WO2015024516A1 - 一种火花塞及使用该火花塞的内燃机的点火系统 - Google Patents
一种火花塞及使用该火花塞的内燃机的点火系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015024516A1 WO2015024516A1 PCT/CN2014/084840 CN2014084840W WO2015024516A1 WO 2015024516 A1 WO2015024516 A1 WO 2015024516A1 CN 2014084840 W CN2014084840 W CN 2014084840W WO 2015024516 A1 WO2015024516 A1 WO 2015024516A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spark plug
- guide part
- hole
- flow guide
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of ignition of internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a spark plug, and an ignition system for an internal combustion engine using the same. Background technique
- the internal combustion engine generates a power by mixing a liquid or gaseous fuel with air and directly inputting into a high-pressure combustion chamber inside the cylinder to generate a power. It is a heat engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy.
- the spark plug is mounted to the internal combustion engine for ignition of the mixed gas in the combustion chamber.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ignition system of an internal combustion engine in the prior art.
- the ignition system of the internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber 11, a fuel injector 12, and a spark plug 13.
- the combustion chamber 11 includes a cavity 111 having a cavity.
- the upper end of the cylinder 111 has a spark plug mounting passage 112 having an inner wall for mounting the spark plug 13 on the combustion chamber 11 and a spark plug mounting passage 112.
- a fuel injector mounting passage 114 is provided for mounting the fuel injector 12 on the combustion chamber 11.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a prior art spark plug 13.
- the spark plug 13 includes a center electrode 132, an insulator 134, a housing 136, and a ground electrode 138.
- the insulator 134 is a ceramic insulator having a shaft hole extending in the axial direction, and the center electrode 132 is inserted through a shaft hole penetrating the insulator 134.
- the housing 136 is disposed on the outer circumference of the insulator 134, and the surface of the housing 136 has a thread.
- the ground electrode 138 is connected to the end of the casing 136 and is bent to extend opposite to the center electrode 132 to form a gap of spark discharge with the center electrode 132.
- An ignition end portion is formed between the center electrode 132 and the ground electrode 138, and the ignition end portion generates an arc by the action of pulse electric power, thereby generating a mixed gas around the electrode by the spark to achieve the purpose of auto-ignition.
- the combustion chamber 11 is a circular or elliptical cylinder, and in order to generate a strong combustion effect, the ignition end formed by the center electrode of the spark plug 13 and the ground electrode is disposed in the cylinder 111 of the combustion chamber 11, that is, The spark plug 13 is twisted by the housing 136 with the screw mounting channel 112, and the housing 136 of the spark plug 13 fills the entire spark plug mounting passage 112 through which the spark plug 13 extends so that the ignition end projects out to the combustion chamber 11 inside the cylinder 111.
- the fuel injector 12 is disposed in the vicinity of the spark plug 13, and the nozzle of the fuel injector 12 is sprayed toward the ignition end side of the spark plug 13.
- the housing 136 of the spark plug 13 protrudes into the cylinder of the combustion chamber 11. Since the fuel injector 12 is disposed on one side of the spark plug 13, the housing 136 blocks a portion of the fuel from directly reaching the ignition end of the spark plug. Part, thus affecting the combustion efficiency; after long-term use, it usually forms incomplete carbon black stains on the casing of the fuel injector 12 side, that is, local carbon deposition caused by incomplete combustion, reducing combustion efficiency, affecting The output power of the engine. Moreover, since the working environment of the spark plug is extremely harsh, the center electrode 132 and the ground electrode 138 need to be ignited many times under high temperature and high pressure conditions in the combustion chamber 11, and deposits may occur on the electrode and cause corrosion thereof, resulting in the situation of the spark plug 13. deterioration. Summary of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a spark plug having high combustion efficiency.
- a spark plug comprising an insulator having a shaft hole extending in an axial direction; a center electrode inserted through a shaft hole of the insulator and exposing an end portion; a casing having a hollow column shape, the casing being sleeved on the surface of the insulator a flow guiding portion disposed at an open end of the casing facing the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, the flow guiding portion being a columnar body having a fire-breathing hole penetrating through the upper and lower bottom surfaces thereof, the side wall of which is provided with a guide in the axial direction a flow channel communicating with the fire injection hole; a ground electrode disposed on an inner wall of the housing or disposed on an inner wall of the fire injection hole of the flow guiding portion and having a spark discharge formed between the end portion of the center electrode The ignition end of the gap.
- the flow guiding portion further includes an air inlet hole disposed on the side wall and communicating with the flow guiding groove end portion of the flow guiding portion, and/or disposed on the flow guiding groove, the guiding flow channel passing through the air inlet hole The fire hole is connected.
- the flow guiding groove penetrates the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion, and communicates with the fire injection hole through the cavity of the casing.
- the flow guiding portion further includes a fire spout, and the fire spout is disposed at an end of the flow guiding portion facing the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine.
- the burner is connected to an end of the flow guiding portion through a stopper, and the stopper is provided with a through hole communicating with the fire injection hole of the flow guiding portion. And a through hole is formed in the side wall of the fire nozzle.
- the guide groove and the air inlet hole on the side wall of the flow guiding portion of the spark plug can guide the fuel into the spark plug, thereby avoiding part of the fuel remaining on the outside of the casing to form carbon black stain, and fully utilizing Fuel, improving fuel utilization.
- the center electrode of the spark plug is protected by the flow guiding portion, thereby avoiding the occurrence of deposits and causing corrosion thereof, thereby improving the service life thereof.
- the present invention also provides an ignition system for an internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber and a spark plug, the combustion chamber including a cavity of a cavity having a spark plug mounting passage on an inner wall of the cylinder; the spark plug being mounted on the spark plug On the channel.
- the spark plug comprises an insulator having a shaft hole extending in the axial direction; a center electrode inserted through the shaft hole of the insulator and exposing the end portion; and a casing having a hollow column shape, the casing being sleeved on the surface of the insulator a flow guiding portion disposed at an open end of the casing facing the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, the flow guiding portion being a columnar body having a fire-breathing hole penetrating through the upper and lower bottom surfaces thereof, the side wall of which is provided with a guide in the axial direction a flow channel communicating with the fire injection hole; a ground electrode disposed on an inner wall of the housing or disposed on an inner wall of the fire injection hole of the flow guiding portion and having a spark discharge formed between the end portion of the center electrode The ignition end of the gap.
- the ignition system of the internal combustion engine of the present invention avoids a part of fuel remaining outside the spark plug casing to form carbon black stains, and more fully utilizes fuel, thereby improving fuel utilization.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an ignition system of an internal combustion engine in the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a spark plug in the prior art.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first embodiment of a spark plug of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of the flow guiding portion shown in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 5 is a view showing the configuration of a flow guiding portion of a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a view showing the configuration of a flow guiding portion of a third embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a view showing the configuration of a flow guiding portion of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a spark plug of the invention of the present invention.
- the spark plug 20 includes a center electrode 21, an insulator 24, and a housing 26.
- the insulator 24 is a ceramic insulator having a shaft hole extending in the axial direction.
- the center electrode 21 is inserted through the shaft hole of the insulator 24 and exposes the end portion 211.
- the housing 26 has a hollow structure and is sleeved on the surface of the insulator 24.
- the housing 26 is provided with a flow guiding portion 28 facing the open end of the cylinder.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the flow guiding portion shown in FIG.
- the flow guiding portion 28 is a columnar body having a fire injection hole 282, a flow guiding groove 283, and an air inlet hole 284.
- the fire hole 282 is located at the central axis of the flow guiding portion 28 and penetrates the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion 28.
- the guide groove 283 is located on the side wall of the flow guiding portion 28 and has an arc shape in cross section. The number of the guide grooves 283 is not limited and can be set as needed.
- the air inlet hole 284 communicates with the end of the flow guiding groove 283 and penetrates the side wall of the flow guiding portion 28 such that the air guiding groove 283 communicates with the fire detecting hole 282 through the air inlet hole 284.
- the end portion 211 of the center electrode 21 extends into the fire hole 282 of the flow guiding portion 28, and the inner wall of the fire hole 282 serves as the ground electrode 22, and forms an ignition end portion having a gap of spark discharge with the center electrode 21.
- the flow guiding portion 28 is fixed to the casing 26 by a welding process.
- the outer surfaces of the center electrode 21 and the ground electrode 22 are plated with a precious metal such as sheet metal to improve the ignition performance.
- the nozzle of the fuel injector directly injects fuel against the spark plug 20, and the flow guiding groove 283 and the intake hole 284 on the side wall of the flow guiding portion of the spark plug can guide the fuel into the spark plug. It avoids the formation of carbon black stains on the outside of the casing due to part of the fuel residue, and more fully utilizes the fuel, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fuel.
- the mixed gas formed by the fuel and the air simultaneously fills the cylinder of the combustion chamber. Since the pressure in the cylinder is much larger than the pressure at the ignition end of the spark plug, the mixed gas is rapidly advanced to the spark plug and fills the periphery of the ignition end.
- the ignition end portion of the spark plug When the spark plug is ignited, the ignition end portion of the spark plug is filled with a mixed gas, and the mixed gas around the ignition electrode is discharged between the center electrode 21 and the ground electrode 22, and the gas is sprayed inside the fire hole.
- the gas is ignited and Rapid expansion, rapid pressure increase, which in turn pushes the spark to the cylinder.
- the air inlet hole can also accelerate the return of the mixed gas in the cylinder.
- the direction of gas recirculation is substantially perpendicular to the side wall of the flow guiding portion 28, so that the region near the gas inlet hole is the intersection of the lateral gas flow and the longitudinal gas flow, and is the place where the gas flow amount is the largest. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the end portion of the center electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the air inlet hole 284, and the position of the ignition end can achieve a rapid accumulation of the cylinder fuel at the time of ignition at the place where the gas flow amount is the largest and the fastest.
- an air intake hole may be further provided in the flow guiding groove 283 to increase the gas flow amount, thereby further increasing the gas return speed to improve the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
- the spark plug of the second embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment except that the structure of the flow guiding portion of the spark plug is different.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the flow guiding portion 38 of the second embodiment.
- the flow guiding portion 38 is a columnar body on which a fire injection hole 382 and a flow guiding groove 383 are provided.
- the fire hole 382 is circular and located at the central axis of the flow guiding portion 38 and penetrates the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion 38.
- the guide groove 383 is located on the side wall of the flow guiding portion 38 and penetrates the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion 38.
- the guiding groove 383 communicates with the fire hole 382 through the inner cavity of the casing.
- the guide groove 383 is an irregular polygon formed by straight cut stamping.
- the end of the center electrode extends into the fire hole 382 of the flow guiding portion 38, and the inner wall of the fire hole 382 serves as a ground electrode, and an ignition end portion having a gap of a spark discharge is formed with the center electrode.
- the flow guiding portion 38 is fixed to the casing by a welding process.
- the flow guiding groove in this embodiment not only serves to guide the fuel, but also functions as an air inlet hole, which directly communicates with the lower bottom surface of the flow guiding portion to increase the convection area of the gas, thereby further improving the gas.
- the speed of reflow increases the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
- the spark plug of the third embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment except that the structure of the flow guiding portion of the spark plug is different.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the flow guiding portion 48 of the third embodiment.
- the flow guiding portion 48 is a columnar body on which a fire injection hole 482, a flow guiding groove 483, and an air inlet hole 484 are provided.
- the flow guiding portion 48 is formed by subjecting the housing of the spark plug to a stamping process.
- the guide groove 383 is cut by the side wall of the flow guiding portion 38 and punched inward to form an inner groove, and the flow guiding groove 383 is inserted through the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion 38.
- the fire hole 482 is a concave curved surface and a guide by the flow guiding groove 483
- the side wall of the flow portion 48 is formed through the central axis of the flow guiding portion 48 and penetrates the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion 48.
- the flow guiding groove 383 communicates with the fire injection hole 382 through the inner cavity of the housing.
- the end of the center electrode is located in the casing 26, and the inner wall of the casing serves as a ground electrode, and an ignition end portion having a gap of spark discharge is formed with the center electrode. The ignition end is adjacent to the firing hole 482 of the flow guiding portion 48.
- a stamping process is adopted, and the flow guiding portion is directly formed by the casing of the spark plug, which can also improve the fuel utilization rate, avoid fuel deposition on the side wall, and ensure the gas flow in the spark plug, thereby ensuring gas backflow.
- the speed to improve the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved.
- an air inlet hole 484 is further provided in the flow guiding groove 483 to increase the communication area with the fire injection hole to increase the gas flow amount, thereby further increasing the gas return speed to improve the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
- the spark plug of the fourth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment except that the structure of the flow guiding portion of the spark plug is different.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the flow guiding portion 58 of the fourth embodiment.
- the flow guiding portion 58 is a columnar body provided with a burner 581, a fire hole 582, a guide groove 583, and an intake hole 584.
- the lance 581 is disposed at an end of the flow guiding portion 58 facing the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, and the outer diameter of the blast nozzle is smaller than the outer diameter of the flow guiding portion and is in the shape of a smoke S.
- the fire hole 582 is located at the central axis of the flow guiding portion 58 and penetrates the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion 58 and the burner 581.
- the guide groove 583 is located on the side wall of the flow guiding portion 58 and penetrates the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the flow guiding portion 58, and has a curved cross section.
- the air inlet 584 is located in the flow guiding groove 583. The guiding groove 583 communicates with the fire hole 582 through the inner cavity of the casing and the air inlet 584.
- the end of the center electrode of the spark plug extends into the fire hole 582 of the flow guiding portion 58, and the inner wall of the fire hole 582 serves as a ground electrode, and forms an ignition end portion having a gap of a spark discharge with the center electrode.
- the flow guiding portion 28 is fixed to the casing by a welding process.
- the outer surface of the center electrode and the ground electrode are plated with a precious metal such as sheet metal to improve the ignition performance.
- the burner 581 is connected to the end of the flow guiding portion via a stopper, and the stopper is provided with a through hole (not shown) communicating with the fire blasting hole of the flow guiding portion.
- a through hole may be formed in the side wall of the burner to further increase the speed of gas backflow exchange.
- the flow guiding portion of the present embodiment is more advantageous for improving the ignition efficiency of the internal combustion engine by providing the burner.
- the lance has a chimney effect in the spark plug, and the ignited spark is guided to the cylinder by the pressure difference, and the air flow at this time is the spark plug to the cylinder direction.
- the flow guiding groove of the flow guiding portion and the air inlet hole thereon, and the through hole in the wall of the nozzle wall can further accelerate the backflow of the mixed gas in the cylinder. Thereby, the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved.
- the present invention also provides an ignition system of an internal combustion engine using the spark plug.
- the ignition system of the internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber and a spark plug, the combustion chamber including a cavity of a cavity having a spark plug mounting passage on an inner wall of the cylinder, the spark plug being mounted on the spark plug mounting passage.
- the structure of the spark plug can adopt any one of the above embodiments 1 to 4.
- the structure of the spark plug will not be described here.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the present invention is also included in the scope of the claims and the equivalents of the present invention. Intended to include these changes and modifications.
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Abstract
一种火花塞（20），包括绝缘体（24），其具有沿轴线方向延伸的轴孔；中心电极（21），其插入贯穿该绝缘体（24）的轴孔并露出端部；壳体（26），其为中空柱状，该壳体（26）套设在该绝缘体（24）表面；导流部（28），其设置在该壳体（26）面向内燃机缸体的开口端，该导流部为柱状体，其中心具有一贯穿上下底面的喷火孔（282），其侧壁在轴向上设有导流槽（283），导流槽（283）与喷火孔（282）连通；接地电极（22），设置在壳体（26）的内壁上，或设置在导流部（28）的喷火孔（282）的内壁上，与中心电极（21）的端部之间形成具有火花放电的间隙的点火端部。
Description
一种火花塞及使用该火花塞的内燃机的点火系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机的点火领域， 尤其是涉及一种火花塞， 及使用该火花塞的内燃机 的点火系统。 背景技术
内燃机是将液体或气体燃料与空气混合后， 直接输入汽缸内部的高压燃烧室燃烧爆发产 生动力。 是将热能转化为机械能的一种热机。 火花塞是安装到内燃机上， 用于燃烧室内的混 合气体的打火。 请参阅图 1， 其是现有技术中的内燃机的点火系统的结构示意图。 该内燃机 的点火系统包括燃烧室 11、燃料喷射器 12和火花塞 13。该燃烧室 11包括一空腔的缸体 111， 缸体 111的上端具有一内壁为螺纹状的火花塞安装通道 112， 用以将火花塞 13安装在燃烧室 11上； 以及在火花塞安装通道 112附近具有一燃料喷射器安装通道 114， 用以将燃料喷射器 12安装在燃烧室 11上。 请同时参阅图 2， 其是现有技术火花塞 13的结构示意图。 该火花塞 13包括一中心电极 132、绝缘体 134、壳体 136和接地电极 138。该绝缘体 134为陶瓷绝缘体， 具有沿轴线方向延伸的轴孔， 该中心电极 132插入贯穿该绝缘体 134的轴孔。 该壳体 136设 置在该绝缘体 134的外周， 壳体 136的表面具有螺纹。 该接地电极 138与该壳体 136的端部 连接， 并弯曲延伸与中心电极 132相对， 与中心电极 132之间形成火花放电的间隙。 该中心 电极 132与接地电极 138之间形成点火端部， 该点火端部通过脉冲电力的作用产生电弧， 进 而产生电火花点燃电极周围的混合气体， 达到自动点火的目的。
通常， 该燃烧室 11为圆形或椭圆形缸体， 为了能产生强力燃烧效果， 会将火花塞 13的 中心电极与接地电极形成的点火端部设置在燃烧室 11的缸体 111内， 即该火花塞 13通过其 壳体 136与火花塞安装通道 112的螺纹扭合，火花塞 13的壳体 136填充了整个火花塞安装通 道 112， 火花塞 13穿过该火花塞安装通道 112使其点火端部伸出至燃烧室 11的缸体 111内。 为了增强点火系统的燃烧效率， 该燃料喷射器 12会设置在火花塞 13的附近， 该燃料喷射器 12的喷嘴对着该火花塞 13的点火端部一侧进行喷射。
但是， 通常火花塞 13的壳体 136会伸出部分至燃烧室 11的缸体内， 由于燃料喷射器 12 是设置在火花塞 13的一侧边， 壳体 136会阻挡部分燃料直接到达火花塞的点火端部， 从而影 响燃烧效率； 长期使用后， 通常会在燃料喷射器 12—侧的壳体上形成燃烧不完全的炭黑渍， 即燃烧不完全引起的局部积碳现象， 降低燃烧效率， 影响了发动机的输出功率。 并且， 由于 火花塞的工作环境极端恶劣，该中心电极 132和接地电极 138在燃烧室 11内高温高压条件下 需要点火无数次， 而该电极上会出现沉积物并导致其腐蚀， 导致火花塞 13的情况恶化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足， 提供一种燃烧效率高的火花塞。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种火花塞， 包括绝缘体， 其具有沿轴线方向延伸的轴孔； 中心电极， 其插入贯穿该绝 缘体的轴孔并露出端部； 壳体， 其为中空柱状， 该壳体套设在该绝缘体表面； 导流部， 其设 置在该壳体面向内燃机缸体的开口端， 该导流部为柱状体， 其中心具有一贯穿其上下底面的 喷火孔， 其侧壁在轴向上设有导流槽， 该导流槽与喷火孔连通； 接地电极， 其设置壳体的内 壁上， 或设置在导流部的喷火孔的内壁上， 与中心电极的端部之间形成具有火花放电的间隙 的点火端部。
进一步， 该导流部还包括进气孔， 其设置侧壁上并与导流部的导流槽端部连通， 和 /或设 置在导流槽上， 该导流槽通过该进气孔与喷火孔连通。
进一步， 该导流槽贯穿该导流部的上下底面， 并通过壳体的空腔与喷火孔连通。
进一步， 该导流部还包括一喷火嘴， 该喷火嘴设置在该导流部面向内燃机缸体的端部。 进一步， 该喷火嘴通过挡盖与导流部的端部连接， 该挡盖上设有与导流部的喷火孔连通 的通孔。 以及该喷火嘴的侧壁上设有通孔。
相对于现有技术， 该火花塞的导流部的侧壁上的导流槽和进气孔可引导该燃料进入火花 塞内， 避免了部分燃料残留在壳体外部形成炭黑渍， 更充分的利用燃料， 提高了燃料的利用 率。 以及， 该火花塞的中心电极通过导流部的保护， 避免了出现沉积物并导致其腐蚀的情况， 提高了其使用寿命。
此外， 本发明还提供了一种内燃机的点火系统， 其包括燃烧室和火花塞， 该燃烧室包括 一空腔的缸体， 在缸体的内壁上具有一火花塞安装通道； 该火花塞安装在该火花塞安装通道 上。 其中， 该火花塞包括绝缘体， 其具有沿轴线方向延伸的轴孔； 中心电极， 其插入贯穿该 绝缘体的轴孔并露出端部； 壳体， 其为中空柱状， 该壳体套设在该绝缘体表面； 导流部， 其 设置在该壳体面向内燃机缸体的开口端， 该导流部为柱状体， 其中心具有一贯穿其上下底面 的喷火孔， 其侧壁在轴向上设有导流槽， 该导流槽与喷火孔连通； 接地电极， 其设置壳体的 内壁上， 或设置在导流部的喷火孔的内壁上， 与中心电极的端部之间形成具有火花放电的间 隙的点火端部。
相对于现有技术， 本发明的内燃机的点火系统避免了部分燃料残留在火花塞壳体外部形 成炭黑渍， 更充分的利用燃料， 提高了燃料的利用率。
以下结合说明书附图对本发明的火花塞进行详细说明。
附图说明
图 1是现有技术中的内燃机的点火系统的结构示意图。
图 2是现有技术中火花塞的结构示意图。
图 3是本发明的火花塞的实施例 1结构示意图。
图 4是图 3所示导流部的立体结构示意图。
图 5是本发明的实施例 2的导流部的结构示意图。
图 6是本发明的实施例 3的导流部的结构示意图。
图 7是本发明的实施例 4的导流部的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
请参阅图 3， 其是本发明的发明的火花塞的实施例 1结构示意图。 该火花塞 20包括一中 心电极 21、绝缘体 24和壳体 26。该绝缘体 24为陶瓷绝缘体，其具有沿轴线方向延伸的轴孔。 该中心电极 21插入贯穿该绝缘体 24的轴孔并露出端部 211。 该壳体 26为中空结构， 套设在 该绝缘体 24的表面， 壳体 26面向缸体的开口端设置有一导流部 28。 请同时参阅图 4， 其是 图 3所示导流部的立体结构示意图。 该导流部 28为柱状体， 其上设置有喷火孔 282、 导流槽 283和进气孔 284。其中， 该喷火孔 282位于该导流部 28的中轴处， 并贯穿该导流部 28的上 下底面。该导流槽 283位于该导流部 28的侧壁上，其横截面为弧形。导流槽 283的数量不限， 可根据需要设置。 该进气孔 284与导流槽 283的末端连通， 并贯穿导流部 28的侧壁， 使得该 导流槽 283通过该进气孔 284与喷火孔 282连通。该中心电极 21的端部 211延伸至该导流部 28的喷火孔 282内， 该喷火孔 282的内壁作为接地电极 22， 与中心电极 21形成具有火花放 电的间隙的点火端部。该导流部 28是通过焊接工艺使其固定在壳体 26上。该中心电极 21和 接地电极 22的外表面均镀有一层贵金属， 如铱金， 以提高其点火的性能。
在内燃机的进气冲程时， 燃料喷射器的喷嘴直接对着该火花塞 20进行喷射燃料， 火花塞 的导流部的侧壁上的导流槽 283和进气孔 284可引导该燃料进入火花塞内， 避免了部分燃料 残留在壳体外部形成炭黑渍， 更充分的利用燃料， 提高了燃料的利用率。 另外， 燃料和空气 形成的混合气体同时充满燃烧室的缸体， 由于缸体内的压强远大于火花塞点火端部的压强， 混合气体被迅速推进至火花塞并充满点火端部周围。
而在火花塞的脉冲点火时， 该火花塞的喷火孔内的点火端部周围充满了混合气体， 该中 心电极 21和接地电极 22之间放电引燃电极周围的混合气体， 此时喷火孔内的气体被引燃并
迅速膨胀， 压力迅速增大， 进而推动火花向缸体方向释放。
进一步， 该进气孔还可以加速缸体内混合气体的回流。 气体回流的方向基本上是垂直于 导流部 28的侧壁的， 所以， 在进气孔附近的区域就是横向气流与纵向气流的交汇处， 是气体 流动量最大的地方。 因此， 作为本实施例的优选方式， 将中心电极的端部设置在进气孔 284 的附近， 在气体流动量最大最快地方， 使点火端的位置既能实现在点火时气缸燃料迅速大量 聚集在点火端， 又能在喷火时使点燃的气体火花迅速到达缸体， 实现了气体在火花塞腔体内 和燃烧室的缸体内的加速回流， 从而提高了内燃机的燃烧效率。 以及， 作为本实施例的优选 方式， 可进一步在导流槽 283 内设置进气孔， 以增加气体流动量， 从而进一步提高气体回流 的速度来提高内燃机的燃烧效率。
此外， 由于该火花塞的中心电极 21通过导流部的保护， 避免了出现沉积物并导致其腐蚀 的情况， 提高了其使用寿命。 实施例 2
本实施例 2的火花塞与实施例 1的大致相同，其区别仅在于火花塞的导流部的结构相异。 请参阅图 5， 其是本实施例 2的导流部 38的结构示意图。 该导流部 38为柱状体， 其上设置 有喷火孔 382和导流槽 383。 其中， 该喷火孔 382为圆形， 位于该导流部 38的中轴处， 并贯 穿该导流部 38的上下底面。该导流槽 383位于该导流部 38的侧壁上， 并贯穿该导流部 38的 上下底面， 该导流槽 383通过壳体的内腔与喷火孔 382连通。 到导流槽 383是通过直线切割 冲压形成的不规则多边形。该中心电极的端部延伸至该导流部 38的喷火孔 382内， 以该喷火 孔 382的内壁作为接地电极， 与中心电极形成具有火花放电的间隙的点火端部。 同样， 该导 流部 38是通过焊接工艺使其固定在壳体上。
该实施例中的导流槽既起到了对燃料进行导流的作用， 同时起着进气孔的作用， 其直接 与导流部的下底面连通以增加气体的对流面积， 从而进一步通过提高气体回流的速度来提高 内燃机的燃烧效率。 实施例 3
本实施例 3的火花塞与实施例 1的大致相同，其区别仅在于火花塞的导流部的结构相异。 请参阅图 6， 其是本实施例 3的导流部 48的结构示意图。 该导流部 48为柱状体， 其上设置 有喷火孔 482、 导流槽 483和进气孔 484。 该导流部 48是通过对火花塞的壳体进行冲压工艺 处理所形成的。 其中， 该导流槽 383由该导流部 38的侧壁进行切割并向内冲压形成内凹槽， 使该导流槽 383贯穿该导流部 38的上下底面。该喷火孔 482为由导流槽 483的内凹弧面及导
流部 48的侧壁所构成， 其贯穿该导流部 48的中轴处， 并贯穿该导流部 48的上下底面。 该导 流槽 383通过壳体的内腔与喷火孔 382连通。该中心电极的端部位于其壳体 26内， 以壳体的 内壁作为接地电极， 与中心电极形成具有火花放电的间隙的点火端部。 该点火端部接近该导 流部 48的喷火孔 482。
本实施例采用了冲压工艺， 直接利用火花塞的壳体本身形成导流部， 同样能达到提高燃 料利用率， 避免燃料沉积在侧壁上， 以及保证了火花塞内的气体流动量， 从而保证气体回流 的速度来提高内燃机的燃烧效率。 作为本实施例的优选方式， 进一步在导流槽 483内设置进 气孔 484来增加与喷火孔的连通面积， 以增加气体流动量， 从而进一步提高气体回流的速度 来提高内燃机的燃烧效率 实施例 4
本实施例 4的火花塞与实施例 1的大致相同，其区别仅在于火花塞的导流部的结构相异。 请参阅图 7， 其是本实施例 4的导流部 58的结构示意图。 该导流部 58为柱状体， 其上设置 有喷火嘴 581、 喷火孔 582、 导流槽 583和进气孔 584。 其中， 该喷火嘴 581设置在该导流部 58面向内燃机缸体的端部，且该喷火嘴的外径小于导流部的外径，为烟 S形状。该喷火孔 582 位于该导流部 58的中轴处， 并贯穿该导流部 58的上下底面及喷火嘴 581。 该导流槽 583位 于该导流部 58的侧壁上并贯穿该导流部 58的上下底面， 其横截面为弧形。 该进气孔 584位 于导流槽 583内， 该导流槽 583同时通过壳体的内腔及该进气孔 584与喷火孔 582连通。 火 花塞中心电极的端部延伸至该导流部 58的喷火孔 582内，该喷火孔 582的内壁作为接地电极， 与中心电极形成具有火花放电的间隙的点火端部。该导流部 28是通过焊接工艺使其固定在壳 体上。 该中心电极和接地电极的外表面均镀有一层贵金属， 如铱金， 以提高其点火的性能。
作为本实施例的改进方式， 该喷火嘴 581通过一挡盖与导流部的端部连接， 该挡盖上设 有与导流部的喷火孔连通的通孔（图未示）。 进一步， 该喷火嘴的侧壁上亦可设有通孔， 以进 一步增加气体回流交换的速度。
与实施例 1相比，本实施例的导流部通过设置喷火嘴更加有利于提高内燃机的点火效率。 喷火嘴在该火花塞中发挥着烟囱效应， 利用压差将点燃的火花导向缸体内， 此时的气流为火 花塞到缸体方向。 而导流部的导流槽及其上的进气孔， 以及喷火嘴管壁上的通孔可以进一步 加速缸体内混合气体的回流。 从而提高了内燃机的燃烧效率。 另外， 本发明还提供了使用该火花塞的内燃机的点火系统。 该内燃机的点火系统包括燃 烧室和火花塞， 该燃烧室包括一空腔的缸体， 在缸体的内壁上具有一火花塞安装通道， 该火 花塞安装在该火花塞安装通道上。 其中， 该火花塞的结构可采用上述实施例 1~4中的任意一
火花塞的结构， 在此不再赘述。 本发明并不局限于上述实施方式， 如果对发明的各种改动或变形不脱离本发明的精神和 范围， 倘若这些改动和变形属于本发明的权利要求和等同技术范围之内， 则本发明也意图包 含这些改动和变形。
Claims
1、 一种火花塞， 其特征在于， 包括
—绝缘体， 其具有沿轴线方向延伸的轴孔；
—中心电极， 其插入贯穿该绝缘体的轴孔并露出端部；
——壳体， 其为中空柱状， 该壳体套设在该绝缘体表面；
——导流部， 其设置在该壳体面向内燃机缸体的开口端， 该导流部为柱状体， 其中心具 有一贯穿其上下底面的喷火孔， 其侧壁在轴向上设有导流槽， 该导流槽与喷火孔连 通；
——接地电极， 其设置壳体的内壁上， 或设置在导流部的喷火孔的内壁上， 与中心电极 的端部之间形成具有火花放电的间隙的点火端部。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的火花塞， 其特征在于： 该导流部还包括进气孔， 其设置侧壁上并 与导流部的导流槽端部连通， 和 /或设置在导流槽上， 该导流槽通过该进气孔与喷火孔连 通。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的火花塞， 其特征在于： 该导流槽贯穿该导流部的上下底面， 并通 过壳体的空腔与喷火孔连通。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3中任一权利要求所述的火花塞，其特征在于：该导流部还包括一喷火嘴， 该喷火嘴设置在该导流部面向内燃机缸体的端部。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的火花塞， 其特征在于： 该喷火嘴通过挡盖与导流部的端部连接， 该挡盖上设有与导流部的喷火孔连通的通孔。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的火花塞， 其特征在于： 该喷火嘴的侧壁上设有通孔。
7、 根据权利要求 1-3中任一权利要求所述的火花塞，其特征在于：该导流槽的横截面为弧形， 或不规则多边形。
8、 一种内燃机的点火系统， 其特征在于： 包括燃烧室和火花塞， 该燃烧室包括一空腔的缸 体， 在缸体的内壁上具有一火花塞安装通道； 该火花塞安装在该火花塞安装通道上， 该火 花塞包括：
——绝缘体， 其具有沿轴线方向延伸的轴孔；
——中心电极， 其插入贯穿该绝缘体的轴孔并露出端部；
——壳体， 其为中空柱状， 该壳体套设在该绝缘体表面；
—导流部， 其设置在该壳体面向内燃机缸体的开口端， 该导流部为柱状体， 其中心具 有一贯穿其上下底面的喷火孔， 其侧壁在轴向上设有导流槽， 该导流槽与喷火孔连 通；
——接地电极， 其设置在导流部的喷火孔的内壁上， 与中心电极的端部之间形成具有火 花放电的间隙的点火端部。 、 根据权利要求 8所述的内燃机的点火系统， 其特征在于： 该导流部还包括进气孔， 其设 置在导流部的导流槽端部的侧壁上， 和 /或设置在导流槽上， 该导流槽通过该进气孔与喷 火孔连通。 、 根据权利要求 8所述的内燃机的点火系统， 其特征在于： 该导流槽贯穿该导流部的上下 底面， 并通过壳体的空腔与喷火孔连通。
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- 2013-10-12 WO PCT/CN2013/085119 patent/WO2015024292A1/zh active Application Filing
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- 2014-08-20 WO PCT/CN2014/084840 patent/WO2015024516A1/zh active Application Filing
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| CN201937165U (zh) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-08-17 | 李忠尧 | 一种弓型多点炫火侧电极火花塞 |
| CN102623896A (zh) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-01 | 张蝶儿 | 一种火花塞 |
| CN203119292U (zh) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-08-07 | 张蝶儿 | 一种火花塞 |
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| US11885900B2 (en) | 2019-01-10 | 2024-01-30 | Technische Universität München | Method and system for tracking a mobile device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN104426057B (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
| WO2015024292A1 (zh) | 2015-02-26 |
| CN104426057A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
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