WO2015037350A1 - Capteur - Google Patents

Capteur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015037350A1
WO2015037350A1 PCT/JP2014/069821 JP2014069821W WO2015037350A1 WO 2015037350 A1 WO2015037350 A1 WO 2015037350A1 JP 2014069821 W JP2014069821 W JP 2014069821W WO 2015037350 A1 WO2015037350 A1 WO 2015037350A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power storage
storage device
state
charge
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/069821
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
恭孝 前川
Original Assignee
株式会社村田製作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社村田製作所 filed Critical 株式会社村田製作所
Publication of WO2015037350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015037350A1/fr

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor provided with a power storage device.
  • an operational amplifier for amplifying an output signal from the sensor is necessary. Therefore, an operational amplifier power supply must be prepared.
  • a commercial power source is used as the power source, it is necessary to provide wiring for the commercial power source.
  • the power storage device In the case of using a power storage device as a power source, the power storage device must be periodically replaced according to the degree of consumption of the power storage device. There is a need for a sensor that does not require periodic replacement of a power storage device.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a lighting system that is independent from commercial power and does not require maintenance.
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of this illumination system.
  • the lighting system includes a power supply unit 110 and a lighting unit 120.
  • the power supply unit 110 includes a solar cell module 111, a secondary battery 112, a backflow prevention diode 113, and a sunshine discrimination switch circuit 114.
  • the illumination unit 120 includes a light emitting diode 121 and a lighting control circuit 122.
  • the solar cell module 111 has a function as a power generation element and a function of a sunshine discrimination sensor.
  • the sunshine discrimination switch circuit 114 is turned on / off depending on whether or not there is an output from the solar cell module 111.
  • the secondary battery 112 is charged with the electric power generated by the solar cell module 111.
  • the power stored in the secondary battery 112 is supplied to the lighting unit 120.
  • the light-emitting diode 121 blinks by the lighting control circuit 122 controlling the blinking period, the duty ratio, the peak current value, and the like.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a sensor that does not require replacement of a power storage device even when the state of charge of the power storage device decreases.
  • An energy conversion element that harvests energy from the surrounding environment to generate electrical energy and outputs it as an electrical signal;
  • a power storage device An amplifier that operates by receiving power from the power storage device;
  • a sensor having a current path for inputting an electric signal output from the energy conversion element to the power storage device and the amplifier is provided.
  • the power storage device When the electric signal output from the energy conversion element is input to the power storage device, the power storage device is charged. For this reason, the battery replacement resulting from the reduced state of charge of the power storage device is unnecessary.
  • the amplifier when the electrical signal output from the energy conversion element is input to the amplifier, the amplifier outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the surrounding environmental energy. Thereby, the output of the amplifier can be used as the sensor output.
  • the power output terminal for taking out power from the power storage device may be further included.
  • the sensor can be used as a power source for an external device.
  • the current path includes a switching element that switches between a first connection state in which an electrical signal output from the energy conversion element is input to the power storage device and a second connection state input to the amplifier. It is good also as a structure. When the switching element is in the first connection state, the power storage device is charged, so that a decrease in the state of charge can be compensated.
  • the power storage device may further include a power storage monitoring circuit that detects a charge state of the power storage device and switches a connection state of the switching element based on the charge state of the power storage device. An excessive decrease in the state of charge of the power storage device can be prevented.
  • a power storage monitoring circuit for detecting a state of charge of the power storage device;
  • a charge state output terminal for outputting an electrical signal corresponding to the charge state detected by the power storage monitoring circuit; It is good also as a structure which further has a state switching terminal into which the switching signal for switching the connection state of the said switching element is input.
  • the external control device can determine the state of charge of the power storage device and charge the power storage device. Further, if necessary, the sensor output can be obtained from the amplifier by switching the switching element to the second connection state.
  • the energy conversion element may be configured to convert light energy into electrical energy. As a result, an optical sensor that does not require periodic replacement based on consumption of the power storage device is realized.
  • the power storage device When the electric signal output from the energy conversion element is input to the power storage device, the power storage device is charged. For this reason, the battery replacement resulting from the reduced state of charge of the power storage device is unnecessary.
  • the amplifier when the electrical signal output from the energy conversion element is input to the amplifier, the amplifier outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the surrounding environmental energy. Thereby, the output of the amplifier can be used as the sensor output.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a sensor according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2A is a graph showing an example of the current-voltage characteristics of the energy conversion element used in the sensor according to Example 1
  • FIG. 2B is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the illuminance of the energy conversion element and the amount of power generation. It is.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the illuminance of the energy conversion element used in the sensor according to Example 1 and the open circuit voltage.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating an example of a time change of various signals of the sensor according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a sensor according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a sensor according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating an example of temporal changes of various signals of the sensor according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a sensor according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a sensor 10 according to the first embodiment.
  • the energy conversion element 11 harvests energy from the surrounding environment to generate electric energy, and outputs the electric energy as an electric signal.
  • the energy conversion element 11 for example, a solar cell, an optical sensor, a vibration sensor, or the like can be used. When solar cells and light sensors are used, light energy is harvested from the surrounding environment. When a vibration sensor is used, vibration energy is harvested from the surrounding environment.
  • the electrical signal output from the energy conversion element 11 is input to the power storage device 15 and the amplifier 16 via the current path 12.
  • a capacitor, a secondary battery, or the like is used for the power storage device 15.
  • the amplifier 16 for example, a non-inverting amplifier circuit using an operational amplifier (op amp) is used.
  • the input impedance of the amplifier 16 is almost infinite, and the output impedance is almost zero.
  • the current path 12 includes a switching element 13 and a charging step-up / down circuit 14.
  • the switching element 13 switches between a first connection state in which the electrical signal output from the energy conversion element 11 is input to the power storage device 15 and a second connection state input to the amplifier 16.
  • the step-up / step-down circuit 14 steps up or down the voltage of the electronic signal output from the energy conversion element 11 to match the rated charging voltage of the power storage device 15.
  • the step-up / down circuit 14 may be omitted.
  • the power storage device 15 is charged by the electrical signal from the energy conversion element 11. The operation in which the power storage device 15 is charged is referred to as “charging mode”.
  • the power output from the power storage device 15 is supplied as power to the amplifier 16 via the step-up / step-down circuit 17.
  • the step-up / step-down circuit 17 steps up or down the output voltage of the power storage device 15 to match the rated power supply voltage of the amplifier 16.
  • the amplifier 16 operates by receiving power supply from the power storage device 15 and outputs a voltage signal depending on the electric signal output from the energy conversion element 11 from the sensor output terminal 20. This operation is referred to as “sensor mode”.
  • the power storage monitoring circuit 18 monitors the state of charge (SOC) of the power storage device 15 and switches the switching element 13 based on the state of charge of the power storage device 15.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the stored electric energy is proportional to the square of the output voltage. For this reason, monitoring the state of charge of the power storage device 15 is equivalent to monitoring the output voltage.
  • the state of charge of the power storage device 15 rises.
  • the storage monitoring circuit 18 switches the switching element 13 from the first connection state to the second connection state.
  • the electrical signal output from the energy conversion element 11 is input to the amplifier 16.
  • the storage monitoring circuit 18 switches the switching element 13 from the second connection state to the first connection state.
  • FIG. 2A shows an example of the current-voltage characteristics of the energy conversion element 11, and FIG. 2B shows an example of the relationship between the illuminance of the energy conversion element 11 and the amount of power generation.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 2A represents the voltage in the unit “V”, and the vertical axis represents the current density in the unit “ ⁇ A / cm 2 ”.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 2B represents the illuminance in the unit “lx”, and the vertical axis represents the power generation amount in the unit “ ⁇ W / cm 2 ”.
  • the current-voltage characteristics shown in FIG. 2A are measured under conditions where the illuminance is 200 lux.
  • the power generation amount shown in FIG. 2B represents the maximum power that can be extracted from the energy conversion element 11. It can be seen that when the illuminance of the surrounding environment is 200 lux, a power generation amount of about 7 ⁇ W / cm 2 can be obtained.
  • FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the illuminance of the energy conversion element 11 and the open circuit voltage.
  • the horizontal axis represents illuminance in the unit “lx”, and the vertical axis represents the open circuit voltage in the unit “mV”. It can be seen that the open circuit voltage increases as the illuminance increases. For this reason, the energy conversion element 11 can be utilized as an illuminance detection element.
  • the open circuit voltage when the illuminance is 200 lux is about 460 mV. This open circuit voltage corresponds to the voltage when the current density is 0 in FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a time change of various signals of the sensor according to the first embodiment.
  • the upper graph in FIG. 4 represents the time change of the input from the environment, for example, the illuminance
  • the second graph represents the time change in the state of charge of the power storage device
  • the third graph represents the switching element 13.
  • the connection state is shown, and the lowermost graph shows the time change of the output of the amplifier 16.
  • the switching element 13 is set to the first connection state CS1.
  • the power storage device 15 is charged by the output power from the energy conversion element 11, so that the state of charge of the power storage device 15 increases with time.
  • the state of charge reaches the upper limit threshold SOCU.
  • the power storage monitoring circuit 18 FIG. 1 detects that the charging state has reached the upper limit threshold value SOCU, the switching element 13 is switched from the first connection state CS1 to the second connection state CS2.
  • the switching element 13 When the switching element 13 is in the second connection state CS2, the electrical signal output from the energy conversion element 11 is input to the amplifier 16 (FIG. 1). As a result, a voltage signal corresponding to the illuminance of the surrounding environment is output from the amplifier 16. Since electric power is supplied from the power storage device 15 to the amplifier 16, the state of charge of the power storage device 15 decreases with the passage of time.
  • the state of charge of the power storage device 15 decreases to the lower limit threshold SOCL.
  • the switching element 13 is switched from the second connection state CS2 to the first connection state CS1.
  • the charging of the power storage device 15 is resumed, and the state of charge rises with time.
  • the state of charge reaches the upper limit threshold SOCU.
  • the power storage monitoring circuit 18 switches the switching element 13 from the first connection state to the second connection state. As a result, a voltage signal corresponding to the illuminance of the surrounding environment is output from the amplifier 16.
  • the energy conversion element 11 acts as a power generation element during the period from time t0 to t1, and from time t2 to t3, the period from time t1 to t2, and the period after time t3, energy conversion.
  • the element 11 functions as an illuminance detection element.
  • the sensor 10 (FIG. 1) can detect illuminance in the period from time t1 to t2 and in the period after time t3.
  • the sensor 10 Since the electric power necessary for the sensor 10 to operate in the sensor mode is stored in the power storage device 15, the sensor 10 according to the first embodiment does not need to be supplied with electric power from a commercial power source. Furthermore, since the power storage device 15 is charged by the electric power generated by the energy conversion element 11, periodic replacement based on a decrease in the charged state of the power storage device 15 is also unnecessary. Since the energy conversion element 11 serves as both a power generation element and an illuminance detection element, it is possible to reduce the size and cost as compared with a case where the power generation element and the illuminance detection element are prepared separately. is there.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the sensor 10 according to the second embodiment.
  • differences from the first embodiment will be described, and description of the same configuration will be omitted.
  • the sensor 10 according to the second embodiment has a power output terminal 21.
  • the power output terminal 21 is connected to the power storage device 15. Power can be taken from the power storage device 15 to an external device via the power output terminal 21.
  • the sensor 10 according to the second embodiment can be used as a power source for external devices in addition to the function as a sensor.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the sensor 10 according to the third embodiment.
  • differences from the first embodiment will be described, and description of the same configuration will be omitted.
  • the sensor 10 includes a charging state output terminal 22 and a state switching terminal 23.
  • the power storage monitoring circuit 18 monitors the charge state of the power storage device 15 and outputs the charge state monitoring result to the charge state output terminal 22.
  • the charge state monitoring result output from the charge state output terminal 22 is input to the external control device 30.
  • the control device 30 inputs a state switching signal to the state switching terminal 23 based on the charge state monitoring result.
  • the connection state of the switching element 13 is switched by the state switching signal input to the state switching terminal 23.
  • Example 1 the sensor mode and the charging mode of the sensor 10 are autonomously switched based on the charging state of the power storage device 15.
  • the sensor mode and the charging mode can be switched from the external control device 30.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a time change of various signals of the sensor according to the third embodiment.
  • the first to fourth graphs in FIG. 7 represent the same signal time change as the first to fourth graphs in FIG. 4, respectively.
  • the switching element 13 is set to the first connection state CS1.
  • Control device 30 (FIG. 6) periodically determines whether or not the state of charge of power storage device 15 is equal to or greater than intermediate threshold value SOCM at determination times t11, t21, t31,.
  • the control device 30 sends a state switching signal for switching from the first connection state to the second connection state to the switching element 13.
  • the state switching in which the control device 30 switches the switching element 13 from the first connection state to the second connection state at the determination times t11, t21, t31, t41, t51, t71, and t91. Send a signal.
  • the switching element 13 enters the second connection state, and the operation of the sensor 10 is switched to the sensor mode. Thereby, the state of charge of power storage device 15 is lowered.
  • the control device 30 sends to the switching element 13 a state switching signal for switching from the second connection state to the first connection state. Thereby, charging of the power storage device 15 is resumed.
  • the state of charge at the next determination time is determined according to the state of charge at the sensor mode end time and the amount of power generated by the energy conversion element 11.
  • the state of charge at the next determination time t21 has recovered to the intermediate threshold SOCM or more.
  • the state of charge at the sensor mode end time t22 is equal to or greater than the intermediate threshold value SOCM. For this reason, even if the amount of power generation in the period from the sensor mode end time t22 to the next determination time t31 is not large, the state of charge at the next determination time t31 becomes equal to or greater than the intermediate threshold value SOCM.
  • control device 30 When the state of charge at the sensor mode end time t52 is equal to or lower than the intermediate threshold value SOCM and the amount of power generation until the next determination time t61 is small, the state of charge at the determination time t61 does not recover to the intermediate threshold value SOCM. When the state of charge of power storage device 15 at the determination time is less than intermediate threshold value SOCM, control device 30 does not send a state switching signal to switching element 13. At the next determination time t71, when the charging state is recovered to the intermediate threshold value SOCM or more, the control device 30 sends a state switching signal to the switching element 13.
  • the intermediate threshold value SOCM in the charged state is set to a value with a sufficient margin as compared with the electric energy consumed from the determination time to the sensor mode end time. Therefore, the sensor 10 can operate in the sensor mode from the determination time to the sensor mode end time.
  • the state of charge is determined at a constant cycle. However, the state of charge may be determined in response to a request for illuminance measurement.
  • the time from the determination time to the sensor mode end time is constant, but it is not always necessary to be constant. For example, when there is a sufficient margin in the state of charge, it is possible to lengthen the time from the determination time to the sensor mode end time.
  • Example 1 the illuminance was measured autonomously, but in Example 3, the illuminance can be measured in response to a request from the outside.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the sensor 10 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 differences from the second embodiment (FIG. 5) will be described, and description of the same configuration will be omitted.
  • the switching element 13 inserted in the current path 12 (FIG. 5) of the second embodiment is omitted.
  • the electrical signal output from the energy conversion element 11 is supplied to both the power storage device 15 and the amplifier 16 at the same time. For this reason, the sensor 10 according to the fourth embodiment can always measure the illuminance.
  • Example 4 when the output signal from the energy conversion element 11 is input to the amplifier 16, the load impedance of the energy conversion element 11 does not become infinite. For this reason, a current is extracted from the energy conversion element 11. As shown in FIG. 2A, when a current is extracted from the energy conversion element 11, the voltage between its output terminals is lower than the open circuit voltage. In order to suppress a decrease in measurement accuracy of illuminance, it is preferable to use an energy conversion element 11 having a current-voltage characteristic with a small amount of voltage decrease when the current is increased from zero. Specifically, it is preferable to use an energy conversion element in which the shape of the graph showing the current-voltage characteristics (FIG. 2A) is close to a rectangle.

Abstract

Un élément de conversion d'énergie recueille de l'énergie provenant de l'environnement, génère de l'énergie électrique et émet en même temps un signal électrique. Un amplificateur fonctionne sur le courant fourni par un dispositif de stockage d'électricité. Le signal électrique émis par l'élément de conversion d'énergie est introduit dans le dispositif de stockage d'électricité et l'amplificateur par un chemin suivi par le courant. Ceci permet d'obtenir un capteur dans lequel, même si l'état de charge d'un dispositif de stockage d'électricité chute, ledit dispositif de stockage d'électricité ne nécessite pas d'être remplacé.
PCT/JP2014/069821 2013-09-10 2014-07-28 Capteur WO2015037350A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013186835 2013-09-10
JP2013-186835 2013-09-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015037350A1 true WO2015037350A1 (fr) 2015-03-19

Family

ID=52665472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2014/069821 WO2015037350A1 (fr) 2013-09-10 2014-07-28 Capteur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2015037350A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62274400A (ja) * 1986-05-22 1987-11-28 株式会社日立製作所 計装ラツク
JPH02238323A (ja) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-20 Toshiba Corp 不揮発性半導体メモリを用いた日照時間記録装置
JP2008292319A (ja) * 2007-05-24 2008-12-04 Kobe Steel Ltd 振動センサシステム
JP2012029513A (ja) * 2010-07-27 2012-02-09 Selco Corp 太陽光発電による充放電制御装置及び太陽光発電による充放電制御方法
JP2012518183A (ja) * 2009-02-19 2012-08-09 ザ・ボーイング・カンパニー ストレッチャブルシリコンが組み込まれたセンサネットワーク

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62274400A (ja) * 1986-05-22 1987-11-28 株式会社日立製作所 計装ラツク
JPH02238323A (ja) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-20 Toshiba Corp 不揮発性半導体メモリを用いた日照時間記録装置
JP2008292319A (ja) * 2007-05-24 2008-12-04 Kobe Steel Ltd 振動センサシステム
JP2012518183A (ja) * 2009-02-19 2012-08-09 ザ・ボーイング・カンパニー ストレッチャブルシリコンが組み込まれたセンサネットワーク
JP2012029513A (ja) * 2010-07-27 2012-02-09 Selco Corp 太陽光発電による充放電制御装置及び太陽光発電による充放電制御方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6122974B2 (ja) センサノード、及びセンサノードの制御方法
WO2016098802A1 (fr) Système et procédé de stockage électrique
JP5857119B1 (ja) 蓄電システム、及び蓄電方法
US7400911B2 (en) Wireless node and method of powering a wireless node employing ambient light to charge an energy store
US7566828B2 (en) Power source device and charge controlling method to be used in same
US20120176078A1 (en) Solar chargeable battery for portable devices
US9997954B2 (en) Power storage system and power storage method
JP6646218B2 (ja) 充電回路及び電子装置
US20140217261A1 (en) Ambient lighting control system
US20110006194A1 (en) Method and device for measuring solar irradiance using a photovoltaic panel
JP2009153306A (ja) 太陽光発電システム
JP2010104117A (ja) 太陽電池による電源装置及びその充電方法
JP5857118B1 (ja) 蓄電システム、及び蓄電方法
CN103384072B (zh) 具有充电放电控制电路的电子设备
JP5233042B2 (ja) Ｌｅｄ駆動回路
WO2015037350A1 (fr) Capteur
CN203747444U (zh) 太阳能充电控制装置
US9742210B2 (en) Self-powered remote control device
JP2015169646A (ja) 物体検知装置
JP4086800B2 (ja) 電源装置
CN216362370U (zh) 一种太阳能壁灯电路
WO2019123839A1 (fr) Appareil connecteur
JP6495055B2 (ja) 充電器および充電器付きモバイル電子機器用カバー
JP6127108B2 (ja) 蓄電システム、及び蓄電方法
JP2019030097A (ja) 電源装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14844842

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 14844842

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1