Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
  • B22D41/003—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with impact pads

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fireproof (refractory) ceramic impact pad (also called impact pot, German: Pralltopf), which is typically installed along the bottom of a vessel treating metallurgical melts at an area where the metal melt, poured into the vessel, normal ly hits the vessel bottom.
• a fireproof (refractory) ceramic impact pad also called impact pot, German: Pralltopf
• the impact pot has the task to protect the refractory bottom of the metallurgical vessel (to reduce its wear) and/or to distribute the metal melt within the vessel.
• the impact pad according to US 5,358 ,55 1 has a classical pot-shape wherein the free upper end segment of the wall is turned inward ly. After clashing against the base of the impact pad the metal melt initially flows along the base, then upwards along the inside of the wall and finally around the narrowed impact pad opening upwards into the vessel.
• DE 1 02 35 867 B3 discloses an impact pad with a so called diffuser at its upper open end. which means that the cross-section of the impact pad is increasing towards the upper o utlet-end to reduce the kinetic energy of the effusing melt.
• DE 1 02 02 537 C I includes an impact pad, whose wall is featuring at least one slit. Accordingly the metal melt entering the impact pad drains at least partially through the wall-sided slit. Because of the relatively small slit width, the metal melt flowing through the slit can feature a significant flow speed. Thereby, further flow turbulences are caused.
• the essay "Melt flow characterisation in Continuous Casting ' fund is he s" (ISIJ International, Vol. 36 ( 1 996), No. 6, p. 667-672) defines a so called plug flow, wherein all fluid elements have the same residence time in the tundi sh and a so called dead volume.
• the dead volume characterises the fluid part, whose residence time i s more than double of the average residence time of the melt in the tundish.
• the impact pot is arranged at one end of the tundish; in other words : offset its length. This leads to considerable dead zones between the impact pot and the closest end wall of the tundish.
• the dead volume in the metal lurgical vessel is m ainly caused by insufficient velocity (turbulence) of the melt in this area
• Such requirement may be achieved by a horizontally meandering melt flow pattern within the impact pad, i.e. between the area where the melt hits the bottom of the pad and the outlet area
• first and second wall which are arranged distinct to each other but in an overlapping fashion to as to provide the said requ ired outflow channel .
• Thi s allows a very simple general design, easy and cheap to produce, with improved flow behaviour to the melt.
• a first wall extending upwardly from said bottom and providing at least one of the following shapes in a top view: C , U, V, W,
• a second wall extending upwardly from said bottom and providing at least one of the following shapes in a top view : C, U, V, W, E, 3 , with opposed free end sections having a maximum distance X2 to each other, wherein
• the free end sections of the second wall section are arranged between the first end sections of the first wall
• the said first and second wall are arranged "opposite to each other", i . e . in some kind of a “mirror-inverted way; in other words: With free end sections of one wall extending oppositely to the free end sections of the other wall, for example two end sections of one wail protruding into the space between two end sections of the other wall, as illustrated hereinafter, "Oppositely” and “mirror-inverted” does not mean exactly oppositely or in a mirror design but in a different orientation.
• the wall shapes are characterized by two end sections which protrude (in a horizontal direction) from at least one main section (in between) by an angle unequal to 180°.
• This angle may be set between a lower value of 30° and an upper value of 150° with typical lower values at 50°, 60°, 70° and typical upper values at 110°, 120°, 130°, 140°.
• ⁇ 90° the distance XI between the free ends of opposed free end sections is smaller than the width of the intermediate main section of the corresponding wail, while it is larger in a design with at least one angle being > 90°.
• the length of a corresponding channel is dependent on the arrangement of the corresponding (adjacent) end sections of first and second wall.
• first wail and second wal l (C, U, V, W. E, 3) only defines the general shape of the corresponding wal l and includes variations which keep the general idea of two walls, arranged in an overlapping way to allow corresponding outflow channels between corresponding end sections of said walls, which channels are arranged in such a way that the corresponding melt within the impact pad must make at least one turn before flowing out of the said pad.
• At least one of said free end sections of said first and second wail is planar. This is in particular true with a wall shape (in a top view) simi lar to a U, V. W, E.
• At least one of said free end sections of said first and second wall may also be curved about a vertical axis. This is realized in wall shapes (in a top view) which mainly follow a C or numeral 3. At least part of the first wall or second wall may be planar between the at least two end sections. This design may be realized with a wall having a U-, V-, W-, K- shape, while curved areas between the at least two end sections may be realized for example by a C- or W- or 3 -shape (in a top view) of said first and/or second wall.
• the walls of the new impact pad are at least fixed in the bottom of the impact pad.
• a lower end section of at least one of said first wall or second wall may be inserted into at least one corresponding pocket provided within said bottom.
• the wal ls may have different heights and upper rims protruding horizontally.
• bottom and wall(s) are monolithic pieces.
• Such an impact pad may be m an ufactured by casting or in a corresponding press like a hydraulic press or an isostatic press.
• the invention includes embodiments wherein the bottom of the impact pad is provided by the bottom of the corresponding vessel, meaning that the walls are then fixed within the bottom of the vessel.
• Further material bridges may be provided between adj acent free end sections of said first and second wall to increase the stability of the overall impact pad.
• At least one material bridge can be arranged between the main parts of said first and second wal l for the same purpose.
• Figure 1 A top view of a refractory ceramic impact pad
• Figures 2 - 14 Top views of various desi gn options.
• Figure 1 5 A three-dimensi onal view of the impact pad according to Figure 14.
• the impact according to Figure 1 is a refractory (fireproof) ceramic impact pad with the following features in its functional position.
• a first wall 20 extending upwardly from said bottom 10 and providing a U-shape in the top view as shown, including two opposed free end sections 22, 24, extending at a right angle from an intermediate main wall section 23. Free ends 22e, 24e have a distance X I to each other.
• - XI is larger than X2 plus the wall thicknesses of end sections 32e. 34e.
• the free end sections 32, 34 of second wall 30 are arranged between the free end sections 22 , 24 of said first wall 20, wherein the free end sections 22, 24 of said first wall 20 overlap the free end sections 32, 34 of the second wall 30 in a horizontal direction, thus forming channels 40, 50 between adj acent free end sections, 22, 32 ; 24, 34 of said first wall 20 and second wall 30.
• the overlapping/channel area is encircled in Figure 1 .
• As the free ends 32e, 34e of second wall 30 are arranged at a di stance d to the main wall section 23 of first wall 20 a meander-like flow pattern can be realized for the metal melt after hitting a central spot area S of the impact pad , wherein the flow streams are symbolized by arrows F 1 , F2.
• the melt enters the space defined by U-shaped second wall 30 it firstly flows towards the main portion 23 of first wall 20 and then makes the U-turn to flow through channels 40, 50 each of width D out of said impact pad.
• the redirection of the metal flow allows to direct the melt stream into formerly "dead volumes" within the corresponding metallurgical vessel and thus provides a considerable improvement in homogeneity of the melt within the metallurgical treatment vessel.
• the area of these "dead volumes” is marked as DV while a corresponding tundish wall is marked as TW.
• Fig. 3 diverging end sections 32, 34 of wall 30.
• Fig. 4 converging end sections 22, 24 of wall 20.
• Fig. 5 converging end sections 22, 24; 32, 34 of walls 20, 30.
• Fig. 6 converging end sections of wall 20 and diverging end sect of wall 30 to achieve channels 40, 50 of constant width.
• Fig. 7 diverging end sections 22, 24 of wall 20.
• Fig. 8 C- shaped walls 20, 30.
• Fig. 9 C-shaped wall 30.
• Fig. 1 0 W- shaped wall 20 and converging end sections 32, 34 of wail
• Fig. 1 1 as Fig. 10 but with C-shaped wall 20.
• Fig. 1 2 as Fig. 9 but with 3 -shaped wall 20.
• FIG. 1 3 as Fig. 7 but with wall 30 providing an angled wall portion
• Fig. 14 as Fig. 7 but with angled end sections 32, 34.
• Fig. 1 5 corresponds to Fig. 14 with the proviso that top rims 20r, 30 r of walls 20, 30 protrude the corresponding lower
• Figures 1 6 to 1 8 represent further embodiments of a refractory ceramic impact pad. All of them distinguish over embodiments according to Fi gures 1 to 1 5 in that they comprise additional walls extending from bottom 10.
• the embodiment of Figure 1 6 is characterized by a third wall 40, designed as wall 20 and arranged in a mirror-inverted fashion so that its opposed free end sections 42, 44 protrude intermediate wall section 43 towards wall 20
• wall 30 is split into two parts 30. 1 , 30.2 by omitting intermedi ate wall portion 33. Accordingly each wall portion 30. 1 , 30.2 is characterized by three sub-sections angled to each other.
• a metal melt, hitting spot area S may flow along wall sections 30.1, 30.2 towards walls 20, 40 before being redirected and flowing through channel areas defined by corresponding end sections 22, 32. lo; 23, 32.2o; 32.2u, 44; 42, 32. lu.
• FIG. 17 again is a top view of an impact pad, which differs from the embodiment of Figure 16 just by the angles between adjacent wall sections.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
• Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
• Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Gasket Seals (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-10-22 PL PL13189666T patent/PL2865464T3/pl unknown
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  • 2013-10-22 EP EP13189666.4A patent/EP2865464B1/en active Active
  • 2013-10-22 SI SI201330181A patent/SI2865464T1/sl unknown
• 2014
  • 2014-07-03 WO PCT/EP2014/064230 patent/WO2015058870A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2014-07-03 US US14/907,879 patent/US9889503B2/en active Active
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