WO2015024538A1 - Chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015024538A1
WO2015024538A1 PCT/CZ2013/000097 CZ2013000097W WO2015024538A1 WO 2015024538 A1 WO2015024538 A1 WO 2015024538A1 CZ 2013000097 W CZ2013000097 W CZ 2013000097W WO 2015024538 A1 WO2015024538 A1 WO 2015024538A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
fact
heating boiler
circulatory
boiler according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2013/000097
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robin EXEL
Jitka KRAJČOVÁ
Original Assignee
KRAJČOVÁ, Renata
HRABĚ, František
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KRAJČOVÁ, Renata, HRABĚ, František filed Critical KRAJČOVÁ, Renata
Priority to PCT/CZ2013/000097 priority Critical patent/WO2015024538A1/fr
Publication of WO2015024538A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015024538A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/32—Disposition of burners to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/263—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body with a dry-wall combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/30—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections
    • F24H1/32—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections with vertical sections arranged side by side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/46—Water heaters having plural combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F24H9/0031—Guiding means in combustion gas channels with means for changing or adapting the path of the flue gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/0042—Cleaning arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/13003—Energy recovery by thermoelectric elements, e.g. by Peltier/Seebeck effect, arranged in the combustion plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/60—Thermoelectric generators, e.g. Peltier or Seebeck elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler
    • F24H2230/02—Solid and fluid fuel fired boilers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a circulatory heating boiler for combined production of heat, steam and electric energy consisting of components arranged in the boiler body that can be modified according to the optional boiler configuration.
  • a boiler is a device producing hot water or pressure steam for heating, technological or energy purposes. It generally consists of a combustion component (with appropriate accessories) and of an exchanging component. The aim is not to discuss all ways of energy production or boilers classification, for example according to the way of their mounting, using, design, used fuel, process medium or their equipment.
  • the main function of boilers is the transfer of heat produced by fuel combustion to water and finally to steam production. Steam produced in a boiler is used for various purposes, including heating, sterilization and drying and humidifying, and energy production.
  • Boilers can be seen as usable technological devices that, by their operation using different fuels, generate in their production process not only usable energy but also different solid and gas technological waste.
  • boilers with a power of up to several thousands of tons of steam per hour are used for steam or hot water production, i.e. boilers usable for power-plant block with a power of up to 2,000 MW, whereas the steam pressure can be selected from the barometric pressure up to a supercritical pressure area of ca 25 MPa.
  • These boilers can be arranged for example as grate boilers with a cylindrical grate for waste combustion, steeping-tube boilers, drum boilers, low-pressure boilers, high-pressure boilers etc.
  • a classical arrangement of the technology for electric energy production consists of a boiler comprising a jacket with a furnace with a grate and ash pan where there are the outlets of primary air nozzles.
  • the supplies of fuel and secondary air lead into the furnace.
  • Above the furnace there is an exchanger which is connected to the water supply by its inlet, whereas its outlet is used to conduct steam for a turbine driving a generator.
  • the boiler is ended with a discharge of combustion products to which a solid particles separator is integrated which leads the residues of unburnt fuel back to the boiler, and another stage of cleaning is usually integrated into the discharge of combustion products in place before the combustion products enter a chimney.
  • the boiler with a coaxial water jacket and a combustion chamber is described in the French patent No. 2 154 347.
  • This heating boiler is relatively structurally complicated. Thus its manufacture is quite expensive and service work is difficult to perform and time-consuming. The risk which is particularly adverse is the risk of cold places where the reduced performance of the burner can cause condensation of harmful substances from combustion gases which can then lead to corrosion problems. Thus this heating boiler is not suitable for operation with a multistage burner.
  • This known heating boiler does not have any device for hot water preparation, which means the so called industrial water preparation. It is important to keep the heating boiler power and the burner power in a mutual harmony.
  • the heating boiler is provided with a device for regulation of combustion gas flow from the first outlet of combustion gas and/or for regulation of gas flaw from the second outlet of combustion gas from the first outlet of combustion gas and/or for regulation of combustion gas flow.
  • the device for regulation of combustion gas flow is formed by a combustion gas valve. The outlets of combustion gas lead into the common smoke pipe and the combustion gas valve is common for both outlets of combustion gas.
  • the circulatory fluid boiler for coal and biomass has a furnace which is delimited on sides by membrane walls, by a membrane wall at the front, by a membrane wall at the back, staggered ceiling formed by membrane walls interconnected with tubes on top, at the bottom the furnace is delimited by a tube opened grate connected with a ventilator of primary combustion air and recycling combustion products, the membrane wall is via a fall-down or fall-downs connected with a feeder or feeders of coals and biomass, the fall-down or fall-downs are connected with a supply of secondary air or secondary air with recycling combustion products, the furnace includes a layer of bulk silica sand and this layer covers an installed pipe set which can be dismantled and taken out from the furnace, the path of combustion products is delimited by pipes at the beginning and is formed by
  • the aim of the invention is the construction of the circulatory heating boiler for combined production of heat, steam and electric energy which would be able, without large investments, to combust waste and any fuel with an amount of impurities that are unacceptable for the environment. At the same time, it would ensure necessary energy sources of heat and electric energy, e.g. at places with a difficult access.
  • the circulatory heating boiler for combined production of heat, steam and electric energy consisting of a combustion component and exchanging component, which is based on the fact that its wall is formed by a set of jackets that are closed in the area where they surround the heat-exchanging spaces of the combustion component which is formed by sections connected upwards - the section II of flame swirl initialization, at least one section HI of fuel combustion, the section V of condensation and separation of combustible particles and the section VI of heating with heat transmission provided with at least one pressure valve at the interface with the exchanging component.
  • the heating boiler according to this design is particularly suitable for combustion of gas and liquid fuel that contains a lot of admixtures and impurities.
  • the circulatory boiler is designed as an overpressure boiler, i.e. an increased pressure, compared to the atmospheric pressure, is achieved in the combustion component of the boiler which is closed in the set of jackets and insulated from outside. In addition to that, also high temperatures are achieved during combustion, up to 1 ,650 °C.
  • the structure of the boiler and the specified pressure and temperature conditions significantly influence the combustion process performed in the combustion component of the boiler as described below.
  • section of the circulatory boiler means a technological unit ensuring a specific activity or function of the selected entire configuration of the boiler.
  • the section includes a specific adjacent set of jackets of the boiler, possible supply of fuel, waste, oxidizing agent and liquid air, and internal technological equipment of the section in question. If required, the individual elements of internal technological equipment of individual sections can interfere in the space of adjacent sections; if needed, they can share some elements of internal technological equipment.
  • Incombustible particles must be conducted away from the heat-exchanging space of the boiler.
  • the offtake of incombustible ash can be installed on the boiler wall anywhere below the section IV of separation of incombustible particles.
  • the section I of incombustible waste is then incorporated to the combustion component of the boiler and this section is located below the section II of flame swirl initialization.
  • the particles of incombustible ash fall into this section and are taken away from here using the offtake of incombustible ash.
  • All boiler walls that have been known so far, are generally formed by the set of jackets whose task is to insulate the boiler from outside, possibly use the heat transmitting through the jacket to heat fluid, typically water, which reduces heat losses and increases the total efficiency of the boiler.
  • Heat fluid typically water
  • High pressure and high temperature in the combustion component of the boiler brings increased demands for its walls that are formed by multiple jackets that are preferably mutually arranged coaxially without the need of its connection to the cooling system.
  • the mentioned jackets form the wall of the boiler and are also called a set of jackets.
  • the boiler has ideally a circular cross-section but the cross-section can be basically any polygon with at least three sides.
  • the wall of the circulatory heating boiler preferably forms the first jacket which should be preferably made of a fire-resistant material, which is surrounded by the second jacket preferably made of a pressure-resistant material, typically steel.
  • the pipe of incombustible ash goes through the first jacket.
  • the second jacket is preferably surrounded by the water jacket which is then surrounded by the external jacket.
  • the water jacket is typically constructed as a continuous jacket and fulfils the function of pre-heater and heater of hot water. It is favourable that the circulatory boiler not only minimizes technological leaks of radiant heat but to the contrary it utilizes this heat technologically by means of the Peltier element for production of electric energy. This element is heated on one side by heat transmissions from internal jackets, an on the other side it is cooled by the water jacket while the water from the water jacket is used for hot water heating for subsequent use.
  • the production of electric current occurs and this current is taken from this Peltier element while simultaneous absorption of radiant heat from the heat-exchanging space of the circulatory boiler by its first and second jacket.
  • the Peltier element is therefore located between the second internal steel jacket and the water jacket.
  • the wall from the set of linked arranged jackets can be closed by the insulating jacket from outside.
  • the circulatory heating boiler consists of the section II of flame swirl initialization, which is preferably formed by an adjacent part of the wall inside which there is a spiral cabinet provided with at least one tangential flame inlet and the cabinet is connected by its outlet to the speed chamber, then interconnected with the ring, where the supply of fuel and oxidizing agent leads into the speed chamber, whereas the spiral cabinet, speed chamber and ring surround the container of combustible ash which is located in the middle of the section II of flame swirl initialization so that it is cut through by a vertical axis of the circulatory boiler when the section II has an outlet of the pipe of combustible ash which is provided with at least one opening connecting it with the container of combustible ash, whereas the container of combustible ash is then connected with the ring and the container of combustible ash, together with the internal part of the adjacent ring, is closed on top by the first separating plate, which is in the place where it overlaps the ring, provided with at least one opening on the
  • the flame swirl is produced by adding the fuel and oxidizing agent and giving the flame a rotational movement using reinforcing and guard blades that are located in the section II of flame swirl initialization.
  • reinforcing and guard blades By means of reinforcing and guard blades the flame entering the following section is divided into the set of partial flames angularly shifted and moving upwards around the common spiral axis. This set of partial flames is called a flame swirl.
  • the circulatory heating boiler consists of the section III of fuel consumption which is formed by an adjacent part of the set of jackets surrounding the pressure swirl chamber consisting of two stages, the pipe of combustible ash goes vertically through the centre, where the first stage represents the space of pressure combustion to which the supply of fuel, liquid air and gas oxidizing agent leads and the first stage is ended with the first horizontal partition which is at the circumference provided with at least one flame passage whereas this first partition is followed by the second stage of the pressure swirl chamber which is represented by the labyrinth ended with the second horizontal partition.
  • the flame swirl gets a temperature of up to 1 ,650 °C. This section can be even repeated in the boiler configuration according to the requirements for the boiler and fuel.
  • the labyrinth ensures that the flame swirl circulates in its passage, i.e. compresses and expands, and that the combusted parts - mineral matter, that burn in the labyrinth, remains in the labyrinth passage as long as possible.
  • the labyrinth also basically serves as a pressure cap.
  • Circulation of the flame swirl is achieved by the fact that the labyrinth is formed by separated partial spaces closed between the separating plates that lead the passing flame swirl while the adjacent partial spaces are connected by flame passages located in separating plates the cross-section of which is smaller than the cross-section of connected partial spaces.
  • the delay of combusted parts in the labyrinth, and thus their better combustion, is achieved by already mentioned circulation which ensures alternating acceleration or deceleration of (rotary) movement of the flame swirl which totally decelerates the passage of the flame swirl by the labyrinth, and also by the fact that the arranged partial spaces of the labyrinth guide the flame swirl along the path which is longer than if the flame swirl passes through the labyrinth straight.
  • the labyrinth can be formed by the set of horizontal separating plates that are mutually distant in a vertical direction. This distance can be formed by insertion of a distance ring while in these separating plates the flame passages, for the flame passage between the labyrinth spaces, are located. These passages are preferably of a slot shape.
  • the horizontal separating plates can preferably demonstrate an inclination towards the horizontal plane whereas the passage between the labyrinth spaces is located on each separating plate at the lower part of its circumference and the inclined separating plates are mutually turned along the rotation axis identical with the vertical axis of the boiler (the separating plates are not arranged with an identical inclination but are mutually turned) so that the passing flame swirl must go along a longer path between the linked passages between the labyrinth spaces and on this path the cross-section of the passed partial labyrinth space increased and decreased again.
  • the collection of incombustible particles is based on centrifugal force acting at the circumference of the rotating flame swirl and in the collecting gutter.
  • the circulatory heating boiler consists of the section V of condensation and separation of combustible particles which is formed by the adjacent part of the set of jackets surrounding the separation chamber, to which the supply of ionized air, liquid air and heated water leads and the wall of which is ended with the projection on top which is formed along the circumference of the first jacket of the boiler and enters the heat- exchanging space of the boiler, whereas the lid of the section V of condensation and separation of combustible particles is formed by a reflective plate the walls of which go up towards the boiler axis and which is, in the place of the boiler axis, provided with a fastening element whose walls go down towards the boiler axis, and which is at its circumference fitted with guard blades that are also fixed to the third projection, whereas the collecting funnel (element) leading to the pipe of combustible particles in the preceding section is located in the
  • the cross-section in the horizontal section of the separation chamber increases upwards.
  • the rectifying element is preferably of a funnel shape and the reflective plate is of a conical shape. Both the rectifying element and the reflective plate contribute to the fact that the rotating flame, which goes up at the circumference of the separation chamber, is led to the boiler axis where the inner edge of the created rotating flame ring extends downwards. Flames decelerate at the inner edge of the ring, lose their carrying ability and the combustible particles fall to the collecting funnel.
  • the circulatory heating boiler further consists of the section VI of heating with heat passage which is formed by the adjacent part of the set of jackets surrounding the heating space delimited by the reflective plate at the bottom, opposite to which the evaporating plate is located in the distance which is provided with at least one heat passage fitted with a check valve.
  • This section has already cleaned flame which heats the evaporating plate, whereas heat passes through the heat passages to the exchanger component.
  • the heat passages are of a tube shape and protrude from the evaporating plate upwards.
  • the circulatory heating boiler can be favourably fitted with the section IV of separation of incombustible particles, as already stated above.
  • the section ]V of separation of incombustible particles is formed by an adjacent part of the set of jackets surrounding the burnout chamber consisting of two stages, the pipe of combustible ash goes vertically through the centre, where the first stage represents the space of separation of incombustible particles delimited by the bottom formed by the plate, which is provided with at least one flame passage at its circumference, and by the circumferential collecting gutter, where there is at least one inlet of the pipe of incombustible ash, whereas the supply of liquid air and ionized air leads to the space of separation of incombustible particles, and at the circumference of this gutter (protruding from the jacket inwards) there is at least one Reynolds threshold located, the first stage is ended with the first horizontal plate which is at the circumference provided with at least one flame passage, whereas this plate is followed by the second stage of the burnout chamber which is represented by the
  • the collection of incombustible particles is based on the centrifugal force acting at the circumference of the rotating flame swirl and the collecting gutter which modifies the speed conditions at the lower edge of the flame swirl moving in the heat- exchanging space of the burnout chamber.
  • the collecting gutter can be of a different shape in order to fulfil the function of incombustible particles collection.
  • the cross-section of the collecting gutter is of a hyperbolic shape and the inclination of its bottom is at least 3 °%, always along 1 ⁇ 2 of its length between the inlets of the pipe of incombustible ash.
  • Incombustible particles conducted to the pipe(s) of incombustible ash can be conducted from the heat-exchanging space of the boiler in many ways. However, the pressure in the boiler must be maintained. It is favourable when the circulatory heating boiler also includes the section I of incombustible waste which is formed by the adjacent part of the set of jackets inside which there is located a container for incombustible ash, to which at least one pipe of incombustible ash and at least one offtake of incombustible ash lead. Incombustible ash can be taken away from the container of incombustible ash either in operation, or in shutdowns of the boiler. For safety reasons it is favourable when at least also one safety pressure valve lead to the section I of incombustible waste.
  • the flame swirl is compressed and expanded in a horizontal plane during its movement upwards in the area of the first stage of the pressure swirl chamber.
  • Reynolds thresholds Reynolds knowledge applied to projections
  • the flame swirl flows laminarly during its movement along the spiral and Reynolds thresholds protruding from the jacket inwards ensure compression (during passage over the Reynolds threshold) and compression of the flame (behind the Reynolds threshold), whereas the character of the laminar flow remains the same.
  • at least one Reynolds threshold enters the heat-exchanging space of the boiler from the first jacket in the area of the first stage of the pressure swirl chamber.
  • the Reynolds threshold is parallel with a vertical axis of the boiler and it is favourable when it has the same height as the first stage of the pressure swirl chamber.
  • the Reynolds threshold can be formed as a part of the first jacket by modifying its profile, i.e. by modifying the shape of the boiler lining.
  • section II of flame swirl initialization section HI of fuel combustion, section JY of separation of incombustible particles and section V condensation and separation of combustible particles the fuel, including combustible waste, water and oxidizing agent in different combinations are forced in to the heat-exchanging space of the boiler under pressure by means of supplies.
  • Fuel, water and oxidizing agents can be forced in to the boiler separately and then mixed in the boiler space, but they can be preferably mixed before they enter the boiler.
  • the supply that allows formation of the mixture of fuel and/or oxidizing agent or water and oxidizing agent before it enters the boiler, can be an ejector in a preferable design.
  • Ejector is a pumping device the function of which is based on using underpressure.
  • the process medium can be a liquid, air, steam or gas but also sludge of any viscosity, granularity or composition, whereas fluid is a preferable process medium. Fluid performs work by its flowing in a nozzle which causes formation of necessary working underpressure and subsequent suction of the pumped medium.
  • the pumped medium of the ejector can be any ground, liquid or gaseous fuel or combustible waste or water.
  • the oxidizing agent can be either in a liquid or gaseous state.
  • design liquid air and ionized air are preferably used, e.g. the mixture of compressed air enriched with O3, where these oxidizing agents or water must be transported to the ejector under sufficient working pressure.
  • the advantage of the circulatory boiler for combined production of heat, steam and electric energy is its design as an integrative boiler for production of heat and hot water/steam heating without using tube pre-heaters and evaporators, and which also works as an incinerator of waste combustible with difficulties. It is advantageous that the circulatory boiler also allows direct production of electric energy, e.g. for driving the steam condensing turbine and rotary generators or dynamos.
  • the circulatory boiler according to this invention can be, thanks to its replaceable sections, used for creation of a boiler configuration that can be used in heating households or in industrial production of heat and steam or electric energy.
  • the circulatory boiler can be designed with the heat output from 15 kW to 1 ,000 MW and more.
  • the circulatory boiler can be favourably modified also with regard to combusted fuel which can be, except for common fuels such as coal, coal dust, also waste with problematic admixtures without their leaks to atmosphere and production of a problematic waste ash matter.
  • the advantage is that it does not need technological devices for its operation such as stacks to exhaust combustion products to the atmosphere, coolers and other equipment which is usual for boiler operation. It is a closed system which produces hot water, steam and electric energy.
  • the produced steam with a required pressure is usable for example in steam turbines and also the residual heat radiated by the combustion component is usable for hot water production, possibly production of electric energy.
  • the design of the circulatory boiler according to this invention allows achieving high temperatures, even temperatures higher than 1 ,650 °C, and keeping this temperature for at least five minutes. Keeping such a high operating temperature is achieved by several inlets of the oxidizing agent forced in to the space of fuel and combustible waste combustion that are supplied to the heat-exchanging space preferably using ejectors and by means of the flame swirl. This temperature allows combusting substances that are harmful to the environment so the incombustible waste is harmless to the environment and can be subsequently used. Thus the boiler produces harmless waste in a minimal amount.
  • This process has occurred so far under atmospheric or very small overpressure formed from pressure blasting of atmospheric oxygen, always under the condition of supply of such an amount not to extinguish this running process of fuel combustion. It is only single-phase combustion; the energy produced in this primary process of combustion bound in newly formed gaseous components is not subsequently used.
  • the sufficient primary contact of fuel with the oxidizing agent should decrease the formation of combustion products from imperfect combustion (e.g. of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, hydrogen cyanides and hydrocyanic acid, amines, phosphorus trioxide). Sufficient destruction of components contained in the fuel is ensured by high temperature of the flame (up to 1 ,300 °C).
  • Ash which serves as a puzzolan fertilizer, will be formed by dangerous waste combustion. Thanks to this binder the dangerous combustion products, that will be possibly formed, will be solidified.
  • the solidification medium (ash) covers (wraps) the particles of dangerous substances. By this they will be insulated.
  • Each delivered configuration of the circulatory boiler is precisely customized to the customer requirements according to the expected variant of combusted fuel and disposed waste and required production of electric and thermal energy;
  • the circulatory boiler is designed for any producer of heat and electric energy, even for economic appraisal of waste;
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified diagram of exemplary embodiment of the circulatory boiler for combined production of heat and electric energy with energy inputs and outputs
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed diagram of this embodiment of the circulatory boiler for combined production of heat and electric energy
  • Fig. 3 shows in section the details of the wall of this boiler embodiment consisted of the set of jackets of the boiler body with an ejector 44
  • Fig. 4 shows the detail of the ejector inlet 51 with a supply of compressed air and oxidizing agent
  • Fig. 5 shows the detail of the ejector inlet 53 with a supply of compressed air, oxidizing agent and water supply
  • Fig. 6 shows the details of ejector structural components
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified diagram of exemplary embodiment of the circulatory boiler for combined production of heat and electric energy with energy inputs and outputs
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed diagram of this embodiment of the circulatory boiler for combined production of heat and electric energy
  • Fig. 3 shows in section the details of the wall of this
  • FIG. 7 shows the detail of the ejector 40
  • Fig. 8 shows the detail of the ejector 44
  • Fig. 9 shows the detail of the ejector 51
  • Fig. 10 shows the detail of the ejector 53
  • Fig. 11 shows the F-F section in the boiler body in the section VI
  • Fig. 12 shows the G-G section in the boiler body in the section V
  • Fig. 13 shows the H-H section in the boiler body in the section IV
  • Fig. 14 shows the l-l section in the boiler body in the section III as seen from above
  • Fig. 15 shows the J-J section in the boiler body in the section III as seen from below
  • FIG. 16 shows the K-K section in the boiler body in the section IV and arrangement of Reynolds thresholds and waste pipes for incombustible ash particles
  • Fig. 17 shows a reflection plate with a rectifying funnel and the detail of the pipe passage
  • Fig. 18 shows the diagram of the exemplary embodiment of the circulatory boiler for gas and liquid fuel
  • Fig. 19 shows the diagram of the exemplary embodiment of the circulatory boiler for solid noble fuel
  • Fig. 20 shows variants of sections of walls without water cooling
  • Fig. 21 shows variants of sections of walls with water cooling.
  • the circulatory heating boiler for combined production of heat, steam and electric energy with a rotating flame in the heat-exchanging space is illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. It is a fully equipped universal circulatory boiler for combustion of any fuel, even the problematic solid fuel with unwanted admixtures, or dangerous industrial waste together with combustible household waste.
  • the circulatory boiler in this embodiment consists of the combustion component, inside which there are individual linked sections arranged. It is the section I of incombustible waste, section II of flame swirl initialization, two sections III of fuel combustion, see Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, section IV of separation of incombustible particles, see Fig. 13 and Fig. 17, section V of condensation and separation of combustible particles, see Fig. 12, and section VI of heating with heat passage, see Fig. 1 1.
  • the combustion component is closed by the exchanger on top.
  • the wall of the boiler is formed by the set of several linked coaxially arranged cylindrical jackets, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • This set of cylindrical jackets surround the heat-exchanging spaces of individual sections I to VI, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the set of jackets is formed by the first jacket ⁇ which is divided because of simple installation and inside which there is a heat-exchanging space. Considering the high temperatures achieved in the heat-exchanging space, it is suitable that the first jacket 1 is resistant to these temperatures.
  • This first jacket 1 is followed by the second steel jacket 2 which reinforces the first jacket 1 so that is safely resist internal pressures that can reach up to ca 25 MPa.
  • In the second jacket 2 there is a Peltier element 3.
  • This element 3 is surrounded by the water jacket 6 which provides the Peltier element 3 with cooling liquid.
  • the water jacket 6 is surrounded with the external jacket 4 which is followed by the insulating jacket 5.
  • the water jacket 6 is designed as a continuous one and at the same time it fulfils the function of a pre-heater and heater of hot water. Its continuity is ensured by means of the supply 48 of cooling water and discharge 47 of hot water.
  • the Peltier element 3 the water jacket 6, the external jacket of the boiler 4 and the insulating jacket 5 of the boiler partially surround the remaining jackets of the boiler in the area around the combustion components of the boiler.
  • these jackets can surround even the heat-exchanging component of the boiler.
  • the supply of fuel, combustible waste and oxidizing agent to the circulatory boiler is ensured by means of the first ejector 40, two second ejectors 44, two third ejectors 51 and the fourth ejector 53 that lead into the boiler body in different places of individual sections and will be described below.
  • the structure of the first ejector 40 is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the ejector consists of components mutually linked using flanges. These components are formed by the second chamber 77 to which two pipes 78 for the supply of the process medium lead. These pipes are mutually arranged under an angle of 15 to 45° whereas the chamber is also equipped with the opening 79 for placing the regulation spike and along it circumference there is a supply 75 of fuel in the form of a spiral cabinet.
  • the second mixing chamber 77 there is a mixing nozzle 76 located in the distance towards the convergent nozzle 74 which is located at the outlet from the second mixing chamber 77 and which interferes in the space of the first mixing chamber 73.
  • the first mixing chamber 73 is followed by the neck 72 of the ejector which is ended with a diffuser 71 which is of a circular shape in its cross-section perpendicular to its axis, whereas at its outlet there is an inclination of 5 to 75°, preferably 30°, which is of a drop shape in the cross-section towards the vertical axis 86 of the circulatory boiler.
  • the longer end of the diffuser 71 of the first ejector 40 is oriented in the horizontal plane against the flow of the rotating flame swirl as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the diffuser 71 is then provided with a protective jacket 69.
  • the first ejector 40 has the fuel 43 connected to the fuel supply 75 in the form of a spiral cabinet, and the oxidizing agent, which is liquid air 41 , is forced in to the pipe 7J
  • the structure of the second ejector 44 is shown in Fig. 8.
  • the ejector consists of components mutually linked using flanges. These components are formed by the second chamber 77 to which two pipes 78 for the supply of the process medium lead. These pipes are mutually arranged under an angle of 15 to 45° whereas the chamber is also equipped with the opening 79 for placing the regulation spike and along it circumference there is a spiral cabinet for supply 75 of fuel as a pumped medium.
  • the second mixing chamber 77 there is a mixing nozzle 76 located in the distance towards the convergent nozzle 74 which is located at the outlet from the second mixing chamber 77 and which interferes in the space of the first mixing chamber 73 to which the pipe 80 of the pumped medium supply leads behind the convergent nozzle 74-
  • the first mixing chamber 73 is followed by the neck 72 of the ejector which is ended with a diffuser 71 which is of a circular shape in its cross-section perpendicular to its station axis, whereas at its outlet there is an inclination of 5 to 75°, preferably 30°, which is of a drop shape in the cross-section towards the vertical axis 86 of the circulatory boiler.
  • the longer end of the diffuser 71 of the first ejector 40 is oriented in the horizontal plane against the flow of the rotating flame swirl as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the diffuser 71 is then provided with a protective jacket 69.
  • the second ejector 44 has the fuel 43 connected to the spiral cabinet 75, liquid air 41, which is the oxidizing agent, to pipes 78, and ionized 42 to the pipe 80.
  • the structure of the third ejector 51 is shown in Fig. 9 and the detail of its inlet to the boiler wall in Fig. 4.
  • the ejector consists of components mutually linked using flanges. These components are formed by the second chamber 77 to which two pipes 78 for the supply of the process medium lead. These pipes are mutually arranged under an angle of 15 to 45° whereas the chamber is also equipped with the opening 79 for placing the regulation spike.
  • the second mixing chamber 77 is provided with convergent nozzle 74 located at the outlet which interferes in the space of the first mixing chamber 73 to which the pipe 80 of the pumped medium supply leads behind the convergent nozzle 74-
  • the first mixing chamber 73 is followed by the neck 72 of the ejector which is ended with a diffuser 71 which is of a circular shape in its cross-section perpendicular to its station axis, whereas at its outlet there is an inclination of 5 to 75°, preferably 30°, which is of a drop shape in the cross- section towards the vertical axis 86 of the circulatory boiler while the diffuser 71 is provided with the protective jacket 69.
  • the structure of the fourth ejector 53 is shown in Fig. 10 and the detail of its inlet to the boiler wall 98 in Fig. 5.
  • the ejector consists of components mutually linked using flanges. These components are formed by the second chamber 77 to which two pipes 78 for the supply of the process medium lead. These pipes are mutually arranged under an angle of 15 to 45° whereas the chamber is also equipped with the opening 79 for placing the regulation spike.
  • the second mixing chamber 77 is provided with convergent nozzle 74 located at the outlet which interferes in the space of the first mixing chamber 73 to which two opposite pipes 80 of the pumped (sucked) medium supply leads behind the convergent nozzle 74.
  • the first mixing chamber 73 is followed by the neck 72 of the ejector which is ended with a diffuser 71 which is of a circular shape in its cross-section perpendicular to its station axis, whereas at its outlet there is an inclination of 5 to 75°, preferably 30°, which is of a drop shape in the cross-section towards the vertical axis 86 of the circulatory boiler while the diffuser 71 is also provided with the protective jacket 69.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the circulatory boiler is formed by the above mentioned sections of the heat-exchanging space and the exchanger component.
  • the second part of the boiler is the section II of flame swirl initialization.
  • This section serves to divide and ensure the circular movement of the flame and at the same time its primary carrying force.
  • the boiler wall is in this section I] formed by the first jacket 1 which is resistant to high temperatures and which is followed by the second steel jacket 2.
  • the pipe 36 of incombustible ash goes through the first jacket 1.
  • the initiation flame is led through the tangential inlet, which is solved using a spiral cabinet 7 (worm), to the ring speed chamber 8 where the initiation flame outlets in the middle using the ring 9 of the speed chamber 8.
  • the initiation flame can be led to the speed chamber 8 by multiple tangential inlets 7- Using this, the movement of the initiation flame is achieved in linear flowlines upwards against the gravitational force.
  • To the force in the speed chamber 8 the initiation flame achieved using the first ejector 40 goes through the ring 9 of the speed chamber 8 to the circulatory pressure chamber 14.
  • the first ejector 40 ensures the supply of the mixture of fuel and oxidizing agent to the pressure speed chamber 8.
  • This first ejector 40 leads to the space of the speed chamber 8.
  • the speed chamber 8 is designed so that it is followed by the ring 9 ensuring the transport of particles 33 of combustible ash from the container 34 of combustible ash using the underpressure force of the flame swirl.
  • This container 34 is arranged coaxially with the internal jacket 1 of the boiler so that the particles 33 of combustible ash periodically return to the combustion process running in the circulatory pressure chamber 14.
  • the end of the inlet of the initiation flame is solved using the second separating plate 12 and the first separating plate 10 between which the reinforcing blades 13 are located delimiting the inlets themselves.
  • guard blades 15 are followed by, using the passage of the flame swirl through reinforcing blades 13, the formed flows of initiation flame, as shown in Fig. 15. It is desirable that the flame, during its movement upwards through the accelerating chamber 9, suck in the particles 33 of combustible ash from the container 34 of combustible ash.
  • section M we will obtain, at the outlet of the initiation flame from this section do the following section HI, the set of concentrically and angularly shifted flows of the initiation flame which we further call the flame swirl.
  • the second ejector 44 ensures the supply of the mixture of fuel and the oxidizing agent do the circulatory chamber 14, whereas to ensure the underpressure the longer end of the inclination of the fuel diffuser 71 of the second ejector 44 is oriented in the horizontal plane against the flow of the rotating flame swirl.
  • the inlet of the second ejector 44 to the heat-exchanging space is shown in Fig. 3.
  • Reynolds thresholds 58 protrude from the first jacket of the pressure circulatory chamber 14.
  • Reynolds thresholds 58 have the function to reinforce the boiler structure and to ensure periodical changes of pressure conditions of the flame swirl going through the pressure circulatory chamber 14 , whereas these Reynolds thresholds 58 also contain the pipe 36 of incombustible ash leading to the container 37 of incombustible ash.
  • the content of the container 37 of incombustible ash can have another industrial usage.
  • At least one Reynolds threshold 58 can go through the pressure circulatory chamber 14, whereas it seems favourable if three Reynolds thresholds 58 go through the pressure circulatory chamber 14 located on the internal wall of the first jacket 1 of the boiler.
  • the first stage of the pressure circulatory chamber 14 is ended with the first partition 16 which is of a convex shape in this embodiment with the lowest point in its centre.
  • the first partition 16 is in the point of its highest place at the circumference fitted with a lengthwise slot 56 for the inlet of the rotating flame swirl.
  • the first partition 16 is followed by the second stage of the pressure circulatory chamber 14 represented by the labyrinth 17 which contains the first set of separating plates 55 arranged mutually so that they create separated partial spaces.
  • the first set of separating plates 55 located in the pressure circulatory chamber 14 has the flame passages 56 in separating plates 55 in the form of slots arranged into the spiral, as shown in Fig. 20.
  • the arrangement of the slots 56 into the spiral and the mutual inclination of the plates 55 ensure acceleration or deceleration of the rotating movement of the flame swirl which goes along the spiral upwards.
  • the flame swirl in its rotating movement upwards, carries combustible ash and the fuel additionally supplied to the space of the first part of the pressure circulatory chamber 14 using the second ejector 44.
  • the regulation of the flame swirl can be solved using the reinforcing blades 13 that can be movable and are fixed in the place of slot 56 edges between adjacent separating plates 55.
  • the fourth part of the boiler is the section III of fuel combustion again.
  • This second section Ml of fuel combustion can be preferably used to burn waste, possibly other fuels burnt with difficulties. Therefore the section Ml of fuel combustion in this embodiment is called the incinerator.
  • the pressure circulatory chamber 14 has an additional inlet of at least one third ejector 51 with the supply of liquid air 41 and supply of ionized air 42, as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the second and the third ejector 45 and 51 ensure, in addition to the fuel, the supply of liquid air 41 and ionized air 42 to the circulatory chamber 14.
  • the outlets of these ejectors to the circulatory chamber 14 are arranged in its first third, whereas in order to ensure the underpressure the longer end of the inclination of the diffuser 71 even at the third ejector 51 is oriented in the horizontal plane against the flow of the rotating flame swirl, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the oxidizing agent form the mixture of liquid air 41 with the content of O3 of up to 40 % in the amount.
  • the inclination of individual separating plates 55 of the labyrinth 17 in this fourth part of the boiler, in the total of both inclinations, is within the range 0.35 - 0.60 °% in this second section Mj of fuel combustion.
  • the length of the slot 56 take 3/32 of the total circumference of the separating plate 55. It is favourable that the slot 56 at the upper separating plate 55 of the two following separating plates 55 is turned by 125° to 180° compared to the slot 56 at the lower separating plate 55 in the direction of the flame swirl rotation, as shown in Fig. 20.
  • the flame swirl carries combustible ash and waste in its rotating movement upwards.
  • the fifth part of the boiler is the section IV of separation of incombustible particles.
  • the boiler wall in this section IV is formed, as in the section III, by the first jacket 1 which is resistant to high temperatures and is followed by the second steel jacket 2.
  • On the second jacket 2 there is a Peltier element 3 located.
  • This element 3 is surrounded by the water jacket 6 which provides the Peltier element 3 with cooling liquid.
  • the water jacket 6 is surrounded with the external jacket 4 which is followed by the insulating jacket 5.
  • the pipe 36 of incombustible ash goes through the first jacket 1 and the pipe 89 of combustible ash goes through the middle of the section.
  • the section IV of separation of incombustible particles is formed by the burnout chamber 211.
  • This chamber is solver similarly to the pressure circulatory chamber 14, i.e. it consists of two stages where the first stage is represented by the space of separation of incombustible particles which is followed by the second stage of the burnout chamber 211 , which is represented by the labyrinth 17.
  • the jacket of the first stage of the burnout chamber 211 is solved as a truncated cone oriented in the direction of the boiler body axis which is tapering upwards in the direction of the flame swirl movement.
  • the first stage of the burnout chamber 211 is formed by the space of separation of incombustible particles delimited by the bottom 202 which is, at its circumference, fitted with the collecting gutter 35 which surrounds the fourth partition 16 and which contains the inlets 20! °f tne pipe 36 of incombustible ash.
  • the collecting gutter 35 conducts incombustible ash to the inlet 20_! of the pipe 36 of incombustible ash. Its cross-section is of a hyperbolic shape and the inclination of its bottom is 3°%, always 1 ⁇ 2 of its length between the inlets 20! of tne P'P e 36 of incombustible ash. These inlets 20_! also allow fulfilling the function of a safety valve.
  • the burnout chamber 211 has the outlet of the third ejector 51 with the supplies 78 of liquid air 41 and the supply 80 of ionized air 42, as shown in Fig. 9 and the detail of its inlet to the boiler wall 98 in Fig. 4, whereas their outlets are located in the lower half of the burnout chamber 211..
  • the third ejector 5J. is designed so that the longer end of the inclination of the diffuser 71 is oriented in the horizontal plane against the flow of the rotating flame swirl, as shown in Fig. 6, and ensures the support of injection of the mixture of ionized air-oxidizing agent.
  • the burnout chamber 211 is ended with the third partition 16, preferably convex downwards, which is followed by the labyrinth 17 formed by the set of separating plates 55 that is ended with a horizontal fourth partition 16 fitted with at least one flame passage at its circumference.
  • the inclination of individual separating plates 55 of the labyrinth 17 in this fifth part of the boiler (in the section IV), in the total of both inclinations, is within the range of 0.45-0.80 °%.
  • the slot 56 at the upper separating plate 55 of the two following separating plates 55 of the labyrinth is turned by 135° compared to the slot 56 at the lower separating plate 55 in the direction of the flame swirl rotation, as shown in Fig. 20, whereas the length of the slot 56 takes 3/32 of the total circumference of the separating plate 55. It is also desirable that the flame swirl carries combustible ash and fuel with added combustible waste in its rotating movement upwards.
  • the section IV is followed by the section V of condensation and separation of combustible particles.
  • This section is formed by the separating chamber 212 which has a shape of a truncated cone enlarging upwards.
  • the flame swirl after the passage through the labyrinth 17 of the preceding section and after its entry to the separating chamber 212, decelerated and forced to perform rotation in both the vertical direction with simultaneous expansion, an horizontal direction with simultaneous rotation around the axis of the internal jacket 2 of the boiler.
  • This change of the way of flowing of the flame swirl in its gradual movement upwards is achieved by the shape of the reflective plate 23 convex upwards, see Fig.
  • the heating space 214 of the section VI of heating with heat passage is delimited by the reflective plate 23 at the bottom, see Fig. 17, to which there is the conical evaporating plate 25 protruding downwards and located opposite in the distance.
  • This plate is fitted with the main heat passage 26 with a valve 82, tube passages 29 fitted with valves 82, see Fig. 18, and inlets of the tube heat exchanger
  • This flame heats the conical evaporating plate 25 with evaporating spaces 27.
  • the heat-exchanging component VII which follows after the section VI of heating with heat passage, is separated from the section VI by the separating plane
  • the heat-exchanging component VII of the boiler is formed by the jacket 85
  • the jacket 85 is equipped with the first safety valve 66 and there is also the exhaust 91 of residual heat from the space 84 of energy exchange which is led through the jacket 85.
  • the heat exchanger 81 is equipped with the supply 31 of cold water with embedded shutoff valve and the outlet
  • Fig. 19 shows the diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the circulatory boiler for gaseous and liquid fuel and noble solid fuels which is for example wood, anthracite. Thanks to the supply of this type of fuel no incombustible waste is produced in combustion so the design of the boiler can be simpler.
  • the circulatory boiler in this embodiment consists of the heat-exchanging component and combustion component, inside which there are individual linked sections arranged. It is the section II of flame swirl initialization, section III of fuel combustion, section V of condensation and separation of combustible particles, and section VI of heating with heat passage.
  • the stated sections have the same arrangement and fulfil the same functions as in the exemplary embodiment above.
  • Fig. 20 shows the diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the circulatory boiler for noble and non-noble fuels, when it is not possible to completely avoid occurrence of incombustible admixtures. Yet the design of the boiler can be simpler than as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and the circulatory boiler in this embodiment consists of the heat-exchanging component and combustion component, inside which there are individual linked sections arranged. It is the section I of incombustible waste, section II of flame swirl initialization, section III of fuel combustion, section IV of separation of incombustible particles, section V of condensation and separation of combustible particles, and section VI of heating with heat passage. The stated sections have the same arrangement and fulfil the same functions as in the exemplary embodiments above.
  • Fig. 21 shows variants of cross-sections of walls without water cooling where the wall in the simplest shown design is formed by the first jacket ⁇ which is followed by the second jacket 2 reinforcing the first jacket ⁇ (also the pipe 36 of incombustible ash and the edge of the Reynolds threshold 68 are indicated).
  • the wall without water cooling can be then surrounded by the insulating jacket 5, as shown in Fig. 21 above.
  • Fig. 22 shows the variants of cross-section of walls with water cooling where the wall in the design shown above is formed by the first jacket 1 which is followed by the second jacket 2. On the second jacket 2, there is the Peltier element 3 located, which is surrounded by the water jacket 6. The water jacket 6 is then surrounded by the external jacket 4 which is followed by the insulating jacket 5.
  • the wall is, in the cross-section, the same with the difference that between the internal jacket 2 and the water jacket 6 there is no Peltier element 3 located.
  • the combustion component of the circulatory boiler consists of section based on its design and it can be subsequently incorporated into the existing systems of energy production.
  • the function of the circulatory boiler shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is as follows.
  • the circulatory boiler works in the overpressure mode.
  • the initiation flame at the tangential inlet to the spiral cabinet 7 to the circulatory boiler must achieve the temperature of at least 600 °C.
  • the initiation flame 39 enters tangentially to the inlet orifice of the spiral cabinet 7 leading to the ring speed chamber 8 of the circulatory boiler adjacent by its internal wall to the conical container 34 of combustible ash.
  • the spiral cabinet 7 ensures linear and impulse flow of the initiation flame to the speed chamber 8 to which the fuel 43 and liquid air 41 are injected using the first ejector 40.
  • the initiation flame gains its force and speed here with a simultaneous increase of pressure.
  • the initiation flame enters from the speed chamber 8 to the underpressure ring 9 with the suction function.
  • the initiation flame at its outlet from the underpressure ring 9, allows suction of particles of combustible ash 33, collected in the container 34 of ash, using underpressure via suction openings H Da °k to tne combustion process.
  • the outlet of the initiation flame from the underpressure ring 9 to the heat-exchanging space of the following section is performed using several openings located concentrically with regard to the vertical axis of the boiler and fitted with reinforcing blades 13 whose lower edges are located on the first separating plate 10 and upper edges on the second separating plate 12.
  • the initiation flame is divided into partial flows angularly mutually shifted that lead to the pipe 89 of combustible particles 33.
  • Each of the flows passes the pipe 89 of combustible particles 33 tangentially and enters between the vertical guard blades 15 of a spiral shape ensuring formation of the flame swirl.
  • the flame swirls is led and directed by spiral projections 15 into the heat-exchanging space of the pressure circulatory chamber 14 in which perfect mixing of the flame swirl with particles 33 of combustible ash is ensured using the shaped bottom of the pressure circulatory chamber 14.
  • the mixture of fuel 43, liquid air 41 and oxidizing agent in the form of ionized air 42 is forced in to the pressure circulatory chamber 14 using the second ejector 44, which results in a massive development of temperature of the flame swirl up to 1 ,650 °C.
  • the flame swirl is accelerated and decelerated using Reynolds thresholds 58 ensuring its periodical expansion and compression.
  • the flame swirl with a temperature of 1 ,650 °C goes further through the slot 56 of the first partition 16 to the first labyrinth 17 formed by the set of separating plated 55. Individual separating plated 55 ensure the movement of the flame swirl along the spiral and its expansion and compression.
  • the flame swirl goes through the slot 56 located in the second partition 16.
  • the flame swirl is enriched with the mixture of combustible waste 46, liquid air 41 and oxidizing agent in the form of ionized air 42 forced in to the heat-exchanging space of the second pressure circulatory chamber 14 using the second ejector 44 and the first ejector 51.
  • This way the same temperature of the flame swirl of ca 1 ,650 °C is achieved in the second pressure circulatory chamber 14 as it is in the first pressure circulatory chamber 14.
  • the flame swirl performs rotating movement upwards in the heat-exchanging space of both pressure circulatory chambers 14 and is accelerated and decelerated using Reynolds thresholds 58 ensuring its periodical expansion and compression.
  • the second pressure circulatory chamber 14 is separated by the third partition 16 equipped with a slot 56 ensuring the entrance of the flame swirl to the second labyrinth 17 formed by the set of separating plates 55.
  • Individual separating plates 55 ensure the movement of the flame swirl along the spiral and its expansion and compression.
  • the flame swirl enters the burnout chamber 211 at first through the slot 56 located in the fourth partition 16 which forms, together with the collecting gutter 35, the bottom 202 of the burnout chamber 211.
  • the flame swirl contains minimal amount of particles 33 of combustible ash.
  • the mixture of liquid air 41 and oxidizing agent in the form of ionized air 42 j formed by compressed air with a content of O3 of at least 40 %, is forced through the second ejector 51 in to the heat-exchanging space of the burnout chamber 211. This way, we achieve the increase of temperature of the flame swirl again and the possibility of maximal elimination of unsuitable admixtures of combustion products and particles 33 of combustible ash.
  • the collection of incombustible particles 93 separated from the flame swirl is allowed.
  • the collection of incombustible particles is based on the centrifugal force acting at the circumference of the rotating flame swirl and the collecting gutter 35 which modifies the speed conditions at the lower edge of the flame swirl moving in the heat-exchanging space of the burnout chamber 211.
  • the flame swirl is reinforced with the mixture of liquid air 41, oxidizing agent in the form of ionized air 42 formed by compressed air with the content of 0 3 of at least 40 % and water, which is forced in to the separating chamber 212 using the ejector 53.
  • the pressure, speed and way of rotation of the flame swirl changes horizontally and vertically.
  • the flame swirl already as heat only, passes to the heating space 214 by the passage delimited by the reflective plate 23 with reinforcing blades 13 and the third projection 61 , whereas the reinforcing blades 13 are arranged angularly along the circumference of the reflective plate 23.
  • heat heats the bottom of the evaporating plate 25 and passes through the main heat passage 26 and through tube passages 29 equipped with check pressure valves and enters the space of the heat-exchanging component of the boiler.
  • the circulatory boiler can be used not only as an energy source for household heating. It can also be used for disposal of its own waste and it can be therefore independent on energy supplies from large distributors, and also the fact that the excessive heat and electrical energy can be sold is not negligible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à une chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique, ladite chaudière se composant d'un élément de combustion et d'un élément d'échange, dont une paroi (98) est formée par une série de chemises qui sont fermées dans la zone où elles entourent les espaces d'échange de chaleur de l'élément de combustion qui est formé par des sections raccordées vers le haut - la section II de déclenchement du tourbillon de flammes, au moins une section III de combustion de combustible, la section V de condensation et de séparation de particules de combustible et la section VI de chauffage avec une transmission de chaleur comprenant au moins une soupape de sécurité au niveau de l'interface avec l'élément d'échange.
PCT/CZ2013/000097 2013-08-19 2013-08-19 Chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique WO2015024538A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CZ2013/000097 WO2015024538A1 (fr) 2013-08-19 2013-08-19 Chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CZ2013/000097 WO2015024538A1 (fr) 2013-08-19 2013-08-19 Chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015024538A1 true WO2015024538A1 (fr) 2015-02-26

Family

ID=49488437

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CZ2013/000097 WO2015024538A1 (fr) 2013-08-19 2013-08-19 Chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2015024538A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101774953B1 (ko) 2015-05-19 2017-09-19 윤성구 펠렛 스팀 보일러용 화실통

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB387049A (en) * 1930-10-23 1933-02-02 Hubert Jezler Improvements in or relating to the firing of boilers and the like
US2827022A (en) * 1955-03-16 1958-03-18 Kohlenscheidungs Gmbh Radiant tubular boiler
GB815725A (en) * 1955-06-21 1959-07-01 Combustion Eng A method and apparatus for burning fuel and absorbing heat
FR2154347A1 (fr) 1971-09-27 1973-05-11 Leclercq Pierre
US4989549A (en) * 1988-10-11 1991-02-05 Donlee Technologies, Inc. Ultra-low NOx combustion apparatus
CZ281126B6 (cs) 1989-06-26 1996-06-12 Füllemann Patent Ag Topný kotel
CZ283457B6 (cs) 1996-06-27 1998-04-15 Jiří Ing. Csc. Mikoda Způsob modernizace uhelného roštového kotle
CZ294451B6 (cs) 1997-04-11 2005-01-12 Jones Philomena Joan Prostorové otopné těleso
CZ2007909A3 (cs) 2007-12-31 2009-07-08 Mikoda@Jirí Cirkulacní fluidní kotel na uhlí a biomasu

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB387049A (en) * 1930-10-23 1933-02-02 Hubert Jezler Improvements in or relating to the firing of boilers and the like
US2827022A (en) * 1955-03-16 1958-03-18 Kohlenscheidungs Gmbh Radiant tubular boiler
GB815725A (en) * 1955-06-21 1959-07-01 Combustion Eng A method and apparatus for burning fuel and absorbing heat
FR2154347A1 (fr) 1971-09-27 1973-05-11 Leclercq Pierre
US4989549A (en) * 1988-10-11 1991-02-05 Donlee Technologies, Inc. Ultra-low NOx combustion apparatus
CZ281126B6 (cs) 1989-06-26 1996-06-12 Füllemann Patent Ag Topný kotel
CZ283457B6 (cs) 1996-06-27 1998-04-15 Jiří Ing. Csc. Mikoda Způsob modernizace uhelného roštového kotle
CZ294451B6 (cs) 1997-04-11 2005-01-12 Jones Philomena Joan Prostorové otopné těleso
CZ2007909A3 (cs) 2007-12-31 2009-07-08 Mikoda@Jirí Cirkulacní fluidní kotel na uhlí a biomasu

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101774953B1 (ko) 2015-05-19 2017-09-19 윤성구 펠렛 스팀 보일러용 화실통

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7377107B2 (en) Cogeneration system
JP5135634B2 (ja) 復水技術におけるスターリングエンジンを備えた木製ペレット熱電併給装置
RU2561636C2 (ru) Камера сгорания, способ сжигания, устройство производства электроэнергии и способ производства электроэнергии на таком устройстве
RU2149312C1 (ru) Усовершенствования в сжигании и утилизации топливных газов
US7334542B2 (en) Compact high-efficiency boiler and method for producing steam
EA029299B1 (ru) Установка для сжигания топлива при высокой температуре и высоком давлении
RU97108170A (ru) Усовершенствования в сжигании и утилизации топливных газов
JP2008064370A (ja) 木質ペレット焚き蒸気ボイラ
RU2435102C1 (ru) Система утилизации мокрых углеродсодержащих отходов
KR101209022B1 (ko) 열회수율이 향상된 열회수시스템 및 이를 이용한 열병합 발전시스템
CN105571337B (zh) 采用生物质气化燃烧发电系统的节能工业窑炉
CN106402938B (zh) 一种洁净燃烧的民用采暖炉
RU169609U1 (ru) Установка для получения синтез-газа из водоугольного топлива
RU194770U1 (ru) Теплоэнергетическая установка для теплоснабжения горных выработок и помещений большого объема
WO2015024538A1 (fr) Chaudière de production de chaleur par circulation permettant une production combinée de chaleur, de vapeur et d'énergie électrique
US6261090B1 (en) Gas combustor and combustor system for combustion of smoke, off gases and other emissions
CN205388316U (zh) 蒸汽锅炉余热利用系统
CN205825433U (zh) 一种煤粉燃烧产生热气与水交换的燃烧机组
CN111288437A (zh) 用于固体金属粉末燃烧的多功能紧凑式燃烧装置及燃烧方法
WO2011156871A1 (fr) Ensemble de turbine à gaz à combustion indirecte
CN105465760B (zh) 一种生物质蒸汽发生器
RU51178U1 (ru) Водогрейная газотрубная установка для сжигания отходов растительного происхождения
CN210320276U (zh) 氢化炉的炉心机构
CN202938363U (zh) 组合式煤转气燃烧供暖炉
RU2349623C1 (ru) Пиролизер для пылевидного угля

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13783230

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 13783230

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1