WO2015063167A1 - Installation de production de biogaz comprenant un dispositif de filtre au charbon biologique - Google Patents

Installation de production de biogaz comprenant un dispositif de filtre au charbon biologique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015063167A1
WO2015063167A1 PCT/EP2014/073243 EP2014073243W WO2015063167A1 WO 2015063167 A1 WO2015063167 A1 WO 2015063167A1 EP 2014073243 W EP2014073243 W EP 2014073243W WO 2015063167 A1 WO2015063167 A1 WO 2015063167A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biogas plant
biochar
charring
biogas
reactor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/073243
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mathias Schlegel
Norbert Kanswohl
Original Assignee
Universität Rostock
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universität Rostock filed Critical Universität Rostock
Publication of WO2015063167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015063167A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/18—Gas cleaning, e.g. scrubbers; Separation of different gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/05—Biogas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biogas plant, a device for collecting valuable material, a device for producing biochar and corresponding methods.
  • biogas may contain a component of hydrogen sulphide which would be detrimental to combustion and which therefore has to be filtered out.
  • materials such as sulfur, phosphorus and nitrogen or some of their compounds represent valuable substances that can be used, for example, as fertilizer materials.
  • a biogas plant can generally be a device which is designed to produce biogas from a substrate by fermentation, in particular by anaerobic digestion.
  • Biogas can contain methane as an essential energy source.
  • there are four different degradation phases namely a hydrolysis phase, an acidogenesis phase, an acetogenesis phase and a methanogenesis phase. These phases can be run together in a reactor.
  • a biogas plant may have separate reactors for different phases, so that substrate is pumped from one reactor to another for passing through all phases.
  • a biogas plant may have a hydrolysis reactor in which the hydrolysis and optionally the acidogenesis phase are passed through, and a downstream fermentation reactor may be provided in which the methanogenesis and optionally the acetogenesis are passed through.
  • a digestate of substantially organic material in which, inter alia, lignocellulose is included, which is not or not completely degraded during biogas production.
  • a gas or gas mixture that is produced in a reactor of the biogas plant can be referred to as gaseous product or product gas.
  • Biochar may generally refer to a char produced by charring from a biological material, especially coal derived from the charring of lignocellulose. The charring can take place in a charring device.
  • a charring device may generally be configured to treat charred material at a suitable temperature and pressure to produce coal. Pressure and temperature may be adjusted or adjustable to adjust desired properties of the biochar produced, in particular Surface properties such as porosity and / or grain size and / or structure size and the ability to accumulate certain recyclable material and / or filters.
  • the temperature for charring may be, for example, between about 180 ° C and 230 ° C. It is conceivable that water is added to the material to be carbonized during and / or for charring.
  • the properties of biochar may depend on the material from which the recyclables are to be derived.
  • biochar which is intended to filter and / or collect a valuable substance, such as sulfur or a sulfur compound, from a gaseous material may have a different surface structure and / or structure size than biochar, for example for filtering and / or accumulating phosphorus or phosphorus compounds from manure is provided.
  • Biochar in particular biochar of a filter device, can generally have a surface coating and / or a material for influencing pores and / or surfaces, in particular for pore surface control, for example for pore activation and / or doping and / or impregnation, which accumulation and / or filtration one or more of certain valuable substances.
  • biochar may be treated with a material catalytically active for a particular desired pool of valuable material.
  • biochar is treated with citric acid and / or nitric acid to favor nitrogen deposition. It is also conceivable that during and / or prior to charring a starting material of the charring, such as fermentation residues, a material influencing the properties of the biochar to be produced, for example the pore size, is added, for example a catalytically active material. A corresponding material may include, for example, citric acid and / or phosphoric acid.
  • a biogas plant with at least one biogas reactor in which a gaseous product is provided.
  • the biogas plant has at least one filter device which is capable of filtering valuable material from the gaseous product of the biogas plant and / or the at least one biogas reactor, wherein the filter device comprises biochar, which is able to accumulate valuable material.
  • the valuable material can be accumulated on the biochar, with which it can be used as fertilizer or as a fertilizer component.
  • the recyclable material is removed from the gaseous product, where it is usually undesirable.
  • the biogas plant may in particular comprise a hydrolysis reactor whose product gas may contain sulfur and / or a sulfur compound such as hydrogen sulphide and / or one of the abovementioned compounds, which may be regarded as a valuable substance.
  • the biochar of the filter device can be designed to adsorb sulfur and / or hydrogen sulfide and / or a sulfur compound and / or sulfur from such a compound, in particular from hydrogen sulfide.
  • a filter device for collecting valuable material from a gaseous product of a methane-producing reactor may be provided, for example a fermentation reactor and / or a biogas reactor in which all four phases are carried out.
  • a biogas plant can generally have an electronic control device, which can be connected or connectable to control and monitor the biogas plant with sensors and / or switches and / or valves and / or pumps.
  • a plurality of filter devices may be provided, which may have different types of biochar to enrich different recyclables.
  • the biogas plant may be connected to a charring device or connectable. Fermentation residues from the biogas plant can be provided to the carbonization device for charring.
  • the charring device may be designed to carbonize fermentation residues from the biogas plant of the charring facility.
  • the biogas plant may be designed such that waste heat from the biogas plant of the charring device is provided.
  • the waste heat can originate, for example, from a bioreactor of the biogas plant, for example from a hydrolysis reactor and / or fermentation reactor and / or biogas reactor, in which all four phases are passed.
  • the biogas plant has a device for converting biogas into energy such as electric current and / or heat, such as a burner and / or a generator and / or a fuel cell arrangement. It is conceivable that the biogas plant is designed to provide waste heat from such a device and / or several such devices, the charring device. For this purpose, the charring device may be in heat-transmitting contact with one or more waste heat producing devices.
  • the biogas plant may be designed to supply waste heat via a heat carrier medium heated by one or more waste heat-producing devices, for example a fluid such as water and / or steam, to the charring device.
  • waste heat-producing devices for example a fluid such as water and / or steam
  • the efficiency of the biogas plant can be increased and at the same time the digestate can be reused.
  • biogas produced in the biogas plant is provided and / or used for operating the charring device, for example by being fed to a burner of the charring device, for example in accordance with a biogas plant and / or the charring plant. device monitoring and / or controlling control device.
  • the biogas plant can have a hydrolysis reactor for carrying out a hydrolysis reaction and a downstream fermentation reactor.
  • the filter means may be arranged to filter gas generated in the hydrolysis reactor, such as to enrich the biochar with hydrogen sulphide and / or sulfur.
  • a filter device for filtering gas from the fermentor can be provided.
  • the invention also relates to a device for collecting valuable material with a filter device.
  • the filter device has biochar, which is designed to accumulate valuable material.
  • the biochar can be designed to accumulate a particular valuable material and / or certain valuable substances.
  • the biochar may be biochar as described herein.
  • the filter device may be a filter device described herein.
  • the filter device can be provided to filter valuable material from a gas or a liquid. It is conceivable that the filter device is intended to filter phosphorus and / or phosphorus compounds such as phosphate from agricultural waste such as manure and / or digestate and accumulate on the biochar.
  • the device is designed to accumulate valuable material from a product gas of a biogas plant on the biochar.
  • the biogas plant may be a biogas plant as described herein.
  • a filter device for filtering recyclable material from fermentation residues of the biogas plant may be provided, for example for filtering phosphorus and / or phosphorus compounds such as phosphate.
  • a device for producing biochar is provided, which has a charring device, which is designed to carbonize fermentation residues from a biogas plant.
  • the charring means may be a charring means described herein. It is intended to use a charring device described herein for converting digestate of a biogas plant into biochar. This can be produced for different types of biochar, such as by adjusting the water content and / or pressure and / or temperature and / or time course and / or drug delivery.
  • the charring device can be designed as part of a biogas plant, in particular as part of a biogas plant described herein.
  • the charring means may be adapted to treat the biochar with at least one active agent after and / or during charring.
  • an agent may be designed to produce certain properties of the biochar produced during charring.
  • an active ingredient can be provided to adapt the surface properties of the biochar and / or to influence the pores of the biochar, in particular to dope and / or impregnate and / or activate it in order to promote the accumulation of certain valuable material.
  • a process for the production of biochar in which fermentation residues are converted from a biogas plant to biochar.
  • the method may in particular be operated or operable with a charring device described herein.
  • a method is also provided for operating a biogas plant, in particular one described herein
  • Biogas plant The method comprises the steps of providing a gaseous product in at least one biogas reactor of the biogas plant and filtering out and collecting recyclable material from the gaseous product using a biochar filter means, wherein valuable material is accumulated on the biochar. Further, the step of charring, by a charring means, fermentation residues of a biogas plant to produce biochar is provided.
  • biochar can be made for use in the filter device.
  • the biogas plant may be a biogas plant as described herein. Waste heat of the biogas plant, in particular waste heat of one or more biogas reactors and / or at least one burner and / or at least one generator and / or at least one fuel cell arrangement can be supplied to the charring means to operate and / or to heat them. It is conceivable that the charring device biogas is supplied from the biogas plant, in particular in order to be implemented by the charring device as by combustion in Trore.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an example of a biogas plant.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an example of a biogas plant 10.
  • the biogas plant 10 has a biogas reactor device 11 which comprises a reactor for carrying out all phases of Fermentation or alternatively a first hydrolysis reactor 12 and a fermentation reactor 13 may have.
  • generated gas such as gas generated in the hydrolysis reactor 12 is passed through a filter device 14 which has as an active filter element biochar, which is adapted to sulfur and / or sulfur compounds, in particular sulfur ⁇ hydrogen to filter out of the product gas and to accumulate.
  • the biogas produced is passed through the filter device 14. It is conceivable that at least one further filter device 15 is present, for example to collect nitrogen and / or nitrogen compounds from the product gas in biochar.
  • Such a filter device may be connected upstream or downstream of the filter device 14.
  • the filter means may be provided from a hydrolysis reactor 14 for filtering of the product gas, while as shown a further filter device 15 may be provided for filtering of valuable material, in particular nitrogen and / or StickstoffVerbind ⁇ Ungen from a product gas of a fermenting reactor. 13
  • Product gas from the hydrolysis reactor 12 can be fed to a fermentation reactor 13 and / or be provided for another use. After going through the
  • a filter device 16 may be provided, which is able to filter recyclable material such as phosphorus and / or phosphorus compounds such as phosphate from digestate, which arise in the reactor device 11, in particular in the fermentation reactor 13.
  • a filter device 16 may in the range of an outlet for fermentation residues be provided downstream of the reactor device 11 or such. It can be provided on a sweeping device, which is able to swell fermentation residues with water in order to transport them more easily through the filter device 16 can.
  • the biogas plant 10 in this example also has a charring device 18, to which fermentation residues can be fed.
  • the charring device 18 may be disposed downstream of the filter device 16.
  • the charring device 18 is intended to carbonize fermentation residues, in particular to char and optionally treat them with active ingredient, that the biochar can be used for the filter device 14 and / or the filter device 15 and / or the filter device 16.
  • different types of biochar can be produced for the various filter devices, for example by adjusting the water content and / or pressure and / or temperature and / or time course and / or drug delivery.
  • the biogas plant also has a waste heat generating device for generating energy from biogas 20, which may include, for example, a burner and / or a fuel cell and / or a generator. Waste heat from the device 20 is supplied to the charring device 18.
  • a supply of waste heat from the reactor device 11 take place.
  • the charring device 18 is supplied with biogas from the biogas plant 10.
  • a burner of the charring device 18 can be operated with biogas.
  • the biogas plant has suitable valves, conduits, pumps and similar transport means to properly transport gas and / or digestate and / or solids such as biochar.
  • the filter device 15 and the filter device 16 are each to be regarded as optional.
  • the charring device 18 may also be optional.
  • the biogas plant 10 is characterized by a comprehensive use of resources. Fermentation residues are only from Recycled material and then converted into biochar, which in turn is used as a filter. If sufficient resources have accumulated in the biochar, this can be used for fertilization. Waste heat of the plant can be exploited to operate the charring of digestate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation de production de biogaz (10) comprenant au moins un réacteur de biogaz (11, 12, 13), dans lequel est produit un gaz de réaction, et au moins un dispositif filtrant (14, 15) qui filtre des matériaux recyclables à partir du gaz de réaction de l'installation de production de biogaz (10) et/ou du au moins un réacteur de biogaz (11, 12, 13), le dispositif filtrant (14, 15) contenant du charbon biologique qui a la faculté d'accumuler des matériaux recyclables. L'invention concerne également des installations et des procédés correspondants.
PCT/EP2014/073243 2013-11-01 2014-10-29 Installation de production de biogaz comprenant un dispositif de filtre au charbon biologique WO2015063167A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013112069.5 2013-11-01
DE201310112069 DE102013112069A1 (de) 2013-11-01 2013-11-01 Biogasanlage mit Biokohlefiltereinrichtung

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WO2015063167A1 true WO2015063167A1 (fr) 2015-05-07

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PCT/EP2014/073243 WO2015063167A1 (fr) 2013-11-01 2014-10-29 Installation de production de biogaz comprenant un dispositif de filtre au charbon biologique

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DE (1) DE102013112069A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015063167A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107988054A (zh) * 2018-01-27 2018-05-04 西北农林科技大学 一种高效循环秸秆厌氧发酵系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011097183A2 (fr) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-11 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Biocharbon activé biologiquement, procédés de fabrication d'un biocharbon activé biologiquement et procédés d'élimination de contaminants de l'eau
US20110277639A1 (en) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-17 Reardon John P Apparatus and method of optimized acid gas and toxic metal control in gasifier produced gases
WO2012094736A1 (fr) * 2011-01-14 2012-07-19 Dja Technologies Inc. Production d'un absorbant biocharbon à partir d'un produit digéré de manière anaérobie
US20130236951A1 (en) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 National Chiao Tung University Microalgae for Removal of Carbon Dioxide Generated from Biogas and Biogas Electric Generator

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DE102008037402A1 (de) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-01 Schmack Biogas Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Biogas
EP2284141A1 (fr) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-16 Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. (ATB) Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de particules de charbon enrichies avec des matières minérales
DE102011085474A1 (de) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Peter Rohn Verfahren und Behälter zur Vorbehandlung organischer Stoffe einer Biogasanlage

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011097183A2 (fr) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-11 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Biocharbon activé biologiquement, procédés de fabrication d'un biocharbon activé biologiquement et procédés d'élimination de contaminants de l'eau
US20110277639A1 (en) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-17 Reardon John P Apparatus and method of optimized acid gas and toxic metal control in gasifier produced gases
WO2012094736A1 (fr) * 2011-01-14 2012-07-19 Dja Technologies Inc. Production d'un absorbant biocharbon à partir d'un produit digéré de manière anaérobie
US20130236951A1 (en) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 National Chiao Tung University Microalgae for Removal of Carbon Dioxide Generated from Biogas and Biogas Electric Generator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107988054A (zh) * 2018-01-27 2018-05-04 西北农林科技大学 一种高效循环秸秆厌氧发酵系统

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