WO2015015735A1 - 溶接部の耐食性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼 - Google Patents
溶接部の耐食性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015015735A1 WO2015015735A1 PCT/JP2014/003767 JP2014003767W WO2015015735A1 WO 2015015735 A1 WO2015015735 A1 WO 2015015735A1 JP 2014003767 W JP2014003767 W JP 2014003767W WO 2015015735 A1 WO2015015735 A1 WO 2015015735A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel that is unlikely to deteriorate in corrosion resistance due to carbon and nitrogen entering a weld bead from a welding partner material or nitrogen entering from the atmosphere when welding is performed.
- Ferritic stainless steel can ensure corrosion resistance with a smaller amount of Ni than austenitic stainless steel. Since Ni is an expensive element, ferritic stainless steel can be manufactured at a lower cost than austenitic stainless steel. Ferritic stainless steel has excellent properties such as higher thermal conductivity, lower thermal expansion coefficient, and less stress corrosion cracking than austenitic stainless steel. For this reason, ferritic stainless steel has been applied to a wide range of applications such as automobile exhaust system members, building materials such as roofs and fittings, and watering materials such as kitchen equipment, water storage tanks and hot water storage tanks.
- austenitic stainless steel particularly SUS304 (18% Cr-8% Ni) (JIS G 4305), etc.
- ferritic stainless steel are often used in combination.
- TIG welding is generally used. Even in such a case, it is required that the welded portion has good corrosion resistance like the base material portion.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a steel in which the intergranular corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steel is improved by adding Ti and Nb in combination.
- Patent Document 2 discloses steel having improved intergranular corrosion resistance by adding Nb.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a ferritic stainless steel that does not require excessive addition of Ti or Nb and has excellent corrosion resistance of a welded portion.
- the present inventors diligently studied a technique that can suppress a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the welded portion more than before.
- the inventors systematically investigated the degree of sensitization allowed to obtain sufficient weld corrosion resistance using 16-20 wt% Cr steel.
- the grain boundary coverage of the ferrite phase by Cr carbonitride for the grain boundary coverage, refer to the measurement method of the example. It has been found that it becomes apparent.
- the inventors examined a method for reducing the grain boundary coverage of the ferrite phase with Cr carbonitride. As a result, it has been found that stabilizing the austenite phase by adding Mn and Cu, which are austenite-forming elements, is extremely effective in improving the corrosion resistance of welds.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- a ferritic stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance can be obtained even under welding conditions in which C and N enter the base metal from the welding counterpart.
- C 0.001 to 0.025%
- C is an element inevitably included.
- the content exceeds 0.025%, the workability is remarkably lowered, and the corrosion resistance is lowered (sensitization) due to local Cr deficiency due to precipitation of Cr carbide.
- the C content is in the range of 0.001 to 0.025%.
- the lower the amount of C the better from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance and workability, but extremely reducing the amount of C takes time for refining and is not preferable in production. Therefore, it is preferably in the range of 0.003 to 0.018%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.005 to 0.012%.
- Si 0.05-0.30%
- Si is an element effective for improving the corrosion resistance of the weld. In order to acquire this effect, 0.05% or more of content is required, and the effect increases as the content increases. However, if the Si content exceeds 0.30%, the formability and toughness of the welded portion are not preferred. Therefore, the Si content is set in the range of 0.05 to 0.30%. Preferably it is 0.05 to 0.25% of range. More preferably, it is 0.08 to 0.20% of range.
- Mn 0.35 to 2.0% Mn is a particularly important element in the present invention.
- Mn is an element effective as a deoxidizer and has an effect of stabilizing the austenite phase.
- C and N contained above the solid solubility limit of the ferrite phase have an austenite phase having a larger solid solubility limit than the ferrite phase.
- stabilizing in a solid solution state the effect of preventing sensitization due to the formation of Cr carbonitride is exhibited, and the corrosion resistance of the welded portion is improved. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to contain 0.35% or more of Mn.
- the amount of Mn is set in the range of 0.35 to 2.0%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.50 to 1.5%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.75 to 1.25%.
- P 0.05% or less
- the P content is 0.05% or less.
- S 0.01% or less S, like P, is an element inevitably contained in steel. Corrosion resistance is reduced by the inclusion of over 0.01%. Therefore, the S content is 0.01% or less. Preferably it is 0.008% or less.
- Al 0.05 to 0.80% Al, like Si, is an element that improves the corrosion resistance of the weld. Since Al has a stronger affinity for N than Cr, when N is mixed in the welded portion, N is precipitated as Al nitride instead of Cr nitride and has the effect of suppressing sensitization. Al is also an element useful for deoxidation in the steel making process. These effects can be obtained with a content of 0.05% or more. However, when Al is contained exceeding 0.80%, ferrite crystal grains become coarse, and workability and manufacturability deteriorate. Therefore, the Al content is set in the range of 0.05 to 0.80%. Preferably, it is 0.10 to 0.60% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.15 to 0.50%.
- N 0.001 to 0.025%
- N is an element inevitably contained in steel.
- the N content is high, the strength is improved, and as the N content is low, the workability is improved.
- the content of 0.001% or more is appropriate.
- the ductility is remarkably lowered and the corrosion resistance is reduced by promoting the precipitation of Cr nitride, which is not preferable. Therefore, the N content is set in the range of 0.001 to 0.025%.
- N is preferably as low as possible.
- the range of 0.003 to 0.025% is preferable. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.003 to 0.015%. More preferably, it is 0.003 to 0.010% of range.
- Cr 16.0-20.0% Cr is the most important element for ensuring the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. If the Cr content is less than 16.0%, sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained in the weld bead where the surface layer Cr decreases due to oxidation by welding and in the vicinity thereof. Further, sensitization due to N mixed from the welding partner material or the atmosphere during welding is further promoted, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 20.0%, the toughness and the descalability after annealing decrease, which is not preferable. Therefore, the Cr content is set in the range of 16.0% to 20.0%. Preferably, it is in the range of 16.5% to 19.0%. More preferably, it is in the range of 17.0 to 18.5%.
- Ti 0.12 to 0.50%
- Ti is an element that preferentially binds to C and N and suppresses a decrease in corrosion resistance due to sensitization due to precipitation of Cr carbonitride. This effect is obtained when the content is 0.12% or more. However, if the content exceeds 0.50%, coarse Ti carbonitrides are generated and cause surface defects, which is not preferable. Therefore, the Ti amount is set in the range of 0.12 to 0.50%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.15 to 0.40%. More preferably, it is 0.20 to 0.35% of range.
- Nb 0.002 to 0.050%
- Nb is an element that preferentially binds to C and N and suppresses a decrease in corrosion resistance due to sensitization due to precipitation of Cr carbonitride.
- Nb also has the effect of reducing the crystal grain size of the weld and improving the toughness and bendability of the weld. These effects are obtained when the content is 0.002% or more.
- Nb is also an element that raises the recrystallization temperature, and if it exceeds 0.050%, the annealing temperature necessary for recrystallization increases, so annealing in the annealing process using a high-speed cold-rolled sheet annealing line Is insufficient, and undesired grains and recrystallized grains coexist, resulting in a decrease in workability. Therefore, the Nb amount is set to a range of 0.002 to 0.050%. Preferably it is 0.010 to 0.045% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.015 to 0.040%.
- Cu 0.30 to 0.80%
- Cu is an element that improves the corrosion resistance, and is an element that is particularly effective for improving the corrosion resistance of the base material and the welded part when an aqueous solution or weakly acidic water droplets adhere.
- Cu is a strong austenite-forming element like Ni, and has the effect of suppressing the formation of ferrite phase in the weld and suppressing sensitization due to the precipitation of Cr carbonitride. These effects are obtained when the content is 0.30% or more.
- the Cu content is set in the range of 0.30 to 0.80%.
- it is 0.30 to 0.60% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.35 to 0.50%.
- Ni 0.05% or more and less than 0.50%
- Ni is an element that improves the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, and is an element that suppresses the progress of corrosion in a corrosive environment where a passive film cannot be formed and active dissolution occurs.
- Ni is a strong austenite generating element, and has the effect of suppressing ferrite formation at the weld and suppressing sensitization due to precipitation of Cr carbonitride. These effects are obtained when the content is 0.05% or more.
- the amount of Ni is made 0.05% or less and less than 0.50%.
- it is 0.10 to 0.30% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.15 to 0.25%.
- V 0.01 to 0.50%
- V is an element that improves corrosion resistance and workability, and has the effect of suppressing the formation of Cr nitride and reducing the sensitization of the welded portion by combining with N when N is mixed in the welded portion. This effect is obtained when the content is 0.01% or more. However, if the content exceeds 0.50%, workability is lowered, which is not preferable. Therefore, the V amount is in the range of 0.01 to 0.50%. Preferably it is 0.05 to 0.30% of range. More preferably, it is 0.08 to 0.20% of range.
- the element symbol in a formula means content (mass%) of each element.
- the right side of the formula (1) is 0.50 or less, the austenite phase is not sufficiently stabilized, and the austenite phase that only effectively fixes the solid solution C and solid solution N provided by the present invention in the weld zone. Cannot be generated. Therefore, the right side of the formula (1) is over 0.5. Preferably it is 0.60 or more. More preferably, it is 0.70 or more.
- the above are the basic chemical components of the present invention, and the balance consists of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the following elements may be contained for the purpose of suppressing the sensitization of the weld bead and improving the corrosion resistance.
- Zr 0.01 to 0.50%
- Zr has an effect of binding to C and N to suppress sensitization. This effect is obtained when the content is 0.01% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.50%, workability is lowered. Moreover, since Zr is an expensive element, excessive addition causes an increase in manufacturing cost, which is not preferable. Therefore, when Zr is contained, the content is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.50%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.10 to 0.35%.
- W 0.01-0.20% W, like Mo, has the effect of improving corrosion resistance. This effect is obtained when the content is 0.01% or more. However, if the content exceeds 0.20%, the strength increases, and the productivity decreases due to an increase in rolling load, etc., which is not preferable. Therefore, when it contains W, it is preferable to set it as 0.01 to 0.20% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 0.15%.
- REM 0.001 to 0.10% REM has an effect of improving oxidation resistance, and is effective in suppressing the formation of a Cr-deficient region directly under the weld temper collar by suppressing the formation of oxide scale. In order to acquire this effect, 0.001% or more needs to be contained. However, if the content exceeds 0.10%, productivity such as pickling properties is lowered. Moreover, since REM is an expensive element like Zr, excessive inclusion causes an increase in manufacturing cost, which is not preferable. Therefore, when it contains REM, it is preferable to set it as 0.001 to 0.10% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.010 to 0.08%.
- Co 0.01-0.20%
- Co is an element that improves toughness. This effect is obtained when the content is 0.01% or more. On the other hand, when it contains exceeding 0.20%, manufacturability will be reduced. Therefore, when Co is contained, the content is preferably 0.01 to 0.20%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 0.15%.
- B 0.0002 to 0.010%
- B is an element that improves secondary work brittleness, and the effect is obtained by the content of 0.0002% or more. However, when it exceeds 0.010%, it induces a decrease in ductility due to excessive solid solution strengthening. Therefore, when B is contained, the content is preferably in the range of 0.0002 to 0.010%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.0010 to 0.0075%.
- Sb 0.05 to 0.30% Sb, like Al, has an effect of capturing N mixed in from the atmosphere when the gas shield of TIG welding is insufficient, and is applied to a structure having a complicated shape that makes it difficult to perform sufficient gas shield. Is a particularly effective element. The effect is acquired by 0.05% or more of containing. However, when it contains exceeding 0.30%, a nonmetallic inclusion will produce
- Molten steel having the above component composition is melted by a known method such as a converter, electric furnace, vacuum melting furnace or the like, and a steel material (slab) is obtained by a continuous casting method or an ingot-bundling method.
- the slab is hot-rolled after heating at 1100 to 1250 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours, or directly hot-cast as cast without heating to form a hot-rolled sheet.
- hot-rolled sheets are annealed at 800 to 1100 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes. Depending on the application, the hot-rolled sheet annealing may be omitted.
- hot-rolled sheet pickling it is cold-rolled by cold rolling, and then subjected to recrystallization annealing and pickling to obtain a product.
- Cold rolling is desirably performed at a rolling reduction of 50% or more from the viewpoint of stretchability, bendability, press formability, and shape.
- the recrystallization annealing of cold-rolled sheets is generally performed according to JIS G 0203 surface finish, No.
- BA annealing (bright annealing) for finishing the member where the luster is desired.
- Stainless steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was melted in a 50 kg small vacuum melting furnace. These steel ingots were heated at 1150 ° C. for 1 hour and then hot rolled to form 3.5 mm thick hot rolled sheets. Next, these hot-rolled sheets were subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at 950 ° C. for 1 minute, and then subjected to shot blast treatment on the surface, and then immersed in a 20% by mass sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 15 seconds. The pickling was performed by dipping in a mixed acid composed of mass% nitric acid and 3 mass% hydrofluoric acid at a temperature of 55 ° C. for 60 seconds, and descaling was performed.
- the cold-rolled annealed sheet was descaled by electrolytic pickling in a mixed acid solution consisting of a temperature of 50 ° C., 15% by mass nitric acid and 0.5% by mass hydrochloric acid to obtain a cold-rolled pickled annealed sheet. .
- Table 1-1 and Table 1-2 are a series of continuous tables.
- Thickness 0 of manufactured cold rolled sheet and commercially available austenitic stainless steel SUS304 (C: 0.07 mass%, N: 0.05 mass%, Cr: 18.2 mass%, Ni: 8.2 mass%) .8mm cold rolled plate, Butt TIG welding was performed (cold rolled sheet of the present invention: base material, welding partner material: SUS304).
- the welding current was 90 A, the welding speed was 60 cm / min, and Ar gas containing 8 vol% nitrogen and 2 vol% oxygen was used at 15 L / min as the shielding gas.
- the width of the obtained front-side weld bead was about 3 mm.
- test piece including the produced weld bead was collected and the following test was performed.
- the pitting corrosion potential of the base material 150 mV or more, and the pitting corrosion potential of the welded portion: 0 mV or more was regarded as acceptable.
- Neutral salt spray cycle test A 100 mm square test piece including a weld bead was taken from the welded test piece, and the surface was polished with # 600 emery paper, and then a test piece with a sealed end face was prepared. The sample was subjected to a neutral salt spray cycle test specified in 8502. Neutral salt spray cycle test: 5% by weight NaCl solution spray (35 ° C., 2 h) ⁇ dry (60 ° C., 4 h, relative humidity 20-30%) ⁇ moistness (40 ° C., 2 h, relative humidity 95% The above is one cycle. The case where there was no occurrence of corrosion from the base metal or the welded part after 15 cycles was regarded as acceptable.
- the predetermined base metal and welded portion corrosion resistance were obtained, the ductility decreased due to the hardened steel sheet, and the predetermined mechanical properties could not be obtained.
- the content of the austenite stabilizing element is less than the range of the formula (1).
- predetermined base metal corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were obtained.
- the pitting corrosion potential of the predetermined weld bead and the corrosion resistance of the weld were not obtained.
- No. Examination of the cross-sectional structure of the welds 27 to 30 confirmed that an extremely large amount of Cr carbonitride was precipitated at the ferrite phase grain boundary with a grain boundary coverage of 50% or more.
- the ferritic stainless steel obtained in the present invention is suitable for applications in which structures are produced by welding, for example, automotive exhaust materials such as mufflers, building materials such as fittings, ventilation openings, ducts, etc. is there.
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Abstract
Description
0.50<25×C+18×N+Ni+0.11×Mn+0.46×Cu (1)
なお、式中の元素記号は各元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。
0.50<25×C+18×N+Ni+0.11×Mn+0.46×Cu (1)
なお、式中の元素記号は各元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。
はじめに、本発明の鋼の成分組成を規定した理由を説明する。なお、成分%はすべて質量%を意味する。
Cは不可避的に含まれる元素である。C量が高いほど強度が向上し、少ないほど加工性が向上する。十分な強度を得るためには0.001%以上の含有が必要である。しかしながら、0.025%を超えて含有すると加工性の低下が顕著となるうえ、Cr炭化物の析出による局所的なCr欠乏に起因した耐食性の低下(鋭敏化)が生じやすくなる。そのため、C量は0.001~0.025%の範囲とする。ただし、C量が低いほど耐食性および加工性の観点では好ましいものの、C量を極度に低下させることは精錬に時間がかかり、製造上好ましくない。このため、好ましくは0.003~0.018%の範囲である。より好ましくは0.005~0.012%の範囲である。
Siは溶接部の耐食性の向上に有効な元素である。この効果を得るためには0.05%以上の含有が必要であり、含有量が多いほどその効果は大きくなる。しかし、Si含有量が0.30%を超えると溶接部の成形性や靭性が低下するため好ましくない。そのため、Si量は0.05~0.30%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.05~0.25%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.08~0.20%の範囲である。
Mnは本発明において特に重要な元素である。Mnは脱酸剤として有効な元素であるとともに、オーステナイト相を安定化する効果を有する。所定量のMnを含有させることにより、溶接時のフェライト相の生成を抑制することができ、フェライト相の固溶限以上に含まれたCおよびNをフェライト相よりも固溶限が大きいオーステナイト相中に固溶させた状態で安定化することにより、Cr炭窒化物の生成による鋭敏化を防止する効果が発現し、溶接部の耐食性が向上する。これらの効果を得るためには0.35%以上のMnを含有する必要がある。しかし、Mn含有量が2.0%を超えると、母材が過度に硬質化し延性が低下するとともに、溶接部においては、溶接部の硬質化による靭性の低下が生じるため好ましくない。そのため、Mn量は0.35~2.0%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.50~1.5%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.75~1.25%の範囲である。
Pは鋼に不可避的に含まれる元素であり、過剰な含有は溶接性を低下させ、粒界腐食を生じやすくさせる。この傾向は0.05%超の含有で顕著となる。そのため、P量は0.05%以下とする。好ましくは0.03%以下である。
SもPと同様に鋼に不可避的に含まれる元素であり、0.01%超の含有によって耐食性が低下する。そのため、S量は0.01%以下とする。好ましくは0.008%以下である。
AlもSiと同様に溶接部の耐食性を向上させる元素である。AlはNとの親和力がCrよりも強いため、溶接部にNが混入した場合に、NをCr窒化物ではなくAl窒化物として析出させ、鋭敏化を抑制する効果がある。また、Alは製鋼工程における脱酸に有用な元素でもある。これらの効果は0.05%以上の含有で得られる。しかし、0.80%を超えてAlを含有すると、フェライト結晶粒が粗大化し、加工性や製造性が低下する。そのため、Al量は0.05~0.80%の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.10~0.60%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.15~0.50%の範囲である。
NはCと同様に鋼中に不可避的に含まれる元素である。N含有量が高いと強度が向上し、少ないほど加工性が向上する。十分な強度を得るためには0.001%以上の含有が適当である。しかしながら、含有量が0.025%を超えると延性が顕著に低下する上、Cr窒化物の析出を助長することによる耐食性の低下が生じるため好ましくない。そのため、N量は0.001~0.025%の範囲とする。耐食性の観点からNは低いほど好ましい。しかしながら、N量を低減するには精錬時間を増加させる必要があり、製造性の低下を招く。このため、0.003~0.025%の範囲とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.003~0.015%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.003~0.010%の範囲である。
Crはステンレス鋼の耐食性を確保するために最も重要な元素である。Cr含有量が16.0%未満では、溶接による酸化で表層のCrが減少する溶接ビードやその周辺において十分な耐食性が得られない。また、溶接の際に溶接相手材あるいは大気から混入するNに起因する鋭敏化が一層助長されるため好ましくない。一方、Cr含有量が20.0%を超えると、靭性の低下や焼鈍後の脱スケール性が低下するため好ましくない。そのため、Cr量は16.0%~20.0%の範囲とする。好ましくは、16.5%~19.0%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは17.0~18.5%の範囲である。
TiはCおよびNと優先的に結合してCr炭窒化物の析出による鋭敏化に起因した耐食性の低下を抑制する元素である。この効果は、0.12%以上の含有によって得られる。しかし、含有量が0.50%を超えると、粗大なTi炭窒化物が生成し、表面欠陥を引き起こすため好ましくない。そのため、Ti量は0.12~0.50%の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.15~0.40%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.20~0.35%の範囲である。
NbはCおよびNと優先的に結合してCr炭窒化物の析出による鋭敏化に起因した耐食性の低下を抑制する元素である。また、Nbは溶接部の結晶粒径を微細化させ、溶接部の靭性および曲げ性を向上させる効果もある。これらの効果は、0.002%以上の含有で得られる。一方、Nbは再結晶温度を上昇させる元素でもあり、0.050%を超えて含有すると、再結晶に必要な焼鈍温度が高温化するため、高速冷延板焼鈍ラインを用いた焼鈍工程において焼鈍が不十分となり、未再結晶粒と再結晶粒が混在することによる加工性の低下が生じるため好ましくない。そのため、Nb量は0.002~0.050%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.010~0.045%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.015~0.040%の範囲である。
Cuは耐食性を向上させる元素であり、水溶液中や弱酸性の水滴が付着した場合の母材および溶接部の耐食性を向上させるのに特に有効な元素である。また、CuはNiと同様に強いオーステナイト生成元素であり、溶接部でのフェライト相の生成を抑制し、Cr炭窒化物の析出による鋭敏化を抑制する効果がある。これらの効果は0.30%以上の含有で得られる。一方、0.80%を超えてCuを含有すると、熱間加工性が低下するため好ましくない。そのため、Cu量は0.30~0.80%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.30~0.60%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.35~0.50%の範囲である。
Niはステンレス鋼の耐食性を向上させる元素であり、不動態皮膜が形成できず活性溶解が生じる腐食環境において腐食の進行を抑制する元素である。また、Niは強いオーステナイト生成元素であり、溶接部でのフェライト生成を抑制し、Cr炭窒化物の析出による鋭敏化を抑制する効果がある。これらの効果は0.05%以上の含有によって得られる。しかし、Niを0.50%以上含有すると、加工性が低下することに加えて、応力腐食割れ感受性が強くなる。さらには、Niは高価な元素であるため、製造コストの増大を招くため好ましくない。そのため、Ni量は0.05%以下0.50%未満の範囲とする。好ましくは0.10~0.30%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.15~0.25%の範囲である。
Vは耐食性や加工性を向上させる元素であり、溶接部にNが混入した場合にNと結合することによってCr窒化物の生成を抑制し、溶接部の鋭敏化を低減する効果を有する。この効果は0.01%以上の含有によって得られる。しかし、含有量が0.50%を超えると加工性が低下するため好ましくない。そのため、V量は0.01~0.50%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.05~0.30%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.08~0.20%の範囲である。
なお、式中の元素記号は各元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。
ZrはCおよびNと結合して鋭敏化を抑制する効果がある。この効果は0.01%以上の含有により得られる。しかしながら、0.50%を超えて含有すると加工性が低下する。また、Zrは高価な元素であるため、過度な添加は製造コストの増加を招くため好ましくない。そのため、Zrを含有する場合は0.01~0.50%の範囲とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、0.10~0.35%の範囲である。
WはMoと同様に耐食性を向上させる効果がある。この効果は0.01%以上の含有により得られる。しかしながら、0.20%を超えて含有すると強度が上昇し、圧延荷重の増大等による製造性の低下を招くため好ましくない。そのため、Wを含有する場合は0.01~0.20%の範囲とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、0.05~0.15%の範囲である。
REMは耐酸化性を向上させる効果があり、酸化スケールの形成の抑制による、溶接テンパーカラー直下におけるCr欠乏領域の形成の抑制に有効である。この効果を得るためには0.001%以上の含有が必要である。しかしながら、0.10%を超えて含有すると酸洗性などの製造性を低下させる。また、REMはZrと同様に高価な元素であるため、過度な含有は製造コストの増加を招くため好ましくない。そのため、REMを含有する場合は0.001~0.10%の範囲とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、0.010~0.08%の範囲である。
Coは靭性を向上させる元素である。この効果は0.01%以上の含有によって得られる。一方、0.20%を超えて含有すると製造性を低下させる。そのため、Coを含有する場合は0.01~0.20%の範囲とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、0.05~0.15%の範囲である。
Bは二次加工脆性を改善する元素であり、その効果は0.0002%以上の含有によって得られる。しかし、0.010%を超えて含有すると、過度な固溶強化による延性の低下を誘引する。そのため、Bを含有する場合は0.0002~0.010%の範囲とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、0.0010~0.0075%の範囲である。
SbはAlと同じく、TIG溶接のガスシールドが不十分な場合に、大気から混入するNを捕らえる効果があり、十分なガスシールドを行うことが困難な複雑形状を有する構造体に適用する場合に、特に有効な元素である。その効果は0.05%以上の含有により得られる。しかしながら、0.30%を超えて含有すると、製鋼工程において非金属介在物が生成し、表面性状が悪化する。また、熱延板の靭性を悪化させる。そのため、Sbを含有する場合は、0.05~0.30%の範囲とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.05~0.15%の範囲である。
次に、本発明鋼の好適製造方法について説明する。上記した成分組成の溶鋼を、転炉、電気炉、真空溶解炉等の公知の方法で溶製し、連続鋳造法あるいは造塊-分塊法により鋼素材(スラブ)とする。このスラブを、1100~1250℃で1~24時間加熱後に熱間圧延するか、あるいは加熱することなく鋳造のまま直接、熱間圧延して熱延板とする。
突合せTIG溶接(butt TIG welding)を行った(本発明の冷延板:母材、溶接相手材:SUS304)。溶接電流は90A、溶接速度は60cm/minとし、シールドガスには8vol%の窒素、2vol%の酸素を含有するArガスを15L/minで使用した。得られた表側の溶接ビードの幅はおよそ3mmであった。
冷延焼鈍後の試験片、および溶接後の試験片から20mm角の試験片を採取し、10mm角の測定面を残してシール材で被覆した試験片を作製した。溶接後の試験片については溶接ビードを含むように試験片を採取し、溶接によるテンパーカラー(酸化皮膜)を残したままとした。これらの試験片について、30℃の3.5質量%NaCl溶液中で母材および溶接部の孔食電位を測定した。測定に際して、試験片の研磨や不動態化処理を行わなかったが、それ以外の測定方法はJIS G 0577(2005)に準拠した。
溶接後の試験片から、溶接ビードを含む100mm角の試験片を採取し、表面を#600エメリーペーパーにより研磨仕上げした後に端面部をシールした試験片を作製し、JIS H 8502に規定された中性塩水噴霧サイクル試験に供した。中性塩水噴霧サイクル試験は、5質量%NaCl溶液噴霧(35℃、2h)→乾燥(60℃、4h、相対湿度20~30%)→湿潤(moistness)(40℃、2h、相対湿度95%以上)が1サイクルである。これを15サイクル実施後に母材あるいは溶接部からの腐食の発生がない場合を合格とした。
溶接した試験片の溶接ビードの直角方向に金属組織観察用試験片を採取し、鏡面研磨後、ピクリン酸塩酸水溶液によるエッチングにより金属組織および析出物を現出させ、走査型電子顕微鏡およびエネルギー分散型X線分光法を用いた組織観察および析出物の相同定を行い、溶接ビード部のフェライト相のCr炭窒化物による粒界被覆率を測定した。
作製した冷延焼鈍板から、圧延方向と平行にJIS 13B号引張試験片を採取し、引張試験をJIS Z2241に準拠して行い、破断伸びを測定した。
冷延焼鈍後、脱スケールした鋼板表面を肉眼で観察し、脱スケール不良および線状疵等の表面欠陥がないか確認した。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、C:0.001~0.025%、Si:0.05~0.30%、Mn:0.35~2.0%、P:0.05%以下、S:0.01%以下、Al:0.05~0.80%、N:0.001~0.025%、Cr:16.0~20.0%、Ti:0.12~0.50%、Nb:0.002~0.050%、Cu:0.30~0.80%、Ni:0.05%以上0.50%未満、V:0.01~0.50%を含有し、かつ下記式(1)を満たし、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物からなることを特徴とするフェライト系ステンレス鋼。
0.50<25×C+18×N+Ni+0.11×Mn+0.46×Cu (1)
なお、式中の元素記号は各元素の含有量(質量%)を意味する。 - 更に、質量%で、Zr:0.01~0.50%、W:0.01~0.20%、REM:0.001~0.10%、Co:0.01~0.20%、B:0.0002~0.010%、Sb:0.05~0.30%の中から選ばれる1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のフェライト系ステンレス鋼。
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| JP5737952B2 (ja) | 2011-01-05 | 2015-06-17 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Nb含有フェライト系ステンレス鋼熱延コイルおよび製造法 |
| CN103975086B (zh) * | 2011-11-30 | 2016-06-22 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 铁素体系不锈钢 |
-
2014
- 2014-07-16 CN CN201480041182.5A patent/CN105408511B/zh active Active
- 2014-07-16 MY MYPI2016700273A patent/MY160981A/en unknown
- 2014-07-16 JP JP2014553008A patent/JP5700182B1/ja active Active
- 2014-07-16 WO PCT/JP2014/003767 patent/WO2015015735A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2014-07-16 KR KR1020157036796A patent/KR101809812B1/ko active Active
- 2014-07-16 US US14/908,176 patent/US20160168673A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-07-28 TW TW103125665A patent/TWI526547B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001003143A (ja) * | 1999-06-22 | 2001-01-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | 加工性と表面性状に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2002332548A (ja) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-22 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 成形加工時の形状凍結性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼帯およびその製造方法 |
| JP2007092163A (ja) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-04-12 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 自動車用排ガス流路部材 |
| JP2007217716A (ja) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-30 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | スピニング加工用フェライト系ステンレス鋼溶接管およびその製造法 |
| JP2008138270A (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-19 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp | 加工性に優れた高強度ステンレス鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2013136736A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | フェライト系ステンレス鋼 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160168673A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
| JP5700182B1 (ja) | 2015-04-15 |
| CN105408511A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
| KR20160014685A (ko) | 2016-02-11 |
| TWI526547B (zh) | 2016-03-21 |
| JPWO2015015735A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
| KR101809812B1 (ko) | 2017-12-15 |
| CN105408511B (zh) | 2018-09-07 |
| TW201512425A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
| MY160981A (en) | 2017-03-31 |
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