WO2015012623A1 - Fpso의 gtl 생산 공정 및 시스템 - Google Patents
Fpso의 gtl 생산 공정 및 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015012623A1 WO2015012623A1 PCT/KR2014/006771 KR2014006771W WO2015012623A1 WO 2015012623 A1 WO2015012623 A1 WO 2015012623A1 KR 2014006771 W KR2014006771 W KR 2014006771W WO 2015012623 A1 WO2015012623 A1 WO 2015012623A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a GTL production process and system for FPSO, comprising the steps of reforming a pretreated natural gas, a synthesis step of producing liquid hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas produced in the reforming step, and a hydrofinishing of liquid hydrocarbons.
- Production processes and systems that produce GTL through grading, as well as GTL production processes and systems on FPSO that can eliminate additional air separation units (ASUs) to free up deck space and reduce costs. It is about.
- ASUs air separation units
- Representative hydrocarbon materials that can meet such demands include rich reserves of coal and natural gas, and eco-friendly alternative hydrocarbon sources such as biomass or waste in terms of CO 2 reduction for global warming. From these alternative hydrocarbon sources, transport oils such as gasoline and diesel, and chemicals such as alcohols, waxes, lube base oils and olefins can be produced by indirect liquefaction of coal (CTL, Coal-to-Liquid) and natural gas. Synthetic oil production (GTL) and biomass-to-Liquid processes are well known.
- Gas To Liquid refers to a technology and a product for processing natural gas to produce liquid synthetic oil.
- GTL Gas To Liquid
- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis a key process for GTL technology, began in 1923 when German chemists Fischer and Tropsch developed a technique for producing synthetic fuel from syngas from coal gasification.
- the GTL process consists of three main stages: reforming of natural gas, synthesis of F-T of synthesis gas, and reforming of product.
- the reforming reaction step of generating synthesis gas from natural gas is performed through the reforming reaction of methane, which is a main component of natural gas, and the reforming reaction method is typically a steam reforming method, a partial oxidation method, an autothermal oxidation method, and a steam carbon dioxide reforming method. (See Table 1)
- the synthesis gas produced through the reforming reaction generates linear paraffinic hydrocarbons through FT synthesis reaction, where the FT reactor is a fixed bed ⁇ a circulating fluid bed ⁇ a fixed fluid bed ⁇ a slurry ( slurries).
- the F-T synthesis reaction consists of four main reactions:
- the high boiling wax product produced through the F-T synthesis reaction may be purified and used as a low boiling point fuel through upgrading.
- the feedstock is a first feedstock stream and a second feedstock.
- the first feedstock stream is fed to a continuously heated gas heated reformer (GHR) and steam methane reformer (SMR) mixed with steam and the second feedstock stream is mixed with reformed gas from the SMR
- GHR continuously heated gas heated reformer
- SMR steam methane reformer
- POX non-catalytic partial oxidation reformer
- GTL technology is expected to be the only economically clean fuel manufacturing technology available until hydrogen fuel is commercialized under environmental regulations for transportation fuels.
- GTL technology is a field where leading companies preoccupy the market and its own barriers are high, and its own technology development is required. Therefore, research and development on domestic GTL technology is progressing.
- Offshore plants should be designed with limited space utilization, stability against movement by tidal currents, plant weight and center of gravity, and take into account that the necessary raw materials or equipment parts may not be readily available. Therefore, the design should be as small as possible to simplify the process and make the plant compact.
- an air separation unit (ASU) requires a very large space, and the height of the chiller is very high. These equipments are not desirable for FPSO. In addition, the pure oxygen they produce has a large fire and explosion risk in limited space.
- the FPSO concept avoids the need for ASU by producing syngas using air instead of pure oxygen.
- This approach can substantially increase the size of the device, increase the footprint and increase the cost of installation.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the flow of the F-T synthesis reaction and the upgrade process of the synthesis gas modified in the conventional GTL production process.
- a reformed syngas is introduced into an F-T synthesis reactor (FT) to synthesize FT Liquid.
- the product of the F-T synthesis reactor is upgraded via hydrocracking (HCK) and hydrotreating (HDT) via a separator.
- H 2 and CO are separated in the separator and reintroduced into the FT synthesis reactor (FT).
- FT FT synthesis reactor
- Hydrocracking (HCK) is a process of converting heavy n-paraffins from wax into hard n-paraffins or iso-paraffins
- hydrotreating (HDT) is a process of hydrogenating and isomerizing linear paraffins and olefins.
- the present invention proposes a GTL process and apparatus suitable for an offshore plant, which can solve the above problems.
- a GTL production process of FPSO includes an upgraded step of separating the liquid hydrocarbons into gas, naphtha and synthetic crude oil and supplying hydrogen to hydrofinishing.
- the condensate produced in the hydrofinishing step is separated and mixed in the synthetic crude oil separated in the separating step,
- gum formation and polymerization of olefins contained in at least one of the naphtha and synthetic crude oil may be prevented during storage and transportation.
- the gas having 1 to 4 carbon atoms separated in the separation step may be supplied as a fuel of the FPSO.
- the hydrofinishing step may be carried out under relatively low temperature and pressure conditions, such as a temperature of 250 to 290 °C, a pressure of 15 to 30 bar.
- the reforming step consists of a steam CO 2 reformer (SCR) for supplying water vapor and carbon dioxide to the natural gas and reacting under a catalyst
- the Fischer-Tropsch reactor of the synthesis step is a slurry phase reactor (Slurry Phase Reactor, SPR).
- the steam carbon dioxide reformer may be a compact reformer.
- carbon dioxide may participate in the synthesis reaction of the synthesis gas by the reverse reaction of the water gas shift reaction.
- the unreacted syngas in the slurry phase reactor can be recovered and reintroduced into the synthesis step.
- the steam generated in the synthesis step and the reforming step may be supplied to the steam turbine generator provided in the FPSO to generate power.
- H 2 O is separated in multiple stages from the syngas produced after reforming, and hydrogen is separated to meet the requirements of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, but to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.
- H 2 may be recovered such that the ratio SN of H 2 / CO supplied satisfies 1 to 2.5.
- At least some of the hydrogen recovered in the conditioning step may be supplied as fuel in the reforming step.
- the reforming step may be composed of a steam methane reformer (SMR) for reacting the natural gas with hydrogen supplied in the conditioning step.
- SMR steam methane reformer
- a reformer that receives the natural gas from the pretreatment unit and generates a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
- a Fischer-Tropsch reactor receiving the syngas from the reformer to produce liquid hydrocarbons
- a GTL production system of FPSO includes an upgrading unit that receives hydrogen and the liquid hydrocarbon from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and hydrofinishes to produce naphtha and synthetic crude.
- a conditioning unit for conditioning the syngas generated in the reformer prior to introduction into the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, wherein the hydrogen generated in the conditioning unit may be supplied to the upgrading unit.
- the reformer is a steam carbon dioxide reformer (SCR) that receives the natural gas to supply steam and carbon dioxide and reacts under a catalyst to generate a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide
- the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is a slurry Phase reactor (SPR).
- the upgrading unit supplies hydrogen to the liquid hydrocarbon to hydrofinish to saturate the olefins contained in at least one of the naphtha and synthetic crude oil, thereby storing and transporting at least one of the naphtha and synthetic crude oil. Gum formation and polymerization of olefins can be prevented.
- the compound having 1 to 4 carbon atoms generated in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and the upgrading unit may be supplied as a fuel of the combined cycle power generation system of the FPSO.
- the conditioning unit may include first to third separators separating H 2 O in multiple stages from the synthesis gas, and an extractor for recovering hydrogen from hydrogen and carbon monoxide separated from the third separator.
- the reformer is a steam methane reforming (SMR) for reforming the pretreated natural gas, H 2 O and CO 2 to the combustion gas and hydrogen, CO and H 2 O by the hydrogen recovered from the extractor Can be.
- SMR steam methane reforming
- the extractor may be provided with a membrane that can control the passage of the hydrogen.
- the hydrogen recovered by the membrane can be supplied to the reformer and the upgrading unit.
- the ratio SN of H 2 / CO supplied from the conditioning unit to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor may be 1 to 2.5.
- GTL production process and system of the FPSO of the present invention is a pre-treatment of natural gas produced in the offshore gas field, the reforming step of the pre-treated natural gas, the synthesis step of producing a liquid hydrocarbon from the synthesis gas generated in the reforming step, GTL is produced through an upgrade step of hydrofinishing hydrocarbons.
- the present invention can provide a GTL production process and system that can be effectively deployed in a limited topside of the FPSO by optimizing the GTL production process for offshore plant environments and, in particular, by simplifying the upgrade process.
- GTL produced by the GTL production process and system of the present invention can be tandem offloading by sharing the same unloading equipment is particularly suitable for implementing a compact offshore plant mounted on FPSO.
- the present invention can secure the safety in FPSO by eliminating the need for pure oxygen, it is possible to obtain the effect that the deck space on the FPSO and installation cost can be saved by removing the oxygen supply device.
- a higher H 2 production through the SMR reactor a synthesis gas of CO ratio H 2 suitable for the FT reactor: it is possible to produce a CO ratio, the H 2 separation from the syngas process of the FT product It can also be used as a fuel to increase the temperature of and reformers, which can reduce the operating cost of GTL FPSO.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the flow of the F-T synthesis reaction and the upgrade process of the synthesis gas reformed in the conventional GTL production process.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the flow of the GTL production process according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows the detailed process flow.
- FIG 4 shows separately the process flow of the upgrading step in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an FPSO in which a plant to which a GTL production process according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied is provided on the topside.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an FT GTL apparatus on FPSO using SMR according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram illustrating a coupling relationship between main units of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a FT GTL method on FPSO using SMR according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the flow of the GTL production process according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the process of this embodiment is reformed by supplying oxygen, water and carbon dioxide to natural gas (synthesis) produced by the reforming The gas is put in a reactor to synthesize liquid hydrocarbons (Synthesis), and upgraded to produce GTL including naphtha and synthetic crude oil.
- Synthesis natural gas
- 3 shows a more detailed process flow of this embodiment.
- the GTL production process is a process for producing GTL in Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO), 1) Pretreatment of natural gas (100), 2) reforming step (200) of supplying water vapor and carbon dioxide to the pretreated natural gas and reacting under a catalyst to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, 3) fischer syngas -Synthesis step (300) for supplying and reacting to the reactor in the Tropsi to produce liquid hydrocarbon, 4) Upgrading step of separating the generated liquid hydrocarbon into gas, naphtha and synthetic crude oil and hydrofinishing by supplying hydrogen ( And 400).
- FPSO Floating Production, Storage and Offloading
- the pretreatment step may include stabilizing the natural gas produced in the offshore gas field (Gas Inlet Stabilization, 110), desulfurization (Sulfur Removal Saturator, 120), and pre-reformer. After the pretreatment, natural gas, which is composed of most of the methane, is supplied to the reforming step 200.
- the reforming step 200 may be a steam CO 2 reformer (SCR), and the Fischer-Tropsch reactor of the synthesis step 300 may be a slurry phase reactor (SPR).
- SCR steam CO 2 reformer
- SPR slurry phase reactor
- the steam carbon dioxide reformer of the present embodiment for example, a compact reformer of DPT may be applied.
- the main reaction equation in the steam carbon dioxide reformer is CH 4 + H 2 O ⁇ 3H 2 + CO, CH 4 + CO 2 ⁇ 2CO + H 2 , through the reformer to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- the synthesis gas synthesis reaction (CH 4 + CO 2 ⁇ 2CO + H 2 ) in which carbon dioxide participates in a general steam carbon dioxide reformer is activated by a coking reaction, a by-product of coking reaction in the reforming reaction of carbon dioxide. This may lower the conversion rate.
- the Compact Reformer is particularly suitable for offshore plants, since the ship motion effects are relatively small compared to other reformers, and the reactor structure in the form of a heat exchanger has a small size and the space required for installation is relatively small.
- the syngas generated after the reforming in the steam carbon dioxide reformer through the reforming step 200 may be fed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor of the synthesis step 300 after conditioning through the conditioning step 250.
- Conditioning is a process of adjusting the composition of the syngas, at least a portion of the hydrogen generated during conditioning of the syngas may be supplied for hydrofinishing of the above-described upgrading step (400).
- a slurry phase reactor (Slurry Phase Reactor) is applied to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, for example, Sasol SPR (Slurry Phase Reactor) may be applied.
- Slurry Phase Reactor (SPR) is suitable for offshore plants due to its small Ship Motion Effects, relatively low total footprint and device weight.
- MTFB Multi-Tubular Fixed Bed reactor
- the upgrading step 400 of the present embodiment 1) a separation step 410 for separating the liquid hydrocarbon produced in the synthesis step 300 into gas, naphtha and synthetic crude oil having 1 to 4 carbon atoms And 2) a hydrofinishing step 420 of saturating the olefin by supplying hydrogen to the separated naphtha, and the condensate produced in the hydrofinishing step 420 is separated, and thus, in the aforementioned separation step. It is mixed with the separated synthetic crude oil (430).
- Synthetic crude oil (wax of FIG. 4) generated in the Fischer Tropsch reactor and separated in the separation step 410 and the condensate produced in the hydrofinishing step 420 are mixed 430 and shipped together as a synthetic crude (Syscrude) Transported.
- the hydrofinishing step 420 of the present embodiment is carried out under relatively low temperature and pressure conditions, such as a temperature of 250 to 290 ° C., a pressure of 15 to 30 bar, through this hydrofinishing step, naphtha and synthesis during storage and transportation. Gum formation and polymerization of olefins contained in at least one of the crude oils is prevented.
- the process 400 for upgrading the liquid hydrocarbon produced through the Fischer-Tropsch reactor can be designed in various processes depending on the type of end product to be produced. As in a land plant, it may be desirable for a land plant to be able to produce a variety of products in the case of full upgrading including hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes. Since the tank must be prepared and stored, the number of tanks increases, which increases installation space and cost, and makes it difficult to efficiently deploy the tank. The unloading of the product also complicates the piping layout as it must pass through different loading facilities depending on the type.
- a simplified upgrading process for hydrogenating olefins contained in naphtha or synthetic crude oil through hydrofinishing step 420 to prevent gum formation and polymerization in the storage and transportation of olefins is performed. Upgrade afterwards.
- the process is designed to produce only naphtha and synthetic crude oil as GTL products, and the liquid hydrocarbons are upgraded with hydrofinishing, which can operate at relatively low pressure and temperature conditions. Therefore, the process of the upgrade step 400 is simplified, and the amount of hydrogen required for the process is small, so the number of equipment is suitable, so it is suitable for application to a limited FPSO space.
- the unreacted syngas from the slurry phase reactor of synthesis step 300 described above may be recovered and reintroduced to the slurry phase reactor front end of the synthesis step (see section Synthesis step 300 of FIG. 4).
- the gas having 1 to 4 carbon atoms separated in the separation step 410 may be supplied as fuel of the FPSO, and the steam generated in the synthesis step 300 and the reforming step 200 may be a steam turbine provided in the FPSO. It can be supplied to a generator to generate electricity
- the gas separated in the separation step 410 is composed mostly of light olefins, it is preferable to consume as fuel in the FPSO because it is a relatively small amount to store and transport, the steam of the synthesis step 300 and the reforming step 200 steam
- the FPSO can generate electricity and increase energy efficiency.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a process in which the GTL production process according to the present embodiment is applied and facilities 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 for each process step are provided on the topside of the FPSO, and the flow of the process step is shown. It was.
- the pre-treatment unit is a natural gas produced in the offshore gas field is pretreated including desulfurization treatment;
- a steam carbon dioxide reformer (SCR) which receives natural gas from a pretreatment unit, supplies water vapor and carbon dioxide, and reacts under a catalyst to generate a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
- a slurry phase reactor (SPR) receiving syngas from a steam carbon dioxide reformer to produce liquid hydrocarbons;
- an upgrading unit for receiving the liquid hydrocarbons from the hydrogen and slurry phase reactors and hydrofinishing to produce naphtha and synthetic crude oil.
- the system preferably further comprises a conditioning unit for conditioning the syngas produced in the steam carbon dioxide reformer prior to being introduced into the slurry phase reactor, wherein the hydrogen produced in the conditioning unit can be supplied to the upgrading unit.
- the upgrading unit supplies hydrogen to the liquid hydrocarbon and hydrofinishes to saturate the olefins contained in at least one of naphtha and synthetic crude oil, so that the gums of olefins during storage and transportation of at least one of naphtha and synthetic crude oil ( gum formation and polymerization can be prevented.
- the compound having 1 to 4 carbon atoms produced in the slurry phase reactor and the upgrading unit can be supplied as fuel in the combined cycle power generation system of FPSO.
- the GTL production process and system of the FPSO of the first embodiment of the present invention pre-treat the natural gas produced in the offshore gas field, reforming the pretreated natural gas with a steam carbon dioxide reformer, the synthesis produced by the reforming step
- the gas is synthesized in a slurry phase reactor, followed by an upgrade step of hydrofinishing the synthesized liquid hydrocarbon to produce GTL.
- This embodiment provides a GTL production process and production system optimized for offshore plant environments.
- the upgrading process of the synthesized liquid hydrocarbon is simplified by hydrofinishing, so that it is possible to effectively arrange the equipment in a limited topside of the FPSO without requiring complicated upgrades, and install and maintain the equipment. Maintenance is easy. It also does not require large amounts of hydrogen, such as in complex upgrades of existing land plants, eliminating the need for larger hydrogen plants and reducing the installation and operating costs of the upgrade process.
- the GTL production process and system of the first embodiment produces only three GTLs of condensate produced during naphtha, synthetic crude oil and hydrofinishing, simplifying the type of tank for storing GTL and Piping can also be simplified.
- the GTL produced by the first embodiment can share the same unloading equipment and can be tandem offloaded, thereby simplifying the unloading equipment. Therefore, the GTL produced in the first embodiment is particularly suitable for implementing a compact offshore plant mounted on the FPSO.
- Hydrogen separated from the membrane can be used as fuel in the burner for the Methane-Steam Reformer (SMR).
- SMR Methane-Steam Reformer
- the present invention also includes defining the FT external circulation and emission ratios as SMR operating parameters while ensuring the hydrogen needed to improve the FT product.
- Excess hydrogen (more than what is needed directly in the FT reactor) can also be supplied for the treatment of FT GTL products, thereby reducing the space and cost required for a separate hydrogen production system.
- the FT reactor can be fed at an appropriate H 2 / CO ratio to the FT reactor, eliminating the need to install additional hydrogen production equipment, and the excess hydrogen is supplied to the FT product. It can be used for processing.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a GTL system on FPSO to which SMR is applied according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the GTL system on the FPSO to which SMR is applied is a FT GTL system for producing a single synthetic crude oil in FPSO, and includes a gas injection stabilization unit 1010 receiving the produced gas.
- Desulfurization unit 1020, natural gas saturation and pre-reforming unit 1030, small reforming unit 1040, conditioning unit 1050, FT synthesis unit 1060, residual A tail gas separation unit 1070 and an upgrading unit 1080 for production treatment are included.
- the gas injection stabilization unit 1010 performs stabilization on the produced crude natural gas (RAW NG) to generate natural gas condensate (NG condensate) and water (H 2 O), and the natural gas condensate is desulfurization unit ( 1020).
- the desulfurization unit 1020 removes sulfur contained in natural gas and supplies crude natural gas to the natural gas saturation and preliminary reforming unit 1030. A portion of the crude natural gas pretreated in the natural gas saturation and preliminary reforming unit 1030 is used as fuel gas, and the remaining natural gas is heated by steam and supplied to the reforming unit 1040 and discharged to the saturator.
- the reforming unit 1040 reforms the natural gas supplied through steam in the natural gas saturation and preliminary reforming unit 1030 into a crude syngas. Gas not processed in the reforming unit 1040 is also supplied to the natural gas saturation and preliminary reforming unit 1030 as fuel gas.
- the crude syngas treated in the reforming unit 1040 is generated as syngas (SYNGAS) in the conditioning unit 1050, and hydrogen (H 2 ) generated in this process is a fuel gas and the upgrading unit 1040 and the upgrading unit. Supplied to 1080.
- the syngas condensate produced in the conditioning unit 1050 is supplied or discharged to the natural gas saturation and preliminary reforming unit 1030.
- the syngas supplied from the conditioning unit 1050 is separated into a first mixture of FT naphtha and FT heavy oil and FT wax through the FT synthesis unit 1060 and supplied to the upgrading unit 80.
- the residual gas separation unit 1070 separates the residual gas from the synthesis gas supplied from the FT synthesis unit 1060, and the residual gas is partially discharged or supplied to the natural gas saturation and preliminary reforming unit 1030 for recycling. .
- the upgrading unit 1080 is a mixture of the first mixture supplied from the FT synthesis unit 1060 and FT wax to fuel gas (LPG and H 2 ) and synthetic crude (syncrude) products (FT naphtha, FT heavy oil, FT And store as wax.
- LPG and H 2 fuel gas
- synthetic crude (syncrude) products FT naphtha, FT heavy oil, FT And store as wax.
- the reforming unit 1040 and the conditioning unit 1050 are supplied with boiler feed water (BFW) for forming steam.
- BFW boiler feed water
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram illustrating a coupling relationship between main units of FIG. 6.
- the reforming unit 1040 is H 2 , CO, H to reform the crude syngas (RAW SYNGAS) by adding the H 2 generated in the conditioning unit 1050 to the natural gas produced, as shown in FIG. Produces 2 O of mixed gas and combustion gas. To this end, the reforming unit 1040 reforms CH 4 , H 2 O and CO 2 contained in natural gas into combustion gas and H 2 , CO and H 2 O by H 2 supplied to the conditioning unit 1050. A small reformer 1041.
- the conditioning unit 1050 separates H 2 O in multiple stages from the mixed gas of H 2 , CO, and H 2 O supplied from the reforming unit 1040, and meets the requirements of the FT synthesis unit 1060. Separate H 2 and H 2 O. To this end, the conditioning unit 1050 is configured to separate H 2 from H 2 and CO separated from the first to third separators 1051 to 1053 and the third separator 1053 separating H 2 O in multiple stages from the mixed gas.
- the extractor 54 recovers, and the ratio SN of the H 2 / CO supplied from the extractor 54 to the FT synthesis unit is maintained at 1 to 2.5.
- the ratio SN of H 2 / CO is maintained at 2.0.
- the mixed gas of H 2 , CO, and H 2 O supplied from the reforming unit 1040 passes through the first heat exchanger 1055 to the first separator.
- 1051 is separated primarily H 2 O in the first non-separated in separator 1051, the gas mixture and a second heat exchanger 1056 to via the second separator 1052, 2nd H 2 O is released from the and, wherein the second separator is not separated from the 1052 mixed gas of the compressor 1057 and the separation is the third heat exchanger (1058) for through the third three drive H 2 O at separator 1053 discharged from a synthetic gas condensate do.
- H 2 , CO which is not separated into H 2 O in the third separator 1053, is supplied to the extractor 1054 through the fourth heat exchanger 1059, and the amount of passage of H 2 is adjusted to the extractor 1054.
- a membrane is provided. That is, by the membrane to recover H 2 ratio (SN) of the H 2 / CO to be supplied to the FT synthesis unit 1060 is maintained at 1 to 2.5. Meanwhile, H 2 recovered by the membrane is supplied to the reformer 1041 as fuel and supplied to the upgrading unit 1080 to process the FT wax supplied from the FT synthesis unit 1060.
- the upgrading unit 1080 mixes FT wax supplied from the FT synthesis unit 1060 and H 2 supplied from the extractor 1054 of the conditioning unit 1050 to mix FT naphtha, FT heavy oil, and FT wax. To produce a crude crude oil mixture.
- H 2 recovered from the extractor 1054 is subjected to hydrocracking reaction or mild hydroisomerization reaction to the FT wax via the second compressor 1081 and the fifth heat exchanger 1082. Is fed to the reactor 1083 to produce a mixture.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a GTL production method using SMR according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the FT GTL method on FPSO using SMR is a method for supplying hydrogen required by a process in SFT in FT GTL FPSO on FPSO.
- the stabilization process the sulfur contained in the crude natural gas in the desulfurization unit 1020 is removed, and natural gas is generated through the natural gas saturation and preliminary reforming unit 1030 (S10).
- the reforming unit 1040 generates a mixed gas of H 2 , CO, H 2 O from natural gas (S20).
- the conditioning unit (1050) separates the H 2 O in multiple stages in a mixed gas generated in the step S20, and recovering the H 2 to remove the H 2 to meet the requirements of the FT synthesis unit 1060 ( S30).
- the H 2 recovered in the step S30 is supplied to the reforming unit 1040 and the upgrading unit 1080 (S40).
- the recovery of H 2 is performed in step S30 such that the ratio SN of H 2 / CO supplied to the FT synthesis unit by the membrane provided in the extractor 1054 satisfies 1 to 2.5.
- H 2 supplied to the reforming unit 1040 is used as fuel.
- the FT wax supplied from the FT synthesis unit 1060 and H 2 supplied from the conditioning unit 1050 are mixed to generate a synthetic crude oil mixture (S50).
- the step S50 is carried out by a reactor 1083 which performs a wax hydrocracking reaction or a mild hydroisomerization reaction.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (24)
- FPSO의 GTL(Gas To Liquid) 공정에 있어서,1) 해상의 가스전에서 생산된 천연가스를 전처리하는 단계;2) 전처리된 상기 천연가스를 촉매하에서 반응시켜 수소와 일산화탄소를 포함하는 합성가스를 생성하는 개질 단계;3) 상기 합성가스를 피셔-트롭시 반응기에 공급하고 반응시켜 액상 탄화수소를 생성하는 합성 단계; 및4) 상기 액상 탄화수소를 가스, 나프타 및 합성원유로 분리하고 수소를 공급하여 하이드로피니싱(hydrofinishing)하는 업그레이딩 단계를 포함하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 업그레이딩 단계는1) 상기 합성 단계에서 생성된 상기 액상 탄화수소를 탄소수 1 내지 4의 가스, 나프타 및 합성원유로 분리하는 분리 단계; 및2) 분리된 나프타에 수소를 공급하여 올레핀을 포화시키는 하이드로피니싱 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 하이드로피니싱 단계에서 생성되는 응축물(condensate)은 분리되어, 상기 분리 단계에서 분리된 합성원유에 혼합되며,상기 하이드로피니싱 단계를 통해, 저장 및 운송 중에 상기 나프타 및 합성원유 중 적어도 하나에 포함된 올레핀의 검(gum) 형성 및 중합 반응(polymerization)이 방지되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 분리 단계에서 분리된 탄소수 1 내지 4의 가스는 상기 FPSO의 연료로 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 하이드로피니싱 단계는 250 내지 290 ℃의 온도, 15 내지 30 bar의 압력인 상대적으로 낮은 온도 및 압력 조건하에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 개질 단계에서 개질 후 생성된 합성가스를, 상기 합성 단계의 피셔-트롭시 반응기로 공급하기 전에 컨디셔닝(conditioning)하는 컨디셔닝 단계를 더 포함하며,컨디셔닝 중 발생하는 수소의 적어도 일부는 상기 업그레이딩 단계로 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 6항에 있어서,상기 개질 단계는 상기 천연가스에 수증기 및 이산화탄소를 공급하고 촉매하에서 반응시키는 스팀 이산화탄소 개질기(Steam CO2 Reformer, SCR)로 이루어지고,상기 합성 단계의 피셔-트롭시 반응기는 슬러리 상 반응기(Slurry Phase Reactor, SPR)로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 7항에 있어서,상기 스팀 이산화탄소 개질기는 컴팩트 리포머(Compact Reformer)인 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 8항에 있어서,상기 컴팩트 리포머에서는 이산화탄소가 수성 가스 전환(water gas shift reaction)의 역반응으로 상기 합성가스의 생성반응에 참여하는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 7항에 있어서,상기 슬러리 상 반응기에서 미반응된 상기 합성가스는 회수되어 상기 합성 단계로 재도입되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 합성 단계 및 개질 단계에서 발생되는 스팀은 상기 FPSO에 마련된 스팀 터빈 발전기에 공급되어 발전하는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 6항에 있어서, 상기 컨디셔닝 단계에서는개질 후 생성된 상기 합성가스에서 다단으로 H2O를 분리하고, 상기 피셔-트롭시 반응기에서의 요구조건에 충족하도록 수소를 분리하되,상기 피셔-트롭시 반응기로 공급되는 H2/CO의 비율(SN)이 1~2.5를 만족하도록 H2가 회수되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 12항에 있어서,상기 컨디셔닝 단계에서 회수된 수소의 적어도 일부는 상기 개질 단계의 연료로서 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 개질 단계는 상기 천연가스를 상기 컨디셔닝 단계에서 공급된 수소와 반응시키는 스팀 메탄 개질기(Steam Methane Reforming, SMR)로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 공정.
- FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템에 있어서,해상의 가스전에서 생산된 천연가스가 탈황처리를 포함하여 전처리되는 전처리 유닛;상기 전처리 유닛으로부터 상기 천연가스를 공급받아 수소와 일산화탄소를 포함하는 합성가스를 생성하는 개질기;상기 개질기로부터 상기 합성가스를 공급받아 액상 탄화수소를 생성하는 피셔-트롭시 반응기; 및수소 및 상기 피셔-트롭시 반응기로부터의 상기 액상 탄화수소를 공급받아 하이드로피니싱하여 나프타 및 합성원유를 생산하는 업그레이딩 유닛을 포함하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 15항에 있어서,상기 개질기에서 생성된 상기 합성가스를 상기 피셔-트롭시 반응기로 도입되기에 앞서 컨디셔닝하는 컨디셔닝 유닛을 더 포함하며,상기 컨디셔닝 유닛에서 생성된 수소는 상기 업그레이딩 유닛으로 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 15항에 있어서,상기 개질기는, 상기 천연가스를 공급받아 수증기 및 이산화탄소를 공급하고 촉매하에서 반응시켜 수소와 일산화탄소를 포함하는 합성가스를 생성하는 스팀 이산화탄소 개질기(SCR)이고,상기 피셔-트롭시 반응기는 슬러리 상 반응기(SPR)인 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 15항에 있어서,상기 업그레이딩 유닛은 상기 액상 탄화수소에 수소를 공급하여 하이드로피니싱하여 상기 나프타 및 합성원유 중 적어도 하나에 포함된 올레핀을 포화시켜, 상기 나프타 및 합성원유 중 적어도 하나의 저장 및 이송 중 상기 올레핀의 검(gum) 형성 및 중합 반응(polymerization)이 방지되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 15항에 있어서,상기 피셔-트롭시 반응기 및 상기 업그레이딩 유닛에서 생성된 탄소수 1 내지 4의 화합물은 상기 FPSO의 복합발전 시스템의 연료로 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 16항에 있어서, 상기 컨디셔닝 유닛은상기 합성가스에서 다단으로 H2O를 분리하는 제1 내지 제3 분리기; 및상기 제3 분리기에서 분리된 수소와 일산화탄소에서 수소를 회수하는 추출기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 20항에 있어서,상기 개질기는, 전처리된 천연가스, H2O 및 CO2를 상기 추출기에서 회수된 수소에 의해 연소가스와 수소, CO 및 H2O로 개질하는 스팀 메탄 개질기(Steam Methane Reforming, SMR)인 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 20항에 있어서,상기 추출기에는 상기 수소의 통과량을 조절할 수 있는 멤브레인이 마련되는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 22항에 있어서,상기 멤브레인에 의해 회수된 수소는 상기 개질기 및 업그레이딩 유닛으로 공급될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
- 제 22항에 있어서,상기 컨디셔닝 유닛에서 상기 피셔-트롭시 반응기로 공급되는 H2/CO의 비율(SN)은 1~2.5인 것을 특징으로 하는 FPSO의 GTL 생산 시스템.
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| JP2016529714A JP2016534180A (ja) | 2013-07-25 | 2014-07-24 | Fpsoのgtl生産方法およびgtl生産システム |
| CN201480041555.9A CN105408453A (zh) | 2013-07-25 | 2014-07-24 | Fpso中gtl生产的方法和系统 |
| US14/907,255 US20160168489A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 | 2014-07-24 | Method and system for gtl production in fpso |
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| KR10-2013-0087867 | 2013-07-25 | ||
| KR1020130087867A KR20150012401A (ko) | 2013-07-25 | 2013-07-25 | Fpso의 gtl 생산 공정 및 시스템 |
| KR1020140059690A KR101587476B1 (ko) | 2014-05-19 | 2014-05-19 | Smr을 이용한 fpso 상의 ft gtl 장치 및 방법 |
| KR10-2014-0059690 | 2014-05-19 |
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| RU2614956C1 (ru) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Публичное акционерное общество "Газпром" | Установка получения синтетического жидкого топлива |
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| RU2684420C1 (ru) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-04-09 | Публичное акционерное общество "Нефтяная компания "Роснефть" (ПАО "НК "Роснефть") | Способ получения синтетической нефти из природного/попутного нефтяного газа и компактная установка для получения синтетической нефти из природного/попутного нефтяного газа |
| AU2019392923A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-06-24 | Raven Sr, Inc. | Production of hydrogen and FT products by steam/CO2 reforming |
| WO2022079010A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-21 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Chemical synthesis plant |
| WO2024129590A2 (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2024-06-20 | Basf Corporaton | Offshore platform syngas conversion |
| KR20250000062A (ko) * | 2023-06-23 | 2025-01-02 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 합성연료 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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- 2014-07-24 WO PCT/KR2014/006771 patent/WO2015012623A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2014-07-24 CN CN201480041555.9A patent/CN105408453A/zh active Pending
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| US20160168489A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
| CN105408453A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
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