WO2015018236A1 - 一种六自由度主动隔振装置 - Google Patents

一种六自由度主动隔振装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015018236A1
WO2015018236A1 PCT/CN2014/080358 CN2014080358W WO2015018236A1 WO 2015018236 A1 WO2015018236 A1 WO 2015018236A1 CN 2014080358 W CN2014080358 W CN 2014080358W WO 2015018236 A1 WO2015018236 A1 WO 2015018236A1
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Prior art keywords
air spring
vibration isolation
voice coil
coil motor
degree
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PCT/CN2014/080358
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈学东
李子龙
徐振高
武文山
李海
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F16F15/0232Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means with at least one gas spring

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-precision vibration reduction, and particularly relates to a six-degree-of-freedom active vibration isolation device.
  • the six-degree-of-freedom active vibration isolating device according to the present invention has vibration isolation and positioning functions, and can be used for vibration isolation of high-precision equipment such as a lithography machine, a precision machine tool, a precision measuring device, and an aerospace precision instrument.
  • the vibration isolation device can isolate the influence of ground and environmental vibration on precision equipment, provide a "quiet" working environment for vibration-sensitive equipment, and ensure the normal operation of precision equipment.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 101382178 (Publication No.) discloses an active vibration damping device and an active vibration damping system.
  • the patent document uses three or more active vibration damping devices to form a damping system supporting load.
  • the six-degree-of-freedom damping and vibration isolation of the load the main problem of this technology is that the damping system consists of multiple damping devices, which are bulky and costly.
  • a Chinese patent document CN 101398052 (Publication No.) discloses a heavy-duty precision damper and a vibration damping system thereof.
  • the patent document uses an air spring as a vertical passive vibration isolating component, and an inverted pendulum as a horizontal passive vibration isolating component.
  • the linear motor is used as the active actuator.
  • the main problem of this patent is that only the linear motor outputs active control force in the horizontal direction, so the main power in the horizontal direction is small, which limits the vibration isolation of the damping system in the horizontal direction. And positioning features.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,844,664 discloses a damper system which is composed of a plurality of dampers, each damper being composed of a combination of an air spring and a linear motor.
  • the vibration damping system consists of a plurality of dampers, which are bulky and cannot be used in applications where space such as aviation is limited, and the cost is also large.
  • the product AIS damping system disclosed by the German company Bürz http://www.bilz.ag/en) uses all-air spring isolation, which uses three or more dampers to form a damping system.
  • the single damper contains a vertical air spring and 4 horizontal air springs.
  • the system contains at least 15 air springs. This solution can provide a large horizontal output, but its structure is complicated and the cost is high. .
  • the invention provides a six-degree-of-freedom active vibration isolation device, which can effectively suppress low-frequency disturbance and high-frequency vibration isolation in six degrees of freedom, and has a six-degree-of-freedom precision positioning function.
  • the invention provides a six-degree-of-freedom active vibration isolating device, which is characterized in that the device comprises a lower platform, an upper platform and six legs; the six legs are respectively connected with the upper platform and the lower platform through the fixed block, forming a Shiduhua Parallel mechanism; an equilateral triangle is formed at the position of the three fixed blocks on the lower platform, and an equilateral triangle is also formed at the positions of the three fixed blocks on the upper platform, the six legs are identical in structure, and the adjacent two legs are perpendicular to each other;
  • Each leg includes an active actuator and an air spring, and the active actuator forms a parallel structure with the air spring, wherein the air spring acts as a passive vibration isolating component.
  • the leg comprises a lower flexible block, an air spring housing, an air inlet hole, a sealing film, a piston body, a pressure ring, a flexible disk, a load connecting plate, a non-contact displacement sensor, and an active execution , the speed sensor and the upper flexible block;
  • the lower flexible block is located at the lower part of the leg, the bottom of the air spring case is connected with the lower flexible block, and the air spring case is provided with the air inlet hole;
  • the pressure ring presses the sealing film against the air spring case
  • the inner ring of the sealing film is connected with the piston body;
  • an air spring is formed by the air spring casing, the sealing film, the piston body, the pressure ring and the air inlet hole;
  • the outer part of the flexible disk is connected with the pressure ring, and the center thereof Part of the connection with the piston body, the movement direction of the piston body can only be the length direction of the leg;
  • the lower part of the load connection plate is connected with the upper part of the piston body, the upper part of
  • the present invention employs an air spring as a passive vibration isolating member of the vibration isolating device. Due to the compressibility of the gas, the air spring has the advantage of low rigidity and can effectively attenuate vibrations higher than the frequency of the air spring. The larger the volume of the air spring, the smaller the relative change in volume and pressure due to vibration, the lower the stiffness that can be achieved, and the better the vibration isolation effect. The air spring is placed as far as possible into the entire leg space to enlarge the volume of the air spring, so that the vibration isolating device has a lower natural frequency.
  • the invention adopts an air spring to provide load bearing and low frequency passive vibration isolation function, and the six legs and the upper and lower platforms constitute a Stewart parallel mechanism, and the vibration isolation device can realize the functions of vibration isolation and positioning in six degrees of freedom.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects:
  • the proposed vibration isolation device consisting of six legs and upper and lower platforms can realize precise vibration reduction of six degrees of freedom, ultra low frequency and high attenuation.
  • the vibration isolation system formed by combining multiple isolators has compact structure and volume. Small, low cost, six-degree-of-freedom positioning;
  • the preferred technical solution uses a flexible disc as the guiding mechanism of the air spring piston body, so that the moving direction of the piston body can only be the longitudinal direction of the leg.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a six-degree-of-freedom active vibration isolating device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a leg
  • Figure 3 is one of the arrangements of the six-degree-of-freedom active vibration isolating device
  • Figure 4 is a layout diagram of the arrangement of the Stewart parallel mechanism; In the figure, 1 is the lower platform, 2 is the fixed block, 3 is the leg, 4 is the upper platform, 3.1 is the lower flexible block, 3.2 is the air spring case, 3.3 is the air inlet hole, 3.4 is the sealing film, 3.5 is the piston Body, 3.6 is pressure ring, 3.7 is flexible disc, 3.8 is load connection plate, 3.9 is non-contact displacement sensor, 3.10 is voice coil motor stator, 3.11 is voice coil motor mover, 3.12 is speed sensor, 3.13 is speed sensor Flexible block.
  • the overall structure of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the six-degree-of-freedom active vibration isolating device is composed of a lower platform 1, an upper platform 4, six fixed blocks 2, and six legs 3.
  • the six legs 3 are connected to the upper platform 1 and the lower platform 4 through the fixed block 2, respectively, which constitute a Stewart parallel mechanism.
  • the positions of the three fixed blocks 2 form an equilateral triangle on the lower platform 1, and the positions of the other three fixed blocks 2 form an equilateral triangle on the upper platform 4, the six legs 3 are identical in structure, and the adjacent legs are perpendicular to each other. This distribution gives the entire device excellent symmetry and stability. This arrangement can be illustrated by Figure 4.
  • the six sides AB, BC, CF, FE, EH, AH of the cube can be used as six legs, the vertices A, B, C, F, E, H as the ball hinge position of the Stewart parallel mechanism, the triangle ACE, the triangle BFH is Stewart parallel
  • the upper platform and lower platform of the organization When there is a load device on the upper platform 4, since the arrangement of the vibration isolation platform has symmetry, the six legs have the same supporting force.
  • the structure of the leg provided by the example of the present invention includes a lower flexible block 3.1, an air spring housing 3.2, an air inlet hole 3.3, a sealing film 3.4, a piston body 3.5, a pressure ring 3.6, a flexible disk 3.7, and a load.
  • the lower flexible block 3.1 is located at the lower part of the leg, and the flexible block has a large length in the length direction of the leg. Degree, and having lower stiffness in both bending directions, the flexible block acts as a ball hinge here to effect the movement of the Stewart parallel mechanism.
  • Conventional ball hinges have problems such as friction and clearance, which have an adverse effect on the precision vibration isolation.
  • the flexible block does not have the problem of friction and clearance.
  • the function of the ball hinge can be realized by a reasonable design.
  • the air spring housing 3.2 is connected to the lower flexible block 3.1, and the air spring housing 3.2 has an air inlet 3.3.
  • the pressure ring 3.6 presses the sealing film 3.4 against the upper surface of the air spring housing 3.2, and the inner ring of the sealing film is connected to the piston body 3.5.
  • the air spring housing 3.2, the sealing film 3.4, the piston body 3.5, the pressure ring 3.6 and the air inlet hole 3.3 together constitute an air spring, and the air spring acts as a passive vibration isolating component of the vibration isolating device.
  • the flexible disc 3.7 is connected to the pressure ring 3.6, and its central portion is connected to the piston body 3.5. The movement direction of the piston body can only be the length direction of the leg.
  • the flexible disc 3.7 has a low rigidity in the axial direction and a large rigidity in the radial direction. As shown in Fig. 5, the shape of the flexible disc 3.7 is spoke-shaped, and the design structure can satisfy the requirements of low axial rigidity and high radial rigidity.
  • the load connecting plate 3.8 is connected to the upper part of the piston body 3.5, and the upper part of the load connecting plate 3.8 is connected to the upper flexible block 3.13.
  • the non-contact displacement sensor 3.9 is attached to the pressure ring 3.6 to detect the displacement change of the load connecting plate 3.8.
  • the speed sensor 3.12 is attached to the load connection plate 3.8.
  • the active actuator is a voice coil motor composed of a voice coil motor stator 3.10 and a voice coil motor mover 3.11.
  • the voice coil motor stator 3.10 is fixed on the pressure ring 3.6, the voice coil motor mover 3.11 is fixed on the load connection plate 3.8, the voice coil motor mover 3.11 and the voice coil motor stator 3.10 fixed positions can be interchanged.
  • the active actuator can also be replaced by a main actuator such as piezoelectric ceramics or giant magnetostrictive.
  • a main actuator such as piezoelectric ceramics or giant magnetostrictive.
  • the non-contact displacement sensor 3.9 detects the load connecting plate 3.8 the telescopic displacement in the length direction of the leg, and the telescopic displacement of the six legs in the longitudinal direction is recorded as
  • the user is concerned with the displacement information of the upper platform 4, where it is necessary to convert the telescopic displacement of each leg into the upper platform 4 in six degrees of freedom through a sensor conversion matrix (three The coordinates of water and water rotation are ⁇ , ⁇ 2 , , ], and the calculation formula is as follows.
  • the displacement information of the upper platform 4 in six degrees of freedom can be known.
  • the position information of the upper platform 4 set by the user is on the six degrees of freedom of the upper platform 4, instead of setting the respective telescopic displacements of the six legs, which requires an inverse matrix to convert the set displacement to six legs.
  • the formula is as follows
  • the displacement of the six legs detected by the non-contact displacement sensor 3.9 is fed back to the precision pneumatic adjustment system, and the air spring is supplied or the exhaust gas is increased or the volume of the air spring is increased through the air inlet hole 3.3 to realize the vibration isolation device. Precision positioning.
  • Speed sensor 3.9 detects the absolute speed of each leg load connection plate 3.8 through sensing Transformer matrix, converted to the absolute speed of the six degrees of freedom of the upper platform, the feedback forms the motor control force signal on the six degrees of freedom of the upper platform, the control signal is the nominal control signal, and there is no upper six-degree-of-freedom motor
  • the control signal is converted to a voice coil motor of six legs by a force conversion matrix, and the calculation matrix is as follows.
  • the damping force generated by the voice coil motor on the six legs [ f p f 2 , f 3 , f 4 , f 5 , f 6 ] reduces the vibration of the six degrees of freedom of the upper platform and suppresses the amplitude of the vibration isolating device.
  • F x , F y , and F z respectively represent forces in the three directions of x, y, and z received by the upper platform 4, and M x , M y , and M z respectively represent the x, y of the upper platform 4; The turning moment of z.
  • the invention can effectively isolate the low-frequency vibration and realize the precise positioning of six degrees of freedom.
  • the invention has an important role in the fields of precision machining, precision measurement, optical experiment, aerospace and the like, which have special requirements for positional accuracy. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种六自由度主动隔振装置,包括下平台(1)、上平台(4)和六条支腿(3);六条支腿(3)分别通过固定块(2)与上平台(4)及下平台(1)连接,构成史都华并联机构;在下平台(1)上的三个固定块(2)的位置形成等边三角形,在上平台(4)上的三个固定块(2)的位置也形成等边三角形,六条支腿(3)结构相同,相邻的两支腿(3)互相垂直;各支腿(3)均包括主动执行器和空气弹簧,主动执行器与空气弹簧形成并联结构,其中空气弹簧作为被动隔振部件。本隔振装置采用主动和被动隔振组合方式,可实现超低频的固有频率,能对超过固有频率的振动进行有效的隔离;能够实现对六个自由度振动的良好衰减,实现六自由度的精确定位。

Description

一种六自由度主动隔振装置
【技术领域】
本发明属于超精密减振技术领域, 具体涉及一种六自由度主动隔振装 置。 本发明所涉及的六自由度主动隔振装置具有隔振和定位功能, 能够用 于光刻机、 精密机床、 精密测量设备和航空航天精密仪器等高精度设备的 隔振。
【背景技术】
随着科学技术的不断发展, 以 IC制造装备、 高分辨率电子显微镜、 表 面粗糙度测试仪和精密光学设备等为代表的精密制造设备、 精密测量设备 得到了越来越广泛的应用, 其对精度的要求越来越高。 作为实现高精度的 重要基础设备, 隔振装置能隔离地基和环境振动对精密设备的影响, 给振 动敏感的设备提供"安静"的工作环境, 保证精密设备的正常运行。
中国专利文献 CN 101382178 (公开号) 公开了一种主动减振隔振装置 及主动减振隔振系统, 该专利文献采用三个或多个主动减振隔振装置构成 减振系统支撑负载, 实现负载的六自由度减振与隔振, 该技术的主要问题 是减振系统由多个减振装置组成, 体积庞大、 成本高。
中国专利文献 CN 101398052 (公开号) 公开了一种重载精密减振器及 其构成的减振系统, 该专利文献采用空气弹簧作为垂向被动隔振部件, 倒 立摆作为水平向被动隔振部件, 直线电机作为主动执行器, 该专利的主要 问题是, 在水平方向上只有直线电机输出主动控制力, 因此在水平方向上 的主动力较小, 限制了减振系统在水平方向上的隔振和定位功能。
美国专利 US5844664 (公开号) 公开了一种减振系统, 该减振系统由 多个减振器组成, 每个减振器由空气弹簧和直线电机组合构成, 该专利文 献的主要问题是, 一个减振系统由多个减振器构成, 体积庞大, 无法应用 于航空等空间受限制的情况下, 其成本也较大。 德国比尔茨公司(http://www.bilz.ag/en)公开的产品 AIS减振系统采用 的是全空气弹簧隔振, 其采用三个或三个以上的减振器组成一个减振系统, 单个减振器中包含有一个垂向空气弹簧和 4个水平向空气弹簧, 一套系统 至少包含 15个空气弹簧,该方案能提供较大的水平向出力,但其结构复杂, 成本较高。
总之上述公开文献对于隔振有作用, 但体积较大, 不方便使用。
【发明内容】
本发明提供了一种六自由度主动隔振装置, 该隔振装置能在六自由度 上实现对低频扰动的有效抑制和高频振动的隔离, 而且具有六自由度精密 定位功能。
本发明提供的一种六自由度主动隔振装置, 其特征在于, 该装置包括 下平台、 上平台和六条支腿; 六条支腿分别通过固定块与上平台及下平台 连接, 构成史都华并联机构; 在下平台上的三个固定块的位置形成等边三 角形, 在上平台上的三个固定块的位置也形成等边三角形, 六条支腿结构 相同, 相邻的两支腿互相垂直; 各支腿均包括主动执行器和空气弹簧, 主 动执行器与空气弹簧形成并联结构, 其中空气弹簧作为被动隔振部件。
作为上述技术方案的改进, 所述支腿包括下柔性块、 空气弹簧壳体、 进气孔、 密封膜、 活塞体、 压环、 柔性圆片、 负载连接板、 非接触式位移 传感器、 主动执行器、 速度传感器和上柔性块; 下柔性块位于支腿下部, 空气弹簧壳体底部与下柔性块连接, 空气弹簧壳体开有进气孔; 压环将密 封膜压紧在空气弹簧壳体上表面上, 密封膜内圈与活塞体连接; 由空气弹 簧壳体、 密封膜、 活塞体、 压环及进气孔共同构成一个空气弹簧; 柔性圆 片外圆部分与压环连接, 其中心部分与活塞体连接, 活塞体的运动方向只 能为支腿的长度方向; 负载连接板下部与活塞体上部连接, 负载连接板的 上部与上柔性块连接; 非接触式位移传感器固定于压环上, 检测负载连接 板的位移变化; 速度传感器固定于负载连接板上; 主动执行器两端分别与 负载连接板和压环固定连接。
本发明采用空气弹簧作为隔振装置的被动隔振部件, 由于气体的可压 缩性, 空气弹簧具有低刚度的优点, 能对高于空气弹簧频率的振动进行有 效的衰减。 空气弹簧体积越大, 因振动引起的体积和压力的相对变化越小, 可以实现的刚度就越低, 隔振效果越好。 将空气弹簧尽可能的布置到整个 支腿空间中以扩大空气弹簧的体积, 使隔振装置具有较低的固有频率。
本发明采用空气弹簧提供承载和低频被动隔振功能, 六条支腿与上、 下平台组成 Stewart (史都华) 并联机构, 隔振装置能够在六个自由度上实 现隔振和定位的功能。
具体而言, 本发明具有以下的技术效果:
1 ) 采用主动和被动隔振组合方式, 可实现超低频的固有频率, 能对超 过固有频率的振动进行有效的隔离;
2)采用主动执行器与被动隔振部件并联的方式,实现精密定位的功能;
3 ) 提出的六支腿和上、 下平台组成的隔振装置可以实现六自由度、 超 低频、 高衰减的精密减振, 比多个隔振器组合形成的隔振系统具有结构紧 凑、 体积小、 成本低、 六自由度定位的优点;
4) 优选的技术方案采用无摩擦、 无间隙的柔性块实现球铰链的功能, 避免了球铰链的摩擦和间隙碰撞给精密隔振带来的不利影响;
5 ) 优选的的技术方案采用柔性圆片作为空气弹簧活塞体的导向机构, 使活塞体的运动方向只能为支腿的长度方向。
【附图说明】
图 1是本发明一种六自由度主动隔振装置的示意图;
图 2是支腿的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图;
图 3是六自由度主动隔振装置的布置形式之一;
图 4是 Stewart并联机构布置形式设计图; 图中, 1为下平台, 2为固定块, 3为支腿, 4为上平台, 3.1为下柔性 块, 3.2为空气弹簧壳体, 3.3为进气孔, 3.4为密封膜, 3.5为活塞体, 3.6 为压环, 3.7为柔性圆片, 3.8为负载连接板, 3.9为非接触式位移传感器, 3.10为音圈电机定子, 3.11为音圈电机动子, 3.12为速度传感器, 3.13为 上柔性块。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一歩说明。 在此需要说明 的是, 对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明, 但并不构成对本发 明的限定。 此外, 下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特 征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明整体结构如图 1所示, 六自由度主动隔振装置由下平台 1、上平 台 4、六个固定块 2和六条支腿 3组成。六条支腿 3分别通过固定块 2与上 平台 1、 下平台 4连接, 它们构成史都华(Stewart)并联机构。 三个固定块 2的位置在下平台 1上形成等边三角形,另外三个固定块 2的位置在上平台 4上形成等边三角形, 六条支腿 3结构完全相同, 相邻的两支腿互相垂直, 这种分布使整个装置具有很好的对称性和稳定性。此布置形式可以通过图 4 来说明。 正方体的六条边 AB、 BC、 CF、 FE、 EH、 AH可以作为六条支腿, 顶点 A、 B、 C、 F、 E、 H作为 Stewart并联机构的球铰链位置,三角形 ACE、 三角形 BFH为 Stewart并联机构的上平台、 下平台。 在上平台 4上有负载 设备时, 由于隔振平台的布置形式具有对称性, 所以六条支腿中具有相同 的支撑力。
如图 2所示, 本发明实例提供的支腿的结构包括下柔性块 3.1、 空气弹 簧壳体 3.2、 进气孔 3.3、 密封膜 3.4、 活塞体 3.5、 压环 3.6、 柔性圆片 3.7、 负载连接板 3.8、 非接触式位移传感器 3.9、 主动执行器、 速度传感器 3.12 和上柔性块 3.13。
下柔性块 3.1 位于支腿下部, 柔性块在支腿长度方向上具有很大的刚 度, 而在两个弯曲方向上具有较低的刚度, 柔性块在这里作为一种球铰链 实现 Stewart并联机构的运动。 传统的球铰链存在摩擦、 间隙等问题, 对精 密隔振会产生不利影响, 而柔性块不存在摩擦和间隙的问题, 通过合理的 设计可以实现球铰链的功能。
空气弹簧壳体 3.2底部与下柔性块 3.1连接, 空气弹簧壳体 3.2开有进 气孔 3.3。压环 3.6将密封膜 3.4压紧在空气弹簧壳体 3.2上表面上, 密封膜 内圈与活塞体 3.5连接。 由空气弹簧壳体 3.2、 密封膜 3.4、 活塞体 3.5、 压 环 3.6及进气孔 3.3共同构成一个空气弹簧, 空气弹簧作为隔振装置的被动 隔振部件。柔性圆片 3.7外圆部分与压环 3.6连接,其中心部分与活塞体 3.5 连接, 活塞体的运动方向只能为支腿的长度方向。柔性圆片 3.7在轴向上具 有低刚度、在径向上具有较大的刚度。 如图 5所示, 柔性圆片 3.7的形状为 轮辐形, 采用此种设计结构能够满足低轴向刚度和高径向刚度的要求。 负 载连接板 3.8下部与活塞体 3.5上部连接, 负载连接板 3.8的上部与上柔性 块 3.13连接。非接触式位移传感器 3.9固定于压环 3.6上,检测负载连接板 3.8的位移变化。 速度传感器 3.12固定于负载连接板 3.8上。 主动执行器为 由音圈电机定子 3.10、 音圈电机动子 3.11组成的音圈电机。 音圈电机定子 3.10固定于压环 3.6上, 音圈电机动子 3.11固定于负载连接板 3.8上, 音圈 电机动子 3.11和音圈电机定子 3.10的固定位置可以互换。 同时, 主动执行 器也可以采用压电陶瓷、 超磁致伸缩等主动作动器替换, 替换时, 将压电 陶瓷或磁致伸缩灯器件的两端分别与负载连接板 3.8和压环 3.6固定连接, 使主动执行器与空气弹簧形成并联结构。
六条支腿中, 非接触式位移传感器 3.9检测到负载连接板 3.8在支腿长 度方向上的伸缩位移, 六条支腿在长度方向上的伸缩位移记为
[qpq2,q3,q4,q5,q6]。用户关心的是上平台 4的位移信息,这里需要通过一个传 感器转换矩阵将每条支腿的伸缩位移转换为上平台 4在六个自由度上 (三 水 水转动) 的坐标为^, ^2, , ], 计算公式如下,
Figure imgf000008_0001
6L— _q6 通过以上公式, 可以知道上平台 4在六个自由度上的位移信息。 用户 设定的上平台 4的位置信息是在上平台 4的六自由度上的, 而非设置六条 支腿各自的伸缩位移, 这就需要一个逆矩阵来将设定的位移转换到六条支 腿伸缩位移上, 其计算公式如下
Figure imgf000008_0002
非接触式位移传感器 3.9 检测到的六条支腿的位移反馈给精密气动调 节系统,通过进气孔 3.3给空气弹簧供气或者排气增大或者减小空气弹簧的 体积, 实现对被隔振设备的精密定位。
速度传感器 3.9检测每条支腿负载连接板 3.8上的绝对速度, 通过传感 器转换矩阵, 转换为上平台的六自由度上的绝对速度, 反馈形成上平台六 自由度上的电机控制力信号, 该控制信号是名义上的控制信号, 并没有上 平台六自由度电机与之对应, 该控制信号需经过力转换矩阵转换到六条支 腿的音圈电机上, 计算矩阵如下,
Figure imgf000009_0001
六条支腿上的音圈电机产生的阻尼力 [ fp f2, f3, f4, f5, f6]降低了上平台六 自由度上的振动、 抑制了被隔振设备的振幅。 其中, Fx、 Fy、 Fz分别表示上 平台 4所受的 x, y, z三个方向的力, M x、 M y、 M z分别表示上平台 4所受 的绕 x, y, z的转动力矩。
本发明可以实现对低频振动的有效隔离, 并实现六个自由度精密定位, 对于精密加工、 精密测量、 光学实验、 航空航天等对位置精度有特殊要求 的领域而言, 该发明具有重要的作用。
以上所述为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 但本发明不应该局限于该实施 例和附图所公开的内容。 所以凡是不脱离本发明所公开的精神下完成的等 效或修改, 都落入本发明保护的范围。

Claims

& 利 要
1、一种六自由度主动隔振装置, 其特征在于, 该装置包括下平台(1)、 上平台 (4)和六条支腿(3); 六条支腿(3)分别通过固定块与上平台 (1) 及下平台 (4) 连接, 构成史都华并联机构; 在下平台 (1) 上的三个固定 块的位置形成等边三角形, 在上平台 (4) 上的三个固定块的位置也形成等 边三角形, 六条支腿 (3) 结构相同, 相邻的两支腿互相垂直, 各支腿 (3) 均包括主动执行器和空气弹簧, 主动执行器与空气弹簧形成并联结构, 其 中空气弹簧作为被动隔振部件。
2、 根据权利要求 (1) 所述的六自由度主动隔振装置, 其特征在于, 所述支腿 (3) 包括下柔性块 (3.1)、 空气弹簧壳体 (3.2)、 进气孔 (3.3)、 密封膜 (3.4)、 活塞体 (3.5)、 压环 (3.6)、 柔性圆片 (3.7)、 负载连接板
(3.8)、 非接触式位移传感器 (3.9)、 主动执行器、 速度传感器 (3.12) 和 上柔性块 (3.13);
下柔性块 (3.1) 位于支腿下部, 空气弹簧壳体 (3.2) 底部与下柔性块 (3.1) 连接, 空气弹簧壳体 (3.2) 开有进气孔 (3.3); 压环 (3.6) 将密封 膜(3.4)压紧在空气弹簧壳体(3.2)上表面上, 密封膜内圈与活塞体(3.5) 连接; 由空气弹簧壳体 (3.2)、 密封膜 (3.4)、 活塞体 (3.5)、 压环 (3.6) 及进气孔 (3.3) 共同构成一个空气弹簧; 柔性圆片 (3.7) 外圆部分与压环 (3.6)连接, 其中心部分与活塞体(3.5)连接, 活塞体(3.5) 的运动方向 只能为支腿的长度方向; 负载连接板(3.8)下部与活塞体(3.5)上部连接, 负载连接板 (3.8) 的上部与上柔性块 (3.13) 连接; 非接触式位移传感器
(3.9) 固定于压环(3.6) 上, 检测负载连接板(3.8) 的位移变化; 速度传 感器 (3.12) 固定于负载连接板 (3.8) 上; 主动执行器两端分别与负载连 接板 (3.8) 和压环 (3.6) 固定连接。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的六自由度主动隔振装置, 其特征在于, 柔性 圆片 (3.7) 的形状为轮辐形。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的六自由度主动隔振装置, 其特征在于, 主动 执行器为由音圈电机定子 (3.11)、 音圈电机动子 (3.11) 组成的音圈电机; 音圈电机定子 (3.11) 固定于压环 (3.6)上, 音圈电机动子 (3.11) 固定于 负载连接板 (3.8) 上。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的六自由度主动隔振装置, 其特征在于, 主动 执行器为由音圈电机定子(3.11)和音圈电机动子(3.11)组成的音圈电机; 音圈电机动子 (3.11) 固定于压环 (3.6)上, 音圈电机定子 (3.11) 固定于 负载连接板 (3.8) 上。
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