WO2015029651A1 - 超音波診断装置および弾性評価方法 - Google Patents
超音波診断装置および弾性評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5215—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B8/5223—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/13—Tomography
- A61B8/14—Echo-tomography
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/46—Ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic devices with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B8/461—Displaying means of special interest
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/485—Diagnostic techniques involving measuring strain or elastic properties
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5207—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data, e.g. for generating an image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5269—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving detection or reduction of artifacts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasound imaging technique for acquiring information inside a subject non-invasively using ultrasound, and more particularly to an elastography technique for imaging tissue hardness.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is a medical image apparatus that irradiates an ultrasonic wave from outside the body and images a signal reflected back from the body based on elapsed time and signal intensity. Since ultrasonic waves have the property of being reflected according to Snell's law at interfaces with different acoustic impedances, the structure of the tissue is depicted by visualizing the difference in acoustic impedance that is slightly different depending on the tissue in the living body.
- Tissue hardness is closely related to lesions and provides important information for diagnosis.
- radiation pressure elastography in which shear wave is generated and shear rate is measured from displacement caused by propagation of the shear wave to obtain tissue hardness.
- Young's modulus E which is an index of hardness
- ⁇ density
- Vs shear wave velocity
- the shear wave is generated by irradiating focused ultrasound to one point and applying radiation pressure to the tissue.
- the pulse to be applied is called a radiation pressure generation pulse (push pulse).
- the displacement of the shear wave generated by the push pulse is detected by a shear wave detection pulse (track pulse).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in the measurement of the shear wave velocity of radiation pressure elastography, the degradation of measurement accuracy and reproducibility due to prolonged measurement time is reduced, and it has a high diagnostic ability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of acquiring a sound wave image.
- information on the movement (variation) of the measurement region is extracted from the echo signal generated by the irradiation of the track pulse while detecting the shear wave, and is provided as reliability information indicating the reliability of the measurement result.
- the factor of fluctuation is specified from the extracted information and presented to the user.
- weighting is performed with reliability information when averaging the measurement results of a plurality of times.
- the present invention in radiation pressure elastography, deterioration of measurement accuracy and reproducibility due to prolonged measurement time is reduced, and an ultrasonic image having high diagnostic ability can be acquired.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- (a) is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the B-mode image example of embodiment of this invention
- (b) is an expansion of the measurement area
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the change of the depth direction of a correlation coefficient in the measurement area
- (a) is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the example of a B mode image of the imaging region of embodiment of this invention.
- (b)-(d) is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the change of the correlation coefficient by non-shear wave fluctuation
- shear wave velocity described in this specification refers to the propagation velocity of the shear wave.
- tissue properties such as strain, Young's modulus, viscosity, and bulk modulus based on the shear wave velocity.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- focused burst ultrasonic waves for irradiating (transmitting) radiation pressure to a measurement region of a subject and generating shear waves
- Radiation pressure elastography method that measures the transmission of pulsed ultrasonic waves (hereinafter referred to as track pulses) that detect the propagation of shear waves generated by transmission, and obtains the propagation speed of shear waves as the nature of the tissue in the measurement region I do.
- track pulses pulsed ultrasonic waves
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 100 extracts information on the movement (variation) of the measurement region from the echo signal of the track pulse, and informs the user as a guideline on the reliability of the information obtained by the radiation pressure elastography. provide. Moreover, the factor of fluctuation is specified from the extracted information on fluctuation and presented to the user. Furthermore, the information regarding the fluctuation is also used for the weighting at the time of the above averaging.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 100 includes a transmission / reception beamformer 110, a sequence control unit 120, a transmission condition setting unit 130, an image generation unit 140, and an elasticity evaluation unit 150, as shown in FIG. And comprising.
- a probe 160, an input device 170, and a display device 180 are connected to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 100.
- the transmission / reception beamformer 110 transmits a transmission beam to the probe 160 and receives an echo signal received by the probe 160 in accordance with an instruction from the sequence control unit 120.
- an electrical signal of an ultrasonic pulse transmitted from each element of the probe 160 is generated.
- the generated electrical signal is converted into an analog signal by a D / A converter included in the transmission beamformer, and then sent to the probe 160 to irradiate the subject.
- the signal reflected from the interface with different acoustic impedance in the process of propagating through the subject is received by the probe 160 as a reception echo signal, converted into a digital signal through a process reverse to that at the time of transmission, and phased.
- Addition processing such as addition is performed, and after processing such as attenuation correction, it is converted into complex RF data.
- the sequence control unit 120 determines the timing of transmitting an ultrasonic pulse, the timing of receiving an echo signal, the characteristics of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse, and the like as a pulse sequence according to the imaging conditions set via the transmission condition setting unit 130. . Then, according to the determined pulse sequence, the transmission / reception beam former 110 is controlled to perform measurement. In this embodiment, radiation pressure elastography is executed. For this reason, the sequence control unit 120 according to the present embodiment generates a pulse sequence so as to perform measurement for transmitting a push pulse, repeatedly transmitting a plurality of track pulses, and receiving an echo signal by the track pulse. .
- the transmission condition setting unit 130 detects a push pulse transmission condition in the measurement region and a shear wave generated in the region according to a position (hereinafter referred to as a measurement region) where the shear wave received from the user is generated. To set the track pulse transmission conditions.
- the transmission conditions to be set include sound pressure parameters such as a focusing position, a transmission angle, a burst length, a voltage, a frequency, and a transmission aperture.
- FIG. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are diagrams for explaining the concept of push pulse and track pulse transmission.
- FIG. 2A is an example of the B-mode image 210
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the measurement region 220 in the B-mode image 210.
- An arrow 234 is the depth direction.
- the shear wave 221 due to the radiation pressure generated at the focal point 222 of the push pulse in the measurement region 220 propagates through the tissue.
- a track pulse is transmitted to detect this shear wave. For this reason, the track pulse is continuously transmitted during the propagation time of the shear wave at the shortest with respect to one push pulse.
- the transmission condition of the push pulse is set so that the push pulse is transmitted to a desired position 222 in the designated measurement region 220, and the transmission condition of the track pulse is that the shear wave 221 generated by the push pulse is the echo signal. Is set so that measurement is possible.
- the number of transmissions in one measurement, the number of repetitions, the transmission position of a plurality of track pulses for each repetition, and the like are also set as transmission conditions.
- the image generation unit 140 receives the complex RF data obtained by the transmission / reception beamformer 110 according to the control of the sequence control unit 120, and generates a tomographic image.
- the image generation unit 140 plots the luminance value of the RF data obtained from one echo signal (beam) in the depth direction according to the received time. By arranging this for a plurality of beams in the long axis direction of the probe 160, two-dimensional information is accumulated, and a tomographic image is generated from the accumulated information.
- the generated tomographic image is displayed on the display device 180.
- the number of beams in the major axis direction of the probe 160 affects the imaging frame rate.
- several tens to several hundreds of beams are usually used to acquire one B-mode image.
- the probe 160 may be any probe 160 capable of transmitting and receiving the above-described shear wave measurement sequence, and is preferably a linear, convex, or sector-shaped 1D array probe, or three-dimensional imaging. For example, a 1.5-dimensional or 2-dimensional array probe is used.
- the elasticity evaluation unit 150 obtains information on the hardness of the tissue in the measurement region 220.
- the shear wave generated by the transmission of the push pulse is detected, and the velocity (shear wave velocity) is obtained to obtain information indicating the hardness of the tissue.
- the shear wave velocity is calculated from the displacement caused by the propagation of the shear wave.
- the elasticity evaluation unit 150 of this embodiment calculates information (reliability information) indicating the reliability of the obtained shear wave velocity and presents it to the user.
- the elasticity evaluation unit 150 of the present embodiment includes a correlation calculation unit 151, a shear wave detection unit 152, a velocity calculation unit 153, a fluctuation evaluation unit 154, and an addition average.
- the correlation calculation unit 151 performs a correlation calculation in the time direction on the RF data obtained from the received echo signal.
- the RF data is complex RF data
- complex cross-correlation calculation is performed.
- the complex cross-correlation calculation may be performed between temporally adjacent RF data, or may be performed between the reference RF data by determining the reference RF data.
- the shear wave detection unit 152 repeats a plurality of shear wave detection pulses (track pulses) with the shear wave generated at the focus of the push pulse by transmitting burst ultrasonic waves (push pulses) focused on the subject 101. Detection is performed using a received echo signal obtained by transmission.
- the peak of the shear wave is detected from the complex cross-correlation result in the correlation calculation unit 151, and the detection position and the detection time are obtained.
- optimal filter processing is performed on the complex cross-correlation result before peak detection.
- the velocity calculation unit 153 calculates a shear wave velocity that is a propagation velocity of the shear wave.
- the shear wave velocity is calculated from the time, position, and shear wave generation position at which the peak of the shear wave is detected. Specifically, it is calculated from the focus of the push pulse and the transmission position of the track pulse where the peak of the shear wave is observed.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 evaluates the fluctuation of the measurement region 220 including the shear wave propagation region, and obtains the evaluation result as reliability information indicating the reliability of the shear wave velocity.
- the variation of the object to be evaluated is a variation that affects the measurement accuracy and reproducibility of the radiation pressure elastography. In the present embodiment, first, a region in which the variation is detected is specified in the measurement region 220, and the variation of the tissue at a predetermined position (evaluation position) in the region is evaluated.
- the shear wave itself to be measured in the radiation pressure elastography is also obtained by measuring the weak movement of the tissue. Accordingly, it is necessary to distinguish between the movement due to the shear wave of the measurement target and the fluctuation that affects the measurement accuracy and reproducibility, and detect only the latter.
- the former movement is called shear wave fluctuation
- the latter fluctuation is called non-shear wave fluctuation.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 identifies an area that is not affected by the shear wave fluctuation, sets a predetermined position in the area as an evaluation position, and evaluates non-shear wave fluctuation at the evaluation position.
- FIG. 2A is a conceptual diagram of the ultrasonic image (B-mode image) 210
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the measurement region 220 in FIG.
- the tissue is displayed in a layered structure within the ultrasonic field of view.
- a three-layer structure of a layer 211, a layer 212, and a layer 213 is illustrated.
- the shear wave 221 propagates in the lateral direction from a portion (shear wave generation position) 222 where the radiation pressure is generated. That is, in the depth direction (downward in the figure), it propagates only within a certain range (in the figure, region b232; hereinafter referred to as a shear wave propagation region).
- the region a231 or the region c233 in the figure can be said to be a position not affected by the movement of the shear wave.
- These regions are referred to as non-propagating regions 231 and 233.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 of the present embodiment is a predetermined region in a depth region (non-propagation regions 231 and 233) in the measurement region 220 that is different from the depth of the depth region (shear wave propagation region 232) through which the shear wave propagates.
- the reliability information is calculated based on the fluctuation in the position (evaluation position).
- the evaluation position is set as close to the shear wave generation position as possible in the non-propagation regions 231 and 233.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 determines the shear wave propagation region 232 using the detection result of the shear wave detection unit 152 and identifies the non-propagation regions 231 and 233.
- the shear wave propagation region 232 is specified by the position where the shear wave is generated and the amplitude of the shear wave.
- the generation position of the shear wave 221 is a position where the radiation pressure is generated by the push pulse. This position is a depth of focus determined by the transmission aperture width and the focus depth obtained from the number of elements used for the push pulse generation.
- the amplitude of the shear wave 221 is specified by the distance between the peak position of the shear wave detected by the shear wave detection unit 152 and the depth of focus.
- shear wave propagation region 232 may be specified independently without using the detection result of the shear wave detection unit 152.
- the complex cross-correlation calculation result by the correlation calculation unit 151 is used. That is, you may specify using a correlation coefficient.
- the correlation coefficient decreases at a position with movement (variation) regardless of the type of movement such as shear wave fluctuation or non-shear wave fluctuation.
- the shear wave 221 is generated only in the position limited to the depth direction, for example, in the shear wave propagation region 232 in FIG.
- the decrease in the correlation coefficient change 241 caused by the shear wave is local, as schematically shown in FIG.
- non-shear wave fluctuations that is, changes 242 and 243 in the correlation coefficient due to surface displacement and body movement of the probe 160 are constant regardless of the region of FIG.
- the actually obtained complex cross-correlation calculation result is a combination of these correlation coefficient changes 241, 242, and 243.
- a region where the correlation coefficient is locally decreased is detected, and the detected region is set as a shear wave propagation region 232.
- the locally decreasing region is detected by differential calculation.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 calculates a fluctuation index km that indexes the intensity of fluctuation (magnitude of fluctuation) of the position (evaluation position) specified by the above-described method as reliability information.
- the correlation coefficient of the cross-correlation calculation decreases as the movement increases.
- the average value of the normalized cross-correlation coefficients at the evaluation position is set as the variation index km.
- the value of the variation index km decreases as the variation increases.
- the correlation calculation used here may be a correlation calculation common to the detection of the shear wave, or may be a different correlation calculation.
- measurement is performed a plurality of times at a plurality of locations in the measurement region 220 to obtain a plurality of shear wave velocities.
- a variation index km is calculated.
- the variation evaluation unit 154 may further calculate a variation, for example, a standard deviation, of the variation index km obtained in the measurement of a plurality of times with respect to the average value to obtain reliability information. Further, the standard deviation of the shear wave velocity obtained in each measurement may be calculated and used as reliability information.
- FIG. 4A is a B-mode image 310 of the imaging area. 4 (b) to 4 (d) schematically show patterns of changes in the complex correlation coefficient of the track pulse due to non-shear wave fluctuations in the imaging region.
- a superficial tissue 311 such as skin, muscle, and fat is separated in front of the liver 312 on the B-mode image 310 as shown in FIG.
- Other tissues 313 such as the digestive tract are observed.
- An arrow 314 is the depth direction.
- a side slip of the probe 160 occurs when the installation position of the probe 160 is shifted. Further, the displacement in the turning direction does not deviate from the installation position of the probe 160, but occurs due to the deviation of the angle.
- FIG. 4B shows a pattern 340 of change in the correlation coefficient in the case of side slip (displacement of the installation position of the probe 160). As shown in this figure, in the case of skidding, the correlation coefficient decreases simultaneously in the entire imaging area including the outside of the measurement area 320.
- FIG. 4C shows a change 350 of the correlation coefficient when the probe 160 is displaced in the turning direction.
- the correlation coefficient decreases in the entire area of the imaging surface including outside the measurement area 320.
- the timing at which the correlation coefficient decreases is not the same, and the lower the earlier, the deeper the portion, that is, the position farther from the probe 160 surface.
- the correlation coefficient change pattern 360 in this case periodically changes only at the position of the intermediate organ (liver 312) including the measurement region 320, as shown in FIG. It will be a thing.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 detects the change pattern of these correlation coefficients, and determines whether the fluctuation is from the operator or from periodic body movement.
- a reference pattern used as a reference for these changes or information that can specify the reference pattern is stored in advance in a storage device included in the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 100, and the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 detects the change.
- the variation factor may be determined by comparing the pattern and the reference pattern.
- the determination result is presented to the user by the presentation unit 156. Further, at this time, when it is determined that the operator originates as a factor, a message prompting remeasurement may be displayed. Moreover, when the above-mentioned standard deviation of the fluctuation
- the signal used when the fluctuation evaluating unit 154 evaluates fluctuation is preferably a complex cross-correlation calculation result obtained by transmitting the above-described track pulse.
- the signal used when the fluctuation evaluating unit 154 evaluates fluctuation is preferably a complex cross-correlation calculation result obtained by transmitting the above-described track pulse.
- data obtained by B-mode imaging may be used.
- the addition averaging unit 155 calculates an average value of a plurality of shear wave velocities obtained by measuring a plurality of times at a plurality of locations in the measurement region 220.
- the variation index km may be used as a weight. That is, the rate of contribution to the average value calculation is changed according to the reliability (here, the fluctuation index km) of the shear wave velocity obtained in each measurement. Thereby, the reliability of the obtained addition average speed increases.
- the weighted average is calculated by, for example, the following formula (2).
- n is the number of measurements (n is an integer of 2 or more)
- Vs i is the shear wave velocity obtained by the i-th measurement
- km i is the variation index obtained by the i-th measurement
- km mean is n
- An average value of the individual fluctuation indexes km i , Vs mean is an average speed obtained by weighted average.
- the presentation unit 156 presents the shear wave velocity Vs for each measurement calculated by the velocity calculation unit 153, the addition average velocity Vs mean calculated by the addition averaging unit 155, reliability information, and the like to the user.
- display information to be displayed on the display device 180 is generated using these measurement results and calculation results.
- the display information may be a numerical value, a qualitative graph, or a color map display.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a screen created by the presentation unit 156 as display information.
- the display screen 600 displays a scatter diagram 610 of the shear wave velocity Vs for each measurement and the reciprocal (1 / km) of the variation index km, and reference information 620.
- Scatter diagram 610 plots the measurement results on a graph with the shear wave velocity Vs and the reciprocal of the variation index km (1 / km) as axes.
- the addition average velocity V mean calculated by the addition average unit 155, the standard deviation SD of the shear wave velocity calculated by the variation evaluation unit 154, the standard deviation km (SD) of the variation index km, and the like are displayed. Is done. At this time, as a display form of the variation index km, it is desirable to display the standard deviation of km as a ratio with respect to the average value, but it may be displayed using other statistics and absolute values.
- the display screen 600 may be configured to display a reception button 630 that receives a remeasurement instruction.
- FIG. 6A shows an example of a display screen 611 when there is little variation in the imaging area.
- the reciprocal of the variation index km is relatively small, and plot points are seen together in a range where the reciprocal of the variation index km is small.
- FIG. 6B shows an example of a display screen 612 that is expected to be obtained when there is a measurement deviation value due to some movement.
- Two groups of plot points can be seen. The group with the smaller number has a large reciprocal of the variation index km, so that it can be suggested to the user that the shear wave velocity is obtained when the movement is large.
- FIG. 6C shows an example of a display screen 613 that is expected to be obtained when there is periodic body movement.
- the plot points are divided into two groups and displayed according to the magnitude of the movement.
- FIG. 6D shows an example of the display screen 614 obtained when the reciprocal value of the variation index km is large and measurement is inappropriate.
- the presentation unit 156 may be configured to display a message that prompts remeasurement.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 100 includes a CPU, a memory, and a storage device.
- the CPU loads a program stored in advance in the storage device into the memory and executes the program, thereby the sequence control unit 120 and the image generation unit. 140, the functions of the transmission condition setting unit 130 and the elasticity evaluation unit 150 are realized.
- Various data used for processing of each function and various data generated during the processing are stored in the storage device.
- at least one of the functions of the elasticity evaluation unit 150 may be provided in an external information processing apparatus that can transmit and receive data to and from the ultrasound diagnostic apparatus 100.
- all or a part of the functions of the above-described units may be realized by hardware such as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (field-programmable gate array).
- the operator designates a shear wave measurement area on the B-mode image.
- the operator designates this measurement area via the input device 170.
- the transmission condition setting unit 130 receives the designated measurement region (step S1001), and sets transmission conditions for push pulses and track pulses (step S1002).
- the sequence control unit 120 starts radiation pressure elastography measurement.
- a push pulse is transmitted according to the set condition (step S1004).
- track pulse transmission is started immediately after the push pulse transmission (step S1005).
- the sequence control unit 120 converts the echo signal obtained by the transmission of the track pulse into complex RF data, and the correlation calculation unit 151 performs complex cross-correlation calculation on the data (step S1006).
- the complex cross correlation calculation result is input to the shear wave detection unit 152 and the fluctuation evaluation unit 154.
- the shear wave detection unit 152 calculates the peak position and peak detection time of the shear wave from the complex cross correlation calculation result, and detects the shear wave (step S1007). Then, the velocity calculation unit 153 calculates the shear wave velocity from the peak position and the peak detection time (step S1008). Note that the calculated shear wave velocity is stored in the storage device in association with the number of measurements n.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 calculates reliability information from the complex cross-correlation calculation result (step S1009). Note that the calculated reliability information is stored in the storage device in association with the number of measurements n.
- the sequence control unit 120 determines whether or not measurement has been performed N times (step S1010), and if not, increments the counter n by 1 (step S1011), returns to step S1004, and repeats the process.
- step S1012 determines whether N measurements have been completed.
- the addition averaging unit 155 calculates the addition average speed Vs mean (step S1012).
- the averaging may be weighted using a variation index.
- the standard deviation SD may also be calculated.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 may calculate the standard deviation value km (SD) of the reliability information together.
- the presenting unit 156 generates a display screen using the calculation result, displays it on the display device 180 (step S1013), and ends the process.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 100 transmits a burst ultrasonic wave focused on a subject to detect a shear wave generated at the focal position of the burst ultrasonic wave by detecting a plurality of shear waves.
- Shear wave detection unit 152 that detects using echo signal groups obtained by repeatedly transmitting pulses for use, velocity calculation unit 153 that calculates a shear wave velocity that is the propagation velocity of the shear wave, and propagation of the shear wave
- a fluctuation evaluation unit 154 that evaluates fluctuations in a measurement region including a region and obtains an evaluation result as reliability information indicating reliability of the shear wave velocity, and a presentation unit 156 that presents the reliability information to a user.
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 may evaluate the fluctuation using the echo signal group. Further, the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 further specifies the factor of the fluctuation, and the presentation unit 156 further presents the specified factor to the user.
- information on motion is extracted from the track pulse used for radiation pressure elastography, and motion and surface deviation in the tissue to be measured are detected while detecting shear waves.
- the user By providing the user with information regarding the detected movement, it is possible to provide the user with a guideline regarding measurement reliability.
- a more reliable measurement value can be provided by weighting the shear wave velocity measurement value according to the motion information at the time of averaging. Further, it is detected whether there is a camera shake based on the movement pattern, and if it is a camera shake, the user is notified of this.
- the user can grasp the reliability of the measurement by looking at the provided information. Then, measurement can be performed again as appropriate.
- a more reliable measurement technique can be realized. For this reason, according to the present embodiment, in radiation pressure elastography, degradation of measurement accuracy and reproducibility can be reduced, and an ultrasonic image (hardness information) having high diagnostic ability can be provided to the user.
- breast cancer is significantly harder than surrounding tissues, so that it is possible to detect breast cancer with high sensitivity by describing a hard part.
- hepatitis leading to cirrhosis is strongly related to the degree of disease progression, and by measuring liver hardness, accurate diagnosis and treatment progress can be achieved while minimizing the number of biopsies. You can monitor.
- the above-described effects can be obtained without taking advantage of such good radiation pressure elastography as it is and adding new measurement.
- the presentation unit 156 generates the display screen and presents the shear wave velocity and the evaluation result to the user.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a reception unit 157 that receives an instruction from the user via the display screen 600 may be further provided.
- the display screen 600 generated by the presentation unit 156 includes a reception button 630 that receives a remeasurement instruction.
- the user selects a plot point with a small reciprocal of the variation index km via the display screen 612.
- the selection is performed, for example, by surrounding it with a frame 631 as shown in FIG.
- the accepting unit 157 accepts this selection, identifies the corresponding shear wave velocity, and causes the addition averaging unit 155 to recalculate the addition average velocity using only the selected shear wave velocity.
- the calculation result is displayed by the presentation unit 156.
- the user divides the plot point group by, for example, the reciprocal of the arbitrarily set variation index km.
- the division is instructed by designating an inverse 632 of a predetermined fluctuation index km on the scatter diagram of the display screen 613 as shown in FIG.
- the accepting unit 157 accepts designation of the reciprocal of the variation index km used for the division, groups the plot point groups divided by the values, and causes the addition averaging unit 155 to calculate the addition average speed for each group. .
- the calculation result is displayed by the presentation unit 156.
- the user instructs remeasurement via the accept button 630, for example.
- the reception unit 157 instructs the sequence control unit 120 to perform measurement again. At this time, an instruction may be given to pick up the probe 160 again.
- the reception unit 157 When the reception unit 157 receives selection of a predetermined plot point group via the display screen 600 (step S1101), the reception unit 157 excludes shear wave velocity data corresponding to the plot point group (step S1102). Then, the addition average unit 155 is caused to recalculate the addition average based on the remaining shear wave velocity data (step S1103). At this time, the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 may be configured to calculate the standard deviation of the fluctuation index km of the remaining shear wave velocity data. Then, the presentation unit 156 generates a display screen from the calculation result, displays it on the display device 180 (step S1104), and ends the process.
- the accepting unit 157 accepts designation of the reciprocal of the variation index km that divides the plot point group via the display screen 600 (step S1105)
- the accepting unit 157 determines that the plot point is equal to or greater than the reciprocal of the variation index km.
- the data are grouped into smaller ones (step S1105), and the addition averaging unit 155 recalculates the addition average for each group using the shear wave velocity data (step S1106).
- the fluctuation evaluation unit 154 may be configured to calculate the standard deviation of the fluctuation index km of the shear wave velocity data for each group.
- the presentation unit 156 generates a display screen for each group from the calculation result, displays it on the display device 180 (step S1107), and ends the process.
- the accepting unit 157 instructs the sequence control unit 120 to perform remeasurement (Step S1109). If there is no instruction, the process is terminated.
- the receiving unit 157 by including the receiving unit 157 and receiving an instruction from the user based on the reliability information, the reliability evaluation result can be fed back to the measurement, and the measurement accuracy and reproducibility can be further improved.
- SYMBOLS 100 Ultrasound diagnostic apparatus, 110: Transmission / reception beam former, 120: Sequence control part, 130: Transmission condition setting part, 140: Image generation part, 150: Elasticity evaluation part, 151: Correlation calculation part, 152: Shear wave detection part 153: speed calculation unit, 154: fluctuation evaluation unit, 155: addition averaging unit, 156: presentation unit, 157: reception unit, 160: probe, 170: input device, 180: display device, 201: measurement region, 210: B mode image, 211: Tissue layer, 212: Tissue layer, 213: Tissue layer, 220: Measurement region, 221: Shear wave, 222: Shear wave generation position, 231: Non-propagation region, 232: Shear wave propagation region 233: non-propagating region, 234: arrow, 241: change in correlation coefficient, 242: change in correlation coefficient, 243: change in correlation coefficient, 310: B-mode image, 311: table Tissue, 312
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Abstract
Description
送受ビームフォーマ110は、シーケンス制御部120からの指示に従って、送信ビームを探触子160に送信するとともに、探触子160によって受信されたエコー信号を受信する。
シーケンス制御部120は、送信条件設定部130を介して設定された撮像条件に従って、超音波パルスを送信するタイミングおよびエコー信号を受信するタイミング、送信する超音波パルスの特性などをパルスシーケンスとして決定する。そして、決定したパルスシーケンスに従って、送受ビームフォーマ110を制御し、計測を実行する。本実施形態では、放射圧エラストグラフィを実行する。このため、本実施形態のシーケンス制御部120は、プッシュパルスの送信と、複数のトラックパルスの繰り返しの送信と、トラックパルスによるエコー信号の受信と、を行う計測を実行するようパルスシーケンスを生成する。
送信条件設定部130は、ユーザから受け付けたせん断波を発生させる位置(以後、計測領域と呼ぶ)に応じて、当該計測領域にプッシュパルスの送信条件、および、当該領域で発生するせん断波を検出するためのトラックパルスの送信条件を設定する。設定する送信条件は、集束位置、送信角度、バースト長、電圧、周波数、および、送信開口などの音圧パラメータを含む。
画像生成部140は、送受ビームフォーマ110で得た複素のRFデータを、シーケンス制御部120の制御に従って受信し、断層像を生成する。画像生成部140は、1つのエコー信号(ビーム)から得たRFデータの輝度値を、受信した時間に応じて深さ方向にプロットする。これを、探触子160の長軸方向に複数ビーム分並べることで2次元の情報を蓄積し、蓄積された情報から断層像を生成する。生成された断層像は、表示装置180に表示される。
探触子160は、上述のせん断波計測用のシーケンスが送受できる探触子160であれば良く、好適には、リニア、コンベックス、もしくは、セクタ形状の1Dアレイ探触子、または、3次元撮像用の1.5次元、もしくは、2次元アレイ探触子などが用いられる。
弾性評価部150は、計測領域220の組織の硬さの情報を得る。本実施形態では、プッシュパルスの送信により生じたせん断波を検出し、その速度(せん断波速度)を得ることにより、組織の硬さを示す情報を得る。せん断波速度は、せん断波の伝搬によって生じる変位から算出する。さらに、本実施形態の弾性評価部150は、得られたせん断波速度の信頼度を示す情報(信頼性情報)を算出し、ユーザに提示する。
相関演算部151は、受信したエコー信号から得たRFデータに対し、時間方向に相関演算を行う。本実施形態では、RFデータが複素RFデータであるため、複素相互相関演算が実施される。複素相互相関演算は、時間的に隣接するRFデータ間で行ってもよいし、基準とするRFデータを決め、基準とするRFデータとの間で行ってもよい。
せん断波検出部152は、被検体101に集束したバースト超音波(プッシュパルス)を送信することによりプッシュパルスの焦点に生成されたせん断波を、複数のせん断波検出用パルス(トラックパルス)を繰り返し送信することにより得た受信エコー信号を用いて検出する。本実施形態では、相関演算部151における複素相互相関結果から、せん断波のピークを検出し、検出位置と検出時間とを得る。なお、本実施形態では、ピークの検出の前に、複素相互相関結果に対し、最適なフィルタ処理を行う。
速度計算部153は、せん断波の伝搬速度であるせん断波速度を計算する。本実施形態では、せん断波速度は、せん断波のピークが検出された時間、位置、および、せん断波生成位置により計算される。具体的には、プッシュパルスの焦点と、せん断波のピークを観測したトラックパルスの送信位置とから計算される。
変動評価部154は、せん断波の伝搬領域を含む計測領域220の変動を評価し、評価結果をせん断波速度の信頼度を示す信頼性情報として得る。評価する対象の変動は、放射圧エラストグラフィの計測精度や再現性に影響を与える変動である。本実施形態では、まず、計測領域220内で、この変動を検出する領域を特定し、当該領域の所定の位置(評価位置)の組織の変動を評価する。
加算平均部155は、計測領域220内の複数個所で、複数回計測することにより得た、複数のせん断波速度の平均値を算出する。
提示部156は、速度計算部153が計算した、計測毎のせん断波速度Vs、加算平均部155が算出した加算平均速度Vsmean、および、信頼性情報などをユーザに提示する。本実施形態では、これらの計測結果、算出結果を用い、表示装置180に表示する表示情報を生成する。表示情報は、数値であってもよいし、定性的なグラフ、カラーマップ表示であってもよい。
次に、本実施形態の超音波診断装置100による放射圧エラストグラフィ実行時の撮像処理の流れを、図7を用いて説明する。本処理は、ユーザからの指示を契機に開始する。ここでは、N回、プッシュパルスを送信するものとする。
このとき、前記変動評価部154は、前記エコー信号群を用いて前記変動の評価を行ってもよい。
また、前記変動評価部154は、さらに、前記変動の要因を特定し、前記提示部156は、前記特定された要因もさらにユーザに提示する。
Claims (15)
- 被検体に集束したバースト超音波を送信することにより当該バースト超音波の焦点位置に生成されたせん断波を、複数のせん断波検出用パルスを繰り返し送信することにより得たエコー信号群を用いて検出するせん断波検出部と、
前記せん断波の伝搬速度であるせん断波速度を計算する速度計算部と、
前記せん断波の伝搬領域を含む計測領域の変動を評価し、評価結果を、前記せん断波速度の信頼度を示す信頼性情報として得る変動評価部と、
前記信頼性情報をユーザに提示する提示部と、を備えること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項1記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記変動評価部は、前記計測領域内であって、前記せん断波の伝搬領域の深度とは異なる深度領域における前記変動に基づいて、前記信頼性情報を得ること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項1記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記信頼性情報は、前記変動の大きさを示す指標であること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項1記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記変動評価部は、さらに、前記変動の要因を特定し、
前記提示部は、前記特定された要因をさらにユーザに提示すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項1記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記バースト超音波の送信と前記複数のせん断波検出用パルスの繰り返しの送信と当該送信によるエコー信号の受信とからなる計測を、予め定めたパルスシーケンスに従って実行するシーケンス制御部と、
複数の前記せん断波速度の加算平均を計算する加算平均部と、をさらに備え、
前記シーケンス制御部は、前記計測を繰り返し、
前記せん断波検出部は、前記計測毎に前記せん断波を検出し、
前記速度計算部は、前記せん断波を検出する毎に前記せん断波速度を計算し、
前記加算平均部は、前記せん断波を検出する毎に計算される複数の前記せん断波速度の加算平均を計算し、
前記提示部は、前記加算平均結果を前記信頼性情報とともにユーザに提示すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項5記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記加算平均部は、前記加算平均時に前記信頼性情報を用いて重みづけを行うこと
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項5記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記提示部は、前記計測毎の前記信頼性情報および前記せん断波速度を散布図にし、さらに提示すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項7記載の超音波診断装置であって、
ユーザから前記散布図上のプロット結果を介して指示を受け付ける受付部をさらに備え、
前記加算平均部は、前記指示に応じて、前記加算平均を再計算すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項8記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記受付部は、除外する前記せん断波速度の選択を受け付け、
前記加算平均部は、前記選択されたせん断波速度以外のせん断波速度を用いて、前記加算平均を再計算すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項8記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記受付部は、前記せん断波速度を前記信頼性情報に応じて複数のグループに分割する指示を受け付け、
前記加算平均部は、グループごとに前記せん断波速度の加算平均を再計算すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項5記載の超音波診断装置であって、
ユーザから再計測の指示を受け付ける受付部をさらに備え、
前記シーケンス制御部は、前記指示に応じて、前記計測を実行すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項2記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記変動評価部は、前記せん断波が伝搬する深度領域を、当該せん断波の発生位置と前記せん断波の振幅とにより特定すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項2記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記変動評価部は、前記せん断波が伝搬する深度領域を、前記エコー信号群から得たデータに対して時間方向に相関演算を行って得た相関係数を用いて特定すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項4記載の超音波診断装置であって
前記変動評価部は、前記エコー信号群から得たデータに対し、時間方向に相関演算を行って得た相関係数の変化のパターンにより前記要因を特定すること
を特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 被検体に集束したバースト超音波を送信することにより当該バースト超音波の焦点に生成されたせん断波を、複数のせん断波検出用パルスを繰り返し照射することにより得たエコー信号群を用いて検出し、
前記せん断波の伝搬速度であるせん断波速度を計算し、
前記せん断波の伝搬領域を含む計測領域の変動を評価し、評価結果を前記せん断波速度の信頼度を示す信頼性情報として得、
前記信頼性情報をユーザに提示すること
を特徴とする弾性評価方法。
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Also Published As
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JP6169707B2 (ja) | 2017-07-26 |
CN105407809A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
JPWO2015029651A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
US20160183926A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
EP3040033A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
EP3040033A4 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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