WO2015045981A1 - バッテリー交換ロボット、バッテリー交換システムおよびバッテリー交換ロボットの制御方法 - Google Patents
バッテリー交換ロボット、バッテリー交換システムおよびバッテリー交換ロボットの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015045981A1 WO2015045981A1 PCT/JP2014/074531 JP2014074531W WO2015045981A1 WO 2015045981 A1 WO2015045981 A1 WO 2015045981A1 JP 2014074531 W JP2014074531 W JP 2014074531W WO 2015045981 A1 WO2015045981 A1 WO 2015045981A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- motor
- side connector
- housing portion
- engaging portion
- Prior art date
Links
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
- B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
- B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
- B60K2001/0461—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from the side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
- B60K2001/0494—Removal or replacement of the energy storages with arrangements for sliding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
- B60Y2200/143—Busses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery exchange robot for exchanging a battery mounted on a vehicle, and a battery exchange system having such a battery exchange robot.
- the present invention also relates to a method for controlling such a battery exchange robot.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 Conventionally, a battery exchange system including a battery exchange robot for exchanging a battery mounted on a bus has been proposed by the present applicant (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- a battery housing portion that houses a battery is attached to the bus.
- a connector for electrically connecting the battery and the bus is attached to the battery housing portion.
- a connector connected to the connector of the battery housing portion is attached to the back surface of the battery.
- the battery replacement robot includes a battery insertion / removal mechanism that pulls out the battery from the battery housing portion and inserts the battery into the battery housing portion.
- the battery insertion / removal mechanism includes a battery mounting mechanism having a battery mounting portion on which the battery is mounted when the battery is withdrawn and inserted, and moves the battery on the battery mounting portion by engaging with the battery when the battery is withdrawn and inserted.
- a battery moving mechanism having a battery engaging portion.
- the battery mounting mechanism includes a mounting unit moving mechanism that moves the battery mounting unit in a direction approaching the bus and a direction away from the bus in addition to the battery mounting unit. Yes.
- the battery moving mechanism includes an engaging portion moving mechanism that moves the battery engaging portion in a direction approaching the bus and a direction away from the bus.
- the battery engagement portion includes an engagement claw portion that engages a handle portion attached to the battery, an air cylinder that moves the engagement claw portion up and down, and a base portion to which the air cylinder is attached.
- a first problem of the present invention is that a mechanical lock mechanism that locks the battery by operating with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion is installed in the battery housing portion, and the battery is inserted into the battery housing portion. Even when the connector on the battery side and the connector on the battery housing part side are connected with an insertion force, the battery exchange robot, battery exchange system and It is to provide a method for controlling a battery exchange robot.
- a second problem of the present invention is that a mechanical lock mechanism that locks the battery by operating with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion is installed in the battery housing portion, and that the battery is inserted into the battery housing portion. Even when the connector on the battery side and the connector on the battery housing part side are connected with an insertion force, the battery can be locked or the battery can be locked by the lock mechanism while preventing damage to the battery housing part, the battery and the battery replacement robot.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a battery exchange robot, a battery exchange system, and a battery exchange robot control method capable of connecting a connector on the side and a connector on the housing unit side.
- a battery exchange robot for exchanging a battery mounted on a vehicle.
- the battery includes a battery insertion / removal mechanism for pulling out the battery and inserting the battery into the battery housing, and a control unit for controlling the battery insertion / removal mechanism.
- the battery is a battery for electrically connecting the vehicle and the battery.
- the battery housing portion includes a lock mechanism that locks the accommodated battery, and a housing portion-side connector that is connected to the battery-side connector. And move the battery by engaging the battery
- a mechanical lock that includes a battery engaging portion and a motor for driving the battery engaging portion, and the lock mechanism is operated by the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion by the battery engaging portion to lock the battery.
- the battery-side connector and the housing-side connector are connected by the battery insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion by the battery engaging portion, and the control unit controls the position during the operation of inserting the battery into the battery housing portion.
- the motor In addition to the position control, when the connecting operation is started in which at least one of the battery locking by the locking mechanism and the connection between the battery side connector and the housing side connector is started during the insertion operation, the motor is controlled by Even if the motor load exceeds the specified reference value, the motor load exceeds the reference value. And controlling the motor by the overload control to stop the elapsed reference time motor in a state where the load of the motor with driving the motor exceeds a reference value to a predetermined reference time in the state has elapsed.
- a method for controlling a battery exchange robot is a method for pulling out a battery from a battery housing portion that is attached to a vehicle and that houses a battery, and for removing the battery from the battery housing portion.
- the battery has a battery insertion / removal mechanism for inserting the battery, the battery has a battery side connector for electrically connecting the vehicle and the battery, and the battery accommodating portion has a lock mechanism for locking the accommodated battery, and the battery side connector.
- a battery insertion / removal mechanism for driving the battery engaging portion, a battery mounting portion for mounting the battery, a battery engaging portion that engages with the battery and moves the battery, and a battery engaging portion.
- a locking mechanism is provided by the battery engaging portion.
- the battery side connector and the housing part side connector are inserted into the battery housing part by the battery engaging part.
- a battery exchanging robot connected to the battery housing portion by controlling the motor by position control at the time of inserting the battery into the battery housing, and at the time of inserting, the battery is locked by the locking mechanism and the battery side connector;
- the control unit locks the battery by the lock mechanism and the battery-side connector and the housing-side connector when the battery is inserted into the battery housing portion.
- a connection operation in which at least one of the connection is performed is started, in addition to the position control, even if the motor load exceeds the predetermined reference value, the motor load exceeds the reference value and the predetermined operation is performed.
- the motor is controlled by overload control that drives the motor until the reference time elapses and stops the motor when the reference time elapses with the motor load exceeding the reference value.
- the battery exchange robot control method of the present invention at the time of inserting the battery into the battery housing portion, at least one of the locking of the battery by the lock mechanism and the connection between the battery side connector and the housing portion side connector is performed.
- the connecting operation in addition to the position control, the motor is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses with the motor load exceeding the reference value even if the motor load exceeds the predetermined reference value.
- the motor is controlled by overload control that stops the motor when the reference time elapses with the motor load exceeding the reference value.
- the motor in the overload control after the connection operation is started, the motor is turned on when a predetermined reference time elapses with the motor load exceeding a predetermined reference value. Therefore, when the battery is locked by the lock mechanism, the battery is displaced with respect to the lock mechanism and the lock mechanism and the battery interfere with each other. When connected to the motor, or when connecting the battery side connector and the housing side connector, the connectors were displaced and interfered, and the motor was overloaded enough to damage the battery replacement robot, etc. Sometimes it becomes possible to stop the motor.
- a mechanical locking mechanism that locks the battery by operating with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion is installed in the battery housing portion, and the battery side with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion. Even when the connector and the connector on the battery housing portion side are connected, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery housing portion, the battery, and the battery replacement robot.
- the motor in overload control, even if the motor load exceeds the reference value, the motor is kept until the reference time elapses with the motor load exceeding the reference value.
- the battery can be locked by the lock mechanism, and the battery-side connector and the accommodating portion-side connector can be connected. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to lock the battery by the lock mechanism and to connect the battery side connector and the storage unit side connector while preventing damage to the battery storage unit, the battery, and the battery replacement robot. .
- the battery is locked by the lock mechanism and the battery side connector based on the rotation amount of the motor. It is possible to detect whether or not the connection between the housing portion connector and the housing portion side connector is securely completed.
- overload control is performed, for example, in a state where the motor current value exceeds the reference current value even if the motor current value exceeds the reference current value which is a reference value.
- the motor is driven until the reference time elapses, and the motor is stopped when the reference time elapses with the motor current value exceeding the reference current value.
- a lock start position where the lock of the battery by the lock mechanism is started, and a connection between the battery side connector and the accommodating portion side connector is started.
- the connection operation is started.
- the control unit when the connection operation is started, the control unit starts measuring the driving time of the motor after the connection operation starts, and locks the battery and the battery by the lock mechanism.
- the drive time of the motor after the start of the connection operation has elapsed for a predetermined time before the battery engagement portion moves to the connection operation completion position where the connection between the side connector and the housing side connector is completed, the battery is pulled out It is preferable to retract the battery engaging portion. If the battery engagement part does not move to the connection operation completion position even though the motor drive time after the start of the connection operation has passed, the interference between the lock mechanism and the battery or the battery side connector Interference with the housing side connector has occurred, and it is assumed that these components are overloaded.
- the battery replacement robot of the present invention can be used in a battery replacement system including a battery housing portion.
- a mechanical lock mechanism that locks the battery by operating with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion is installed in the battery housing portion, and the battery side with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion. Even when the connector and the connector on the battery housing portion side are connected, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery housing portion, the battery, and the battery replacement robot. Further, in this battery exchange system, when the battery is locked by the lock mechanism or when the battery side connector and the housing side connector are connected, the battery exchange robot or the like is overloaded for a short time so as not to cause damage.
- the battery can be locked by the lock mechanism, and the battery-side connector and the accommodating portion-side connector can be connected. Further, in this battery exchange system, it becomes possible to detect whether or not the battery is locked by the lock mechanism and the connection between the battery side connector and the housing portion side connector is reliably completed.
- a battery exchange robot of the present invention is a battery exchange robot for exchanging a battery mounted on a vehicle.
- the battery includes a battery insertion / removal mechanism for pulling out the battery and inserting the battery into the battery housing, and a control unit for controlling the battery insertion / removal mechanism.
- the battery is a battery for electrically connecting the vehicle and the battery.
- the battery housing portion includes a lock mechanism that locks the accommodated battery, and a housing portion-side connector that is connected to the battery-side connector. And move the battery by engaging the battery
- a mechanical lock that includes a battery engaging portion and a motor for driving the battery engaging portion, and the lock mechanism is operated by the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion by the battery engaging portion to lock the battery.
- the battery side connector and the housing part side connector are connected by the battery insertion force of the battery into the battery housing part by the battery engaging part, and the control part is locked when the battery is inserted into the battery housing part.
- the motor is stopped when the load of the motor exceeds a predetermined first reference value.
- the load of the motor is less than the first reference value.
- the motor is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses with the motor load exceeding the second reference value even if the small second reference value is exceeded, and the reference time is set while the motor load exceeds the second reference value.
- the motor is controlled by the second control for stopping the motor when elapses.
- the battery exchange robot control method of the present invention is attached to a vehicle and withdraws the battery from the battery housing portion in which the battery is housed, and removes the battery from the battery housing portion.
- the battery has a battery insertion / removal mechanism for inserting the battery, the battery has a battery side connector for electrically connecting the vehicle and the battery, and the battery accommodating portion has a lock mechanism for locking the accommodated battery, and the battery side connector.
- a battery insertion / removal mechanism for driving the battery engaging portion, a battery mounting portion for mounting the battery, a battery engaging portion that engages with the battery and moves the battery, and a battery engaging portion.
- a locking mechanism is provided by the battery engaging portion.
- the battery side connector and the housing part side connector are inserted into the battery housing part by the battery engaging part.
- the battery exchange robot connected by the control method of the battery exchange robot, at the time of inserting the battery into the battery housing portion, at least one of the battery lock by the lock mechanism and the connection between the battery side connector and the housing portion side connector is Before the start of the connecting operation to be performed, the motor is stopped when the load of the motor exceeds a predetermined first reference value, and when the connecting operation is started, the second reference value whose motor load is smaller than the first reference value. If the motor load exceeds the second reference value even if the Causes the movement, characterized in that the motor is stopped when the reference time has elapsed in a state in which the load on the motor exceeds a second reference value.
- the control unit locks the battery by the lock mechanism and the battery side connector and the housing side connector when the battery is inserted into the battery housing portion.
- the motor is controlled by the first control that stops the motor when the load of the motor exceeds a predetermined first reference value, and the connection operation is started. And even if the motor load exceeds a second reference value smaller than the first reference value, the motor is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses while the motor load exceeds the second reference value, and the motor load
- the motor is controlled by the second control that stops the motor when the reference time elapses in a state that exceeds the second reference value.
- the battery exchange robot control method of the present invention when the battery is inserted into the battery housing portion, the battery is locked by the lock mechanism and the battery side connector and the housing portion side.
- the motor is stopped when the motor load exceeds a predetermined first reference value, and when the connection operation is started, the motor load is The motor is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses in a state where the motor load exceeds the second reference value even if the second reference value smaller than one reference value is exceeded, and the motor load decreases to the second reference value.
- the motor is stopped when the reference time elapses in the exceeded state.
- the reference time in a state where the motor load exceeds the second reference value smaller than the first reference value before the connection operation is started. Since the motor is stopped after the lapse of time, when the battery is locked by the lock mechanism, the battery is displaced with respect to the lock mechanism, the lock mechanism and the battery interfere with each other, and the battery exchange robot is damaged. When overload is applied to the motor or when connecting the battery side connector and the housing side connector, the connectors are displaced and interfere with each other, causing damage to the battery replacement robot, etc. When is applied to the motor, the motor can be stopped.
- the motor load exceeds the second reference value. Since the motor is driven until the predetermined reference time has elapsed, the battery replacement robot or the like is not damaged when the battery is locked by the lock mechanism or when the battery side connector and the housing side connector are connected. Even if an overload of a short time is applied to the motor, the battery can be locked by the lock mechanism, and the battery-side connector and the housing-side connector can be connected.
- a mechanical lock mechanism that locks the battery by operating with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion is installed in the battery housing portion, and the battery Even when the connector on the battery side and the connector on the battery housing part side are connected by the insertion force of the battery into the housing part, the battery is prevented by the lock mechanism while preventing damage to the battery housing part, the battery and the battery replacement robot. Can be locked, and the battery-side connector and the housing-side connector can be connected.
- the motor does not stop unless the load of the motor exceeds the first reference value larger than the second reference value before the start of the connection operation. It becomes possible to increase the acceleration / deceleration speed. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the battery moving time from the start of the battery insertion operation to the battery housing portion until the connection operation is started.
- the first control is current control for stopping the motor when the current value of the motor exceeds a first reference current value that is a first reference value.
- the motor is driven until the reference time elapses with the motor current value exceeding the second reference current value even if the motor current value exceeds the second reference current value which is the second reference value.
- the current control is such that the motor is stopped when the reference time elapses with the motor current value exceeding the second reference current value.
- a lock start position where the lock of the battery by the lock mechanism is started, and the connection between the battery side connector and the accommodating portion side connector is started.
- the connection operation is started.
- the rotation speed of the motor before the start of the connection operation is higher than the rotation speed of the motor after the start of the connection operation.
- the control unit when the connection operation is started, the control unit starts measuring the driving time of the motor after the connection operation is started, and locks the battery and the battery by the lock mechanism.
- the drive time of the motor after the start of the connection operation has elapsed for a predetermined time before the battery engagement portion moves to the connection operation completion position where the connection between the side connector and the housing side connector is completed, the battery is pulled out It is preferable to retract the battery engaging portion. If the battery engagement part does not move to the connection operation completion position even though the motor drive time after the start of the connection operation has passed, the interference between the lock mechanism and the battery or the battery side connector Interference with the housing side connector has occurred, and it is assumed that these components are overloaded.
- the battery exchange robot of the present invention can be used in a battery exchange system including a battery housing portion.
- a mechanical lock mechanism that locks the battery by operating with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion is installed in the battery housing portion, and the battery side with the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion.
- the battery can be locked by the locking mechanism while preventing damage to the battery housing portion, the battery and the battery replacement robot, or the battery side connector and the housing portion It is possible to connect to the side connector. Further, in this battery exchange system, it is possible to shorten the movement time of the battery from the start of the operation of inserting the battery into the battery housing portion until the connection operation is started.
- the battery is operated by the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion. Even when a mechanical locking mechanism for locking is installed in the battery housing part and the connector on the battery side and the connector on the battery housing part side are connected by the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing part, the battery housing It is possible to prevent damage to the battery, the battery, and the battery replacement robot.
- the battery is operated by the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing portion. Even when a mechanical locking mechanism for locking is installed in the battery housing part and the connector on the battery side and the connector on the battery housing part side are connected by the insertion force of the battery into the battery housing part, the battery housing The battery can be locked by the lock mechanism, and the battery-side connector and the housing-side connector can be connected, while preventing damage to the battery unit, the battery, and the battery replacement robot.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery exchange system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the E section of FIG. 1 from another angle. It is an enlarged view of the F section of FIG. It is the schematic for demonstrating the structure of the battery shown in FIG. 1, and a battery accommodating part. It is a figure which shows the battery insertion / extraction mechanism and lifting mechanism shown in FIG. 2 from the front. It is a figure which shows a battery insertion / extraction mechanism and a raising / lowering mechanism from the HH direction of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the battery mounting mechanism shown in FIG. 5 from the front. It is a figure for demonstrating the battery mounting mechanism shown in FIG. 5 from the upper surface.
- FIG. 5 It is a figure for demonstrating the battery moving mechanism shown in FIG. 5 from a side surface. It is a figure for demonstrating a state when the battery engaging part shown in FIG. 9 moves to the direction away from a bus
- 3 is a flowchart for explaining a battery replacement operation of the battery replacement robot shown in FIG. 2. It is a figure for demonstrating the extraction operation
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery exchange system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the E portion of FIG. 1 from another angle.
- each of the three directions orthogonal to each other is defined as an X direction, a Y direction, and a Z direction.
- the Z direction coincides with the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- the X direction is the front-rear direction and the Y direction is the left-right direction.
- the battery exchange system 1 of this embodiment is a system for exchanging the battery 3 mounted on the vehicle 2.
- the vehicle 2 of this embodiment is an electric bus. Therefore, hereinafter, the vehicle 2 is referred to as “bus 2”.
- a battery housing portion 4 in which a plurality of batteries 3 are housed is attached to the bus 2.
- the battery accommodating portion 4 is arranged so as to be exposed to the side surface 2a when a cover member (not shown) attached to one side surface 2a of the bus 2 is removed. Further, the battery accommodating portion 4 is disposed below the seat of the bus 2.
- the bus 2 is stopped so that the traveling direction thereof substantially coincides with the left-right direction.
- the battery replacement system 1 includes a battery replacement robot 5 (hereinafter referred to as “robot 5”) for replacing the battery 3 stored in the battery storage unit 4.
- robot 5 faces the side surface 2a of the bus 2 in the front-rear direction so that the battery 3 housed in the battery housing portion 4 can be replaced.
- the robot 5 pulls out the battery 3 housed in the battery housing portion 4 and carries it into a buffer station (not shown), and unloads the charged battery 3 housed in the buffer station from the buffer station. Insert into the housing 4.
- a detection plate 13 for detecting the position of the bus 2 is formed or fixed on the side surface 2a of the bus 2.
- the detection plate 13 is formed in a flat plate shape and a substantially rectangular shape whose width is substantially constant in the vertical direction.
- the detection plate 13 is disposed, for example, on the front side of the battery housing portion 4 in the traveling direction of the bus 2.
- the detection plate 13 is exposed to the side surface 2a when a cover member (not shown) attached to the side surface 2a is removed.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion F in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration of the battery 3 and the battery housing 4 shown in FIG.
- the battery housing part 4 includes a battery cradle 6 on which the battery 3 is mounted and left and right side walls 7, and the battery cradle 6 and the side walls 7 form a housing space for the battery 3.
- the battery accommodating portion 4 is formed with accommodating spaces for a plurality of batteries 3 so that a plurality of batteries 3 can be accommodated.
- four batteries 3 can be mounted on the bus 2
- the battery housing portion 4 includes four battery mounts 6 on which each of the four batteries 3 is mounted.
- a detection mark 8 for indirectly detecting the position of the battery 3 is formed on the front surface of the battery stand 6.
- the detection mark 8 is formed on each of both ends in the left-right direction of the battery mount 6.
- the detection mark 8 is formed in a substantially equilateral triangle shape whose width in the left-right direction is gradually narrowed toward the upper side.
- the battery accommodating portion 4 includes a lock mechanism 9 that locks the accommodated battery 3 and a connector 10 as an accommodating portion side connector for electrically connecting the bus 2 and the battery 3. And.
- the lock mechanism 9 includes a lock member 11 and an urging member 12.
- the connector 10 is disposed on the back side of the battery housing portion 4.
- the lock member 11 is held on the side wall 7 so as to be movable in the left-right direction, for example.
- the lock member 11 is urged inward in the left-right direction by an urging member (not shown), and protrudes from the side wall 7 to the inside of the battery housing portion 4.
- the lock member 11 is formed in, for example, a substantially triangular prism shape, and is configured by an inclined surface 11a that is inclined with respect to a ZX plane configured by the front-rear direction and the vertical direction, and a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. And an end face 11b parallel to the YZ plane.
- the end surface 11 b constitutes an end surface on the back side of the lock member 11.
- the inclined surface 11 a is inclined so as to spread outward in the left-right direction as it goes toward the front side of the battery housing portion 4.
- the lock member 11 may be held on the battery mount 6 so as to be movable in the vertical direction.
- the inclined surface 11a is inclined so as to spread outward in the vertical direction as it goes toward the front side of the battery housing portion 4.
- the urging member 12 is, for example, a compression coil spring.
- the urging member 12 faces the front side of the battery housing portion 4 so that an end surface 15b of an engagement projection 15 described later formed on the battery 3 and an end surface 11b of the lock member 11 are in contact with each other with a predetermined contact pressure.
- the battery 3 is energized.
- a handle 14 for pulling out the battery 3 from the battery housing 4 is formed on the front surface of the battery 3.
- a handle portion 14 is formed on each of the left and right ends of the front surface of the battery 3.
- the battery 3 includes an engagement protrusion 15 that engages with the lock member 11 and a connector 16 as a battery-side connector connected to the connector 10.
- the connector 16 is attached to the back end surface (back surface) of the battery 3 housed in the battery housing portion 4.
- the engaging protrusions 15 are fixed to the left and right side surfaces of the battery 3, for example, and protrude from the left and right side surfaces of the battery 3 to the outside in the left and right direction.
- the engagement protrusion 15 is formed in, for example, a substantially triangular prism shape, and includes an inclined surface 15a inclined with respect to the ZX plane and an end surface 15b parallel to the YZ plane.
- the end surface 15 b constitutes an end surface on the near side of the engagement protrusion 15.
- the inclined surface 15 a is inclined so as to spread outward in the left-right direction as it goes toward the front side of the battery housing portion 4. Further, the inclination angle of the inclined surface 11a with respect to the ZX plane is substantially equal to the inclination angle of the inclined surface 15a with respect to the ZX plane.
- the lock mechanism 9 is a mechanical lock mechanism that is operated by the insertion force of the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4 to lock the battery 3.
- the lock mechanism 9 according to the present embodiment is a mechanical lock that is operated by the insertion force of the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4 by a battery engaging portion 24 described later constituting the robot 5 to lock the battery 3.
- the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected by the insertion force of the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4.
- the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected by the insertion force of the battery 3 into the battery housing part 4 by the battery engaging part 24 described later.
- the lock member The lock mechanism 9 is configured such that 11 is retracted and the contact state between the end surface 15b and the end surface 11b is released. Therefore, when the battery 3 is further pushed into the back side of the battery housing part 4 from the state in which the battery 3 is locked to the lock mechanism 9, the locked state of the battery 3 by the lock mechanism 9 is released, and the battery housing part 4 The battery 3 can be pulled out.
- the robot 5 includes a battery insertion / removal mechanism 17 that extracts each of the four batteries 3 from the battery housing portion 4 and inserts each of the four batteries 3 into the battery housing portion 4. , An elevating mechanism 18 for elevating and lowering the battery detaching mechanism 17, a rotating mechanism 19 for rotating the battery detaching mechanism 17 and the elevating mechanism 18 with the vertical direction as an axial direction, a battery detaching mechanism 17, the elevating mechanism 18 and And a horizontal movement mechanism 20 for moving the movement mechanism 19 in the left-right direction.
- the robot 5 also includes a detection mechanism 21 for detecting the detection mark 8 and the detection plate 13.
- the battery insertion / removal mechanism 17, the lifting / lowering mechanism 18, the rotation mechanism 19, and the horizontal movement mechanism 20 are connected to a control unit 27 (see FIG. 2) that controls the robot 5, and these configurations are controlled by the control unit 27. Is done.
- the detection mechanism 21 is also connected to the control unit 27.
- the battery insertion / removal mechanism 17 includes a battery mounting mechanism 23 having a battery mounting portion 22 on which the battery 3 is mounted when the battery 3 is pulled out and inserted, and a battery mounting mechanism that is engaged with the battery 3 when the battery 3 is pulled out and inserted. And a battery moving mechanism 25 having a battery engaging portion 24 (see FIG. 5) for moving the battery 3 on the portion 22.
- the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 are movable in a direction approaching the bus 2 and a direction away from the bus 2. Further, the battery insertion / removal mechanism 17 is held by the holding member 26.
- the holding member 26 is formed in a substantially rectangular tube shape that is open at both ends in the moving direction of the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the battery insertion / removal mechanism 17 and the lifting mechanism 18 shown in FIG. 2 from the front.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the battery insertion / removal mechanism 17 and the lifting mechanism 18 from the HH direction of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the battery mounting mechanism 23 shown in FIG. 5 from the front.
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the battery mounting mechanism 23 shown in FIG. 5 from above.
- the battery mounting mechanism 23 includes a mounting unit moving mechanism 30 that moves the battery mounting unit 22 in a direction approaching the bus 2 and a direction away from the bus 2 in addition to the battery mounting unit 22 described above.
- the battery mounting portion 22 is formed in a flat block shape that is flat in the vertical direction.
- a plurality of rollers 31 and 32 that are in contact with the lower surface of the battery 3 are rotatably attached to the upper surface of the battery mounting portion 22.
- the plurality of rollers 31 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the moving direction of the battery mounting portion 22, and the plurality of rollers 32 are also set in the moving direction of the battery mounting portion 22 in the same manner as the rollers 31. Arranged at intervals.
- the mounting unit moving mechanism 30 includes a motor 33, a screw member 34 such as a ball screw, and a nut member 35 that is screwed into the screw member 34 as a configuration for moving the battery mounting unit 22. Further, the mounting unit moving mechanism 30 is configured to guide the battery mounting unit 22, and is linearly formed, and engages with the guide rail 36 and is relatively movable along the guide rail 36. A guide block 37 is provided.
- the motor 33 is fixed to the upper surface side of the rear end portion of the battery mounting portion 22.
- the motor 33 is connected to the control unit 27. Further, the motor 33 includes an encoder (not shown) for detecting the rotation speed and the rotation amount.
- the screw member 34 is rotatably held on the lower surface side of the battery mounting portion 22.
- the motor 33 and the screw member 34 are connected via a pulley, a belt, or the like.
- the nut member 35 is fixed to the holding member 26.
- the guide rail 36 is fixed to the lower surface side of the battery mounting portion 22, and the guide block 37 is fixed to the holding member 26. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the motor 33 rotates, the battery mounting portion 22 is guided by the guide rail 36 and the guide block 37 and moves linearly with respect to the holding member 26.
- FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the battery moving mechanism 25 shown in FIG. 5 from the side.
- FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the state when the battery engaging portion 24 shown in FIG. 9 moves away from the bus 2 from the side.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the battery moving mechanism 25 shown in FIG. 5 from above.
- the battery moving mechanism 25 includes an engaging portion moving mechanism 39 that moves the battery engaging portion 24 in a direction approaching the bus 2 and a direction away from the bus 2, and a battery engaging portion 24. And a movable holding member 40 that is held movably and held by the holding member 26.
- the battery engaging portion 24 includes an engaging claw portion 41 that engages with the handle portion 14 of the battery 3, an air cylinder 42 that moves the engaging claw portion 41 up and down, and a base portion 43 to which the air cylinder 42 is attached. Yes.
- the engaging claw portion 41 is fixed to the movable side of the air cylinder 42, and the fixed side of the air cylinder 42 is fixed to the distal end surface of the base portion 43.
- the two engaging claws 41 and the two air cylinders 42 of the base 43 are arranged so that the engaging claws 41 are engaged with the two handles 14 formed on the battery 3. It arrange
- the moving holding member 40 is formed in a long and narrow shape in the moving direction of the battery engaging portion 24. Further, the movement holding member 40 is formed so that the shape when viewed from the moving direction of the battery engaging portion 24 is substantially H-shaped.
- the engaging portion moving mechanism 39 includes a motor 44, a screw member 45 such as a ball screw, a nut member 46 that is screwed to the screw member 45, and a structure for moving the battery engaging portion 24 and the movement holding member 40. Pulleys 47 and 48 and a belt 49 spanning the pulleys 47 and 48 are provided. Further, the engaging portion moving mechanism 39 is configured to guide the battery engaging portion 24 and the movement holding member 40, and engages with the guide rail 50 formed in a straight line, the guide rail 50, and the guide rail 50. And a guide block 51 that is relatively movable along the guide rail 52. As a configuration for guiding the battery engaging portion 24, the guide rail 52 that is linearly formed, and the guide rail 52 that engages with the guide rail 52 and And a guide block 53 that is relatively movable along.
- the motor 44 is fixed to the rear end portion of the holding member 26.
- the motor 44 is connected to the control unit 27. Further, the motor 44 includes an encoder (not shown) for detecting the rotation speed and the rotation amount.
- the screw member 45 is rotatably held on the upper surface portion of the holding member 26.
- the motor 44 and the screw member 45 are connected via a pulley, a belt, or the like.
- the nut member 46 is fixed to the rear end portion of the movement holding member 40.
- the pulley 47 is rotatably held at the rear end portion of the movement holding member 40, and the pulley 48 is rotatably held at the front end portion of the movement holding member 40.
- the belt 49 is fixed to the base portion 43 of the battery engaging portion 24 via the belt fixing member 54 and is fixed to the upper surface portion of the holding member 26 via the belt fixing member 55. Specifically, when the movable holding member 40 protrudes from the holding member 26 and the belt fixing member 55 is arranged in the vicinity of the pulley 47, the belt fixing member 54 is arranged in the vicinity of the pulley 48, and the holding member The belt 49 is fixed to the belt 49 so that the belt fixing member 54 is disposed in the vicinity of the pulley 47 when the movement holding member 40 is accommodated in the belt 26 and the belt fixing member 55 is disposed in the vicinity of the pulley 48. It is fixed to the base 43 and the holding member 26 via members 54 and 55.
- the guide rail 50 is fixed to the upper surface portion of the holding member 26, and the guide block 51 is fixed to the upper surface of the movable holding member 40.
- the guide rail 52 is fixed to the lower surface of the movement holding member 40, and the guide block 53 is fixed to the upper end side of the base portion 43 of the battery engaging portion 24.
- the moving holding member 40 when the motor 44 rotates, the moving holding member 40 is guided by the guide rail 50 and the guide block 51 together with the battery engaging portion 24 by the screw member 45 and the nut member 46, and is linear with respect to the holding member 26. Move on.
- the battery engaging portion 24 is guided by the guide rail 52 and the guide block 53 by the pulleys 47 and 48 and the belt 49, and linearly moves relative to the movement holding member 40.
- the elevating mechanism 18 is orthogonal to the moving direction of the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 (hereinafter, this direction is referred to as “first direction”) and the vertical direction.
- the first elevating mechanism 59 and the second elevating mechanism 60 are provided on both ends of the direction (hereinafter, this direction is referred to as “second direction”).
- the first elevating mechanism 59 is connected to one end side of the holding member 26 in the second direction by the first connecting mechanism 61.
- the second elevating mechanism 60 is connected to the other end side of the holding member 26 in the second direction by the second connecting mechanism 62.
- the first elevating mechanism 59 and the second elevating mechanism 60 can be individually driven to tilt the holding member 26 with respect to the horizontal direction.
- the holding member 26 is connected to the first elevating mechanism 59 and the second elevating mechanism 60 so as to be inclined with respect to the horizontal direction.
- the first elevating mechanism 59 and the second elevating mechanism 60 include an elevating member 63 that is movable in the vertical direction, a columnar member 64 that holds the elevating member 63 so as to be able to elevate, and an elevating drive mechanism 65 that elevates the elevating member 63.
- the columnar member 64 is formed in a column shape elongated in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper end of the columnar member 64 constituting the first elevating mechanism 59 and the upper end of the columnar member 64 constituting the second elevating mechanism 60 are connected by a connecting member 66, and two pieces The columnar member 64 and the connecting member 66 constitute a portal frame.
- the elevating drive mechanism 65 includes a motor 67, a screw member 68 such as a ball screw, and a nut member 69 screwed to the screw member 68 as a configuration for elevating the elevating member 63.
- the elevating drive mechanism 65 is configured to guide the elevating member 63 and engages with the guide rail 70 formed in a straight line, along the guide rail 70 and along the guide rail 70.
- the guide block 71 is relatively movable.
- the motor 67 is fixed to the upper end side of the columnar member 64.
- the motor 67 is connected to the control unit 27.
- the screw member 68 is rotatably held by the columnar member 64.
- the motor 67 and the screw member 68 are connected via a coupling 72.
- the nut member 69 is fixed to the elevating member 63.
- the guide rail 70 is fixed to the side surface of the columnar member 64.
- the guide block 71 is fixed to the elevating member 63. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the motor 67 rotates, the elevating member 63 is guided by the guide rail 70 and the guide block 71 and moves up and down with respect to the columnar member 64.
- the first connecting mechanism 61 connects the holding member 26 and the lifting member 63 so that the holding member 26 can be rotated relative to the lifting member 63 of the first lifting mechanism 59.
- the second connecting mechanism 62 is configured so that the holding member 26 and the elevating member 63 are capable of relative rotation of the holding member 26 with respect to the elevating member 63 of the second elevating mechanism 60 and relative movement in the second direction. Are connected.
- the rotation mechanism 19 includes a battery insertion / removal mechanism 17 and an elevating mechanism 18, and a rotation member 85 that can rotate, and a rotation drive mechanism 86 that rotates the rotation member 85.
- the horizontal movement mechanism 20 is equipped with a battery insertion / removal mechanism 17, an elevating mechanism 18, and a rotation mechanism 19, and a slide member 87 that is movable in the left-right direction, and a horizontal that moves the slide member 87.
- a drive mechanism 88 is equipped with a battery insertion / removal mechanism 17, an elevating mechanism 18, and a rotation mechanism 19, and a slide member 87 that is movable in the left-right direction, and a horizontal that moves the slide member 87.
- Rotating member 85 is formed in a substantially disc shape.
- the rotating member 85 is disposed on the upper side of the slide member 87. Further, the rotation member 85 is rotatable about the center of curvature thereof. The lower ends of the two columnar members 64 are fixed to the upper surface of the rotating member 85.
- the rotation drive mechanism 86 includes a motor, a pulley, a belt, and the like as a configuration for rotating the rotation member 85. Further, the rotation drive mechanism 86 is configured to guide the rotation member 85 in the rotation direction, and a guide rail and a plurality of guide blocks that engage with the guide rail and are relatively movable along the guide rail. It has.
- a belt is stretched over the pulley fixed to the output shaft of the motor and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating member 85, and when the motor rotates, the rotating member 85 is guided by the guide rail and the guide block to slide. It rotates with respect to 87.
- the slide member 87 is formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape whose longitudinal direction is the left-right direction.
- the horizontal drive mechanism 88 includes a motor, a pulley, a belt, and the like as a configuration for moving the slide member 87. Further, the horizontal drive mechanism 88 is configured to guide the slide member 87 in the left-right direction, and a plurality of guide rails that are linearly formed and a plurality of guide rails that are engaged with the guide rails and that are relatively movable along the guide rails. And a guide block.
- One end of the belt is fixed to the left end side of the guide rail, and the other end of the belt is fixed to the right end side of the guide rail. Further, the belt is stretched around a pulley or the like fixed to the output shaft of the motor, and when the motor rotates, the slide member 87 is linearly moved in the left-right direction by being guided by the guide rail and the guide block.
- the detection mechanism 21 includes a light emitting unit that emits laser light, and a light receiving unit that receives the laser light emitted from the light emitting unit and reflected by a reflector such as the side surface 2a of the bus 2 or the front surface of the battery mount 6. It is a laser sensor. As shown in FIG. 8, the detection mechanism 21 is attached to the upper surface on the front end side of the battery mounting portion 22. In this embodiment, two detection mechanisms 21 are attached to the battery mounting portion 22 so as to correspond to a pair of (two) detection marks 8 formed on each of the four battery mounts 6. .
- the detection mechanism 21 is turned on when a reflector that reflects the laser light emitted from the light emitting unit is within a predetermined measurement range, and is turned off when the reflector that reflects the laser light is not within the measurement range. become. Further, the distance between the detection mechanism 21 and the reflecting object can be detected by using the detection mechanism 21 in the on state.
- the position of the bus 2 is detected by the detection mechanism 21 and the detection plate 13. Specifically, the position of the bus 2 is detected by detecting the positions of the upper end and the left and right ends of the detection plate 13 by the detection mechanism 21 and calculating the positions of the detection plate 13. Further, after the position of the bus 2 is detected by the detection mechanism 21, the position of the battery 3 is detected by the detection mechanism 21 and the detection mark 8.
- the battery mounting portion 22 is moved in the left-right direction so that the laser light from the light-emitting portion of the detection mechanism 21 crosses the detection mark 8 in the left-right direction, and both ends of the detection mark 8 in the left-right direction are moved.
- the position of the detection mark 8 in the left-right direction is calculated.
- the width of the portion of the detection mark 8 where the laser beam crosses is calculated. Since the detection mark 8 is formed in a substantially triangular shape whose width in the left-right direction is gradually narrowed toward the upper side, the detection mark 8 can be detected by calculating the width of the portion of the detection mark 8 where the laser beam crosses.
- the height of the mark 8 can be calculated.
- the position and height of the detection mark 8 in the left-right direction are calculated, The position and height in the left-right direction of the battery 3 that is positioned and mounted on the battery mount 6 are detected. Further, by calculating the distance between the detection mechanism 21 and the detection mark 8, the position in the front-rear direction of the battery cradle 6 on which the detection mark 8 is formed is calculated, and is positioned and mounted on the battery cradle 6. The position of the battery 3 in the front-rear direction is detected.
- the inclination of the battery cradle 6 with respect to the left-right direction when viewed from the front-rear direction is determined. By calculating, the inclination of the battery 3 with respect to the left-right direction when viewed from the front-rear direction is detected. Further, when viewed from the up and down direction based on the distance between one detection mark 8 of the pair of detection marks 8 and the detection mechanism 21 and the distance between the other detection mark 8 and the detection mechanism 21. The inclination of the battery pedestal 6 with respect to the left and right direction is calculated, and the inclination of the battery 3 with respect to the left and right direction when viewed from the vertical direction is detected.
- the position of the battery 3 in the front-rear and left-right directions, the height of the battery 3, the inclination of the battery 3 with respect to the left-right direction when viewed from the front-rear direction, and the inclination of the battery 3 with respect to the left-right direction when viewed from the up-down direction are detected. Then, the position, height, and inclination of the battery insertion / removal mechanism 17 in the left-right direction by the elevating mechanism 18, the rotation mechanism 19, and the horizontal movement mechanism 20 so that the battery 3 can be properly pulled out from the battery housing portion 4. Is adjusted.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the replacement operation of the battery 3 of the battery replacement robot 5 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the operation of pulling out the battery 3 from the bus 2 by the battery exchange robot 5 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the operation of inserting the battery 3 into the bus 2 by the battery exchange robot 5 shown in FIG.
- step S1 the position of the bus 2 is detected as described above (step S1). Thereafter, the operation of pulling out the battery 3 to be replaced from the bus 2 out of the four batteries 3 is performed (step S2).
- step S2 specifically, the position of the battery 3 to be replaced (specifically, the position of the detection mark 8 formed on the battery mount 6 on which the battery 3 to be replaced is mounted) is as described above.
- Step S21 the battery 3 is then pulled out from the bus 2 by the robot 5 (Step S22), and then the extracted battery 3 is stored in the buffer station (Step S23).
- steps S1 and S2 first, the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 (see FIG. 13A) at the home position move in a direction approaching the bus 2. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 13B, the battery mounting portion 22 moves from the battery mounting base 6 to a position where the battery 3 can be transferred to the battery mounting portion 22, and the handle portion of the battery 3 is moved. 14, the battery engaging portion 24 moves to a position where the engaging claw portion 41 can be engaged. In the present embodiment, the position of the battery 3 is detected before the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 at the home position move to the position shown in FIG.
- step S2 as shown in FIG. 13C, the engaging claw portion 41 descends and engages with the handle portion 14.
- the battery 3 accommodated in the battery accommodating portion 4 is locked by the lock mechanism 9.
- the lock state of the battery 3 by the lock mechanism 9 is released, The battery 3 can be pulled out from the battery housing 4. Therefore, when the engaging claw portion 41 is engaged with the handle portion 14, as shown in FIG. 13C, the battery engaging portion 24 slightly pushes the battery 3 into the back side of the battery accommodating portion 4 (that is, The battery 3 is released from the locked state by the lock mechanism 9 by moving slightly toward the bus 2.
- the battery engaging portion 24 moves away from the bus 2, and the battery 3 starts to be transferred from the battery mount 6 to the battery mounting portion 22.
- the battery engaging portion 24 moves by a predetermined amount and the battery 3 is completely mounted on the battery mounting portion 22 as shown in FIG. 13E, thereafter, the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 are moved.
- the battery 3 moves away from the bus 2 to complete the extraction of the battery 3 from the bus 2.
- the robot 5 rotates 180 ° and accommodates the battery 3 in the buffer station.
- step S3 the battery 3 is inserted into the portion of the bus 2 from which the battery 3 has been pulled out. Specifically, in step S3, the charged battery 3 is removed from the buffer station by the robot 5 (step S31), and then the removed battery 3 is inserted into the bus 2 (step S32).
- step S3 when the robot 5 takes out the charged battery 3 from the buffer station, the robot 5 rotates 180 ° and is in the same state as when the battery 3 is completely pulled out from the bus 2 as shown in FIG. become. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 14B, the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 move in a direction approaching the bus 2 while being synchronized.
- the battery mounting portion 22 moves to a position where the battery 3 can be transferred from the battery mounting portion 22 to the battery mount 6, as shown in FIGS. 14C and 14D, the battery engaging portion 24. Moves in a direction approaching the bus 2, and the battery 3 is inserted into the bus 2.
- the engaging claw portion 41 is raised, and as shown in FIG. 14 (F), the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 are After moving away from the bus 2 (specifically, moving to the home position), the insertion of the battery 3 into the bus 2 is completed.
- steps S2 and S3 are repeated until the replacement of the battery 3 that needs to be replaced in the stopped bus 2 is completed (until "Yes” in step S4). Usually, it repeats until all the batteries 3 of the bus
- the robot 5 returns to the origin position (step S5), and the replacement operation of the battery 3 by the robot 5 ends.
- the teaching of the robot 5 is performed in advance using the bus 2 stopped at a predetermined reference position. (Teaching) is performed.
- the robot 5 operates along the taught position (teaching position) and performs the replacement operation of the battery 3.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart for explaining the control during the insertion operation of the battery 3 of the battery exchange robot 5 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart for explaining overload control during the insertion operation of the battery 3 of the battery exchange robot 5 shown in FIG.
- the inclined surface 15 a of the engaging protrusion 15 and the inclined surface 11 a of the lock member 11 start to contact each other, and the battery 3 is locked by the lock mechanism 9.
- the connector 10 and the connector 16 start to be engaged, and the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 is started.
- the position of the battery engaging portion 24 is defined as a lock start position.
- the position of the battery engaging portion 24 when the battery 3 is inserted into the battery housing portion 4 by the battery engaging portion 24 and the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 is started is defined as a connector connection start position.
- the locking mechanism 9 and the connector 10 are configured so that the locking of the battery 3 by the locking mechanism 9 is started before the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16.
- the battery engaging portion 24 is moved to the lock start position, the battery engaging operation of the battery 3 by the battery engaging portion 24 is started.
- the lock mechanism 9 and the connectors 10 and 16 are connected so that the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 is started before the lock mechanism 9 locks the battery 3.
- the lock mechanism 9 and the connectors 10, 16 are started so that the lock of the battery 3 by the lock mechanism 9 and the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 are started simultaneously.
- the battery engaging portion 24 starts the connection operation of the battery 3 when the battery engaging portion 24 moves to the lock start position and the connector connection start position.
- the battery engaging portion 24 moves to at least one of the lock start position and the connector connection start position during the insertion operation of the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4, the battery 3 by the battery engaging portion 24 is moved.
- the connection operation is started, and at the time of the connection operation, at least one of the lock of the battery 3 by the lock mechanism 9 and the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 is performed.
- the connection operation of the battery 3 by the battery engaging portion 24 is completed.
- connection operation start position for example, the position of the battery engagement portion 24 shown in FIG. This is the operation start position.
- connection operation completion position for example, the position of the battery engagement portion 24 shown in FIG. This is the connection operation completion position.
- the lock mechanism 9 and the connectors 10 and 16 are arranged so that the lock mechanism 9 starts to be locked by the lock mechanism 9 before the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 when the battery 3 is inserted into the battery housing portion 4.
- the battery engaging portion 24 When the battery engaging portion 24 is arranged, after the battery engaging portion 24 has moved to the lock start position and further moved a predetermined amount to the back side of the battery housing portion 4, the battery engaging portion 24 starts connecting operation of the battery 3. May be.
- the lock mechanism 9 and the connectors 10 and 16 are connected so that the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 is started before the lock mechanism 9 locks the battery 3.
- the battery engaging portion 24 When the battery engaging portion 24 is arranged, after the battery engaging portion 24 has moved to the connector connection start position and further moved a predetermined amount to the back side of the battery housing portion 4, the battery engaging portion 24 starts connecting operation of the battery 3 May be. Further, when the battery 3 is inserted into the battery housing portion 4, the lock mechanism 9 and the connectors 10, 16 are started so that the lock of the battery 3 by the lock mechanism 9 and the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 are started simultaneously. When the battery engaging portion 24 is disposed, after the battery engaging portion 24 moves to the lock start position and the connector connection starting position and further moves to the back side of the battery housing portion 4, the battery engaging portion 24 moves the battery 3. The connection operation may be started.
- the motor 44 that drives the battery engaging portion 24 is controlled before and after the connection operation is started.
- the method is different.
- the control unit 27 controls the robot 5 by position control for controlling the robot 5 so that the robot 5 operates along the teaching position. That is, before the connection operation starts, the control unit 27 controls the motor 44 by position control for controlling the motor 44 by controlling the rotation amount of the motor 44. In addition, before starting the connection operation, the control unit 27 stops the motor 44 when the load of the motor 44 exceeds a predetermined first reference value. In this embodiment, the current value of the motor 44 is measured as a load of the motor 44, and the control unit 27 turns off the motor 44 when the current value of the motor 44 exceeds a predetermined first reference current value before starting the connection operation. The motor 44 is controlled by current control to be stopped. In practice, the controller 27 stops the motor 44 when the value obtained by multiplying the current value of the motor 44 by a predetermined constant exceeds the value obtained by multiplying the first reference current value by a similar constant.
- the control unit 27 performs position control for controlling the robot 5 so that the robot 5 operates along the teaching position before the connection operation starts. To control. That is, before the connection operation starts, the control unit 27 controls the motor 44 by position control for controlling the motor 44 by controlling the rotation amount of the motor 44. Further, before the connection operation starts, the control unit 27 controls the motor 44 by the first control that stops the motor 44 when the load of the motor 44 exceeds a predetermined first reference value. In this embodiment, the current value of the motor 44 is measured as a load of the motor 44, and the control unit 27 turns off the motor 44 when the current value of the motor 44 exceeds a predetermined first reference current value before starting the connection operation. The motor 44 is controlled by current control to be stopped. That is, the first control of the present embodiment is current control. In practice, the controller 27 stops the motor 44 when the value obtained by multiplying the current value of the motor 44 by a predetermined constant exceeds the value obtained by multiplying the first reference current value by a similar constant.
- the control unit 27 controls the motor 44 by position control.
- the control unit 27 is configured as shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 15 and 16.
- the motor 44 is controlled. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, when the battery engaging portion 24 starts to insert the battery 3 into the battery accommodating portion 4, the battery engaging portion 24 moves to the connection operation start position and the connection operation is started. (Step S41), the control unit 27 starts overload control (Step S42).
- the overload control of the present embodiment is current control as described below.
- step S43 the control unit 27 starts measuring the drive time of the motor 44 after the connection operation is started. Thereafter, the control unit 27 determines whether or not the battery engagement unit 24 has moved to the connection operation completion position (step S44).
- step S44 when the battery engaging portion 24 has moved to the connection operation completion position, the control portion 27 raises the engaging claw portion 41 that is engaged with the handle portion 14 of the battery 3.
- the battery mounting portion 22 and the battery engaging portion 24 are retracted away from the bus 2 (step S45), and the operation of inserting the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4 by the battery engaging portion 24 is completed.
- step S44 determines that the drive time of the motor 44 after the start of the connection operation started in step S43 is a predetermined time. It is determined whether or not the reference time has elapsed (step S47). If the drive time of the motor 44 has not passed the reference time in step S47, the process returns to step S44.
- step S47 when the drive time of the motor 44 has passed the reference time, the control unit 27 raises the engagement claw portion 41 engaged with the handle portion 14 of the battery 3 after raising the engagement claw portion 41. Then, the motor 44 is reversely rotated to retract the battery engaging portion 24 in a direction away from the bus 2 (step S48). That is, if the drive time of the motor 44 has passed the reference time before the battery engaging portion 24 moves to the connection operation completion position, the control portion 27 retracts the battery engaging portion 24 in the direction in which the battery 3 is withdrawn.
- the battery mounting unit 22 is not retracted in the direction in which the battery 3 is pulled out in step S48, but the battery mounting unit 22 may be retracted in the direction in which the battery 3 is pulled out in step S48.
- step S49 the control unit 27 ends the overload control (step S49), and the battery 3 is supplied to the battery housing unit 4 by the battery engaging unit 24. Plug-in operation ends abnormally.
- the overload control ends, the threshold value of the current value of the motor 44 is switched from the second reference current value described below to the first reference current value.
- step S42 When overload control is started in step S42, as shown in FIG. 16, the control unit 27 calculates the current value of the motor 44 corresponding to the load of the motor 44 (step S51). It is determined whether or not the current value exceeds the second reference current value (step S52). The second reference current value is smaller than the first reference current value.
- step S42 when overload control is started, the threshold value of the current value of the motor 44 is switched from the first reference current value to the second reference current value.
- step S51 a value obtained by multiplying the current value of the motor 44 by a predetermined constant is calculated
- step S52 a value obtained by multiplying the current value of the motor 44 by this constant is the second reference current value. It is determined whether or not a value obtained by multiplying the same constant by.
- step S52 when the current value of the motor 44 does not exceed the second reference current value, the control unit 27 determines whether or not the battery engagement unit 24 has moved to the connection operation completion position (step S53). ). In step S53, when the battery engaging portion 24 has not moved to the connection operation completion position, the process returns to step S51, and when the battery engagement portion 24 has moved to the connection operation completion position, the control unit 27. Ends the overload control. When ending the overload control, the threshold value of the current value of the motor 44 is switched from the second reference current value to the first reference current value.
- step S52 when the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value in step S52, the control unit 27 sets the duration of the state where the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value. Measurement is performed (step S54), and it is determined whether or not the continuation time has passed a predetermined reference time (step S55). In step S55, when the continuation time has passed the reference time, the control unit 27 stops the motor 44 (step S56) and ends the overload control. On the other hand, in step S55, if the duration time has not passed the reference time, the process proceeds to step S53.
- step S55 proceeds from step S53 to steps S53, S51, and S52. If the current value of the motor 44 does not exceed the second reference current value in step S52, the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value. The duration of the active state is reset. On the other hand, the process proceeds from step S55 to steps S53, S51, and S52. If the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value in step S52, the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value. The duration of the current state is not reset, and the duration of the state in which the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value is added in step S54.
- the rotational speed of the motor 44 before the connection operation is started (that is, the moving speed of the battery engagement portion 24) is the motor after the connection operation is started. It is faster than the rotational speed of 44.
- the control unit 27 controls the motor 44 by the overload control in addition to the position control when the connection operation is started when the battery 3 is inserted into the battery housing unit 4. ing.
- the overload control is current control.
- the motor 44 is stopped when a predetermined reference time elapses with the current value of the motor 44 exceeding the second reference current value. . Therefore, in this embodiment, when the battery 3 is locked by the lock mechanism 9, the battery 3 is displaced with respect to the lock mechanism 9, and the lock mechanism 9 and the battery 3 interfere to cause damage to the robot 5 or the like.
- the mechanical lock mechanism 9 that locks the battery 3 by operating with the insertion force of the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4 is installed in the battery housing portion 4, and the battery is connected to the battery housing portion 4. Even when the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected with the insertion force of 3, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery housing portion 4, the battery 3, and the robot 5.
- the motor 44 is driven. Therefore, when the battery 3 is locked by the lock mechanism 9 or when the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected, even if the motor 44 is subjected to a short overload that does not damage the robot 5 or the like, The mechanism 9 can lock the battery 3 and connect the connector 10 and the connector 16. That is, in this embodiment, it is possible to lock the battery 3 by the lock mechanism 9 and to connect the connector 10 and the connector 16 while preventing damage to the battery housing 4, the battery 3, and the robot 5. .
- the lock of the battery 3 by the lock mechanism 9 and the connection between the connector 10 and the connector 16 are ensured based on the rotation amount of the motor 44. It is possible to detect whether or not it is completed.
- the control unit 27 3 when the driving time of the motor 44 after the start of the connection operation has passed the reference time before the battery engagement unit 24 moves to the connection operation completion position after the start of the connection operation, the control unit 27 3, the battery engaging portion 24 is retracted in the pulling direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery housing part 4, the battery 3, and the robot 5. That is, when the battery engagement portion 24 does not move to the connection operation completion position even though the drive time of the motor 44 after the connection operation starts has passed the reference time, the lock mechanism 9 and the battery 3 Interference or interference between the connector 10 and the connector 16 has occurred, and it is assumed that these components are overloaded. In this embodiment, the battery engaging portion 24 moves to the connection operation completion position.
- the control unit 27 retracts the battery engaging unit 24 in the direction in which the battery 3 is withdrawn. It is possible to remove the applied overload and prevent damage to the battery housing 4, the battery 3, and the robot 5.
- the control unit 27 has the first reference current value smaller than the first reference current value before the start of the connection operation.
- the motor 44 is stopped when a predetermined reference time elapses with the current value of the motor 44 exceeding the two reference current values. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the battery 3 is locked by the lock mechanism 9, the battery 3 is displaced with respect to the lock mechanism 9, and the lock mechanism 9 and the battery 3 interfere to cause damage to the robot 5 or the like. When an excessive load is applied to the motor 44 or when the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected, the connectors 10 and 16 are displaced to interfere with each other, and the robot 5 is damaged. When the motor 44 is applied to the motor 44, the motor 44 can be stopped.
- the connection operation when the connection operation is started, even if the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value, the reference time elapses with the current value of the motor 44 exceeding the second reference current value. Until then, the motor 44 is driven. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the battery 3 is locked by the lock mechanism 9 or when the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected, the motor 44 is subjected to a short overload that does not damage the robot 5 or the like. However, the battery 3 can be locked by the lock mechanism 9 and the connector 10 and the connector 16 can be connected.
- the mechanical lock mechanism 9 that locks the battery 3 by operating with the insertion force of the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4 is installed in the battery housing portion 4, and the battery is connected to the battery housing portion 4. Even when the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected with an insertion force of 3, the battery 3 is locked by the lock mechanism 9 while the battery housing 4, the battery 3 and the robot 5 are prevented from being damaged. And the connector 16 can be connected.
- the motor 44 does not stop unless the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the first reference current value that is larger than the second reference current value before the start of the connection operation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the acceleration / deceleration of the motor 44 before the start of the connection operation can be increased. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to shorten the movement time of the battery 3 from the start of the operation of inserting the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4 until the connection operation is started. Further, in this embodiment, since the rotation speed of the motor 44 before the start of the connection operation is higher than the rotation speed of the motor 44 after the start of the connection operation, the operation of inserting the battery 3 into the battery housing portion 4 is started. It is possible to further shorten the movement time of the battery 3 until the connection operation is started.
- the rotation speed of the motor 44 after the start of the connection operation is slower than the rotation speed of the motor 44 before the start of the connection operation. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the battery 3 is locked by the lock mechanism 9, the battery 3 is displaced with respect to the lock mechanism 9, and the lock mechanism 9 and the battery 3 interfere to cause damage to the robot 5 or the like. When an excessive load is applied to the motor 44 or when the connector 10 and the connector 16 are connected, the connector 10 and the connector 16 are displaced to interfere with each other, and the robot 5 and the like are damaged. When a load is applied to the motor 44, the motor 44 can be stopped in a short time. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent damage to the battery housing part 4, the battery 3, and the robot 5.
- the control unit 27 3 when the driving time of the motor 44 after the start of the connection operation has passed the reference time before the battery engagement unit 24 moves to the connection operation completion position after the start of the connection operation, the control unit 27 3, the battery engaging portion 24 is retracted in the pulling direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery housing part 4, the battery 3, and the robot 5. That is, when the battery engagement portion 24 does not move to the connection operation completion position even though the drive time of the motor 44 after the connection operation starts has passed the reference time, the lock mechanism 9 and the battery 3 Interference or interference between the connector 10 and the connector 16 has occurred, and it is assumed that these components are overloaded. In this embodiment, the battery engaging portion 24 moves to the connection operation completion position.
- the control unit 27 retracts the battery engaging unit 24 in the direction in which the battery 3 is withdrawn. It is possible to remove the applied overload and prevent damage to the battery housing 4, the battery 3, and the robot 5.
- step S47 when the driving time of the motor 44 has passed the reference time in step S47, the control unit 27 reverses the motor 44 and retracts the battery engaging unit 24 in the direction away from the bus 2. I am letting.
- the control unit 27 may stop the battery engaging unit 24. That is, in step S47, when the driving time of the motor 44 has passed the reference time, the control unit 27 may stop the motor 44.
- the control unit 27 causes the current value to be the second even if the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value in the overload control.
- the motor 44 is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses when the reference current value is exceeded, and when the reference time elapses when the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value, the motor 44 is stopped. ing.
- the control unit 27 measures a load value other than the current value of the motor 44 as the load of the motor 44, and in the overload control, even if the measured load exceeds a predetermined reference value, The motor 44 may be driven until a predetermined reference time elapses with the load exceeding the reference value, and the motor 44 may be stopped when the reference time elapses with the load exceeding the reference value.
- the control unit 27 measures the load of the motor 44 using a pressure sensor that measures the contact pressure between the battery 3 and the engaging claw portion 41 during the operation of inserting the battery 3 into the battery housing unit 4.
- the motor 44 In the load control, even if the detection value of the pressure sensor exceeds a predetermined reference value, the motor 44 is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses in a state where the detection value exceeds the reference value. The motor 44 may be stopped when the reference time elapses in a state exceeding the above.
- the control unit 27 determines that the current value of the motor 44 does not exceed the second reference current value in overload control.
- the motor 44 is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses when the second reference current value is exceeded, and when the reference time elapses when the current value of the motor 44 exceeds the second reference current value, the motor 44 is turned off.
- the control unit 27 measures a load value other than the current value of the motor 44 as a load of the motor 44 in the overload control, and the measured load exceeds a predetermined second reference value.
- the motor 44 is driven until a predetermined reference time elapses when the load exceeds the second reference value, and the motor 44 is operated when the reference time elapses when the load exceeds the second reference value. It can be stopped .
- the control unit 27 measures the load of the motor 44 using the above-described pressure sensor, and even if the detected value of the pressure sensor exceeds a predetermined second reference value, the detected value is the second reference value.
- the motor 44 may be driven until a predetermined reference time elapses in a state where the value is exceeded, and the motor 44 may be stopped when the reference time elapses in a state where the detected value exceeds the second reference value.
- the controller 27 stops the motor 44 when the current value of the motor 44 exceeds a predetermined first reference current value before the start of the connection operation.
- the control unit 27 may stop the motor 44 when the load of the motor 44 measured by the pressure sensor described above exceeds a predetermined reference value before starting the connection operation.
- the control unit 27 stops the motor 44 when the current value of the motor 44 exceeds a predetermined first reference current value before starting the connection operation. .
- the control unit 27 measures a load value other than the current value of the motor 44 as a load of the motor 44 before the connection operation starts, and the measured load exceeds a predetermined first reference value.
- the motor 44 may be stopped when
- the control unit 27 measures the load of the motor 44 using a pressure sensor that measures the contact pressure between the battery 3 and the engaging claw portion 41 during the operation of inserting the battery 3 into the battery housing unit 4, and the connection.
- the motor 44 may be stopped when the load of the motor 44 measured by the pressure sensor exceeds a predetermined first reference value.
- the robot 5 is a robot for exchanging the battery 3 mounted on the bus 2, but the robot 5 is for exchanging the battery 3 of a vehicle other than the bus 2 such as a truck or a private car. It may be a robot.
- Battery replacement system 2 Bus (vehicle) 3 Battery 4 Battery compartment 5 Robot (Battery exchange robot) 9 Locking mechanism 10 Connector (container side connector) 16 connector (battery side connector) 17 Battery insertion / removal mechanism 22 Battery mounting part 24 Battery engagement part 27 Control part 44 Motor
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態にかかるバッテリー交換システム1の斜視図である。図2は、図1のE部を別の角度から示す斜視図である。以下の説明では、互いに直交する3方向のそれぞれをX方向、Y方向およびZ方向とする。本形態では、Z方向が上下方向(鉛直方向)と一致する。また、以下の説明では、X方向を前後方向、Y方向を左右方向とする。
図3は、図2のF部の拡大図である。図4は、図1に示すバッテリー3およびバッテリー収容部4の構成を説明するための概略図である。
図2に示すように、ロボット5は、バッテリー収容部4からの4個のバッテリー3のそれぞれの引抜きおよびバッテリー収容部4への4個のバッテリー3のそれぞれの差込みを行うバッテリー抜差機構17と、バッテリー抜差機構17を昇降させる昇降機構18と、上下方向を軸方向としてバッテリー抜差機構17および昇降機構18を回動させる回動機構19と、バッテリー抜差機構17、昇降機構18および回動機構19を左右方向へ移動させる水平移動機構20とを備えている。また、ロボット5は、検出用マーク8および検出用プレート13を検出するための検出機構21を備えている。バッテリー抜差機構17、昇降機構18、回動機構19および水平移動機構20は、ロボット5を制御する制御部27(図2参照)に接続されており、これらの構成は、制御部27によって制御される。
また、検出機構21も制御部27に接続されている。
図5は、図2に示すバッテリー抜差機構17および昇降機構18を正面から示す図である。図6は、図5のH-H方向からバッテリー抜差機構17および昇降機構18を示す図である。図7は、図5に示すバッテリー搭載機構23を正面から説明するための図である。図8は、図5に示すバッテリー搭載機構23を上面から説明するための図である。
図9は、図5に示すバッテリー移動機構25を側面から説明するための図である。図10は、図9に示すバッテリー係合部24がバス2から離れる方向へ移動したときの状態を側面から説明するための図である。図11は、図5に示すバッテリー移動機構25を上面から説明するための図である。
昇降機構18は、図2、図5に示すように、バッテリー搭載部22およびバッテリー係合部24の移動方向(以下、この方向を「第1方向」とする。)と上下方向とに直交する方向(以下、この方向を「第2方向」とする。)の両端側のそれぞれに配置される第1昇降機構59および第2昇降機構60を備えている。第1昇降機構59は、第1連結機構61によって、保持部材26の第2方向の一端側に連結されている。第2昇降機構60は、第2連結機構62によって、保持部材26の第2方向の他端側に連結されている。第1昇降機構59および第2昇降機構60は、水平方向に対して保持部材26を傾けるために、個別に駆動可能となっている。また、保持部材26は、水平方向に対して傾斜可能となるように第1昇降機構59および第2昇降機構60に連結されている。
回動機構19は、図2に示すように、バッテリー抜差機構17および昇降機構18が搭載されるとともに回動可能な回動部材85と、回動部材85を回動させる回動駆動機構86とを備えている。水平移動機構20は、図2に示すように、バッテリー抜差機構17、昇降機構18および回動機構19が搭載されるとともに左右方向へ移動可能なスライド部材87と、スライド部材87を移動させる水平駆動機構88とを備えている。
検出機構21は、レーザ光を射出する発光部と、この発光部から射出されバス2の側面2aやバッテリー置き台6の前面等の反射物で反射されたレーザ光を受光する受光部とを備えるレーザセンサである。この検出機構21は、図8に示すように、バッテリー搭載部22の前端側の上面に取り付けられている。本形態では、4個のバッテリー置き台6のそれぞれに形成される一対の(2個の)検出用マーク8に対応するように、2個の検出機構21がバッテリー搭載部22に取り付けられている。検出機構21は、発光部から射出されたレーザ光を反射する反射物が所定の測定レンジ内にあるとオンの状態になり、レーザ光を反射する反射物が測定レンジ内にないとオフの状態になる。また、オンの状態の検出機構21を用いて、検出機構21と反射物との距離を検出することが可能となっている。
図12は、図2に示すバッテリー交換ロボット5のバッテリー3の交換動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。図13は、図2に示すバッテリー交換ロボット5によるバス2からのバッテリー3の引抜き動作を説明するための図である。図14は、図2に示すバッテリー交換ロボット5によるバス2へのバッテリー3の差込み動作を説明するための図である。
図15は、図2に示すバッテリー交換ロボット5のバッテリー3の差込み動作時の制御を説明するためのフローチャートである。図16は、図2に示すバッテリー交換ロボット5のバッテリー3の差込み動作時における過負荷制御を説明するためのフローチャートである。
以上説明したように、本形態では、制御部27は、バッテリー収容部4へのバッテリー3の差込み動作時に接続動作が開始されると、位置制御に加えて、過負荷制御によってモータ44を制御している。また、この過負荷制御は、電流制御であり、この過負荷制御では、モータ44の電流値が第2基準電流値を超えた状態で所定の基準時間が経過すると、モータ44を停止させている。そのため、本形態では、ロック機構9によってバッテリー3をロックする際に、ロック機構9に対してバッテリー3が位置ずれを起こしてロック機構9とバッテリー3とが干渉し、ロボット5等に損傷が生じる程の過負荷がモータ44にかかったときや、コネクタ10とコネクタ16とを接続する際に、コネクタ10、16同士が位置ずれを起こして干渉し、ロボット5等に損傷が生じる程の過負荷がモータ44にかかったときに、モータ44を停止させることが可能になる。したがって、本形態では、バッテリー収容部4へのバッテリー3の差込み力で作動してバッテリー3をロックする機械式のロック機構9がバッテリー収容部4に設置され、かつ、バッテリー収容部4へのバッテリー3の差込み力でコネクタ10とコネクタ16とを接続する場合であっても、バッテリー収容部4、バッテリー3およびロボット5の損傷を防止することが可能になる。
以上説明したように、本形態では、制御部27は、バッテリー収容部4へのバッテリー3の差込み動作時に接続動作が開始されると、接続動作の開始前の第1基準電流値よりも小さい第2基準電流値をモータ44の電流値が超えた状態で所定の基準時間が経過したときにモータ44を停止させている。そのため、本形態では、ロック機構9によってバッテリー3をロックする際に、ロック機構9に対してバッテリー3が位置ずれを起こしてロック機構9とバッテリー3とが干渉し、ロボット5等に損傷が生じる程の過負荷がモータ44にかかったときや、コネクタ10とコネクタ16とを接続する際に、コネクタ10、16同士が位置ずれを起こして干渉し、ロボット5等に損傷が生じる程の過負荷がモータ44にかかったときに、モータ44を停止させることが可能になる。
上述した形態は、本発明の好適な形態の一例ではあるが、これに限定されるものではなく本発明の要旨を変更しない範囲において種々変形実施が可能である。
2 バス(車両)
3 バッテリー
4 バッテリー収容部
5 ロボット(バッテリー交換ロボット)
9 ロック機構
10 コネクタ(収容部側コネクタ)
16 コネクタ(バッテリー側コネクタ)
17 バッテリー抜差機構
22 バッテリー搭載部
24 バッテリー係合部
27 制御部
44 モータ
Claims (13)
- 車両に搭載されているバッテリーを交換するためのバッテリー交換ロボットにおいて、
前記車両に取り付けられるとともに前記バッテリーが収容されるバッテリー収容部からの前記バッテリーの引抜きおよび前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込みを行うバッテリー抜差機構と、前記バッテリー抜差機構を制御する制御部とを備え、
前記バッテリーは、前記車両と前記バッテリーとを電気的に接続するためのバッテリー側コネクタを備え、
前記バッテリー収容部は、収容された前記バッテリーをロックするロック機構と、前記バッテリー側コネクタに接続される収容部側コネクタとを備え、
前記バッテリー抜差機構は、前記バッテリーが搭載されるバッテリー搭載部と、前記バッテリーに係合して前記バッテリーを移動させるバッテリー係合部と、前記バッテリー係合部を駆動するためのモータとを備え、
前記ロック機構は、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で作動して前記バッテリーをロックする機械式のロック機構であり、
前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとは、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で接続され、
前記制御部は、前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み動作時に、位置制御によって前記モータを制御するとともに、前記差込み動作時において、前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックおよび前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続の少なくともいずれか一方が行われる接続動作が開始されると、位置制御に加えて、前記モータの負荷が所定の基準値を超えても前記モータの負荷が前記基準値を超えた状態で所定の基準時間が経過するまで前記モータを駆動させるとともに前記モータの負荷が前記基準値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過すると前記モータを停止させる過負荷制御によって前記モータを制御することを特徴とするバッテリー交換ロボット。 - 前記過負荷制御は、前記モータの電流値が前記基準値である基準電流値を超えても前記モータの電流値が前記基準電流値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過するまで前記モータを駆動させるとともに、前記モータの電流値が前記基準電流値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過すると前記モータを停止させる電流制御であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバッテリー交換ロボット。
- 前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックが開始されるロック開始位置、および、前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続が開始されるコネクタ接続開始位置の少なくともいずれか一方まで前記バッテリー係合部が移動すると、前記接続動作が開始されることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のバッテリー交換ロボット。
- 前記制御部は、前記接続動作が開始されると、前記接続動作開始後の前記モータの駆動時間の計測を開始し、前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックおよび前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続が完了する接続動作完了位置に前記バッテリー係合部が移動するまでの間に、前記接続動作開始後の前記モータの駆動時間が所定時間を経過すると、前記バッテリーの引抜き方向へ前記バッテリー係合部を退避させることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のバッテリー交換ロボット。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のバッテリー交換ロボットと、前記バッテリー収容部とを備えることを特徴とするバッテリー交換システム。
- 車両に取り付けられるとともにバッテリーが収容されるバッテリー収容部からの前記バッテリーの引抜きおよび前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込みを行うバッテリー抜差機構を備え、前記バッテリーは、前記車両と前記バッテリーとを電気的に接続するためのバッテリー側コネクタを備え、前記バッテリー収容部は、収容された前記バッテリーをロックするロック機構と、前記バッテリー側コネクタに接続される収容部側コネクタとを備え、前記バッテリー抜差機構は、前記バッテリーが搭載されるバッテリー搭載部と、前記バッテリーに係合して前記バッテリーを移動させるバッテリー係合部と、前記バッテリー係合部を駆動するためのモータとを備え、前記ロック機構は、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で作動して前記バッテリーをロックする機械式のロック機構であり、前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとは、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で接続されるバッテリー交換ロボットの制御方法であって、
前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み動作時に、位置制御によって前記モータを制御するとともに、前記差込み動作時において、前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックおよび前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続の少なくともいずれか一方が行われる接続動作が開始されると、位置制御に加えて、前記モータの負荷が所定の基準値を超えても前記モータの負荷が前記基準値を超えた状態で所定の基準時間が経過するまで前記モータを駆動させるとともに前記モータの負荷が前記基準値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過すると前記モータを停止させる過負荷制御によって前記モータを制御することを特徴とするバッテリー交換ロボットの制御方法。 - 車両に搭載されているバッテリーを交換するためのバッテリー交換ロボットにおいて、
前記車両に取り付けられるとともに前記バッテリーが収容されるバッテリー収容部からの前記バッテリーの引抜きおよび前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込みを行うバッテリー抜差機構と、前記バッテリー抜差機構を制御する制御部とを備え、
前記バッテリーは、前記車両と前記バッテリーとを電気的に接続するためのバッテリー側コネクタを備え、
前記バッテリー収容部は、収容された前記バッテリーをロックするロック機構と、前記バッテリー側コネクタに接続される収容部側コネクタとを備え、
前記バッテリー抜差機構は、前記バッテリーが搭載されるバッテリー搭載部と、前記バッテリーに係合して前記バッテリーを移動させるバッテリー係合部と、前記バッテリー係合部を駆動するためのモータとを備え、
前記ロック機構は、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で作動して前記バッテリーをロックする機械式のロック機構であり、
前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとは、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で接続され、
前記制御部は、前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み動作時において、前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックおよび前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続の少なくともいずれか一方が行われる接続動作の開始前は、前記モータの負荷が所定の第1基準値を超えると前記モータを停止させる第1制御によって前記モータを制御し、前記接続動作が開始されると、前記モータの負荷が前記第1基準値よりも小さい第2基準値を超えても前記モータの負荷が前記第2基準値を超えた状態で所定の基準時間が経過するまで前記モータを駆動させるとともに前記モータの負荷が前記第2基準値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過すると前記モータを停止させる第2制御によって前記モータを制御することを特徴とするバッテリー交換ロボット。 - 前記第1制御は、前記モータの電流値が前記第1基準値である第1基準電流値を超えると前記モータを停止させる電流制御であり、
前記第2制御は、前記モータの電流値が前記第2基準値である第2基準電流値を超えても前記モータの電流値が前記第2基準電流値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過するまで前記モータを駆動させるとともに、前記モータの電流値が前記第2基準電流値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過すると前記モータを停止させる電流制御であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のバッテリー交換ロボット。 - 前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックが開始されるロック開始位置、および、前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続が開始されるコネクタ接続開始位置の少なくともいずれか一方まで前記バッテリー係合部が移動すると、前記接続動作が開始されることを特徴とする請求項7または8記載のバッテリー交換ロボット。
- 前記接続動作開始前の前記モータの回転速度は、前記接続動作開始後の前記モータの回転速度よりも速くなっていることを特徴とする請求項7から9のいずれかに記載のバッテリー交換ロボット。
- 前記制御部は、前記接続動作が開始されると、前記接続動作開始後の前記モータの駆動時間の計測を開始し、前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックおよび前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続が完了する接続動作完了位置に前記バッテリー係合部が移動するまでの間に、前記接続動作開始後の前記モータの駆動時間が所定時間を経過すると、前記バッテリーの引抜き方向へ前記バッテリー係合部を退避させることを特徴とする請求項7から10のいずれかに記載のバッテリー交換ロボット。
- 請求項7から11のいずれかに記載のバッテリー交換ロボットと、前記バッテリー収容部とを備えることを特徴とするバッテリー交換システム。
- 車両に取り付けられるとともにバッテリーが収容されるバッテリー収容部からの前記バッテリーの引抜きおよび前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込みを行うバッテリー抜差機構を備え、前記バッテリーは、前記車両と前記バッテリーとを電気的に接続するためのバッテリー側コネクタを備え、前記バッテリー収容部は、収容された前記バッテリーをロックするロック機構と、前記バッテリー側コネクタに接続される収容部側コネクタとを備え、前記バッテリー抜差機構は、前記バッテリーが搭載されるバッテリー搭載部と、前記バッテリーに係合して前記バッテリーを移動させるバッテリー係合部と、前記バッテリー係合部を駆動するためのモータとを備え、前記ロック機構は、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で作動して前記バッテリーをロックする機械式のロック機構であり、前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとは、前記バッテリー係合部による前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み力で接続されるバッテリー交換ロボットの制御方法であって、
前記バッテリー収容部への前記バッテリーの差込み動作時において、前記ロック機構による前記バッテリーのロックおよび前記バッテリー側コネクタと前記収容部側コネクタとの接続の少なくともいずれか一方が行われる接続動作の開始前は、前記モータの負荷が所定の第1基準値を超えると前記モータを停止させ、
前記接続動作が開始されると、前記モータの負荷が前記第1基準値よりも小さい第2基準値を超えても前記モータの負荷が前記第2基準値を超えた状態で所定の基準時間が経過するまで前記モータを駆動させるとともに、前記モータの負荷が前記第2基準値を超えた状態で前記基準時間が経過すると前記モータを停止させることを特徴とするバッテリー交換ロボットの制御方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN105555623A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
CN105555623B (zh) | 2017-11-07 |
CN107225955B (zh) | 2019-08-23 |
CN107225955A (zh) | 2017-10-03 |
KR20160061318A (ko) | 2016-05-31 |
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