WO2015059996A1 - 立体表示装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2015059996A1 WO2015059996A1 PCT/JP2014/072142 JP2014072142W WO2015059996A1 WO 2015059996 A1 WO2015059996 A1 WO 2015059996A1 JP 2014072142 W JP2014072142 W JP 2014072142W WO 2015059996 A1 WO2015059996 A1 WO 2015059996A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
- G02B30/31—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers involving active parallax barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133784—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by rubbing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2213/00—Details of stereoscopic systems
- H04N2213/001—Constructional or mechanical details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an autostereoscopic display device.
- a parallax barrier method and a lenticular lens method are known. These stereoscopic display devices separate light with a barrier or a lens, project different images to the left and right eyes, and give the viewer a stereoscopic effect. 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, autostereoscopic display devices that are on the market are mainly two-view parallax barrier systems and lenticular lens systems.
- a good stereoscopic display can be obtained in the set region.
- the image to be projected on the right eye and the image to be projected on the left eye are mixed and doubled.
- a multi-viewpoint technique and a tracking technique for detecting the position of the observer's head and displaying an image in accordance with the position have been proposed.
- SW-LCD barrier division switch liquid crystal display
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-24957 includes a display panel in which subpixel pairs are arranged in the horizontal direction, and a parallax barrier shutter panel in which sub-openings capable of switching between a light transmission state and a light shielding state are arranged in the horizontal direction.
- a display device is described. In this display device, among a plurality of sub-openings belonging to the reference parallax barrier pitch, an arbitrary number of sub-openings adjacent to each other are set in a light-transmitting state, and the remaining sub-openings are set in a light-shielding state. Formed on a parallax barrier shutter panel.
- the sub opening pitch is equal to or smaller than the difference between the sub pixel width and the total opening width.
- the display device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-24957 can obtain good quality when there is no delay time when the parallax barrier is switched. However, since there is actually a delay time due to the response speed of the liquid crystal and the like, a change in luminance and deterioration of crosstalk may occur.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a configuration of a stereoscopic display device that can reduce a change in luminance when an observer moves by improving the angle dependency of luminance.
- the stereoscopic display device disclosed herein includes a display panel that displays an image with a plurality of pixels, a switch liquid crystal panel that is disposed closer to the viewer than the display panel, and the display panel and the switch liquid crystal panel.
- a first polarizing plate disposed; a second polarizing plate disposed closer to the viewer than the switch liquid crystal panel; a position sensor that acquires position information of the viewer; and a transmission region along a predetermined alignment direction.
- a control unit configured to move a parallax barrier formed periodically with a non-transmissive region along the alignment direction according to the position information and to display the parallax barrier on the switch liquid crystal panel.
- the width of the transmissive region is larger than the width along the alignment direction of the openings of the plurality of pixels.
- the switch liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate disposed on the display panel side, a first alignment film formed on the first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, A second alignment film formed on the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the rubbing direction of the first alignment film is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizing plate, and the rubbing direction of the second alignment film is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a configuration of a stereoscopic display device that can reduce a change in luminance when the observer moves by improving the angle dependency of luminance.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a process performed by the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for describing stereoscopic display when the parallax barrier is fixed.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram for describing stereoscopic display when the parallax barrier is fixed.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram for describing stereoscopic display when the parallax barrier is fixed.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for describing stereoscopic display when the parallax barrier is fixed.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram for describing stereoscopic display when the parallax barrier is fixed.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram for
- FIG. 5A is a diagram for explaining the principle of stereoscopic display by the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram for explaining the principle of stereoscopic display by the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5C is a view for explaining the principle of stereoscopic display by the stereoscopic display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a plan view showing the configuration of the first substrate of the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 6B is a plan view showing the configuration of the second substrate of the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing a part of the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 9 shows a direction DR0 parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the output side of the display panel, a rubbing direction DR1 of the alignment film formed on the first substrate, and a rubbing direction DR2 of the alignment film formed on the second substrate. It is a top view which shows typically the relationship.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the rubbing direction DR1, the rubbing direction DR2, the transmission axis direction DR0 of the display-nell-side polarizing plate, and the observer-side polarizing plate transmission axis direction DR3.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram for explaining the direction of rotation of liquid crystal molecules.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram for explaining the direction of rotation of liquid crystal molecules.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram for explaining the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram for explaining the direction of rotation of liquid crystal molecules.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram for explaining a turning direction of liquid crystal molecules.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the first substrate.
- FIG. 13B is a diagram for explaining an example of the manufacturing method of the first substrate.
- FIG. 13C is a diagram for describing an example of a method of manufacturing the first substrate.
- FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one of the barrier lighting states displayed on the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another one of the barrier lighting states displayed on the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a pixel of the display panel.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating a relationship between pixels and barriers and slits formed by the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically illustrating the angular characteristics of luminance of the stereoscopic display device.
- FIG. 18A is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a two-dot chain line XVIII in FIG. 17, and schematically shows a change in luminance when the observer moves relatively slowly.
- FIG. 18B is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a two-dot chain line XVIII in FIG. 17, and schematically shows a change in luminance when the observer moves relatively quickly.
- FIG. 18A is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a two-dot chain line XVIII in FIG. 17, and schematically shows a change in luminance when the observer moves relatively quickly.
- FIG. 18A is an
- FIG. 19A is a diagram schematically illustrating a case where the slit width is narrower than the width of the opening.
- FIG. 19B is a diagram schematically illustrating a case where the slit width is approximately equal to the width of the opening.
- FIG. 19C is a diagram schematically illustrating a case where the slit width is wider than the width of the opening.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram schematically showing the angular characteristics of luminance when the width of the slit is changed.
- FIG. 21A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state before switching the barrier lighting state.
- FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in the middle of switching the barrier lighting state.
- FIG. 21A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state before switching the barrier lighting state.
- FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in the middle of switching the barrier lighting state.
- FIG. 21C is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state after the barrier lighting state is switched.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram schematically illustrating the behavior of light when the switch liquid crystal panel is disposed closer to the viewer than the display panel.
- FIG. 22B is a diagram schematically illustrating the behavior of light when the display panel is disposed closer to the viewer than the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically illustrating a luminance characteristic when the lens effect is not considered and a luminance characteristic when the lens effect is considered.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating luminance characteristics when the rubbing direction of the alignment films of the first substrate and the second substrate and the axial angle of the polarizing plate are changed.
- FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of the curves C1 and C4 extracted from FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a stereoscopic display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is an enlarged sectional view showing a part of the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one of the barrier lighting states of the switch liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 29 is a table summarizing the configuration of the produced stereoscopic display device, and the evaluation results of the crosstalk and the lens effect of each stereoscopic display device.
- a stereoscopic display device includes a display panel that displays an image by a plurality of pixels, a switch liquid crystal panel that is disposed closer to the viewer than the display panel, and a space between the display panel and the switch liquid crystal panel.
- a first polarizing plate disposed on the viewer, a second polarizing plate disposed closer to the viewer than the switch liquid crystal panel, a position sensor that acquires position information of the viewer, and a transmission region along a predetermined alignment direction.
- a parallax barrier formed periodically with a non-transmissive region is moved along the alignment direction in accordance with the position information and displayed on the switch liquid crystal panel.
- the width of the transmissive region is larger than the width along the alignment direction of the openings of the plurality of pixels.
- the switch liquid crystal panel is formed on the first substrate disposed on the display panel side, the first alignment film formed on the first substrate, the second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and the second substrate. And a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the rubbing direction of the first alignment film is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizing plate, and the rubbing direction of the second alignment film is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate (first configuration).
- a parallax barrier in which a transmissive region and a non-transmissive region are periodically formed along a predetermined alignment direction is displayed on the switch liquid crystal panel.
- the width of the transmissive region larger than the width of the openings of the plurality of pixels, it is possible to prevent the pixel to be displayed from being blocked by the non-transmissive region even if the observer moves slightly from an appropriate position. Therefore, the angle dependency of luminance can be improved.
- the switch liquid crystal panel is arranged closer to the viewer than the display panel. At this time, the switch liquid crystal panel may act like a lens, condensing light from the display panel and deteriorating the luminance characteristics.
- the rubbing direction of the first alignment film is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizing plate
- the rubbing direction of the second alignment film is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate. Accordingly, the lens effect is improved as compared with the case where the rubbing direction of the first alignment film is parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the rubbing direction of the second alignment film is parallel to the absorption axis of the second polarizing film. Can be suppressed. By suppressing the lens effect, the angle dependency of luminance can be improved.
- the rubbing direction of the second alignment film is preferably a direction obtained by rotating the rubbing direction of the first alignment film counterclockwise as viewed from the observer side (second configuration).
- the rubbing direction of the second alignment film is set to a direction in which the rubbing direction of the first alignment film is rotated counterclockwise as viewed from the observer side.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer of the switch liquid crystal panel is such that when no voltage is applied between the first substrate and the second substrate, from the light source side toward the second substrate from the first substrate. Rotate counterclockwise.
- the lens effect can be suppressed as compared with the case where the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is rotated clockwise. By suppressing the lens effect, the angle dependency of luminance can be improved.
- the control unit moves the parallax barrier with a predetermined barrier switching pitch as a minimum unit, and the width A along the alignment direction of the openings of the plurality of pixels is the width of the transmission region.
- Is preferably Wsl
- the width of the non-transmissive region is Wbr
- the barrier switching pitch is Pe (third configuration).
- the width of the opening is equal to or less than the width obtained by subtracting the width of the liquid crystal operating during switching of the parallax barrier (double the barrier switching pitch) from the width of the transmission region. Further, the width of the opening is equal to or less than the width obtained by subtracting the width of the liquid crystal operating during switching of the parallax barrier (a width twice the barrier switching pitch) from the width of the non-transmissive region. This prevents the pixel to be displayed from being blocked by the non-transmissive region before and after switching the barrier lighting state. In addition, pixels that are to be shielded by the non-transmissive region are not displayed before and after switching of the barrier lighting state. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a change in luminance before and after switching of the barrier lighting state.
- control unit preferably displays the parallax barrier on the switch liquid crystal panel so that the width of the transmissive region is equal to the width of the non-transmissive region (fourth configuration).
- the rubbing direction of the first alignment film and the rubbing direction of the second alignment film are preferably different by 90 ° (fifth configuration).
- the switch liquid crystal panel is formed on the first substrate, and includes a first electrode group including a plurality of electrodes arranged at predetermined intervals along the alignment direction, and a second substrate.
- the barrier switching pitch can be made half of the interval between the first electrode group and the second electrode group, and the parallax barrier position can be switched more finely. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the change in luminance and the deterioration of crosstalk.
- the display panel may be a liquid crystal display panel (seventh configuration).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a stereoscopic display device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 includes a display panel 10, a switch liquid crystal panel 20, and an adhesive resin 30.
- the display panel 10 and the switch liquid crystal panel 20 are arranged so that the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is on the viewer 90 side, and are bonded together by an adhesive resin 30.
- the display panel 10 includes a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) substrate 11, a CF (Color Filter) substrate 12, a liquid crystal layer 13, and polarizing plates 14 and 15.
- the display panel 10 controls the TFT substrate 11 and the CF substrate 12 to manipulate the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 13 to display an image.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 includes a first substrate 21, a second substrate 22, a liquid crystal layer 23, and a polarizing plate 24.
- the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are arranged so as to face each other.
- the liquid crystal layer 23 is sandwiched between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22.
- the polarizing plate 24 is disposed on the viewer 90 side.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 controls the potential of these electrodes, manipulates the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 23, and changes the behavior of light passing through the liquid crystal layer 23. More specifically, the switch liquid crystal panel 23 includes a non-transmission region (barrier) that blocks light and a transmission region that transmits light by the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 23 and the action of the polarizing plate 15 and the polarizing plate 24. (Slit). Detailed structures and operations of the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 will be described later.
- the thickness of the TFT substrate 11 and the CF substrate 12 is, for example, 200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the polarizing plate 14 and the polarizing plate 15 is, for example, 130 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 is, for example, 350 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the adhesive resin 30 is, for example, 50 ⁇ m.
- the polarizing plate 15 may be disposed on the switch liquid crystal panel 20. That is, the polarizing plate 15 may be disposed on the surface of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 on the display panel 10 side of the first substrate 21, and the adhesive resin 30 may be disposed between the polarizing plate 15 and the CF substrate 12.
- the direction parallel to the line segment connecting the left eye 90L and the right eye 90R of the observer 90 when the observer 90 and the stereoscopic display device 1 face each other (the x direction in FIG. 1) is referred to as a horizontal direction.
- a direction (y direction in FIG. 1) perpendicular to the horizontal direction in the plane of the display panel 10 is referred to as a vertical direction.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the stereoscopic display device 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of processing by the stereoscopic display device 1.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 further includes a control unit 40 and a position sensor 41.
- the control unit 40 includes a calculation unit 42, a switch liquid crystal panel drive unit 43, and a display panel drive unit 44.
- the display panel drive unit 44 drives the display panel 10 based on a video signal input from the outside, and causes the display panel 10 to display an image.
- the position sensor 41 acquires the position information of the observer 90 (step S1).
- the position sensor 41 is, for example, a camera or an infrared sensor.
- the position sensor 41 supplies the acquired position information to the calculation unit 42 of the control unit 40.
- the calculation unit 42 analyzes the position information of the observer 90 supplied from the position sensor 41, and calculates the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the observer 90 (step S2).
- the position coordinates can be calculated by, for example, an eye tracking system that detects the position of the eyes of the observer 90 by image processing.
- the calculation of the position coordinates may be performed by a head tracking system that detects the position of the head of the observer 90 using infrared rays.
- the calculation unit 42 further determines the barrier lighting state of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 according to the position coordinates of the observer 90 (step S3). That is, the position of the barrier of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 and the position of the slit are determined according to the position coordinates of the observer 90.
- the calculation unit 42 supplies the information on the determined barrier lighting state to the switch liquid crystal panel drive unit 43.
- the switch liquid crystal panel drive unit 43 drives the switch liquid crystal panel 20 based on the information supplied from the calculation unit 42 (step S4). Thereafter, steps S1 to S4 are repeated.
- the display panel 10 includes a plurality of pixels 110. On the pixel 110, the right-eye image (R) and the left-eye image (L) are alternately displayed in the horizontal direction.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is formed with a barrier BR that blocks light and a slit SL that transmits light at predetermined intervals.
- interval PP between the pixels 110 and the interval ⁇ between the barrier BRs are defined such that the distance from the display surface of the display panel 10 to the barrier BR is S1, the distance from the barrier BR to the observer 90 is S2, and S2 is relative to S1.
- S1 the distance from the barrier BR to the observer 90 is S2
- S2 is relative to S1.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a state in which the observer 90 has moved from FIG. 4A in the horizontal direction.
- both the right-eye image (R) and the left-eye image (L) appear in the right eye 90R of the observer 90.
- both the right-eye image (R) and the left-eye image (L) appear in the left eye 90L. That is, crosstalk occurs, and the observer 90 cannot feel a stereoscopic effect.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram showing a state where the observer 90 has moved further in the horizontal direction from FIG. 4B.
- the left-eye image (L) appears in the right eye 90R of the observer 90
- the right-eye image (R) appears in the left eye 90L.
- the viewer 90 since the video image that should be in the back is observed in the foreground and the video image that should be in the foreground is observed in the back, the viewer 90 cannot feel the correct stereoscopic effect and feels uncomfortable. Will be given.
- the control unit 40 changes the barrier lighting state of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 according to the position information (position coordinates) of the observer 90. Accordingly, the observer 90 can always feel a three-dimensional effect, and crosstalk and a reverse viewing state can be prevented from occurring.
- FIG. 6A is a plan view showing the configuration of the first substrate 21 of the switch liquid crystal panel 20.
- a first electrode group 211 is formed on the first substrate 21.
- the first electrode group 211 includes a plurality of electrodes arranged at an electrode interval BP along the x direction. Each of the plurality of electrodes extends in the y direction and is arranged in parallel to each other.
- a wiring group 212 electrically connected to the first electrode group 211 is formed on the first substrate 21.
- the wiring group 212 is preferably formed outside a portion (active area AA) that overlaps the display area of the display panel 10 when the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is overlapped with the display panel 10.
- FIG. 6B is a plan view showing the configuration of the second substrate 22 of the switch liquid crystal panel 20.
- a second electrode group 221 is formed on the second substrate 22.
- the second electrode group 221 includes a plurality of electrodes arranged at the electrode interval BP along the x direction. Each of the plurality of electrodes extends in the y direction and is arranged in parallel to each other.
- a wiring group 222 electrically connected to the second electrode group 221 is formed on the second substrate 22. Similar to the wiring group 212, the wiring group 222 is preferably formed outside the active area AA.
- Twelve systems of signals V A to V L are supplied from the control unit 40 to the first electrode group 211 and the second electrode group 221. More specifically, six signals V B , V D , V F , V H , V J , and V L are supplied to the first electrode group 211 through the wiring group 212. Six systems of signals V A , V C , V E , V G , V I , and V K are supplied to the second electrode group 221 through the wiring group 222.
- the electrodes each electrode 211B that V L is supplied 211D, 211F, 211H, 211J, 211L
- wirings electrically connected to the electrodes 211B, 211D, 211F, 211H, 211J, and 211L are referred to as wirings 212B, 212D, 212F, 212H, 212J, and 212L for reference.
- electrodes to which signals V A , V C , V E , V G , V I , and V K are supplied are electrodes 221A, 221C, 221E, 221G, 221I, and 221K, respectively. Call and refer.
- the wirings electrically connected to the electrodes 221A, 221C, 221E, 221G, 221I, and 221K are referred to as wirings 222A, 222C, 222E, 222G, 222I, and 222K.
- the electrodes 211B, 211D, 211F, 211H, 211J, and 211L are periodically arranged in this order in the x direction. In other words, six electrodes adjacent to a certain electrode are arranged so as to be supplied with the same signal as that electrode. Similarly, the electrodes 221A, 221C, 221E, 221G, 221I, and 221K are periodically arranged in the x direction in this order.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the stereoscopic display device 1.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the switch liquid crystal panel 20.
- the first electrode group 211 and the second electrode group 221 are arranged so as to be shifted from each other in the x direction.
- the first electrode group 211 and the second electrode group 221 are preferably arranged so as to be shifted from each other by half the electrode interval BP in the x direction, as in the example of FIG.
- the electrode interval BP is the sum of the electrode width W and the gap S between the electrodes.
- BP ⁇ / 6 ⁇ PP / 3.
- An alignment film 216 and an alignment film 226 are formed on the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22, respectively.
- the alignment film 216 formed on the first substrate 21 and the alignment film 226 formed on the second substrate 22 are rubbed in a direction crossing each other.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 23 are in a so-called Twisted Nematic orientation in which the orientation direction rotates (turns) from the first substrate 21 toward the second substrate 22 when no voltage is applied.
- the polarizing plate 15 and the polarizing plate 24 are arranged so that the light transmission axes intersect each other. That is, the switch liquid crystal panel 20 according to the present embodiment is a so-called normally white liquid crystal in which the transmittance is maximized when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 23.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 it is preferable to employ a twisted nematic having a high transmittance as the alignment film. Moreover, it is preferable to employ normally white as the arrangement of the polarizing plates. The normally white liquid crystal is in a state in which no voltage is applied in the two-dimensional display mode, so that power consumption can be reduced.
- FIG. 9 shows a direction DR0 parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 (FIGS. 1 and 10) of the display panel 10, the rubbing direction DR1 of the alignment film 216 formed on the first substrate 21, and the second substrate 22. It is a top view which shows typically the relationship with the rubbing direction DR2 of the formed alignment film 226.
- FIG. The white arrow indicates the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 23 (FIG. 7) from the first substrate 21 to the second substrate 22.
- An ellipse denoted by reference numeral 23 a schematically represents the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the center in the thickness direction (z direction) of the liquid crystal layer 23.
- the rubbing direction DR1 is a direction of 63 ° in this coordinate system.
- the rubbing direction DR2 is a direction of 153 ° in this coordinate system.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the rubbing direction DR1, the rubbing direction DR2, the direction DR0 parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15, and the direction DR3 parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24.
- the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 and the rubbing direction DR1 are arranged in parallel
- the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24 and the rubbing direction DR2 are arranged in parallel. Has been.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the twisted nematic liquid crystal can take a right turn or a left turn as a turning direction.
- FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 12A, and FIG. 12B right rotation and left rotation are defined.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 12A are diagrams schematically showing how the liquid crystal molecules 23 a of the liquid crystal layer 23 rotate from the first substrate 21 toward the second substrate 22.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 12A in order to make the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 23a easier to understand, one end of the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 23a is indicated by a circle.
- FIG. 11A shows a case where the alignment film of the first substrate 21 is rubbed in the rubbing direction DR_A, which is the positive side in the x direction, and the alignment film of the second substrate 22 is rubbed in the rubbing direction DR_B, which is the negative side in the y direction.
- FIG. 11B is a plan view showing the relationship between the rubbing direction DR_A and the rubbing direction DR_B as seen from the viewer side.
- the white arrow in FIG. 11B indicates the direction of rotation of the liquid crystal molecules 23a from the first substrate 21 to the second substrate 22 as viewed from the viewer side.
- the liquid crystal molecules 23a are given a pretilt by rubbing treatment. That is, as shown in FIG. 11A, the liquid crystal molecules 23a rise in the rubbing direction. In the case of FIG. 11A, the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate 21 side rise up toward the x direction plus side, and the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 22 side rise up toward the y direction minus side. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules 23a rotate clockwise (clockwise) when viewed from the light source side. It is defined as right-handed rotation that the molecular major axis of liquid crystal molecules rotates clockwise as viewed from the light source side as it goes from the substrate on which light is incident to the substrate on which light is emitted.
- FIG. 12A shows a case where the alignment film of the first substrate 21 is rubbed in the rubbing direction DR_A, which is the positive side in the x direction, and the alignment film of the second substrate 22 is rubbed in the rubbing direction DR_C, which is the positive side in the y direction.
- FIG. 12B is a plan view showing the relationship between the rubbing direction DR_A and the rubbing direction DR_C as viewed from the observer side.
- the white arrow in FIG. 11B indicates the direction of rotation of the liquid crystal molecules 23a from the first substrate 21 to the second substrate 22 as viewed from the viewer side.
- the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate 21 side rise up toward the positive side in the x direction
- the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 22 side rise up toward the positive side in the y direction. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules 23a rotate counterclockwise (counterclockwise) when viewed from the light source side.
- the left-handed rotation is defined as the molecular long axis of liquid crystal molecules rotating counterclockwise as viewed from the light source side from the substrate on which light is incident toward the substrate on which light is emitted.
- the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is determined by the rubbing direction of the first substrate 21 and the rubbing direction of the second substrate 22.
- a chiral material corresponding to the turning direction is added to the liquid crystal layer 23 in order to suppress reverse tilt that causes alignment failure.
- the liquid crystal molecules are configured so that the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is counterclockwise. Accordingly, it is preferable that a left-handed chiral material is added to the liquid crystal layer 23.
- the second substrate 22 can have the same configuration as the first substrate 21 and can be manufactured in the same manner as the first substrate 21.
- a first electrode group 211 and a relay electrode 213 are formed on a substrate 210.
- the relay electrode 213 is an electrode for relaying the wiring group 212 formed in a later process.
- the substrate 210 is a substrate having translucency and insulating properties, for example, a glass substrate.
- the first electrode group 211 preferably has translucency.
- the relay electrode 213 is formed in the active area, it is preferable that the relay electrode 213 also has translucency.
- the relay electrode 213 is not required to have translucency.
- the first electrode group 211 and the relay electrode 213 are, for example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- the relay electrode 213 When the relay electrode 213 is formed outside the active area, the relay electrode 213 may be aluminum, for example.
- the first electrode group 211 and the relay electrode 213 are formed by sputtering or CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), for example, and patterned by photolithography.
- an insulating film 214 is formed to cover the substrate 210, the first electrode group 211, and the relay electrode 213.
- a contact hole 214a and a contact hole 214b are formed in the insulating film 214.
- the contact hole 214a is formed at a position where the first electrode group 211 and the wiring group 212 formed in the next step are connected.
- the contact hole 214b is formed at a position where the relay electrode 213 and the wiring group 212 are connected.
- the insulating film 214 preferably has translucency, for example, SiN.
- the insulating film 214 is formed by, for example, CVD, and the contact hole 214a and the contact hole 214b are formed by photolithography. In the case where the wiring group 212 is formed outside the active area, patterning may be performed so that the insulating film 214 is formed only outside the active area.
- a wiring group 212 is formed.
- the wiring group 212 is connected to the first electrode group 211 through the contact hole 214a, and is connected to the relay electrode 213 through the contact hole 214b.
- the wiring group 212 preferably has high conductivity, for example, aluminum.
- the wiring group 212 may be ITO.
- the wiring group 212 is formed by sputtering and patterned by photolithography.
- the wirings 212B, 212D, 212F, 212H, 212J, and 212L are connected to the electrodes 211B, 211D, 211F, 211H, 211J, and 211L, respectively.
- the first electrode group 211 and the wiring group 212 can be crossed in a plan view.
- one end portion of the wiring group 212 is gathered in the vicinity of the peripheral portion of the substrate 21 to form a terminal portion 212a.
- An FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) or the like is connected to the terminal portion 212a.
- wirings are connected to both sides of each electrode of the electrode group 211 in the y direction.
- a set of wirings connected to both sides of each electrode in the electrode group 211 in the y direction are connected to each other by a relay electrode 213.
- FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one of the barrier lighting states displayed on the switch liquid crystal panel 20.
- the control unit 40 (FIG. 2) sets a part of electrodes included in one electrode group selected from the first electrode group 211 and the second electrode group 221 and the other electrode to have opposite polarities.
- electrodes having different polarities are schematically shown with a sand pattern. Similar expressions are used in FIG. 14B and FIGS. 21A to 21C and 28 described later.
- the electrodes 211B, 211D, and 211L included in the second electrode group 211 and the other electrodes have opposite polarities.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is a normally white liquid crystal. Therefore, the barrier BR is formed in a portion where the electrode 221A and the electrode 211B overlap in plan view (xy plan view).
- a barrier BR is formed in a portion where the electrode 211B, the electrode 221C, the electrode 221C, the electrode 211D, the electrode 211D, the electrode 221E, the electrode 221K, the electrode 211L, and the electrode 211L, the electrode 221A overlap in plan view. Is done.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is a normally white liquid crystal. Therefore, the slit SL is formed in a portion where the electrode 221E and the electrode 211F overlap in plan view.
- a slit SL is formed at a portion where the electrode 211F and the electrode 221G, the electrode 221G and the electrode 211H, the electrode 211H and the electrode 221I, the electrode 221I and the electrode 211J, and the electrode 211J and the electrode 221K overlap in plan view. Is done.
- the barrier BR is formed in a portion overlapping with the electrodes 211B, 211D, and 211L in plan view
- the slit SL is formed in a portion overlapping with the electrodes 211F, 211H, and 211J in plan view.
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another one of the barrier lighting states displayed on the switch liquid crystal panel 20.
- FIG. 14B also schematically shows the electrodes having different polarities with a sand pattern.
- the electrodes 221A, 221C, 221K included in the second electrode group 221 and the other electrodes have opposite polarities.
- the barrier BR is formed in a portion overlapping with the electrodes 221A, 221C, 221K in plan view
- the slit SL is formed in a portion overlapping with the electrodes 221E, 221G, 221I in plan view.
- the barrier lighting state can be controlled with half of the electrode interval BP as a minimum unit.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view for explaining the configuration of the pixel 110 of the display panel 10.
- the pixel 110 includes three sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c arranged along the y direction, and a black matrix BM formed therebetween.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c display, for example, red, green, and blue, respectively.
- the black matrix BM improves the contrast of the display panel 10 by blocking light from the backlight.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the pixel 110 and the barrier BR and the slit SL formed by the switch liquid crystal panel 20.
- the barrier BR is hatched.
- the width of the barrier BR is Wbr
- the width of the slit SL is Wsl.
- Pe is the minimum unit (barrier switching pitch) that can control the barrier lighting state. As described above, in the present embodiment, the barrier switching pitch Pe is equal to half of the electrode interval BP.
- the barrier lighting state of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is controlled so that Wbr ⁇ Wsl.
- A be the width of the opening of the pixel 110 along the alignment direction (x direction) of the barrier BR.
- Wsl, Wbr, A, and Pe satisfy the following formulas (1) and (2).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically illustrating the angular characteristics of the luminance of the stereoscopic display device 1.
- a L (R1) and A L (R2) are angular characteristics of luminance when white (bright) is displayed on the display panel 10 as the left-eye image and black (dark) is displayed as the right-eye image.
- a R (R1) and A R (R2) are angular characteristics of luminance when white (bright) is displayed as the right-eye image and black (dark) is displayed as the left-eye image on the display panel 10.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 switches the barrier lighting state of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 when the observer moves from the region R1 to the region R2.
- a L (R1) and A R (R1) are luminance characteristics before the barrier lighting state is switched, that is, when the observer is in the region R1.
- a L (R2) and A R (R2) are luminance characteristics after the barrier lighting state is switched, that is, when the observer is in the region R2.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 has an angle ⁇ formed by the normal line of the stereoscopic display panel and a line segment connecting the center of the stereoscopic display panel 10 to the center of the left and right eyes of the observer.
- the barrier lighting state is switched when a predetermined threshold value ⁇ 1 for determining the boundary with the region R2 is reached.
- FIG. 18A and 18B are enlarged views showing a portion surrounded by a two-dot chain line XVIII in FIG.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram schematically illustrating a change in luminance when the observer moves relatively slowly.
- FIG. 18B is a diagram schematically illustrating a change in luminance when the observer moves relatively quickly.
- the switching of the barrier lighting state is performed by acquiring position information of the observer by the position sensor 41 (FIG. 2) (step S ⁇ b> 1) and calculating position information by the calculation unit 42 (FIG. 2).
- Step S2), determination of the barrier lighting state (step S3), and driving of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 by the switch liquid crystal panel drive unit 43 (FIG. 2) (step S4) are performed.
- the calculation of position information (step S2) by the calculation unit 42 (FIG. 2) includes, for example, face recognition by the eye tracking system, detection of eye position coordinates, and the like.
- step S4 In order to reduce this luminance change, it is preferable to shorten the delay in switching the barrier lighting state. In order to shorten the delay in switching the barrier lighting state, it is preferable to increase the speed of steps S1 to S4. However, there is a limit to increasing the speed of steps S1 to S4, and it is difficult to cope with all the quick movements of the observer.
- the speed of driving the switch liquid crystal panel 20 (step S4) is difficult to control because the response of the liquid crystal changes depending on the environmental temperature.
- the luminance change can be reduced even when a delay occurs in switching the barrier lighting state.
- the luminance change can be reduced by flattening the luminance characteristics.
- each of A L (R1), A R (R1), A L (R2), and A R (R2) (FIG. 17) is a curve with a flat apex and a wide width.
- 19A to 19C are diagrams schematically showing the relationship between the width A of the pixel opening along the barrier alignment direction and the width Wsl of the slit.
- 19A shows a case where the slit width Wsl is smaller than the opening width A
- FIG. 19B shows a case where the slit width Wsl is equal to the opening width A
- FIG. 19C shows that the slit width Wsl is wider than the opening width A. Each case is shown.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram schematically showing the angular characteristics of luminance when the slit width Wsl is changed.
- the slit width Wsl is smaller than the opening width A (Wsl ⁇ A)
- the luminance characteristic becomes flat, but the maximum luminance is less than 50%.
- the maximum luminance is 50%, but the distribution is steep.
- the slit width Wsl is larger than the opening width A (Wsl> A)
- the luminance characteristics are flat and the maximum luminance is 50%.
- the width Wsl of the slit is larger than the width A of the opening. Therefore, the luminance characteristics of the stereoscopic display device 1 are flat, and the maximum luminance is 50%.
- FIG. 21A to 21C are cross-sectional views schematically showing the state before and after the barrier lighting state is moved by one unit. More specifically, FIG. 21A shows a state before the barrier lighting state is switched, FIG. 21B shows a state in the middle of switching the barrier lighting state, and FIG. 21C shows a state after the barrier lighting state is switched. .
- a barrier BR is formed in a region overlapping with the electrodes 211B, 211D, and 211L in a plan view, and a slit SL is formed in a region overlapping with the electrodes 211F, 211H, and 211J in a plan view.
- a barrier BR is formed in a region overlapping with the electrodes 221A, 221C, and 221K in plan view, and a slit SL is formed in a region overlapping with the electrodes 221E, 221G, and 221I in plan view.
- the region R DE where the electrode 211D and the electrode 221E overlap in a plan view is switched from the barrier BR to the slit SL.
- the region R JK where the electrode 211J and the electrode 221K overlap in a plan view is switched from the slit SL in the barrier BR. That is, when the barrier lighting state is switched, an area twice as large as the barrier switching pitch Pe operates.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 23 is low is slower than the response speed of the liquid crystal when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 23 is high. This is because the response speed of the liquid crystal when the applied voltage is lowered is mainly determined by the physical properties of the liquid crystal and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and is difficult to control. Therefore, the time required for the region R DE to switch from the barrier BR to the slit SL is longer than the time required for the region R JK to switch from the slit SL to the barrier BR. For this reason, in the state of FIG. 21B, the width of the slit SL is temporarily narrowed. As a result, a luminance change may occur.
- the correction parameter becomes complicated. For this reason, it is preferable to adopt a configuration in which a luminance change does not occur even when the response speed of the liquid crystal layer 23 is different between the region R DE and the region R JK .
- the slit width Wsl, the barrier width Wbr, the opening width A, and the barrier switching pitch Pe satisfy the expressions (1) and (2). That is, the width A of the opening is equal to or less than the width obtained by subtracting the width of the liquid crystal that operates during switching of the barrier lighting state (twice the width of the barrier switching pitch Pe) from the width Wsl of the slit. Further, the width A of the opening is equal to or smaller than the width obtained by subtracting the width of the liquid crystal operating during switching of the barrier lighting state (double the barrier switching pitch) from the width Wbr of the barrier.
- pixels to be displayed from being blocked by the barrier BR before and after switching the barrier lighting state.
- pixels that are to be shielded by the barrier BR are not displayed before and after the switching of the barrier lighting state. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a change in luminance before and after switching of the barrier lighting state. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress a change in luminance caused by the response speed of the liquid crystal.
- the slit width Wsl and the barrier width Wbr are further made equal.
- the width Wsl of the slit and the width Wbr of the barrier are equal, the width A of the opening that satisfies the expressions (1) and (2) can be set to be the largest.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram schematically showing the behavior of light when the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is arranged closer to the viewer than the display panel 10 (front barrier method), as in the stereoscopic display device 1 according to the present embodiment. It is.
- FIG. 22B is a diagram schematically illustrating the behavior of light when the display panel 10 is disposed closer to the viewer than the switch liquid crystal panel 20 (rear barrier method).
- the light that has passed through the switch liquid crystal panel 20 passes through the display panel 10.
- the rear barrier method light diffusion or diffraction occurs inside the display panel 10 and the separation characteristics are deteriorated.
- the front barrier method has higher separation characteristics and lower crosstalk than the rear barrier method.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 is a front barrier system as described above. Therefore, a stereoscopic image with low crosstalk can be displayed.
- liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 23 of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 have refractive index anisotropy. For this reason, the liquid crystal layer 23 may act like a lens at the boundary between the slit and the barrier.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically illustrating the luminance characteristic A L 1 when the lens effect is not considered and the luminance characteristic A L 2 when the lens effect is considered.
- the luminance characteristic A L 2 is condensed by the liquid crystal layer 23 and becomes brighter than when there is no lens effect. Therefore, in the case of the front barrier method, the luminance characteristics are not flat even when the slit width Wsl> the opening width A. Further, the magnitude of the lens effect varies depending on the size of the slit width Wsl.
- the rubbing direction is aligned with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 and the rubbing direction DR1 are arranged in parallel, and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24 and the rubbing direction DR2 are arranged in parallel. .
- the rubbing direction is aligned with the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, that is, the absorption axis of the polarizing plate 15 and the rubbing direction DR1 are arranged in parallel, The lens effect can be suppressed as compared with the case where the rubbing direction DR2 is arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing luminance characteristics when the rubbing directions of the alignment films of the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are changed.
- a curve C1 shows luminance characteristics when the rubbing axis is aligned with the transmission axis and the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is counterclockwise.
- a curve C2 shows luminance characteristics when the rubbing axis is aligned with the transmission axis and the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is right-handed.
- a curve C3 shows luminance characteristics when the rubbing direction is aligned with the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is counterclockwise.
- a curve C4 shows luminance characteristics when the rubbing axis is aligned with the absorption axis and the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is right-handed.
- FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of the curves C1 and C4 extracted from FIG. As shown in FIG. 25, in the curve C4, the part attached with the symbol A0 in the figure becomes dark, and the part attached with the reference B0 in the figure becomes bright. That is, the light of the A0 portion is condensed to B0. On the other hand, the curve C1 is relatively flat. That is, the lens effect is suppressed.
- the lens when the rubbing axis is aligned with the transmission axis (C1, C2), the lens is larger than when the rubbing direction is aligned with the absorption axis of the polarizing plate (C3, C4). The effect can be suppressed.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 is further configured such that the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is left-handed. Comparing the curves C1 and C3 and the curves C2 and C4 in FIG. 24, the liquid crystal molecules are rotated counterclockwise (C1, C3) and the liquid crystal molecules are rotated clockwise (C2). , C4), the lens effect can be suppressed.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is arranged closer to the viewer than the display device 10, thereby improving the separation characteristics and improving the display quality of the stereoscopic image.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 flattens the luminance characteristics by making the slit width Wsl of the parallax barrier larger than the width A of the opening.
- (A) the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is left-handed, and (B) the rubbing direction is aligned with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. Accordingly, the stereoscopic display device 1 suppresses the lens effect of the liquid crystal layer 23 and further flattens the luminance characteristics.
- the effect which suppresses a lens effect is acquired only by either one of the structure of said (A) and (B).
- the rubbing direction and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate may form an angle other than parallel or vertical.
- the slit width Wsl, the barrier width Wbr, the opening width A, and the barrier switching pitch Pe satisfy the expressions (1) and (2). Thereby, even when there is a difference in the response speed of the liquid crystal layer 23, it is possible to prevent a change in luminance. However, when there is no difference in the response speed of the liquid crystal layer 23, or when correction is performed by another method, this configuration may not be employed.
- the example in which the first electrode group 211 and the second electrode group 221 are configured by a total of 12 types of electrodes has been described.
- This configuration is an example, and the number of electrodes constituting the first electrode group 211 and the second electrode group is arbitrary.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the stereoscopic display device 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the stereoscopic display device 2 includes a switch liquid crystal panel 60 instead of the switch liquid crystal panel 20.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 60 includes a first substrate 61 instead of the first substrate 21 of the switch liquid crystal panel 20, and includes a second substrate 62 instead of the second substrate 22.
- electrodes 611A to 611L to which 12 systems of signals V A to V L are supplied are formed on the first substrate 61.
- the electrodes 611A to 611L are periodically formed in the x direction, like the electrodes 211B to 211K of the first substrate 21.
- a common electrode 621 COM is formed so as to cover substantially the entire active area of the second substrate 62.
- the common electrode 621COM, signal V COM is supplied.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the switch liquid crystal panel 60 in an enlarged manner.
- BP ⁇ / 12 ⁇ PP / 6.
- the barrier switching pitch Pe is equal to BP.
- the pixel pitch PP of the display panel 10 is 96 ⁇ m
- the electrode width W 12 ⁇ m
- the gap S between electrodes S 4 ⁇ m
- the barrier switching pitch Pe ⁇ 16 ⁇ m. Is
- the switch liquid crystal panel 60 like the switch liquid crystal panel 20, is a twisted nematic liquid crystal and is a normally white liquid crystal. Similarly to the switch liquid crystal panel 20, the switch liquid crystal panel 60 has the swivel direction of the liquid crystal molecules left-handed and the rubbing direction aligned with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate.
- the slit width Wsl, the barrier width Wbr, the opening width A, and the barrier switching pitch Pe satisfy the expressions (1) and (2).
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one of the barrier lighting states of the switch liquid crystal panel 60.
- the common electrode 621COM, the electrodes 611D to 611I, and the other electrodes have opposite polarities.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 60 is a normally white liquid crystal. Therefore, the barrier BR is formed in a portion where the common electrode 621COM and the electrode 611A overlap in plan view (xy plan view).
- the common electrode 621COM and the electrode 611B, the common electrode 621COM and the electrode 611C, the common electrode 621COM and the electrode 611J, the common electrode 621COM and the electrode 611K, and the common electrode 621COM and the electrode 611L overlap in a plan view.
- a barrier BR is formed.
- the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is a normally white liquid crystal. Therefore, the slit SL is formed in a portion where the common electrode 621COM and the electrodes 611D to 611I overlap in a plan view.
- the slit SL is formed at a position overlapping with the electrode having the same polarity as the common electrode 621COM in plan view, and the barrier BR is formed at a position overlapping with other electrodes in plan view.
- the barrier lighting state can be controlled in units of the electrodes 611A to 611L.
- the barrier lighting state can be controlled with the electrode interval BP as the minimum unit. That is, the barrier switching pitch Pe is equal to the electrode interval BP.
- the stereoscopic display device 2 by disposing the switch liquid crystal panel 60 closer to the viewer than the display device 10, the separation characteristics are improved and the display quality of the stereoscopic image is improved.
- the stereoscopic display device 2 flattens the luminance characteristic by making the slit width Wsl of the parallax barrier larger than the width A of the opening.
- the turning direction of the liquid crystal molecules is counterclockwise, and the rubbing direction is aligned with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. Accordingly, the stereoscopic display device 2 suppresses the lens effect of the liquid crystal layer 23 and further flattens the luminance characteristics.
- the slit width Wsl, the barrier width Wbr, the opening width A, and the barrier switching pitch Pe satisfy the expressions (1) and (2). Thereby, even when there is a difference in the response speed of the liquid crystal layer 23, it is possible to prevent a change in luminance.
- a plurality of 3D display devices were manufactured by changing the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the switch liquid crystal panel. Except for the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the switch liquid crystal panel, it was produced according to the configuration of the stereoscopic display device 1.
- a liquid crystal display panel having a diagonal size of 3.5 inches and a resolution of WVGA (800 ⁇ 480) was used as the display panel 10.
- the pixel pitch PP in the horizontal direction of this liquid crystal display panel was 96 ⁇ m, and the horizontal width A of the opening of the pixel 110 was 62 ⁇ m.
- crosstalk evaluation and lens effect evaluation were performed. Evaluation of crosstalk is obtained when luminance angle characteristics are acquired with the barrier position fixed, and the minimum crosstalk value at each position is 1.0% or less, “low”, and larger than 1.0%. The case was defined as “high”. Similarly, in the evaluation of the lens effect, the luminance angle characteristic is acquired with the barrier position fixed, and when the minimum transmittance ⁇ maximum transmittance is 0.85 or less, “large”, the minimum transmittance ⁇ maximum transmittance is 0. The case where it was over 85 and less than 0.90 was “small”, and the case where the minimum transmittance ⁇ maximum transmittance was 0.90 or more was “small”. In addition, the ratio of the brightness at the time of 3D display (barrier on) to the time of 2D display (barrier off) was defined as the transmittance.
- FIG. 29 is a table summarizing the configuration of the produced stereoscopic display device, the crosstalk evaluation result, and the lens effect evaluation result of each stereoscopic display device.
- liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 23 of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 having a refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n of 0.11 is used, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 ( The cell thickness was 4.6 ⁇ m, and the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 was 506 nm.
- the alignment film was rubbed so that the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 23 was about 3 °.
- the swirl direction of the liquid crystal molecules is left-handed, a chiral material for left-handed rotation was added to the liquid crystal layer 23, and when the swirl direction of the liquid crystal molecules was right-handed, a chiral material for right-handed rotation was added.
- the direction (angle) will be described using the same coordinate system as in FIG. That is, when viewed from the light emission side (observer side), the 6 o'clock direction is 0 °, and the counterclockwise direction is the positive direction.
- the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the switch liquid crystal panel of each stereoscopic display device is schematically described.
- the broken arrow indicates the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the first substrate 21 (the substrate closer to the light source), and the solid arrow indicates the rubbing of the alignment film on the second substrate 22 (the substrate far from the light source). Shows direction.
- the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of each stereoscopic display device is schematically described.
- the broken line arrow indicates the direction parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 (the polarizing plate closer to the light source), and the solid line arrow indicates the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24 (the polarizing plate far from the light source). The parallel direction is shown.
- the stereoscopic display device of “left rotation_transmission axis alignment” has the swivel direction of the liquid crystal of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 set to the left and the rubbing direction aligned with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. More specifically, the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the first substrate 21 was set to 63 °, and the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the second substrate 22 was set to 153 °. The transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 was parallel to the ⁇ 117 ° direction, and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24 was parallel to the ⁇ 27 ° direction.
- the stereoscopic display device of “left rotation_absorption axis alignment” has the swivel direction of the liquid crystal of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 set to the left and the rubbing direction aligned with the absorption axis of the polarizing plate. More specifically, the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the first substrate 21 was set to 63 °, and the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the second substrate 22 was set to 153 °. The transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 was parallel to the ⁇ 27 ° direction, and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24 was parallel to the ⁇ 117 ° direction.
- the 3D display device of “right rotation_transmission axis alignment” has the liquid crystal turning direction of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 set to the right rotation and the rubbing direction aligned with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. More specifically, the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the first substrate 21 is set to ⁇ 27 °, and the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the second substrate 22 is set to ⁇ 117 °. The transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 was parallel to the ⁇ 27 ° direction, and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 24 was parallel to the ⁇ 117 ° direction.
- the turning direction of the liquid crystal of the switch liquid crystal panel 20 is set to the right rotation, and the rubbing direction is set to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate. More specifically, the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the first substrate 21 is set to ⁇ 27 °, and the rubbing direction of the alignment film of the second substrate 22 is set to ⁇ 117 °.
- the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 was parallel to the ⁇ 117 ° direction, and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 15 was parallel to the ⁇ 27 ° direction.
- the cross-talk can be kept low by arranging the switch liquid crystal panel 20 closer to the observer side than the three-dimensional display device 10.
- the “left rotation_absorption axis alignment” and “right rotation_absorption axis alignment” stereoscopic display devices had a large lens effect.
- the 3D display device of “right rotation_transmission axis alignment” has a small lens effect.
- the 3D display device of “left rotation_transmission axis alignment” had the smallest lens effect.
- the transmission axis alignment was preferable for the relationship between the rubbing direction and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. Further, it was confirmed that the swirl direction of the liquid crystal molecules is preferably left-handed rather than right-handed.
- liquid crystal display panel is used as the display panel 10
- an organic EL (ElectroLuminescence) panel may be used.
- MEMS Micro Electric Mechanical System
- plasma display panel may be used.
- the present invention can be used industrially as a stereoscopic display device.
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Abstract
Description
A≦Wsl-2Pe かつ
A≦Wbr-2Pe
以下、図面を参照し、本発明の実施の形態を詳しく説明する。図中同一または相当部分には同一符号を付してその説明は繰り返さない。なお、説明を分かりやすくするために、以下で参照する図面においては、構成が簡略化または模式化して示されたり、一部の構成部材が省略されたりしている。また、各図に示された構成部材間の寸法比は、必ずしも実際の寸法比を示すものではない。
[全体の構成]
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態にかかる立体表示装置1の構成を示す模式的断面図である。立体表示装置1は、表示パネル10と、スイッチ液晶パネル20と、接着樹脂30と備えている。表示パネル10とスイッチ液晶パネル20とは、スイッチ液晶パネル20が観察者90側になるように重ねて配置され、接着樹脂30によって貼り合わされている。
図6Aは、スイッチ液晶パネル20の第1基板21の構成を示す平面図である。第1基板21には、第1電極群211が形成されている。第1電極群211は、x方向に沿って電極間隔BPで配置された複数の電極を含んでいる。複数の電極のそれぞれは、y方向に延びて、互いに平行に配置されている。
次に、図14Aと図14Bとを参照して、スイッチ液晶パネル20の駆動方法を説明する。
図15は、表示パネル10の画素110の構成を説明するための平面図である。画素110は、y方向に沿って配置された3つのサブ画素110a、110b、および110cと、その間に形成されたブラックマトリクスBMとを含んでいる。サブ画素110a、110b、および110cは、例えばそれぞれ赤、緑、および青を表示する。ブラックマトリクスBMは、バックライトからの光を遮蔽して表示パネル10のコントラストを向上させる。
A≦Wsl-2Pe (1)
A≦Wbr-2Pe (2)
以下、本実施形態にかかる立体表示装置1の効果を説明する。
図26は、本発明の第2の実施形態にかかる立体表示装置2の概略構成を示す断面図である。立体表示装置2は、スイッチ液晶パネル20に代えてスイッチ液晶パネル60を備えている。
図28は、スイッチ液晶パネル60のバリア点灯状態の一つを模式的に示す断面図である。スイッチ液晶パネル60は、共通電極621COM、電極611D~電極611Iと、他の電極とを反対極性にする。
以下、本発明にかかる立体表示装置のより具体的な構成例を説明する。この構成例は、本発明を限定するものではない。
以上、本発明についての実施形態を説明したが、本発明は上述の各実施形態のみに限定されず、発明の範囲内で種々の変更が可能である。また、各実施形態は、適宜組み合わせて実施することが可能である。
Claims (7)
- 複数の画素によって画像を表示する表示パネルと、
前記表示パネルよりも観察者側に配置されるスイッチ液晶パネルと、
前記表示パネルと前記スイッチ液晶パネルとの間に配置される第1偏光板と、
前記スイッチ液晶パネルよりも観察者側に配置される第2偏光板と、
観察者の位置情報を取得する位置センサと、
所定の整列方向に沿って透過領域と非透過領域とが周期的に形成された視差バリアを、前記位置情報に応じて前記整列方向に沿って移動させて前記スイッチ液晶パネルに表示させる制御部とを備え、
前記透過領域の幅は、前記複数の画素の開口の前記整列方向に沿った幅よりも大きく、
前記スイッチ液晶パネルは、
前記表示パネル側に配置される第1基板と、
前記第1基板に形成される第1配向膜と、
前記第1基板に対向して配置される第2基板と、
前記第2基板に形成される第2配向膜と、
前記第1基板および前記第2基板の間に配置される液晶層とを含み、
前記第1配向膜のラビング方向は前記第1偏光板の透過軸と平行であり、
前記第2配向膜のラビング方向は前記第2偏光板の透過軸と平行である、立体表示装置。 - 前記第2配向膜のラビング方向は、観察者側からみて、前記第1配向膜のラビング方向を左回りに回転させた方向である、請求項1に記載の立体表示装置。
- 前記制御部は、所定のバリア切替ピッチを最小単位として前記視差バリアを移動させ、
前記複数の画素の開口の前記整列方向に沿った幅Aは、前記透過領域の幅をWsl、前記非透過領域の幅をWbr、前記バリア切替ピッチをPeとして下記の式を満たす、請求項1または2に記載の立体表示装置。
A≦Wsl-2Pe かつ
A≦Wbr-2Pe - 前記制御部は、前記透過領域の幅と前記非透過領域の幅とが等しくなるように前記視差バリアを前記スイッチ液晶パネルに表示させる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の立体表示装置。
- 前記第1配向膜のラビング方向と前記第2配向膜のラビング方向とは、90°異なる、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の立体表示装置。
- 前記スイッチ液晶パネルは、
前記第1基板に形成され、前記整列方向に沿って所定間隔で配置された複数の電極を含む第1電極群と、
前記第2基板に形成され、前記整列方向に沿って前記所定間隔で配置された複数の電極を含む第2電極群とをさらに含み、
前記第1電極群と前記第2電極群とは、前記整列方向において互いに前記所定間隔の半分だけずれて配置される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の立体表示装置。 - 前記表示パネルは、液晶表示パネルである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の立体表示装置。
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CN201480058003.9A CN105659153A (zh) | 2013-10-24 | 2014-08-25 | 立体显示装置 |
US15/031,311 US20160261859A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2014-08-25 | Stereoscopic display device |
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CN104104934B (zh) * | 2012-10-04 | 2019-02-19 | 陈笛 | 无眼镜多观众三维显示的组件与方法 |
CN108388043B (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-01-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种显示用基板、显示面板和显示装置 |
US11016334B2 (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2021-05-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device and method for manufacturing same |
CN111308801A (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-19 | Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 | 液晶显示面板 |
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