric field intensity or electric field intensity difference of the actual Burst signal received by the electronic key 20 from the BCM 10 matches the specified one.
- the electronic key 20 No response signal is returned. Therefore, when a relay attack is being performed, the response signal from the electronic key 20 is not returned, and it is possible to prevent the vehicle from being illegally used due to the relay attack.
- the coincidence determination unit 270 by using the electric field strength difference, the influence of the deviation between the actual measurement value due to the influence of the attenuation and the value specified based on the Challenge signal is suppressed, and the coincidence determination unit 270. This makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determination in
- the frequency hopping pattern of the Burst signal transmitted from the electronic key 20 to the BCM 10 can be specified by both the BCM 10 and the electronic key 20 based on the Challenge signal. Then, by performing transmission / reception according to the specified frequency hopping pattern, it becomes possible to prevent transmission / reception of the above-mentioned Burst signal via the repeater. Therefore, also in this respect, it is possible to prevent the vehicle from being illegally used due to the relay attack.
- the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
- it may be configured to be carried on LF band radio waves.
- the Challenge signal is transmitted on the UHF band radio wave. Is more preferable.
- the Wake signal and the Challenge signal are transmitted from the same LF antenna 31.
- the Wake signal and the Challenge signal are received by the same LF antenna 21.
- a configuration is shown in which the transmission frequency and reception frequency when the burst signal is transmitted from the electronic key 20 to the BCM 10 are switched between the BCM 10 and the electronic key 20 according to the frequency hopping pattern specified based on the challenge signal.
- this is not necessarily the case.
- a Burst signal whose transmission frequency is switched according to a frequency hopping pattern may not be transmitted.
- the configuration relating to the frequency hopping pattern may be omitted.
- a vehicle system includes an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle and a portable device carried by a user, and uses wireless communication between a vehicle-mounted device and a portable device for transmitting and receiving signals on radio waves.
- the vehicle is controlled in accordance with the collation result.
- the in-vehicle device transmits a first signal that can specify signal strength information, which is information about the signal strength of the second signal that is transmitted after the first signal is transmitted, from the vehicle-side transmitting antenna disposed in the vehicle. Then, the vehicle side transmission process part which transmits a 2nd signal so that it may become a signal strength according to signal strength information is provided.
- the portable device includes a portable device-side receiving antenna that receives a signal transmitted from the vehicle-side transmitting antenna, a signal strength measuring unit that measures the signal strength of the signal received by the portable device-side receiving antenna following the first signal, Based on the signal strength information about the signal strength of the second signal that can be identified from the first signal received by the portable device-side receiving antenna and the signal strength actually measured by the signal strength measuring unit, the vehicle is mounted for verification.
- a reply determination unit that determines whether or not to reply to the apparatus.
- the signal strength at the portable device when receiving the signal directly from the in-vehicle device to the portable device by wireless communication is the signal strength at the portable device when receiving the signal at the portable device via the relay used in the relay attack. It is difficult to match.
- the first signal transmitted from the in-vehicle device to the portable device prior to the transmission of the second signal can specify the signal strength information regarding the signal strength of the second signal. It is a signal. Then, for verification based on the signal strength information about the signal strength of the second signal, which can be identified from the first signal received by the mobile device side receiving antenna, and the signal strength actually measured by the signal strength measuring unit. It is determined whether or not to reply to the in-vehicle device.
- the vehicle system since the vehicle system according to one aspect of the present disclosure does not require the intensity ratio of each signal transmitted from different vehicle-side transmission antennas, the vehicle system includes a plurality of vehicle-side transmission antennas at different positions of the vehicle. However, it is not necessary for most of the transmission ranges of the vehicle-side transmission antennas to overlap each other. Therefore, it is not necessary to make the arrangement different from the arrangement of the transmission antenna on the vehicle side in a general smart system, or to significantly increase the antenna output of the transmission antenna on the vehicle side.
- the in-vehicle device and the portable device of the present disclosure are used in the vehicle system described above, the damage due to the relay attack is prevented while suppressing the change in the arrangement of the transmission antenna on the vehicle side and the power consumption. It becomes possible to do.
- each timing is expressed as, for example, t1. Furthermore, each timing can be divided into a plurality of sub-timings, while a plurality of timings can be combined into one timing.
- each “unit” refers to the functions of the vehicle-side control unit 14 and the key-side control unit 26 and is classified for convenience. It does not mean that the inside of the side control unit 26 is physically divided into parts corresponding to the respective “parts”. Accordingly, each “unit” can be realized as software as a part of a computer program, or can be realized as hardware using an IC chip or a large-scale integrated circuit.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- 車両に搭載される車載装置(10)と、
ユーザに携帯される携帯機(20)を含み、
前記車載装置(10)と前記携帯機(20)との間での、信号を電波に乗せて送受信する無線通信を用いた照合の結果に応じて車両の制御を行う車両システム(100)であって、
前記車載装置(10)は、
前記車両に配置された車両側送信アンテナ(31、32)から、第1信号の送信後に続けて送信させる第2信号の信号強度についての情報である信号強度情報を特定できる第1信号を送信させるのに続いて、前記信号強度情報に従った信号強度となるように前記第2信号を送信させる車両側送信処理部(141、143)を備え、
前記携帯機(20)は、
前記車両側送信アンテナ(31、32)から送信された信号を受信する携帯機側受信アンテナ(21、23)と、
前記第1信号の後に続いて前記携帯機側受信アンテナ(21、23)で受信した信号の信号強度を測定する信号強度測定部(268)と、
前記携帯機側受信アンテナ(21、23)で受信した前記第1信号から特定できる前記第2信号の信号強度についての前記信号強度情報と、前記信号強度測定部(268)で実際に測定した信号強度とをもとに、前記照合のための前記車載装置(10)への返信を行うか否かを判定する返信判定部(271)とを備える車両システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記車両側送信処理部(141、143)は、前記車両側送信アンテナ(31、32)から、前記第1信号の送信後に続けて複数回送信させる第2信号の信号強度についての前記信号強度情報を特定できる前記第1信号を送信させるのに続いて、前記信号強度情報に従った信号強度となるように前記第2信号を複数回送信させ、
前記信号強度情報は、複数回送信させる前記第2信号同士の信号強度の差及び比の少なくともいずれかである相対的強度の情報を含み、
前記携帯機(20)は、
前記携帯機側受信アンテナ(21、23)で受信した前記第1信号から、前記第1信号の送信後に複数回送信されてくる前記第2信号同士の前記相対的強度を特定する相対的強度特定部(266)と、
前記信号強度測定部(268)で測定した複数回の信号についての信号強度の測定結果から、当該複数回の信号同士の前記相対的強度を算出する相対的強度算出部(269)と、
前記相対的強度特定部(266)で特定した、複数回送信されてくる前記第2信号同士の相対的強度と、前記相対的強度算出部(269)で算出した相対的強度とが一致するか否かを判定する一致判定部(270)とを備え、
前記返信判定部(271)は、前記一致判定部(270)で一致すると判定した場合には、前記照合のための前記車載装置(10)への返信を行うと判定し、一致しないと判定した場合には、前記照合のための前記車載装置(10)への返信を行わないと判定する車両システム。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1信号は、前記照合のためのコードの信号であって、
前記携帯機(20)は、
前記第1信号のコードを、秘密鍵を用いて暗号化する携帯機側暗号化処理部(264)を備え、
前記相対的強度特定部(266)は、前記携帯機側暗号化処理部(264)で前記第1信号のコードを暗号化したコードの第1の所定領域の配列から、前記相対的強度を特定する車両システム。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項において、
前記車両側送信処理部(141、143)は、前記携帯機(20)から周波数ホッピング方式で複数回送信させる第3信号の送信周波数の切り替えパターンである周波数ホッピングパターン情報も特定できる前記第1信号を前記車両側送信アンテナ(31、32)から送信させ、
前記携帯機(20)は、
前記照合のための前記車載装置(10)への返信を行うと前記返信判定部(271)で判定した場合に、前記携帯機側受信アンテナ(21、23)で受信した前記第1信号から特定できる前記周波数ホッピングパターン情報に従って送信周波数を切り替えて、前記携帯機(20)の携帯機側送信アンテナ(23)から前記第3信号を送信させる携帯機側送信処理部(262)を備え、
前記車載装置(10)は、
前記車両に配置された車両側受信アンテナ(32)を介して信号を受信する車両側受信部(13)と、
前記車両側送信処理部(141、143)で送信させた前記第1信号から特定できる前記周波数ホッピングパターン情報に従って、前記車両側受信部(13)での受信周波数の切り替えを行う周波数切り替え部(142)を備える車両システム。 - 請求項4において、
前記第1信号は、前記照合のためのコードの信号であって、
前記携帯機(20)は、
前記第1信号のコードを、前記車載装置(10)と前記携帯機(20)との間で共通の秘密鍵を用いて暗号化する携帯機側暗号化処理部(264)と、
前記携帯機側暗号化処理部(264)で前記第1信号のコードを暗号化したコードの第2の所定領域の配列から、前記周波数ホッピングパターン情報を特定する携帯機側パターン特定部(267)を備えるものであり、
前記携帯機側送信処理部(262)は、前記携帯機側パターン特定部(267)で特定した前記周波数ホッピングパターン情報に従って送信周波数を切り替えて、前記携帯機(20)の携帯機側送信アンテナ(23)から前記第3信号を送信させ、
前記車載装置(10)は、
前記第1信号のコードを、前記車載装置(10)と前記携帯機(20)との間で共通の秘密鍵を用いて暗号化する車両側暗号化処理部(144)と、
前記車両側暗号化処理部(144)で前記第1信号のコードを暗号化したコードの前記第2の所定領域の配列から、前記周波数ホッピングパターン情報を特定する車両側パターン特定部(146)を備え、
前記周波数切り替え部(142)は、前記車両側パターン特定部(146)で特定した前記周波数ホッピングパターン情報に従って前記車両側受信部(13)での受信周波数を切り替える車両システム。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の車両システム(100)で用いられる車載装置。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の車両システム(100)で用いられる携帯機。
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