WO2015029526A1 - エンジン発電機 - Google Patents
エンジン発電機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015029526A1 WO2015029526A1 PCT/JP2014/064376 JP2014064376W WO2015029526A1 WO 2015029526 A1 WO2015029526 A1 WO 2015029526A1 JP 2014064376 W JP2014064376 W JP 2014064376W WO 2015029526 A1 WO2015029526 A1 WO 2015029526A1
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- voltage
- storage device
- power storage
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- control
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 84
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 35
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/02—Details of the control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/48—Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
- H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an engine generator that generates power using a generator driven by an engine.
- the engine speed fluctuates due to load fluctuations during self-sustained operation.
- a range (variable speed range) is predetermined.
- the engine generator becomes unstable when the engine speed deviates from the allowable speed range. For example, when the load is disconnected for some reason and the load is applied again, the load must be applied in consideration of the allowable engine speed range. For this reason, the engine generator is limited in the amount of load that can be input.
- Patent Document 1 provides a storage means (power storage device) including a capacitor or the like on a DC side path from the generator to the inverter, and stores fluctuations in the load while the generator is always operated at the maximum efficiency point.
- variation by responding with the discharge of a means is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 is a configuration in which the shortage of the power supplied to the load is calculated and the shortage is compensated by the discharge of the power storage means, the shortage of the power supplied to the load is calculated. It will be necessary.
- the present invention is an engine generator provided with a power storage device including a capacitor or the like on the direct current side, and the number of revolutions of the engine during a self-sustaining operation is calculated without calculating an insufficient amount of power supplied to the load. It is an object of the present invention to provide an engine generator that can suppress fluctuations and thereby increase the loadable load amount.
- the output from the generator driven by the engine is rectified by a rectifier, the DC power from the rectifier is converted to AC power by an inverter, and a power storage device is provided in parallel with the generator on the path from the rectifier to the inverter.
- the DC voltage of the path from the rectifier to the inverter is controlled to be constant.
- the engine speed fluctuation during the independent operation can be calculated without calculating the shortage of the power supplied to the load. It can be suppressed to a predetermined allowable rotational speed range. As a result, it has been found that the loadable load amount can be increased.
- the present invention is based on such knowledge, and provides the following first and second aspects of the engine generator.
- Engine generator of the first aspect An engine, a generator driven by the engine, a rectifier that rectifies the output from the generator, and an inverter that converts DC power from the rectifier into AC power,
- An engine generator provided with a power storage device provided with a conduction part for charging and a conduction part for discharging in parallel with the generator on a path from the rectifier to the inverter, the conduction part for charging and the discharging part
- the power storage device is configured to perform charge / discharge control by conduction control to a conduction unit, and when performing the charge / discharge control, a DC voltage in a path from the rectifier to the inverter is detected, and the DC voltage is detected.
- the duty ratio in the switching control for the charging conduction portion of the power storage device is the power storage.
- the duty ratio in the switching control for the discharging conduction part of the power storage device is set to a value larger than the duty ratio in the switching control for the discharging conduction part of the storage device Is set to a value larger than the duty ratio in the switching control for the conducting part for charging of the power storage device.
- the charging of the power storage device when the DC voltage is converged to the target voltage and the voltage of the power storage device is smaller than a set voltage, the charging of the power storage device
- the duty ratio in the switching control for the conduction part is made larger than the normal value, and the distribution on the charging conduction part side of the distribution of the duty ratio in the switching control of the conduction part for charging and the discharging conduction part is changed.
- the mode to do can be illustrated.
- Engine generator of the second aspect An engine, a generator driven by the engine, a rectifier that rectifies the output from the generator, and an inverter that converts DC power from the rectifier into AC power,
- An engine generator provided with a power storage device provided with a conduction part for charging and a conduction part for discharging in parallel with the generator on a path from the rectifier to the inverter, the conduction part for charging and the discharging part
- the power storage device is configured to perform charge / discharge control by conduction control to a conduction unit, and when performing the charge / discharge control, a DC voltage in a path from the rectifier to the inverter is detected, and the DC voltage is detected.
- the switching control for the charging conduction unit of the power storage device When the duty ratio is set to a value larger than the duty ratio in the switching control for the discharging conduction portion of the power storage device, and the DC voltage is smaller than the value obtained by subtracting the dead band from the target voltage, the power storage device
- a duty ratio in switching control for the discharging conduction portion is set to a value larger than a duty ratio in switching control for the charging conduction portion of the power storage device.
- the charging conduction of the power storage device A mode in which switching control is performed on the unit can be exemplified.
- a mode in which the discharging conduction part or the charging conduction part is subjected to switching control so as to recover the power storage device to a predetermined voltage can be exemplified.
- FIG. 1 is a system block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an engine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of a step-down chopper and a step-up chopper that include DC voltage constant control, where (a) is a diagram illustrating an example of a first step-down chopper, and (b) is a diagram of the first step-up chopper. It is a figure which shows an example.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing for performing an example of constant DC voltage control by the control unit.
- FIG. 1 is a system block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an engine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of a step-down chopper and a step-up chopper that include DC voltage constant control, where (a) is a diagram illustrating an example of a first step-down chopper, and (b) is a diagram of the first step-up chopper. It is
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the evaluation result of DC voltage constant control
- (a) is a graph showing the temporal change of DC voltage when no power storage device is added to the engine generator
- (B) is a graph which shows the time change of the engine speed in the case where the power storage device is not added to the engine generator.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an evaluation result of DC voltage constant control
- FIG. 5A is a graph showing a temporal change in DC voltage when an electric power storage device is added to the engine generator.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of a step-down chopper and a step-up chopper including DC voltage control provided with a dead zone, where (a) is a diagram illustrating an example of a second step-down chopper, and (b) is a second block diagram of the second step-down chopper. It is a figure which shows an example of a pressure
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of processing for performing an example of DC voltage control in which a dead zone is provided by the control unit.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the maximum value, the minimum value, the average value, and their approximate curves of the DC voltage with the load power value changed.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of processing for performing an example of DC voltage control in which a dead zone is provided by the control unit.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the maximum value, the minimum value, the average value, and their approximate curves of the DC voltage with the load power value changed
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a delay process for changing the dead zone with respect to the load power with a delay of a time constant equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and (a) is a control block diagram of the delay process.
- b) is a flowchart of the delay process performed prior to the process of step S22 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the evaluation result of DC voltage control provided with a dead zone, where (a) is a graph showing the temporal change in DC voltage under condition 2, and (b) is under condition 2. It is a graph which shows the time change of the engine speed.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the evaluation result of DC voltage control provided with a dead zone, where (a) is a graph showing the temporal change in DC voltage under condition 2, and (b) is under condition 2. It is a graph which shows the time change of the engine speed.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the evaluation results of DC voltage control provided with a dead zone, where (a) is a graph showing temporal changes in DC voltage under condition 3, and (b) is under condition 3. It is a graph which shows the time change of the engine speed.
- FIG. 12 is a control block diagram of the step-down chopper and the step-up chopper including voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage applied at the time of DC voltage control provided with a dead zone.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating an example of the third step-down chopper.
- (B) is a figure which shows an example of a 3rd pressure
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the waveform of the EDLC voltage when the load fluctuates from no load to the full load.
- FIG. 12 is a control block diagram of the step-down chopper and the step-up chopper including voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage applied at the time of DC voltage control provided with a dead zone.
- FIG. 13A is a graph showing the waveform state when voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage is not performed.
- (B) is a graph showing the state of the waveform when voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage is performed.
- FIG. 14 is a control block diagram of a step-down chopper and a step-up chopper including voltage recovery control of an EDLC voltage applied during direct current voltage constant control
- FIG. 14A is a diagram illustrating an example of a fourth step-down chopper.
- b) is a graph showing an example of a fourth boost chopper.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing a waveform of the EDLC voltage when the load is changed from no load to full load in the voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage applied during the constant DC voltage control.
- FIG. 1 is a system block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an engine generator 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the engine generator 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a synchronous generator characteristic in a power supply unit 110 (for example, a distributed power supply) that outputs DC power, thereby preventing disturbances that occur in a system such as an instantaneous power failure or an instantaneous voltage drop.
- a generator a so-called virtual synchronous generator (VSG), which has a function of improving the followability of the inverter 120 that converts DC power from the power supply unit 110 into AC power and enhancing the stability of the system during grid connection. : Virtual Synchronous Generator).
- VSG virtual synchronous generator
- the engine generator 100 is applied to a gas engine cogeneration system here, although not limited thereto.
- the engine generator 100 includes a power storage device 200 and a control unit 130 that controls the entire engine generator 100 in addition to the power supply unit 110 and the inverter 120.
- the power supply unit 110 includes an engine 111, a generator 112 that obtains output power by the rotational driving force of the engine 111, a rectifier 113 that converts output power (AC power) from the generator 112 into DC power, and a capacitor 114. I have.
- the engine 111 rotates the generator 112, and is a gas engine here.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the engine 111 may be an engine other than a gas engine.
- the generator 112 has an automatic voltage regulator (AVR: Automatic Voltage Regulator).
- AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
- the output side of the generator 112 is connected to the input side of the rectifier 113, and is a three-phase AC generator here.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the generator 112 may be a single-phase AC generator.
- the rectifier 113 is composed of a plurality of diodes, and here, a diode bridge is constituted by six diodes.
- the output side of the rectifier 113 is connected to the DC side of the inverter 120.
- the capacitor 114 is connected in parallel to the rectifier 113 and the inverter 120 between the rectifier 113 and the inverter 120.
- Inverter 120 is formed of a switching element of the reverse-blocking type, AC side is adapted to be connected to a load Lo through the inductor X L.
- the control unit 130 includes a processing unit 131 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a writable non-volatile memory such as a flash memory, and a volatile memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory). And a storage unit 132 including a volatile memory.
- a processing unit 131 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory)
- a writable non-volatile memory such as a flash memory
- a volatile memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory).
- a storage unit 132 including a volatile memory.
- the engine generator 100 controls various components by causing the processing unit 131 of the control unit 130 to load a control program stored in advance in the ROM of the storage unit 132 onto the RAM of the storage unit 132 and execute it. It has become.
- the nonvolatile memory in the storage unit 132 stores various system information such as operation parameters and setting data of the engine generator 100.
- VSG control (About VSG control) Next, VSG control will be described.
- the current-controlled inverter 120 has the following inconvenience because the output voltage and frequency depend on the system during grid connection. That is, unlike the synchronous generator, the current-controlled power supply unit 110 has no inertia and cannot absorb system disturbances, and it is difficult to switch between grid interconnection and independent operation. There is. VSG control can eliminate these disadvantages.
- the control unit 130 is configured to perform VSG control in which the engine generator 100 acts as a virtual synchronous generator (VSG).
- VSG virtual synchronous generator
- the power supply unit 110 In the power storage device 200, electric power corresponding to the kinetic energy stored by the inertia of the synchronous generator is stored. As a result, the power supply unit 110 can be virtually given inertia.
- the inverter 120 In the VSG control shown in FIG. 1, the inverter 120 is controlled to simulate the same characteristics as the synchronous generator.
- the power supply unit 110 can have the same characteristics as the synchronous generator.
- the power supply unit 110 can autonomously synchronize with other generators by the synchronization force. It is possible to improve the stability of the system.
- since it is possible to operate with the same control during grid interconnection and independent operation it is possible to perform uninterrupted switching from grid interconnection to independent operation.
- the engine generator 100 (see FIG. 1) is configured to increase the loadable load amount by suppressing fluctuations in the rotational speed of the engine 111 during self-sustained operation in the configuration of the virtual synchronous generator described above. .
- a device including an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC: Electric Double Layer Capacitor) 210 can be used. Since the EDLC 210 stores electrical energy as it is, rapid charge / discharge is possible. In the present embodiment, the purpose is to suppress the change in the rotational speed of the engine 111 when the load fluctuates and to increase the load input amount.
- the EDLC 210 outputs the load power P and the output of the generator 112 when the load fluctuates. Compensates for the difference from power. Since the power storage device capable of exchanging energy in a short time is preferable because the difference between the load power P and the output power of the generator 112 when the load fluctuates is compensated, in this embodiment, the EDLC 210 is used as the power storage device 200. The thing including is adopted.
- the power storage device 200 includes an EDLC 210 and a chopper circuit 220.
- the EDLC 210 has a capacitor 211 and a resistor 212 connected in series.
- the chopper circuit 220 is a two-quadrant chopper circuit (a circuit combining the step-down chopper 230 and the step-up chopper 240).
- the chopper circuit 220 which is a two-quadrant chopper circuit, can perform a step-down chopper operation from the DC link side as viewed from the EDLC 210 side, and can perform a step-up chopper operation from the EDLC 210 side as viewed from the DC link side.
- the chopper circuit 220 in addition to the step-down chopper 230 and the step-up chopper 240, a first semiconductor switch S 1, the first diode D 1, a second semiconductor switch S 2, a second diode D 2, inductor L.
- the first semiconductor switch S 1 functions as a charging conduction unit that supplies power for charging the EDLC 210, and is a semiconductor device whose energization time is controlled by an on / off control signal.
- the second semiconductor switch S 2 is intended to act as a discharge conductive portion to energize for discharging of EDLC210, there is a semiconductor device energizing time is controlled by the control signal on-off.
- the first semiconductor switch S 1 is the inflow side of the current (in this example the collector side) is connected to the cathode side path LN1 which connects between the rectifier 113 and the inverter 120, the emitter is at the outflow side (the example of the current Side) is connected to one end side of the inductor L.
- the second semiconductor switch S 2 has a current inflow side (collector side in this example) connected to one end side of the inductor L, and a current outflow side (emitter side in this example) between the rectifier 113 and the inverter 120. It connects to the negative electrode side path
- the positive electrode side is connected to the other end side of the inductor L, and the negative electrode side is connected to the negative electrode side path LN2.
- Control unit 130 performs charge and discharge control for the power storage device 200 by the conduction control to the first semiconductor switch S 1 and the second semiconductor switch S 2. Then, the controller 130 is configured to perform DC voltage constant control (first embodiment) or perform DC voltage control (second embodiment) with a dead zone in charge / discharge control. .
- the control unit 130 always maintains the DC voltage V DC (voltage between terminals of the capacitor 114) between the paths LN1 and LN2 from the rectifier 113 to the inverter 120 by the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of the generator 112 and the power storage device 200. Control to keep on.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the step-down chopper 230 and the step-up chopper 240 including DC voltage constant control.
- FIG. 2A illustrates an example of the first step-down chopper 231
- FIG. 2B illustrates an example of the first step-up chopper 241.
- 2A shows a state where the step-down chopper operation is being performed
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the step-up chopper operation is being performed.
- the step-down chopper 230 includes a first step-down chopper 231, and the step-up chopper 240 includes a first step-up chopper 241.
- the first step-down chopper 231 and the first step-up chopper 241 are for performing DC voltage constant control.
- the first step-down chopper 23 as shown in FIG. 2 (a), a subtracter 231a which subtracts the DC voltage V DC from the DC voltage command value V DC * (target voltage of the DC voltage V DC), the subtracter 231a of the A controller 231b that controls the output value, a divider 231c that divides the output value of the controller 231b by the DC voltage VDC , a subtractor 231d that subtracts the output value of the divider 231c from a value of 1, and a value of 0 Is provided, or a switch 231e that switches whether the output value of the subtracter 231d is input, and a comparator 231f that receives the output value of the switch 231e and a triangular wave.
- the first boost chopper 241 includes a subtractor 241a that subtracts the DC voltage V DC from the DC voltage command value V DC *, and a controller 241b that controls the output value of the subtractor 241a.
- a divider 241c that divides the output value of the controller 241b by the DC voltage VDC
- a switch 241d that switches whether a value of 0 or an output value of the divider 241c is input
- a switch 241d And a comparator 241e to which a triangular wave is input.
- d * in FIG. 2 is a duty ratio (conduction rate) command value.
- the frequency fa of the triangular wave input to the comparators 231f and 241e can be set as appropriate.
- the output signals (control signals) of the comparators 231f and 241e are the control signal input side (base side in this example) and the second semiconductor switch S 2 (see FIG. 1) of the first semiconductor switch S 1 (see FIG. 1). Are respectively input to the control signal input side (base side in this example).
- the control unit 130 detects the DC voltage V DC , and when the detected DC voltage V DC becomes larger than the DC voltage command value V DC * , the step-down chopper operation is performed to decrease the DC voltage V DC (see FIG. 2A). ) To cause the EDLC 210 to absorb power. On the other hand, when the direct-current voltage V DC becomes smaller than the direct-current voltage command value V DC * , the control unit 130 performs a step-up chopper operation (see FIG. 2B) to increase the direct-current voltage V DC and supplies power from the EDLC 210. Release.
- the control unit 130 can detect the DC voltage VDC using a DC voltage detection unit (not shown).
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing in which the control unit 130 performs an example of constant DC voltage control.
- control unit 130 detects the DC voltage VDC between the paths LN1 and LN2 from the rectifier 113 to the inverter 120 (step S11).
- the control unit 130 determines whether or not the direct-current voltage V DC is larger than the direct-current voltage command value V DC * (step S12). If the direct-current voltage V DC is larger (step S12: Yes), the first step-down chopper 231 is determined.
- the switch 231e is switched so as to input the output value of the subtractor 231d to the comparator 231f (see FIG. 2A) to perform the step-down chopper operation (step S13), and the process proceeds to step S15.
- this step-down chopper operation is made larger than the duty ratio (duty ratio) d of the switching control duty ratio of the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 (the conduction ratio) d relative to the second semiconductor switch S 2.
- the control unit 130, the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 (the step-up chopper operation) is stopped, and the second semiconductor switch S 2 and the second diode D 2 in the OFF state.
- step S12 determines the first step-down chopper 231 (see FIG. 2A). by switching the switch 231e to enter a value of 0 for the comparator 231f stops switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 in the power storage device 200 at, i.e., it stops the step-down chopper operation (step S14 ), The process proceeds to step S15.
- the control unit 130 determines whether or not the direct-current voltage V DC is smaller than the direct-current voltage command value V DC * (step S15). If the direct-current voltage V DC is smaller (step S15: Yes), the first boost chopper 241 As shown in FIG. 2B, the switch 241d is switched so that the output value of the divider 241c is input to the comparator 241e to perform the boost chopper operation (step S16), and the process proceeds to step S18. In other words, in this step-up chopper operation is made larger than the duty ratio (duty ratio) d in the duty ratio (duty ratio) d of the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 in the switching control on the second semiconductor switch S 2. In this example, the control unit 130, the first semiconductor switching control for the switch S 1 (the step-down chopper operation) is stopped, and the first semiconductor switch S 1 and the first diode D 1 to the OFF state.
- step S15 when the direct-current voltage V DC is greater than (or greater than) the direct-current voltage command value V DC * (step S15: No), the control unit 130 determines the first boost chopper 241 (see FIG. 2B). by switching the switch 241d to enter a value of 0 for the comparator 241e stops switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 in the power storage device 200 at, i.e., stops the step-up chopper operation (step S17 ), The process proceeds to step S18.
- control unit 130 repeats the processes of steps S11 to S18 until an instruction to end the operation is received (step S18: No), and ends the operation when there is an instruction to end the operation (step S18: Yes).
- the DC voltage V DC can be maintained at a constant DC voltage command value V DC * .
- 4 and 5 are graphs showing the evaluation results of DC voltage constant control.
- 4A shows a temporal change in the direct-current voltage VDC when the power generator 200 is not added to the engine generator 100
- FIG. 4B shows the power supply to the engine generator 100. The time change of the engine speed in the case where the storage device 200 is not added is shown.
- FIG. 5A shows a temporal change in the direct-current voltage VDC when the power storage device 200 is added to the engine generator 100.
- FIG. 5B shows the power storage device in the engine generator 100. The time change of the engine speed when 200 is added is shown.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of step-down chopper 230 and step-up chopper 240 including DC voltage control provided with a dead zone.
- FIG. 6A shows an example of the second step-down chopper 232
- FIG. 6B shows an example of the second step-up chopper 242.
- 6A shows a state where the step-down chopper operation is being performed
- FIG. 6B shows a state where the step-up chopper operation is being performed.
- the step-down chopper 230 includes a second step-down chopper 232, and the step-up chopper 240 includes a second step-up chopper 242.
- the second step-down chopper 232 and the second step-up chopper 242 are for performing DC voltage control provided with a dead zone.
- the second step-down chopper 232 receives a divider 232 a that divides the EDLC voltage V EDLC that is the voltage of the EDLC 210 by the DC voltage command value V DC * , and whether a value of 0 is input.
- a switch 232b that switches whether the output value of the divider 232a is input, and a comparator 232c that receives the output value of the switch 232b and a triangular wave are provided.
- the second boost chopper 242 includes a subtractor 242a that subtracts the EDLC voltage V EDLC from the DC voltage command value V DC *, and an output value of the subtractor 242a as the DC voltage command value V DC.
- a divider 242b that divides by *
- a switch 242c that switches whether a value of 0 or an output value of the divider 242b is input
- a comparator that receives an output value of the switch 242c and a triangular wave 242d.
- d * is a duty ratio (conduction ratio) command value
- ⁇ V DC is a dead band width.
- the triangular wave frequency fb input to the comparators 232c and 242d can be set as appropriate.
- the dead band width ⁇ V DC is stored (set) in advance in the storage unit (nonvolatile memory) 132 in the control unit 130.
- the output signals (control signals) of the comparators 232c and 242d are the control signal input side (base side in this example) and the second semiconductor switch S 2 (see FIG. 1) of the first semiconductor switch S 1 (see FIG. 1). Are respectively input to the control signal input side (base side in this example).
- the control unit 130 detects the DC voltage V DC, and the detected DC voltage V DC is an addition value obtained by adding the dead band width ⁇ V DC (for the dead band) to the DC voltage command value V DC * (target voltage of the DC voltage V DC ).
- V DC * + ⁇ V DC target voltage of the DC voltage V DC
- a step-down chopper operation is performed to lower the direct-current voltage V DC
- the EDLC 210 absorbs power.
- the control unit 130 reduces the DC voltage V DC .
- a step-up chopper operation is performed to discharge power from the EDLC 210.
- the control unit 130 can detect the DC voltage VDC using a DC voltage detection unit (not shown).
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing for performing an example of DC voltage control in which a dead zone is provided by the control unit 130.
- control unit 130 detects the DC voltage VDC between the paths LN1 and LN2 from the rectifier 113 to the inverter 120 (step S21).
- the control unit 130 determines whether or not the DC voltage V DC is larger than an addition value (V DC * + ⁇ V DC ) obtained by adding the dead band width ⁇ V DC (dead band) to the DC voltage command value V DC *. (Step S22), if larger (Step S22: Yes), the switch 232b is configured to input the output value of the divider 232a to the comparator 232c by the second step-down chopper 232 (see FIG. 6A). Is switched to perform a step-down chopper operation (step S23), and the process proceeds to step S25.
- V DC * + ⁇ V DC an addition value obtained by adding the dead band width ⁇ V DC (dead band) to the DC voltage command value V DC *.
- this step-down chopper operation is made larger than the duty ratio (duty ratio) d of the switching control duty ratio of the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 (the conduction ratio) d relative to the second semiconductor switch S 2.
- the control unit 130, the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 (the step-up chopper operation) is stopped, and the second semiconductor switch S 2 and the second diode D 2 in the OFF state.
- step S22 when the DC voltage V DC is smaller than (or less than) the added value (V DC * + ⁇ V DC ) (step S22: No), the control unit 130 determines the second step-down chopper 232 (FIG. 6A). switches the switch 232b to enter a value of 0 for comparator 232c stops switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 in the power storage apparatus 200 in the reference), i.e., it stops the step-down chopper operation ( The process proceeds to step S24) and step S25. At this time, the step-up chopper operation is also stopped.
- d is a duty ratio (conduction rate).
- the control unit 130 determines whether or not the DC voltage V DC is smaller than a subtracted value (V DC * ⁇ V DC ) obtained by subtracting the dead band width ⁇ V DC (dead band) from the DC voltage command value V DC *. (Step S25), if it is smaller (Step S25: Yes), the second boost chopper 242 (see FIG. 6 (b)) inputs the output value of the divider 242b to the comparator 242d. The step-up chopper operation is performed by switching 242c (step S26), and the process proceeds to step S28.
- V DC * ⁇ V DC a subtracted value obtained by subtracting the dead band width ⁇ V DC (dead band) from the DC voltage command value V DC *.
- this step-up chopper operation is made larger than the duty ratio (duty ratio) d in the duty ratio (duty ratio) d of the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 in the switching control on the second semiconductor switch S 2.
- the control unit 130, the first semiconductor switching control for the switch S 1 (the step-down chopper operation) is stopped, and the first semiconductor switch S 1 and the first diode D 1 to the OFF state.
- step S25 when the DC voltage V DC is greater than (or more than) the subtraction value (V DC * ⁇ V DC ) (step S25: No), the control unit 130 determines that the second boost chopper 242 (FIG. 6B) ) reference) switches the switch 242c to enter a value of 0 for comparator 242d stops switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 in the power storage device 200 at, i.e., stops the step-up chopper operation (Step S27), the process proceeds to Step S28. At this time, the step-down chopper operation is also stopped.
- the duty ratio (conduction ratio) command value d * when operating as the step-down chopper and the step-up chopper is expressed by the following expressions (3) and (4), respectively.
- control unit 130 repeats the processing of steps S21 to S28 until an instruction to end the operation is received (step S28: No), and ends the operation when there is an instruction to end the operation (step S28: Yes).
- the control unit 130 changes the load in order to reduce the loss in the power storage device 200 and moves out of the dead zone. Only operate the power storage device 200.
- a dead zone (dead zone width ⁇ V DC ) with respect to the DC voltage V DC is set in advance, and the control unit 130 changes the DC voltage V DC due to load fluctuations.
- the direct-current voltage VDC deviates from the dead band, the power storage device 200 is operated, and power is discharged from the power storage device 200, or the power storage device 200 is controlled to absorb power.
- the duty ratios (conduction ratios) of the second step-down chopper 232 (see FIG. 6A) and the second step-up chopper 242 (see FIG. 6B) according to the above-described equations (3) and (4).
- the command value d * is obtained, whether or not the second step-down chopper 232 and the second step-up chopper 242 operate is determined by the dead zone (dead zone width ⁇ V DC ).
- control unit 130 in the engine generator 100 is configured to set a constant dead band regardless of the magnitude (value) of the load power P or to change the dead band according to the load power P. Yes.
- the control unit 130 does not perform the constant DC voltage control of the first embodiment. Therefore, when the load changes, the direct current voltage VDC also changes within the dead zone. The DC voltage V DC is maximized when there is no load, and the DC voltage V DC is minimized when the load is full.
- the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the dead zone are stored (set) in advance in the storage unit (nonvolatile memory) 132 in the control unit 130 from the waveform of the DC voltage VDC at full load and no load.
- the DC voltage command value V DC * is an average value of the upper limit value and the lower limit value.
- the constant dead band width ⁇ V DC is set in the storage unit 132 of the control unit 130 regardless of the magnitude of the load power P, so that the control unit 130 has the DC voltage V DC within the constant dead band.
- the power storage device 200 is not operated, and the power storage device 200 is operated when the direct-current voltage V DC is out of a certain dead band.
- the control unit 130 reduces the DC voltage V DC from the dead zone (particularly, from the dead zone during a transition) depending on the size of the dead zone width ⁇ V DC. Will not work. Thus, if the power storage device 200 does not operate, the energy to be compensated becomes small, and thus it is not possible to expect the suppression of the rotational speed change.
- the control unit 130 is configured to detect the load power P and change the dead zone and the DC voltage command value V DC * in accordance with the detected load power P. By doing so, the control unit 130 can change the direct-current voltage V DC (particularly the direct-current voltage V DC at the time of transition) in accordance with the load power P, and the rotation of the engine 111 compared to when the dead zone is constant. The effect of suppressing the number change can be enhanced.
- the load power P can be detected by the control unit 130 using a load power detection unit (not shown).
- the control unit 130 includes a dead band width calculation unit 133 (see FIG. 9A described later) that calculates the upper limit value and lower limit value of the dead band and the DC voltage command value V DC * from the value of the load power P. From the value of the load power P, the dead band width calculation unit 133 determines the upper limit value, lower limit value, and DC voltage command value V DC * of the dead band.
- FIG. 8 shows the maximum value, the minimum value, the average value, and their approximate curves of the direct-current voltage VDC obtained by changing the value of the load power P.
- the maximum approximate curve equation, the minimum approximate curve equation, and the average approximate curve equation are stored (set) in advance in the storage unit (nonvolatile memory) 132 of the control unit 130.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a delay process for changing the dead zone with respect to the load power P with a delay of a time constant ⁇ greater than or equal to a predetermined value.
- FIG. 9A is a control block diagram of the delay process
- FIG. 9B is a flowchart of the delay process performed prior to step S22 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the dead band width calculation unit 133 determines the upper limit of the dead band from the value of the load power P according to the approximate curve equation of the maximum value of the DC voltage VDC with respect to the load power P, the approximate curve equation of the minimum value, and the approximate curve equation of the average value.
- the value, the lower limit value, and the DC voltage command value V DC * are calculated (see FIG. 8).
- a conversion table for converting the upper limit value, lower limit value and DC voltage command value V DC * of the dead zone from the value of the load power P may be used.
- control part 130 is provided with the delay element 134 (refer Fig.9 (a)) which changes a dead zone with respect to the load electric power P with the delay of the time constant more than predetermined value.
- the delay element 134 is provided on the output side of the dead band width calculation unit 133.
- the delay processes S20a to S20c shown in FIG. 9B are performed prior to the process of step S22 in the flowchart shown in FIG. Note that the delay processes S20a to S20c may be performed after the process of step S21 as long as they are prior to the process of step S22.
- the load power P is detected (step S20a), and the deadband width calculation unit 133 determines the upper and lower limits of the deadband and the DC voltage command value V DC * .
- the dead zone is changed with a delay of the time constant ⁇ with respect to the load power P by the delay element 134 (step S20c).
- the response speed of the dead zone with respect to the load fluctuation can be changed by changing the delay time constant ⁇ .
- the DC voltage V DC was controlled under the following three conditions 1 to 3 by changing from no load to full load.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are graphs showing evaluation results of DC voltage control provided with a dead zone.
- FIG. 10A and FIG. 11A show temporal changes in the direct-current voltage VDC under the conditions 2 and 3, respectively.
- FIG. 10B and FIG. The time change of the engine speed in condition 2 and condition 3 is shown.
- Fig.10 (a) and FIG.11 (a) the upper limit of a dead zone, a lower limit, and DC voltage command value VDC * are also shown.
- the chopper circuit 220 is operating when it is out of the dead zone. Moreover, as shown to Fig.11 (a), it can confirm that a dead zone is changing with load fluctuation
- the effect of suppressing the change in the rotational speed of the engine 111 is smaller than that of the constant DC voltage control of the first embodiment, but the dead band is changed with respect to the change in the load power P.
- the effect of suppressing changes in the rotational speed of the engine 111 can be improved, and the amount of load that can be charged can be increased accordingly.
- control unit 130 controls switching of the first semiconductor switch S 1 and the second semiconductor switch S 2 to recover power storage device 200 to a predetermined voltage.
- V EDLC voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage V EDLC will be described separately for the case of performing DC voltage control with a dead zone of the second embodiment and the case of performing constant DC voltage control of the first embodiment.
- the control unit 130 operates the power storage device 200 when the DC voltage VDC is in the dead band and the EDLC voltage V EDLC has not recovered to the initial state.
- the power storage device 200 is controlled not to operate.
- FIG. 12 is a control block diagram of step-down chopper 230 and step-up chopper 240 including voltage recovery control of EDLC voltage V EDLC applied during DC voltage control provided with a dead band.
- 12A shows an example of the third step-down chopper 233
- FIG. 12B shows an example of the third step-up chopper 243.
- 12A shows a state in which the voltage recovery operation of the EDLC voltage V EDLC on the upper limit side of the dead zone is performed
- FIG. 12B shows the EDLC voltage V EDLC on the lower limit side of the dead zone. The state where the voltage recovery operation is performed is shown.
- the step-down chopper 230 includes a third step-down chopper 233 instead of the second step-down chopper 232 shown in FIG. 6A, and the step-up chopper 240 is replaced with the second step-up chopper 242 shown in FIG.
- a third boost chopper 243 is provided.
- the third step-down chopper 233 and the third step-up chopper 243 are for performing voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage V EDLC in DC voltage control provided with a dead zone.
- the third step-down chopper 233 includes a divider 233 a that divides the EDLC voltage V EDLC by the DC voltage command value V DC * , and a value of 0 or the divider 233 a
- a switch 233b that switches whether an output value is input
- a switch 233c that switches whether a value of 0 or an output value of the switch 233b is input
- an EDLC voltage V EDLC that is a DC voltage command value
- a divider 233d that divides by V DC *
- a switch 233e that switches whether an output value of the switch 233c or an output value of the divider 233d is input, an output value of the switch 233e, and a triangular wave
- an input comparator 233f an input comparator 233f.
- the third boost chopper 243 divides the subtractor 243a for subtracting the EDLC voltage V EDLC from the DC voltage command value V DC * , and divides the output value of the subtractor 243a by the EDLC voltage V EDLC .
- d * in FIG. 12 is a duty ratio (conductivity) command value
- ⁇ V DC is a dead band width
- ⁇ V DC1 (V DC * ⁇ V DC1 ⁇ V DC ) is an upper limit side dead band width
- ⁇ V DC2 (V DC * ⁇ V DC2 ⁇ V DC ) is a lower limit side dead zone width.
- the frequency fc of the triangular wave input to the comparators 233f and 243h can be set as appropriate.
- the set voltage V EDLC * , the upper limit side dead band width ⁇ V DC1 and the lower limit side dead band width ⁇ V DC2 are stored (set) in advance in the storage unit (nonvolatile memory) 132 in the control unit 130.
- the output signals (control signals) of the comparators 233f and 243h are the control signal input side (base side in this example) and the second semiconductor switch S 2 (see FIG. 1) of the first semiconductor switch S 1 (see FIG. 1). Are respectively input to the control signal input side (base side in this example).
- the control unit 130 detects the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the power storage device 200, and when the detected EDLC voltage V EDLC is smaller than the set voltage V EDLC * , the DC voltage V DC is a dead band in order to charge the EDLC 210. Controls to operate the step-down chopper when in. On the other hand, the control unit 130 detects the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the electric power storage apparatus 200, when the detected EDLC voltage V EDLC is set voltage V EDLC * becomes larger, in order to discharge the EDLC210, DC voltage V DC Is controlled so as to perform a boost chopper operation when is in the dead zone. The control unit 130 can detect the EDLC voltage V EDLC using an EDLC voltage detection unit (not shown).
- the control unit 130 determines that the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the power storage device 200 is smaller than the set voltage V EDLC * (the EDLC voltage V EDLC in the initial state) when the DC voltage VDC is within the dead band range. and switching control with respect to the first semiconductor switch S 1 of power storage device 200, when EDLC voltage V EDLC is restored to the set voltage V EDLC *, and is configured to stop the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 .
- the control unit 130 detects the second semiconductor switch S of the power storage device 200 when the DC voltage VDC is within the dead band and the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the power storage device 200 is larger than the set voltage V EDLC *.
- the control unit 130 performs control so that the chopper operation when the direct-current voltage V DC is in the dead zone is performed after a predetermined time elapses after the EDLC voltage V EDLC changes. This is because the EDLC voltage V EDLC is recovered after the DC voltage V DC converges to a steady state.
- step-down chopper 230 and the step-up chopper 240 shown in FIG. 12 can be basically the same processing except for the processing in steps S24 and S27 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- step S22 the control unit 130 determines that the third step-down chopper 233 (FIG. 12) when the direct-current voltage V DC is larger than the added value (V DC * + ⁇ V DC ) (step S22: Yes).
- step S23 the switch 233e is switched so that the output value of the divider 233d is input to the comparator 233f to perform the step-down chopper operation (step S23), and the process proceeds to step S25.
- step S22 when the direct-current voltage V DC is smaller than (or less than) the added value (V DC * + ⁇ V DC ) (step S22: No) in step S22 shown in FIG.
- the chopper 233 switches the switch 233e so that the output value of the switch 233c is input to the comparator 233f to perform the voltage recovery operation of the EDLC voltage V EDLC (step S24).
- the process proceeds to S25. At this time, the step-up chopper operation is stopped.
- the switch 233b is switched so that the output value of the divider 233a is input after a lapse of a predetermined time from the time when the switch 233c is switched so that the EDLC voltage V EDLC is smaller than the set voltage V EDLC *.
- the control unit 130 switches the switch 233b to input a value of 0 when the EDLC voltage V EDLC is greater than (or more than) the set voltage V EDLC * .
- the control unit 130 switches the switch 233c to input a value of 0 when the DC voltage V DC is smaller than (or less than) the upper limit side added value (V DC * + ⁇ V DC1 ).
- step S25 when the direct-current voltage V DC is smaller than the subtraction value (V DC * ⁇ V DC ) in step S25 shown in FIG. 7 (step S25: Yes), the control unit 130 determines the third boost chopper 243 (FIG. 12 (b)), the switch 243g is switched so as to input the output value of the divider 243f to the comparator 243h, and the step-up chopper operation is performed (step S26), and the process proceeds to step S28.
- step S25 when the direct-current voltage V DC is greater than (or greater than) the subtraction value (V DC * ⁇ V DC ) in step S25 shown in FIG. 7 (step S25: No), the control unit 130
- the booster chopper 243 switches the switch 243g so as to input the output value of the switch 243d to the comparator 243h to perform the voltage recovery operation of the EDLC voltage V EDLC (step S27).
- Control goes to step S28. At this time, the step-down chopper operation is stopped.
- the switch 243d is switched so as to input a value, and when the EDLC voltage V EDLC is larger than the set voltage V EDLC * , the switch 243c is input so that the output value of the divider 243b is input after a lapse of a predetermined time from that point. Switch.
- control unit 130 switches the switch 243c to input a value of 0 when the EDLC voltage V EDLC is smaller than (or below) the set voltage V EDLC * .
- control unit 130 switches the switch 243d to input a value of 0 when the DC voltage V DC is greater than (or more than) the lower limit side subtraction value (V DC * ⁇ V DC2 ).
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the waveform of the EDLC voltage V EDLC when the load changes from no load to full load.
- FIG. 13A shows a waveform state when voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage V EDLC is not performed
- FIG. 13B shows a case where voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage V EDLC is performed. The waveform state is shown.
- FIG. 13 shows an example in which the EDLC 210 is charged in advance and the load varies from no load to full load.
- the EDLC voltage V EDLC is a charge voltage (state in which the EDLC 210 is charged in advance) ( It can be confirmed that the set voltage V EDLC * ) is recovered. Thereby, it becomes possible to cope with the next load fluctuation.
- the control unit 130 performs voltage recovery control different from the voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage V EDLC illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a control block diagram of step-down chopper 230 and step-up chopper 240 including voltage recovery control of EDLC voltage V EDLC applied during direct current voltage constant control.
- FIG. 14A shows an example of the fourth step-down chopper 234, and
- FIG. 14B shows an example of the fourth step-up chopper 244.
- FIG. 14A shows a state in which the voltage recovery operation of the EDLC voltage V EDLC is performed while performing the step-down chopper control
- FIG. 14B illustrates the EDLC voltage V EDLC while performing the step-up chopper control. The state where the voltage recovery operation is performed is shown.
- the step-down chopper 230 includes a fourth step-down chopper 234 instead of the first step-down chopper 231 shown in FIG. 2A, and the step-up chopper 240 is replaced with the first step-up chopper 241 shown in FIG. A fourth boost chopper 244 is provided.
- the fourth step-down chopper 234 and the fourth step-up chopper 244 are for performing voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage V EDLC while performing constant DC voltage control.
- the fourth step-down chopper 234 includes a subtractor 234 a that subtracts the EDLC voltage V EDLC from the set voltage V EDLC * , a controller 234 b, and the first semiconductor switch S of the power storage device 200.
- Normal value of duty ratio (conductivity) command value d * in switching control for 1 (duty ratio command value when DC voltage VDC is controlled to DC voltage command value V DC * ) (in FIG.
- An adder 234c for adding the output value of the controller 234b to the constant a), a switch 234d for switching whether a value of 0 or an output value of the adder 234c is input, and a switch A comparator 234e to which an output value of 234d and a triangular wave are input.
- the fourth boost chopper 244 includes a subtractor 244a that subtracts the EDLC voltage V EDLC from the set voltage V EDLC * , a controller 244b, and the second semiconductor switch S of the power storage device 200.
- the normal value of the duty ratio (conductivity) command value d * in the switching control with respect to 2 (the duty ratio command value when the DC voltage VDC is controlled to be the DC voltage command value V DC * ) (in FIG.
- An adder 244c for adding the output value of the controller 244b to the constant b), a subtractor 244d for subtracting the output value of the adder 244c from the value of 1, and a value of 0 being inputted or subtracter
- a switch 244e that switches whether the output value of 244d is input, and a comparator 244f that receives the output value of the switch 244e and a triangular wave are provided.
- d * in FIG. 14 is a duty ratio (conduction rate) command value.
- the triangular wave frequency fd input to the comparators 234e and 244f can be set as appropriate.
- the output signals (control signals) of the comparators 234e and 244f are the control signal input side (base side in this example) and the second semiconductor switch S 2 (see FIG. 1) of the first semiconductor switch S 1 (see FIG. 1). Are respectively input to the control signal input side (base side in this example).
- Control unit 130 detects the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the electric power storage device 200, in a state where the DC voltage V DC is converged to a DC voltage command value V DC * (target voltage of the DC voltage V DC), the detected EDLC
- V DC * target voltage of the DC voltage V DC
- the duty ratio (conduction ratio) d in the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 of the power storage device 200 is a normal value. and greater than (see constant a of FIG.
- the first semiconductor switch S 1 and allocation of the duty ratio in the switching control of the second semiconductor switch S 2 [a: b] among the first semiconductor change the allocation of switch S 1 side [a], when the EDLC voltage V EDLC is restored to the set voltage V EDLC *, the first semiconductor switch It returned to the normal value, the duty ratio d in the switching control for the S 1.
- the control unit 130 detects the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the electric power storage device 200, in a state where the DC voltage V DC is converged to a DC voltage command value V DC *, EDLC voltage V EDLC is set voltage V EDLC * normal value the duty ratio (duty ratio) d of the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 of the electric power storage device 200 when larger be larger than (see the constant b in FIG.
- EDLC voltage V EDLC is set voltage When restored to V EDLC *, returning the duty ratio d of the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 to the normal value.
- the control unit 130 can detect the EDLC voltage V EDLC using an EDLC voltage detection unit (not shown).
- control unit 130 can keep the DC voltage V DC and the EDLC voltage V EDLC constant.
- step-down chopper 230 and the step-up chopper 240 shown in FIG. 14 can be basically the same processing except for the processing of steps S13 and S16 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- step S12 shown in FIG. 3 the control unit 130 determines that the fourth step-down chopper 234 (FIG. 14 (a)) when the direct-current voltage V DC is larger than the direct-current voltage command value V DC * (step S12: Yes). )),
- the switch 234d is switched so that the output value of the adder 234c is input to the comparator 234e, and the voltage recovery operation of the EDLC voltage V EDLC is performed while performing step-down chopper control (step S13), and step S15.
- step S12 when the direct-current voltage V DC is smaller than (or less than) the direct-current voltage command value V DC * in step S12 shown in FIG. (FIG. 14 (a) see) switches the switch 234d to enter a value of 0 for the comparator 234e stops switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 in the power storage device 200 at, i.e., the buck The chopper operation is stopped (step S14), and the process proceeds to step S15.
- step S15 when the direct-current voltage V DC is smaller than the direct-current voltage command value V DC * in step S15 shown in FIG. 3 (step S15: Yes), the control unit 130 determines that the fourth boost chopper 244 (FIG. 14 (b) )), The switch 244e is switched so as to input the output value of the subtractor 244d to the comparator 244f, and the voltage recovery operation of the EDLC voltage V EDLC is performed while performing step-up chopper control (step S16), and step S18.
- step S16 step-up chopper control
- step S15 shown in FIG. 3 the control unit 130 determines that the fourth boost chopper 244 (No) if the DC voltage V DC is greater than (or more than) the DC voltage command value V DC * (step S15: No).
- the switch 244e is switched so as to input a value of 0 to the comparator 244f to stop the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S2 in the power storage device 200, that is, the step-up chopper operation Is stopped (step S17), and the process proceeds to step S18.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing a waveform of the EDLC voltage V EDLC when the load is changed from no load to full load in the voltage recovery control of the EDLC voltage V EDLC applied during direct current voltage constant control.
- FIG. 15 shows an example in which the EDLC 210 is charged in advance and the load fluctuates from no load to full load.
- the DC voltage V DC of the paths LN1 and LN2 from the rectifier 113 to the inverter 120 is detected, and the DC voltage V DC is the DC voltage command value V DC * (target voltage). set to a value larger than the duty ratio d of the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 of the electric power storage device 200 a duty ratio d of the switching control when larger also is for the first semiconductor switch S 1 of power storage device 200,
- the duty ratio d in the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 of the power storage device 200 is set to the first semiconductor switch S of the power storage device 200.
- control unit 130 by controlling switching of the first semiconductor switch S 1 and the second semiconductor switch S 2 to recover power storage device 200 to a predetermined voltage, EDLC voltage after the load change
- the VEDLC can be recovered to the charge voltage (set voltage VEDLC * ) in the initial state (the state in which the EDLC 210 is pre-charged), and this can cope with the next load fluctuation.
- the DC voltage V DC of the paths LN1 and Ln2 from the rectifier 113 to the inverter 120 is detected, and the DC voltage V DC is the DC voltage command value V DC * (target voltage). Is greater than the value obtained by adding the dead band width ⁇ V DC (for the dead band) to the duty ratio d in the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 of the power storage device 200, the switching for the second semiconductor switch S 2 of the power storage device 200.
- the power storage device 200 power storage device, the duty ratio d of the switching control for the second semiconductor switch S 2 of Since set to a value larger than the duty ratio d of the switching control for the first semiconductor switch S 1 00, there is no need to perform calculation of a deficiency of the supply power to the load Lo. Therefore, the rotational speed fluctuation of the engine 111 in the engine generator 100 during the self-sustaining operation can be suppressed to a predetermined allowable rotational speed range without calculating the insufficient amount of power supplied to the load Lo. The amount of load that can be charged can be increased.
- the load power P is detected, and the dead band is changed to a value corresponding to the load power P with a delay of a time constant ⁇ greater than or equal to a predetermined value, thereby reducing the amount of power supplied to the load Lo. Without performing the calculation, the effect of suppressing fluctuations in the rotational speed of the engine 111 in the engine generator 100 can be enhanced.
- control unit 130 by controlling switching of the first semiconductor switch S 1 and the second semiconductor switch S 2 to recover power storage device 200 to a predetermined voltage, EDLC voltage after the load change
- the VEDLC can be recovered to the charge voltage (set voltage VEDLC * ) in the initial state (the state in which the EDLC 210 is pre-charged), and this can cope with the next load fluctuation.
- the power storage device 200 when the power storage device 200 is discharged, when the direct current voltage VDC is within the dead band range and the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the power storage device 200 is smaller than the set voltage V EDLC * , the power storage device 200 by switching control to the first semiconductor switch S 1, it is possible to perform the charging operation to the power storage device 200, thereby, restoring the EDLC voltage V EDLC of the electric power storage device 200 to the set voltage V EDLC * Can be made.
- the present invention relates to an engine generator provided with a power storage device including a capacitor or the like on the direct current side, and in particular, without calculating an insufficient amount of power supplied to a load, By suppressing the rotational speed fluctuation, it can be applied to an application for increasing the loadable load amount.
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Abstract
Description
エンジン、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機、前記発電機からの出力を整流する整流器、および、前記整流器からの直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータを設け、前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路に前記発電機と並列に、充電用導通部および放電用導通部を備えた電力貯蔵装置を設けたエンジン発電機であって、前記充電用導通部および前記放電用導通部への導通制御により前記電力貯蔵装置に対して充放電制御を行う構成とされており、前記充放電制御を行うに当たって前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路の直流電圧を検知し、前記直流電圧が該直流電圧の目標電圧よりも大きい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定し、前記直流電圧が前記目標電圧よりも小さい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。
エンジン、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機、前記発電機からの出力を整流する整流器、および、前記整流器からの直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータを設け、前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路に前記発電機と並列に、充電用導通部および放電用導通部を備えた電力貯蔵装置を設けたエンジン発電機であって、前記充電用導通部および前記放電用導通部への導通制御により前記電力貯蔵装置に対して充放電制御を行う構成とされており、前記充放電制御を行うに当たって前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路の直流電圧を検知し、前記直流電圧が該直流電圧の目標電圧に不感帯分を加算した値よりも大きい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定し、前記直流電圧が前記目標電圧から不感帯分を減算した値よりも小さい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。
次に、VSG制御について説明する。電流制御のインバータ120では、系統連系時に出力電圧・周波数を系統に依存するため、次のような不都合がある。すなわち、同期発電機と異なり電流制御の電源部110には慣性がないので系統の擾乱を吸収することができないという不都合や、系統連系と自立運転との無瞬断切り替えが困難であるという不都合がある。VSG制御は、これらの不都合を解消することができる。
次に、エンジン発電機100の自立運転時での電力貯蔵装置200によるエンジン111の回転数変化の抑制について説明する。
制御部130は、第1半導体スイッチS1および第2半導体スイッチS2への導通制御により電力貯蔵装置200に対して充放電制御を行う。そして、制御部130は、充放電制御を行うに当たって、直流電圧一定制御(第1実施形態)を行うか、或いは、不感帯を設けた直流電圧制御(第2実施形態)を行う構成とされている。
-直流電圧一定制御-
制御部130は、発電機112の自動電圧調整装置(AVR)および電力貯蔵装置200によって整流器113からインバータ120までの経路LN1,LN2間の直流電圧VDC(キャパシタ114の端子間電圧)を常時一定に保つように制御する。
次に、直流電圧一定制御の評価を行ったので、それについて図4および図5を参照しながら以下に説明する。
-不感帯を設けた直流電圧制御-
第1実施形態の直流電圧一定制御では、直流電圧VDCを一定に保つために常に電力貯蔵装置200を動作させる必要があるが、第2実施形態の不感帯を設けた直流電圧制御では、制御部130は、直流電圧VDCが不感帯から外れたときのみ電力貯蔵装置200が動作するように制御する。これは、電力貯蔵装置200が常に動作するのを回避し、電力貯蔵装置200での損失を低減させるためである。
第2実施形態の不感帯を設けた直流電圧制御を行う場合は、制御部130は、既述したように、電力貯蔵装置200での損失を低減するために負荷変動して不感帯から外れた際にのみ電力貯蔵装置200を動作させる。制御部130における記憶部(不揮発性メモリ)132には、直流電圧VDCに対する不感帯(不感帯幅ΔVDC)が予め設定されており、制御部130は、負荷変動によって直流電圧VDCが変動し、直流電圧VDCが不感帯から外れると、電力貯蔵装置200を動作させ、電力貯蔵装置200から電力を放出させるか、または、電力貯蔵装置200に電力を吸収させるように制御する。
まず、エンジン発電機100における制御部130において一定の不感帯を設定する場合について説明する。
次に、エンジン発電機100における制御部130において負荷電力Pに応じて不感帯を変化させる場合について説明する。
次に、不感帯を設けた直流電圧制御の評価を行ったので、それについて図10および図11を参照しながら以下に説明する。
2 不感帯一定
3 不感帯変化
図10および図11は、不感帯を設けた直流電圧制御の評価結果を示すグラフである。図10(a)および図11(a)は、それぞれ、条件2および条件3での直流電圧VDCの時間的変化を示しており、図10(b)および図11(b)は、それぞれ、条件2および条件3でのエンジン回転数の時間的変化を示している。なお、図10(a)および図11(a)では、不感帯の上限値、下限値および直流電圧指令値VDC *も示している。
ところで、一度負荷変動が起こると、EDLC210が充電もしくは放電され、負荷変動前と比べて蓄積できるエネルギーが変化し、次の負荷変動に対応できなくなるという不都合がある。
負荷変動後にEDLC電圧VEDLCを初期状態(EDLC210が予め充電している状態)での充電電圧(設定電圧VEDLC *)まで回復させるためには、電力貯蔵装置200を充電もしくは放電する必要がある。
図12に示すEDLC電圧VEDLCの電圧回復制御を行うためには、定常状態で直流電圧VDCが不感帯に入っていて電力貯蔵装置200が動作しないことが前提となっているため、不感帯を設けていない直流電圧一定制御時に、これと同じ電圧回復制御を適用することはできない。
第1実施形態によれば、充放電制御を行うに当たって整流器113からインバータ120までの経路LN1,LN2の直流電圧VDCを検知し、直流電圧VDCが直流電圧指令値VDC *(目標電圧)よりも大きい場合は電力貯蔵装置200の第1半導体スイッチS1に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dを電力貯蔵装置200の第2半導体スイッチS2に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dよりも大きい値に設定し、直流電圧VDCが直流電圧指令値VDC *(目標電圧)よりも小さい場合は電力貯蔵装置200の第2半導体スイッチS2に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dを電力貯蔵装置200の第1半導体スイッチS1に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dよりも大きい値に設定するので、負荷Loへの供給電力の不足量の演算を行う必要がない。従って、負荷Loへの供給電力の不足量の演算を行うことなく、自立運転時でのエンジン発電機100におけるエンジン111の回転数変動を抑えることができ、これにより、投入可能負荷量を増大させることができる。
第2実施形態によれば、充放電制御を行うに当たって整流器113からインバータ120までの経路LN1,Ln2の直流電圧VDCを検知し、直流電圧VDCが直流電圧指令値VDC *(目標電圧)に不感帯幅ΔVDC(不感帯分)を加算した値よりも大きい場合は電力貯蔵装置200の第1半導体スイッチS1に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dを電力貯蔵装置200の第2半導体スイッチS2に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dよりも大きい値に設定し、直流電圧VDCが直流電圧指令値VDC *(目標電圧)から不感帯幅ΔVDC(不感帯分)を減算した値よりも小さい場合は電力貯蔵装置200の第2半導体スイッチS2に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dを電力貯蔵装置200の第1半導体スイッチS1に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比dよりも大きい値に設定するので、負荷Loへの供給電力の不足量の演算を行う必要がない。従って、負荷Loへの供給電力の不足量の演算を行うことなく、自立運転時でのエンジン発電機100におけるエンジン111の回転数変動を所定の許容回転数範囲に抑えることができ、これにより、投入可能負荷量を増大させることができる。
111 エンジン
112 発電機
113 整流器
120 インバータ
130 制御部
200 電力貯蔵装置
210 EDLC(電気二重層キャパシタ)
220 チョッパ回路
230 降圧チョッパ
231 第1降圧チョッパ
232 第2降圧チョッパ
233 第3降圧チョッパ
234 第4降圧チョッパ
240 昇圧チョッパ
241 第1昇圧チョッパ
242 第2昇圧チョッパ
243 第3昇圧チョッパ
244 第4昇圧チョッパ
LN1 正極側経路
LN2 負極側経路
Lo 負荷
P 負荷電力
S1 第1半導体スイッチ(充電用導通部の一例)
S2 第2半導体スイッチ(放電用導通部の一例)
VDC 直流電圧
VDC * 直流電圧指令値(目標電圧)
VEDLC EDLC電圧
VEDLC * 設定電圧
ΔVDC 不感帯幅(不感帯分)
d デューティ比(電流率)
d* デューティ比(電流率)指令値
τ 遅れの時定数
Claims (7)
- エンジン、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機、前記発電機からの出力を整流する整流器、および、前記整流器からの直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータを設け、前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路に前記発電機と並列に、充電用導通部および放電用導通部を備えた電力貯蔵装置を設けたエンジン発電機であって、
前記充電用導通部および前記放電用導通部への導通制御により前記電力貯蔵装置に対して充放電制御を行う構成とされており、
前記充放電制御を行うに当たって前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路の直流電圧を検知し、前記直流電圧が該直流電圧の目標電圧よりも大きい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定し、前記直流電圧が前記目標電圧よりも小さい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。 - 請求項1記載のエンジン発電機であって、
前記直流電圧が前記目標電圧に収束しているときで前記電力貯蔵装置の電圧が設定電圧よりも小さい場合に前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を通常値よりも大きくして、前記充電用導通部と前記放電用導通部とのスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比の配分のうち、前記充電用導通部側の配分を変更することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。 - エンジン、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機、前記発電機からの出力を整流する整流器、および、前記整流器からの直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータを設け、前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路に前記発電機と並列に、充電用導通部および放電用導通部を備えた電力貯蔵装置を設けたエンジン発電機であって、
前記充電用導通部および前記放電用導通部への導通制御により前記電力貯蔵装置に対して充放電制御を行う構成とされており、
前記充放電制御を行うに当たって前記整流器から前記インバータまでの経路の直流電圧を検知し、前記直流電圧が該直流電圧の目標電圧に不感帯分を加算した値よりも大きい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定し、前記直流電圧が前記目標電圧から不感帯分を減算した値よりも小さい場合は前記電力貯蔵装置の前記放電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比を前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対するスイッチング制御におけるデューティ比よりも大きい値に設定することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。 - 請求項3記載のエンジン発電機であって、
負荷電力を検知し、前記不感帯を前記負荷電力に応じた値に所定値以上の時定数の遅れで変化させることを特徴とするエンジン発電機。 - 請求項3に記載のエンジン発電機であって、
前記直流電圧が前記不感帯の範囲内にあるときで前記電力貯蔵装置の電圧が設定電圧よりも小さい場合に前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対してスイッチング制御することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。 - 請求項4に記載のエンジン発電機であって、
前記直流電圧が前記不感帯の範囲内にあるときで前記電力貯蔵装置の電圧が設定電圧よりも小さい場合に前記電力貯蔵装置の前記充電用導通部に対してスイッチング制御することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。 - 請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載のエンジン発電機であって、
前記電力貯蔵装置を所定電圧に回復するように前記放電用導通部または前記充電用導通部をスイッチング制御することを特徴とするエンジン発電機。
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JP4315232B1 (ja) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-08-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電動車両 |
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JP5510032B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-14 | 2014-06-04 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非接触給電装置 |
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2013
- 2013-08-30 JP JP2013179794A patent/JP6193681B2/ja active Active
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2014
- 2014-05-30 WO PCT/JP2014/064376 patent/WO2015029526A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-05-30 ES ES14841019.4T patent/ES2654059T3/es active Active
- 2014-05-30 CA CA2922384A patent/CA2922384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-05-30 US US14/914,112 patent/US9837941B2/en active Active
- 2014-05-30 EP EP14841019.4A patent/EP3026784B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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JP2009011021A (ja) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-15 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries Engineering-Service Co Ltd | ハイブリット電源装置 |
WO2009082010A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-02 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | ハイブリッド型建設機械及びハイブリッド型建設機械の制御方法 |
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JP2012071903A (ja) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ハイブリッド式駆動装置、クレーン制御装置、及びクレーン装置 |
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See also references of EP3026784A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9837941B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
US20160211784A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
CA2922384A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
JP2015050815A (ja) | 2015-03-16 |
EP3026784A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
EP3026784B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
ES2654059T3 (es) | 2018-02-12 |
JP6193681B2 (ja) | 2017-09-06 |
EP3026784A4 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
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