WO2010100224A1 - Procédé et dispositif de production durable d'énergie et d'au moins une substance de base - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de production durable d'énergie et d'au moins une substance de base Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010100224A1
WO2010100224A1 PCT/EP2010/052753 EP2010052753W WO2010100224A1 WO 2010100224 A1 WO2010100224 A1 WO 2010100224A1 EP 2010052753 W EP2010052753 W EP 2010052753W WO 2010100224 A1 WO2010100224 A1 WO 2010100224A1
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Prior art keywords
unit
plant
plant unit
base material
biogas
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PCT/EP2010/052753
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Manderscheid
Günter HARBECK
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Ecocity Project Gmbh
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Publication of WO2010100224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010100224A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/08—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/14—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the sustainable generation of energy and at least one base material.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention have the advantage that sustainability is achieved (ie the use of a natural and regenerable system such that its essential properties are retained). Accordingly, one can also speak of a sustainable production of energy and a sustainable production of at least one basic substance.
  • ethanol is produced during the fermentation of sugary and starchy substances. By distillation, the ethanol can be concentrated. It is also known from the prior art that ethanol can be obtained by fermentation of biomass. The ethanol produced is often referred to as bioethanol. In addition, CO 2 is also generated in the aforementioned generation. Bioethanol is used in particular as biofuel or fuel additive for internal combustion engines.
  • biogas in biogas plants This is understood in particular as methane gas, which releasing energy during combustion.
  • biogas for example, fermentable biomass-containing residues (for example biowaste), plants and plant parts are suitable. These can be cultivated specifically for the production of biogas, for example. Such plants are also known as "renewable resources" or "energy crops”.
  • Biogas produced in biogas plants is generally used as fuel in an internal combustion engine coupled to a generator to generate electricity and heat.
  • the methane content is extracted from the aforementioned biogas, purified, dried, compressed and fed into a gas network in order to lead it to a commercial or private consumer for use.
  • a system in the form of a combined heat and power plant which has at least one internal combustion engine, for example an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine.
  • the internal combustion engine drives a generator that generates electrical power.
  • the electric power is fed into a power grid.
  • the resulting in the generation of electrical power heat remains unused in many cases, as often lack consumers at the location of the cogeneration plant, which use the amount of heat throughout.
  • a soil conditioner such as a fertilizer, which is used in agriculture and horticulture.
  • the key objective of the soil conditioner is to introduce nutrients into the soil to enable, accelerate and / or increase plant growth.
  • a further disadvantage of the above-mentioned systems is that hydrocarbons from fossil carbon deposits of the earth are very often still used to operate the plants, for example lignite, hard coal, natural gas, crude oil and / or other long-term stored in the earth's crust hydrocarbons. It is well known that these hydrocarbons from fossil carbon stocks of the earth are only available for a limited time under today's economic aspects. Due to an ever-increasing demand for hydrocarbons from fossil carbon deposits of the earth and a shortage of supply of these hydrocarbons, there is also a significant increase in the price of hydrocarbons from fossil carbon storages on Earth.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and apparatus for generating energy and for generating at least one base material, in which no hydrocarbons from fossil Carbon storages of the earth are required, which on the one hand economically profitable and on the other efficient and sustainable work.
  • the inventive method for generating energy and for producing at least one base material comprises a plurality of steps, which are also referred to below as stages.
  • a first base substance in the form of ethanol is produced in a first plant unit, for example a bioethanol plant.
  • a second base material for example in the form of at least one vinasse, at least one residue in the production of starch and sugar (for example, a bran, a glume, a vinasse and a bagasse) and / or an accompanying material, which is formed in a distillation.
  • starch and sugar for example, a bran, a glume, a vinasse and a bagasse
  • second basic substances can also be produced, for example several vats, several residues in the production of starch and sugar and / or several accompanying substances that are formed during the distillation.
  • the preparation of the ethanol is carried out, for example, by means of alcoholic fermentation of starchy, sugary and / or cellulosic organic substances. These are supplied, for example, by starchy and / or sugar-containing basic fruits, which are obtained, for example, from energy crops. Additionally or alternatively, however, it is also envisaged to recover the ethanol from further biomass which has been produced by phototrophic organisms with the aid of CO 2 . It is explicitly stated that the production of ethanol can be made using any type and form of biomass. For further details see below.
  • the at least one second base material resulting from the production of the ethanol for example in the form of the vinasse, of the at least one residue in the production of starch and sugar and / or the accompanying substance which is formed in a distillation, is derived from the first Plant unit in a second plant unit, such as a biogas plant, led.
  • a second plant unit such as a biogas plant
  • plant residues of the energy crops, which remain after separation of the starchy and / or sugary basic fruit also lead into the second plant unit.
  • another base material namely a third base material in the form of biogas is produced.
  • a further base material namely a fourth base material in the form of a fermentation residue, which in turn is used in a further plant unit. This will be discussed below.
  • the biogas from the second plant unit is now led to a third plant unit. Energy is generated in the third plant unit.
  • the fermentation residue mentioned above is now led by the second plant unit into a fourth plant unit and used to produce a fifth base substance in the form of a soil improver, for example a fertilizer.
  • a fifth base substance in the form of a soil improver, for example a fertilizer.
  • the energy is used, which was generated in the third plant unit. Additionally or alternatively, residual heat can be used in one embodiment, which is obtained in the first system unit.
  • the aforementioned method has the advantage that on the one hand no hydrocarbons from fossil carbon deposits of the earth are needed.
  • the base substances, by-products and / or accumulating residues generated at each stage in at least one be reused further stage, in turn to produce another base material.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the energy generated and / or the heat produced in at least one of the aforementioned stages is used in at least one of the abovementioned plant units so that no energy remains unused.
  • the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere can be influenced.
  • it is provided in the inventive method for example, to introduce the soil conditioner in the Erdkrume to store carbon, or for example residues in the form of biomass incurred in the process according to the invention to burn to produce CO 2 and the CO 2 then release controlled into the atmosphere.
  • hydrocarbons from fossil carbon storages can be used in the process according to the invention. However, the invention does not require this use. It can do without the use of hydrocarbons from fossil carbon storage.
  • At least one amount of water which is obtained as by-product in at least one of the aforementioned stages is purified and treated.
  • the ingredients obtained during the purification and treatment of the amount of water and extracted from the amount of water are valuable ingredients for the soil improver and are supplied to the fourth plant unit.
  • the purified and treated amount of water can be supplied to the first stage and / or the second stage. Further, it is additionally or alternatively contemplated to use purified and conditioned water to generate steam as a carrier of high calorie energy, which energy in turn may be used and used in any of the foregoing stages.
  • At least one biogenic substrate is added to the second plant unit.
  • substrates which, for example, are not obtained by chemical synthesis processes.
  • organic residues from the food industry are used here. These include, for example, grains from breweries, old bakeries, waste glycerin and used fat.
  • any suitable biogenic substrate is suitable, which is suitable for the production of biogas and / or a soil conditioner from the resulting digestate.
  • synthetic substances based on organic substances as biogenic substrate. It is advantageous if the biogenic substrates are not loaded with heavy metals and / or other pollutants.
  • the feeding of the biogenic substrate into the second system unit can be effected independently of the feeding of the second base material into the second system unit. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the biogenic substrate is added to the second base material before being fed into the second system unit.
  • methane gas is produced as biogas.
  • the invention is not limited to pure methane gas. Rather, this also means a biogas containing a fairly high proportion of methane gas, for example in the range of 45% to 75%. The higher the proportion of methane gas, the higher the energy content of biogas. It is advantageous if the proportion of methane gas is extracted from the biogas, purified and dried. The further portions of the biogas can be supplied to the fourth plant unit, for example, and support the production of the soil improver.
  • electrical energy and / or heat is generated as energy.
  • the electric power can be fed into a network of a local power company (EVU).
  • EEU local power company
  • at least part of the electrical current can be used for the implementation and operation of the individual plant units of the method according to the invention.
  • the heat of the first plant unit (in which ethanol is produced) and / or the fourth plant unit (in which the soil conditioner is produced) is supplied. In the fourth plant unit, this heat is used, for example, to produce the soil improver.
  • the low-calorific residual heat obtained in at least one of the aforementioned stages is used, for example, for drying the soil conditioner.
  • the soil conditioner by means of an evaporation-based drying process, wherein a temperature range of, for example, 30 ° C to 75 ° C is used.
  • the invention is not limited to this temperature range. Rather, any other suitable temperature richly usable.
  • it is envisaged to use a fairly low calorific energy level, since it is not absolutely necessary to use a fairly high calorific energy level for the drying.
  • the digestate is subjected to a phase separation.
  • a phase separation For example, a so-called 3-phase separation, wherein a solid phase, a liquid phase and a gas arise.
  • the phase separation produces a dry mass (solid phase), in particular a separate solid fraction (organic dry matter), which is fed into the fourth plant unit and from which the soil conditioner is prepared.
  • a gas in particular a nitrogen-containing gas, is formed. This gas is introduced into the fourth plant unit and also serves to produce the soil improver.
  • a concentrate liquid phase
  • the concentrate has all dissolved organic and mineral constituents of the digestate. This concentrate is, for example, also introduced into the fourth unit of equipment and also serves to produce the soil conditioner.
  • water is formed which is returned to the first plant unit for producing ethanol and / or the second plant unit for producing biogas and used there.
  • the invention also relates to a device for the sustainable production of energy and at least one base material.
  • the device is designed in particular for carrying out a method which comprises at least one has the above features or a combination of the above features.
  • the device according to the invention has a first system unit for the production of a first base material in the form of ethanol.
  • a second base material is formed, for example at least one of the second base substances already mentioned above.
  • the device according to the invention also has a second system unit for producing a third base material in the form of biogas.
  • the second system unit is connected to the first system unit via a first connection unit for feeding the second base material (for example at least one of the base materials already mentioned above) from the first system unit to the second system unit.
  • it may be provided via a further connection unit plant residues of energy crops, which remain after removal of the starchy and / or sugary basic fruit, also introduce into the second plant unit.
  • the production of biogas produces a fourth base material in the form of a digestate, which is also used further, as explained in more detail below.
  • a third system unit for generating energy is provided, wherein the third system unit is connected to the second system unit via a second connection unit for supplying the biogas from the second system unit to the third system unit.
  • a fourth plant unit for producing a fifth base material in the form of a soil conditioner in the device according to the invention is provided.
  • the fourth system unit is connected to the second system unit via a third connection unit for supplying the digestate from the second system unit to the fourth system unit.
  • the energy is used, which was generated in the third plant unit.
  • the energy generated in the third system unit is designed as electric current and / or heat. Furthermore, it is provided, for example, that the third system unit is connected to the first system unit via a fourth connection unit for supplying the heat from the third system unit to the first system unit. The heat that can be supplied thereby can be used in the production of the ethanol. Moreover, it can be provided that the third system unit is connected to the fourth system unit via a fifth connection unit for supplying the heat from the third system unit to the fourth system unit. By means of the heat supplied in this way, it is possible, for example, to dry the soil improver prepared in the fourth plant unit.
  • a fifth system unit for phase separation is arranged between the second system unit and the fourth system unit. Furthermore, the fifth installation unit is connected both to the second installation unit and to the fourth installation unit. This embodiment shows that the second plant unit with the fourth plant unit can also be connected indirectly with the interposition of another unit.
  • the phase separation is carried out, for example, in a multistage system in which initially coarse solids are separated off by means of at least one device for solids separation. This can be done in particular by a method which is based on the principle of gravity.
  • a liquid phase leaving the means for solids separation in a first membrane separation stage is converted firstly into a concentrate which contains finely dispersed solid particles and secondly into a permeate which has dissolved constituents ,
  • the concentrate with the finely dispersed solid particles is the fourth plant unit for generating the Supplied soil conditioner.
  • the permeate of the first membrane separation stage containing the dissolved constituents is fed to a second membrane separation stage (for example a nanofiltration and / or reverse osmosis unit which can be implemented in multiple stages both on the retentate side and permeate side) and into a retentate containing the dissolved constituents converted from pure water as possible permeate.
  • the last-mentioned permeate is fed back to the first plant unit for producing the ethanol and / or the second plant unit for producing biogas.
  • the fifth system unit is connected, for example, to the first system unit via a sixth connection line for guiding the permeate from the fifth system unit to the first system unit.
  • the fifth system unit is connected via a further connecting line with the second system unit.
  • a nitrogen-containing gas is formed, which can be detected separately and fed to the fourth plant unit for producing the soil conditioner.
  • the second plant unit is designed for example as a fermenter.
  • This is understood to mean a bioreactor in which microorganisms are cultivated under the best possible conditions in order to cause a reaction in such a way that biogas is produced. It is particularly intended to produce biogas with the highest possible proportion of methane.
  • the third plant unit is designed as a combined heat and power plant, which has for example at least one internal combustion engine for driving a generator. By means of this generator, the electrical energy is generated.
  • the fourth plant unit is designed to produce the soil conditioner as a reactor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for generating energy and of a plurality of base materials
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a device for generating energy and of several basic substances.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for generating energy and for producing a plurality of base materials. Based on this embodiment, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail.
  • the device according to the invention has a first plant unit 1, in which ethanol is produced.
  • raw materials for example starchy, sugar-containing and / or cellulosic organic raw materials
  • the abovementioned raw materials are obtained, for example, by planting vegetable raw materials, which are planted in particular for the production of the ethanol.
  • the raw materials are supplied for example by starchy and / or sugary basic fruits, which are separated from energy crops.
  • any further suitable organic raw materials can be introduced into the first system unit 1.
  • these are biomass produced by phototrophic organisms.
  • the production of the ethanol is carried out by alcoholic fermentation of the aforementioned raw materials.
  • the ethanol thus produced is discharged from the first plant unit 1 and preferably used as biofuel.
  • the production of ethanol also produces CO 2 .
  • This is compressed, for example, in a suitable manner and stored for transport in suitable pressure vessels.
  • the CO 2 thus obtained can be used in further processes.
  • a second base material is also formed, in particular in the form of a stillage.
  • This vinasse is introduced via a first connection unit 6 into a second system unit 2.
  • the sludge is fed to a biogenic substrate, for example organic residues from the food industry. These include, for example, grains from breweries, old bakeries, waste glycerin and used fat.
  • synthetic substances based on organic substances as biogenic substrate. It is advantageous if the biogenic substrates are not contaminated with heavy metals and / or other pollutants. In this way it is ensured that the soil conditioner contains no heavy metals and / or other pollutants due to the biogenic substrate.
  • the second base material may also be formed as at least one residue in the production of starch and sugar (for example a bran, a glume, a vinasse and a bagasse) and / or an accompanying substance which is formed during a distillation , It is explicitly pointed out that numerous second base substances can also be produced, for example several vats, several residues in the production of starch and sugar and / or several accompanying substances which are formed during the distillation. All of the aforementioned basic substances are then introduced into the second installation unit 2.
  • starch and sugar for example a bran, a glume, a vinasse and a bagasse
  • the aforementioned second base material or the plurality of second base materials is or is a biomass which is used in the second system unit 2 for obtaining a biogas.
  • the second plant unit 2 is designed as a fermenter.
  • the second plant unit 2 is formed as a system of several fermenters.
  • further biomass is introduced into the second plant unit 2.
  • a further biomass for example, plant residues of energy plants, which remain after removal of the starchy and / or sugary basic fruit are.
  • biomass generated from phototrophic organisms is introduced into the second plant unit 2. respectively.
  • the second base material, the second base materials and / or the further biomass are fermented in the second system unit 2. This results in the biogas, which contains a large proportion of methane, for example in the range of 45% to 75%.
  • the biogas is conducted via a second connection unit 7 in a third system unit 3.
  • the third system unit 3 is designed, for example, as a combined heat and power plant and has at least one internal combustion engine and at least one generator, which is driven by the internal combustion engine.
  • the biogas is used as fuel of the internal combustion engine.
  • electrical power is generated, which can be fed into a network of a local energy supply company.
  • heat is generated, which is introduced via a fourth connection unit 9 into the first system unit 1. The heat is used in the first plant unit 1 to produce the ethanol.
  • This digestate is introduced via a third connection unit 8 into a fifth system unit 5.
  • This fifth plant unit 5 is a unit in which phase separation is performed.
  • the fifth plant unit 5 is formed as a unit with a multi-stage phase separation.
  • this produces water which is returned to the first system unit 1 via a sixth connection unit 11 and used there for the production of ethanol.
  • a solid fraction (dry matter) is produced, from which the soil conditioner is prepared and which is fed into a fourth plant unit 4.
  • a gas is formed in the phase separation. This gas is also introduced into the fourth plant unit 4 and also serves to produce the soil conditioner.
  • the fourth plant unit 4 comprises a reactor 4A 1 in which a the improver is made in the form of a fertilizer.
  • the gas is introduced, which is formed during the phase separation in the fifth plant unit 5.
  • the reactor 4A is designed, for example, as a 3-phase reactor, in which a solid-liquid mixture can be mixed intensively and charged with various gases.
  • the invention is not restricted to the use of such a reactor 4A. Rather, the reactor 4A may have any suitable shape and design.
  • the soil improver in the form of the fertilizer produced in this way is of organic origin and is transferred to a unit 4B in which it is dried, for example, by means of the heat obtained from the third plant unit 3 and converted into a storable, transportable and spreadable form.
  • the soil conditioner is pelleted or granulated. Then, the soil improver is discharged and can be used, for example, for planting the raw materials introduced into the first plant unit 1. Further details of the soil conditioner will be discussed below.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for generating energy and for producing a plurality of base materials.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 is based on the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, so that reference is first made to the statements made above. The same components are marked with the same reference numbers.
  • the further embodiment of the device according to the invention has a separation unit 20, in the first example, energy plants are introduced. For example, starchy, sugar-containing and / or cellulosic base fruits are separated from the energy crops. These basic fruits are introduced as raw material into the first plant unit 1 in order to produce ethanol there. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that any further suitable organic raw materials can be introduced into the first system unit 1. The generation of the etha- nols takes place by alcoholic fermentation of the raw materials. The ethanol thus produced is discharged from the first plant unit 1 and used for example as biofuel.
  • CO 2 In the production of ethanol also produces quite pure CO 2 . This is compressed, for example, in a suitable manner and stored for transport in suitable pressure vessels.
  • the CO 2 is particularly suitable for use in the food industry, but also in the beverage industry.
  • a second base material is also formed, in particular in the form of a stillage.
  • the second base material may also be formed as at least one residue in the production of starch and sugar (for example a bran, a glume, a vinasse and a bagasse) and / or an accompanying substance which is formed during a distillation , It can also create numerous second base materials, for example, several vapors, several residues in the production of starch and sugar and / or more impurities that arise during distillation. All of the aforementioned basic substances are then introduced into the second installation unit 2.
  • a biogenic substrate for example organic residues from the food industry
  • the second plant unit 2 biomass in the form of cosubstrates is supplied.
  • any suitable biomass may be introduced into the second annealing unit 2.
  • biogas is produced in the second plant unit 2.
  • the second plant unit 2 is designed as a fermenter.
  • the second ani- gentician 2 in turn formed as a system of several fermenters.
  • the biogas has a large proportion of methane, which is referred to above.
  • biogas also produces CO 2 .
  • This is used, for example, for the production of further biomass by phototrophic organisms, this further biomass, in turn, serving, for example, as biomass for introduction into the first plant unit 1 and / or into the second plant unit 2.
  • the biogas is conducted via a connection unit in a third system unit 3.
  • the third system unit 3 has at least one internal combustion engine and at least one generator which is driven by the internal combustion engine.
  • the biogas is used as fuel of the combustion engine.
  • electrical power is generated, which can be fed into a network of a local energy supply company.
  • high-calorific heat is generated, which is introduced via a further connection unit into the first system unit 1.
  • the high calorific heat is used in the first plant unit 1 for producing the ethanol.
  • CO 2 is produced as a component of exhaust gases. This is used, for example, for the production of further biomass by phototrophic organisms, this further biomass, in turn, serving, for example, as biomass for introduction into the first plant unit 1 and / or into the second plant unit 2.
  • the CO 2 which is produced in at least one of the first installation unit 1, the second installation unit 2 and the third installation unit 3 can be used as synthesis gas in carbonation reactions for the production of further products.
  • This fifth plant unit 5 is a unit, in a phase separation is made.
  • the fifth plant unit 5 is formed as a unit with a multi-stage phase separation.
  • a dry mass solid phase
  • a separated solid fraction organic dry matter
  • a gas in particular a nitrogen-containing gas (gas (I)) is formed.
  • This gas is introduced into the fourth plant unit 4 and also serves to produce the soil conditioner.
  • the phase separation produces a concentrate K (liquid phase).
  • the concentrate K has all the dissolved organic and mineral constituents of the digestate.
  • This concentrate K is, for example, likewise introduced into the fourth unit 4 and also serves to produce the soil conditioner.
  • water is produced, which is supplied to the first plant unit 1 for producing ethanol.
  • the water of the second plant unit 2 is fed back to produce biogas and used there.
  • the fourth plant unit 4 comprises the reactor 4A, in which a soil conditioner in the form of the fertilizer is produced.
  • a soil conditioner in the form of the fertilizer is produced.
  • the gas (gas (I)) which is formed in the phase separation in the fifth plant unit 5 is also introduced.
  • at least a second gas (gas (II)) is also introduced into the reactor 4A, for example oxygen or another gas.
  • high calorific heat is supplied to the third plant unit 3 to the reactor 4A.
  • the reactor 4A further additives can be supplied.
  • the soil conditioner in the form of the fertilizer produced in this way is of organic origin and is transferred to a unit 4B in which it is dried and made storable, transportable and dispersible Form is transferred.
  • a unit 4B for drying, low calorific residual heat, for example, which is obtained in the first plant unit 1, is used.
  • the high calorific heat of the third plant unit 3 is provided, which is not preferred, but possible.
  • the soil conditioner is pelleted or granulated. Then, the soil improver is discharged and can be used, for example, for planting the raw materials introduced into the first plant unit 1. Further details of the soil conditioner will be discussed below.
  • the fertilizer obtained, for example, by means of the device according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 is a high-quality soil conditioner which contains all substances which promote the formation of permanent humus in the earth's crumb.
  • the fertilizer is a combination of permanent and nutrient humus as well as the native nutrients from the fermentation substrates. It contains 6 - 7% total nitrogen with different availabilities and has a C / N ratio like natural humus. Due to its high cation-exchange and pH-buffering capacity as well as its high water storage capacity, the fertilizer acts as an excellent nutrient reservoir.
  • the new soil conditioner in the form of the fertilizer is an organic complex fertilizer, which is very low in pollutants and rich in humic substances (fulvic and humic acids) and nitrogen in different forms of bonding.
  • humic substances full and humic acids
  • nitrogen in different forms of bonding.
  • ammonium nitrogen, amide nitrogen and firmly organic nitrogen are present.
  • nutrient and trace salts from the fermentation substrates are present in a balanced ratio in the fertilizer due to their vegetable origin.
  • the fertilizer Due to the low N min content and high N fog content of the total nitrogen as well as the permanent humus character, the fertilizer can be used in significantly higher doses than comparable fertilizers to the lasting improvement of numerous soil fertility characteristics in the working soil layer.
  • the use of the fertilizer in smaller quantities improves the formation of chlorophyll, photosynthesis and the conversion of nutrients and trace elements of the plants cultivated with the help of the soil improver.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention have the advantage that on the one hand no hydrocarbons from fossil carbon deposits of the earth are needed. However, as noted above, hydrocarbons from fossil carbon stocks of the earth could still be used (for further details see above).
  • the base substances, by-products and / or accumulating residues produced at each stage be reused in at least one further stage in order to produce a further base material.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the energy generated and / or the heat produced in at least one of the aforementioned stages is used in at least one of the abovementioned plant units so that no energy remains unused.
  • possible resulting high caloric heat quantities and / or low caloric heat quantities of each of the aforementioned stages are used at the corresponding location of another of the aforementioned stages (also called intelligent energy management system). All the above benefits promote sustainability.
  • Simplified, phototrophic organisms (especially algae, plants and / or bacteria) convert the energy of sunlight, this energy being initially stored intermediately in the form of ATP or NAD (P) H.
  • NAD NAD
  • the phototrophic organisms can now convert the carbohydrates produced during the photosynthesis into other chemical compounds and store them in the form of biomass.
  • Ingredients such as sugar, starch, cellulose, lignins, fats, fatty acids, proteins and amino acids are essential for these processes.
  • the poorly degradable organic compounds introduced via the soil improver into the bottom of the useful area are now gradually decomposed by soil organisms (for example fungi and bacteria) over several years.
  • the compounds formed in the reactor 4A are dissolved and the stored minerals and nutrients are gradually made available to the plant (a so-called slow-release effect).
  • the usable area can be repeatedly treated with the soil conditioner, it is possible to store more carbon, which is formed by extracted from the atmosphere of CO 2 , in the soil than was previously emitted from fossil carbon storage in the atmosphere.
  • the inventive method and apparatus relinquish the use of hydrocarbons from fossil carbon reservoirs of the earth, which also store carbon for a very long time, it ensures that, on the one hand, no CO 2 is released from long-term carbon stores in the atmosphere and that, on the other hand, over a longer period of time, the amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere can be reduced.
  • the use of carbon from fossil carbon storages of the earth should be avoided as far as possible in order to achieve a long-term reduction of CO 2 in the atmosphere. This is possible with a global conversion of energy and fuel production by means of the method described here and the device described in conjunction with other regenerative energy sources (for example, water, wind and sun).
  • the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere can be influenced.
  • it is provided to introduce the soil improver into the soil crust in order to store carbon or, for example, residues in the form of biomass which are produced in the process according to the invention to be incinerated, in order to produce CO 2 and the Then release CO 2 in a controlled manner into the atmosphere.
  • hydrocarbons from fossil carbon storages can be used in the process according to the invention.
  • the invention does not require this use. It can do without the use of hydrocarbons from fossil carbon storage.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de production d'énergie et de production d'au moins une substance de base. Selon l'invention, une première substance de base est produite sous la forme d'éthanol dans une première installation (1), ce qui donne une deuxième substance de base, par exemple sous la forme d'une vinasse. La deuxième substance de base est ensuite amenée de la première installation (1) à une deuxième installation (2) dans laquelle est produite une troisième substance de base sous la forme de biogaz, ce qui donne une quatrième substance de base sous la forme d'un digestat. Le biogaz est ensuite amené de la deuxième installation (2) à une troisième installation (3) dans laquelle est produite de l'énergie. Le digestat est amené de la deuxième installation (2) à une quatrième installation (4) dans laquelle est produite une cinquième substance de base sous la forme d'un agent d'amendement du sol.
PCT/EP2010/052753 2009-03-04 2010-03-04 Procédé et dispositif de production durable d'énergie et d'au moins une substance de base WO2010100224A1 (fr)

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WO2010139699A2 (fr) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-09 Verbio Vereinigte Bioenergie Ag Procédé optimisé au plan énergétique pour l'exploitation d'une installation de production de bioéthanol
WO2010139699A3 (fr) * 2009-06-02 2011-02-24 Verbio Vereinigte Bioenergie Ag Procédé optimisé au plan énergétique pour l'exploitation d'une installation de production de bioéthanol
WO2012129622A1 (fr) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Ctc - Centro De Tecnologia Canavieira S.A Utilisation de vinasse dans le procédé de saccharification de biomasses lignocellulosiques
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WO2015079047A1 (fr) * 2013-11-28 2015-06-04 Peter Gallersdörfer Système de production d'énergie pour la production d'énergie renouvelable ainsi que système collecteur de biomasse et composants de ces systèmes

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