WO2015010398A1 - 核电厂安全壳及乏燃料水池事故后中长期冷却方法及系统 - Google Patents
核电厂安全壳及乏燃料水池事故后中长期冷却方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015010398A1 WO2015010398A1 PCT/CN2013/087733 CN2013087733W WO2015010398A1 WO 2015010398 A1 WO2015010398 A1 WO 2015010398A1 CN 2013087733 W CN2013087733 W CN 2013087733W WO 2015010398 A1 WO2015010398 A1 WO 2015010398A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- medium
- long
- power plant
- cooling circuit
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
- G21C15/182—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat comprising powered means, e.g. pumps
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/02—Details of handling arrangements
- G21C19/06—Magazines for holding fuel elements or control elements
- G21C19/07—Storage racks; Storage pools
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
- G21D3/04—Safety arrangements
- G21D3/06—Safety arrangements responsive to faults within the plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of nuclear power plant safety, and more particularly to a medium and long-term cooling method and system for a nuclear power plant containment and spent fuel pool accidents that are put into use under an overdesign basis accident condition.
- Units 1-3 are emergency shutdown due to normal operating conditions, while Unit 4 is in maintenance shutdown.
- the earthquake caused the loss of off-site electricity, followed by the failure of the emergency power supply (diesel generator) due to the tsunami, resulting in the loss of all functions of the reactor cooling system and causing accidents.
- the RRI system Component Cooling Water System
- the RRI system is usually used to cool the heat exchanger including the containment spray system, the spent fuel pool heat exchanger, and the residual heat discharge heat exchanger.
- Upstream users including heat exchangers and mechanical equipment such as pumps, and transfer heat to the SEC system (Essential Water System) through the RRI heat exchanger; the SEC system takes water from the site water to cool the RRI heat exchanger, and The water is sent to the ambient waters so that the heat is absorbed by the seawater.
- the above RRI/SEC heat transfer system is usually designed with redundancy, that is, two safety series are adopted. It is discharged into the environment to ensure the safety of the reactor.
- the existing three generations of nuclear power plant units are equipped with two large columns / four small columns of RRI / SEC heat transfer system, and with SRU system (Dedicated Cooling Water System, dedicated to important cooling water systems).
- SRU system Dedicated Cooling Water System, dedicated to important cooling water systems.
- the first column and the second column of the RRI system are coupled into one large column; the third column and the fourth column are coupled to another large column; the SEC system respectively cools the heat exchangers of the first to fourth columns of the RRI system, thereby The nuclear load of the nuclear island user is removed to the sea.
- the first column or the fourth column of the seawater-cooled EVU system (safety shell heat removal system) is extracted by the SRU system and cooled by the first column of the EVU/SRU.
- Section 3 of the PTR system fuel pool cooling and purification system. Since the RRI/SEC system is decoupled from the EVU/SRU system, the failure of the RRI/SEC system does not affect the functionality of the EVU/SRU system.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a medium and long-term cooling method and system for a nuclear power plant containment and a spent fuel pool accident, so that the final heat sink of the nuclear power plant can meet the diversity requirements, and avoid the heat transfer failure under the SBO superimposed LUHS accident. And cause a nuclear leak.
- the present invention provides a medium- and long-term cooling method for a nuclear power plant containment and a spent fuel pool accident, which replaces the nuclear island upstream user group by a medium- and long-term cooling system composed of an intermediate cooling circuit and a terminal cooling circuit.
- the residual heat of the heat exchanger is discharged into the atmosphere, and all the electrical equipment in the intermediate cooling circuit and the terminal cooling circuit are powered by independent backup power.
- the intermediate cooling circuit is connected to the upstream of the nuclear island user heat exchanger via the RRI system pipeline in parallel with the RRI system.
- the terminal cooling circuit is connected to the intermediate cooling circuit through the intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate cooling circuit is connected to the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger. After cooling, the terminal cooling circuit uses a cooling tower to discharge heat from the intermediate heat exchanger into the atmosphere.
- the intermediate cooling circuit and the original pipeline of the RRI system are separated by a double manual isolation valve, and the RRI system and the nuclear island upstream user Manual isolation valves are also provided at both ends of the group heat exchanger connection line; during normal operation of the nuclear power plant unit, the double manual isolation valves on the intermediate cooling circuit side are closed, and the manual isolation valves on the RRI side are open.
- the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger is cooled by the RRI system, and the medium and long-term cooling system is in standby state; after the loss of the final heat trap accident, the double manual isolation valve on the intermediate cooling circuit side is open, and the manual isolation valve on the RRI side In the off state, the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger is cooled by the medium and long term cooling system.
- the intermediate cooling circuit in the standby state is filled with demineralized water. It is necessary to regularly check the water quality and change the water.
- the terminal cooling circuit in the standby is filled with production water, and the upper tower pipeline set by the cooling tower is an empty pipe.
- the starting steps of the medium and long-term cooling system are: 1) opening the double in the intermediate cooling circuit Manually isolate the valve, confirm that the pipeline of the relevant user is connected, confirm that the valve in the tower line of the cooling tower is open, close the manual isolation valve on the RRI side to isolate the unnecessary pipeline in the RRI system; 2) Start sequentially The circulation pump set in the intermediate cooling circuit and the terminal cooling circuit keeps the medium and long-term cooling system in operation, confirms whether the operating parameters of the intermediate cooling circuit and the terminal cooling circuit are normal, completes the inspection of the circuit, and starts the fan motor set by the cooling tower. 3) When both the intermediate cooling circuit and the terminal cooling circuit are in normal operation, the start of the medium and long-term cooling system is completed.
- the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger in the intermediate cooling circuit includes multiple safety series cooling of the RRI system in the entire unit. All heat exchanger series.
- the double manual isolation valve includes manual isolation on the main line connected to the intermediate cooling circuit and the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger.
- the intermediate cooling circuit is connected in series by the hot side of the intermediate heat exchanger, the intermediate wave box, and the intermediate circulating pump.
- the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger is formed.
- the terminal cooling circuit is formed by sequentially connecting the circulating pump of the terminal, the cold side of the intermediate heat exchanger, the cooling tower and the safety pool in series. After the medium and long-term cooling system is put into operation, the amount of water in the safe pool must be kept above the minimum safe water level by hydration.
- the cooling tower is a seismic mechanical ventilation cooling tower or a nuclear-grade mechanical ventilation cooling tower driven by a fan, or a passive natural circulation. Empty cooling tower.
- the cooling tower is a seismic mechanical ventilation cooling tower or a nuclear-grade mechanical ventilation cooling tower driven by a fan, the medium and long-term cooling system
- the medium and long-term cooling system After commissioning, it is necessary to keep the mechanical ventilation cooling tower running continuously to cool the circulating water of the terminal cooling circuit; however, when the hot side outlet temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger is close to the minimum limit of the user acceptable temperature, and the upstream user When the heat load is small, it is necessary to isolate the upper tower pipe of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower, so that the mechanical ventilation cooling tower enters the intermittent operation state to ensure that the hot side outlet temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger is always maintained within the acceptable range of the upstream of the nuclear island.
- the actions of all the active devices in the medium and long-term cooling system are manually controlled manually or remotely, all remote manual controls are in The local control room or local control in the auxiliary pump room is rejected.
- the medium and long-term cooling system and the original heat sink system are arranged in different plant areas.
- the present invention also provides a medium- and long-term cooling system after a nuclear power plant containment and a spent fuel pool accident, which includes an intermediate cooling circuit and a terminal cooling circuit connected by an intermediate heat exchanger, and an intermediate cooling circuit to the core.
- the island's upstream user group heat exchanger is cooled, and the terminal cooling circuit uses a cooling tower to discharge the heat of the intermediate heat exchanger into the atmosphere.
- the intermediate cooling circuit is connected to the upstream of the nuclear island user heat exchanger via the RRI system pipeline in parallel with the RRI system.
- the intermediate cooling circuit and the original pipeline of the RRI system are separated by a double manual isolation valve, and the RRI system and the nuclear island upstream user Manual isolation valves are also provided at both ends of the group heat exchanger connection line.
- the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger in the intermediate cooling circuit includes multiple safety series cooling of the RRI system in the entire unit. All heat exchanger series.
- the double manual isolation valve includes manual isolation on the main line connected to the intermediate cooling circuit and the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger.
- the intermediate cooling circuit is connected in series by the hot side of the intermediate heat exchanger, the intermediate wave box, and the intermediate circulating pump.
- the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger is formed.
- the terminal cooling circuit is formed by sequentially connecting the circulating pump of the terminal, the cold side of the intermediate heat exchanger, the cooling tower and the safety pool in series. .
- the cooling tower is a seismic mechanical ventilation cooling tower or a nuclear-grade mechanical ventilation cooling tower for forced circulation of a fan, or a passive natural circulation. Empty cooling tower.
- the actions of all the active devices in the medium and long-term cooling system are manually controlled manually or remotely, all remote manual controls are in The local control room or local control in the auxiliary pump room is rejected.
- the medium and long-term cooling system and the original heat sink system are arranged in different plant areas, and an independent backup power source is adopted.
- the medium and long-term cooling method and system after the accident of the nuclear power plant containment vessel and the spent fuel pool of the present invention adopts a cold source different from the existing final heat sink, which finally conducts heat to the atmosphere
- the heat removal system forms an effective supplement and can be used in nuclear power plants with over-designed unit accidents.
- the final heat sink system is put into operation in the event of a failure to safely and efficiently discharge the residual heat of the core and spent fuel pool into the environment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a medium and long-term cooling system after an accident of a safety shell and a spent fuel pool of the present invention. detailed description
- the medium and long-term cooling system (SEU system) after the accident of the containment and spent fuel pool of the present invention includes an intermediate heat exchanger 10, an intermediate wave box 12, an intermediate circulation pump 14, a terminal circulation pump 16, and a mechanical ventilation cooling tower 18. , safety pool 20 and pipes, fittings and valves connecting the above equipment.
- the hot side of the intermediate heat exchanger 10, the intermediate wave box 12, and the intermediate circulation pump 14 are connected in series, and then connected to the nuclear island upstream group heat exchanger 60 (including the safety shell spray heat exchanger, the spent fuel pool cooling Heat exchanger, residual heat discharge heat exchanger, containment spray pump motor, low pressure injection pump motor, etc.) form an intermediate cooling circuit for cooling the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger 60; terminal circulation pump 16, intermediate heat exchange
- the cold side of the vessel 10, the mechanically ventilated cooling tower 18 and the safety pool 20 are connected in series to form a terminal cooling circuit that discharges heat from the intermediate heat exchanger 10 into the environment.
- the intermediate cooling circuit is connected to the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger 60 through the pipeline of the RRI system 50. Since only one intermediate cooling circuit is provided for each unit, the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger in each intermediate cooling circuit 60 includes all of the heat exchanger series 60 that are cooled by multiple safety trains of the RRI system throughout the unit.
- the intermediate cooling circuit is connected to the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger 60 in parallel with the RRI system 50. In order to avoid adverse effects on the original system, the intermediate cooling circuit and the RRI system 50 are original.
- the pipes are isolated by a double manual isolation valve, including a manual isolation valve 21 disposed at both ends of the main line connected to the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger 60, and a user group heat exchanger in a separate series of nuclear islands respectively.
- a manual isolation valve 22 is disposed at both ends of the 60-connected branch line. Since the RRI system 50 and the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger 60 are also provided with manual isolation valves 52 at both ends of the connecting line, the intermediate cooling circuit can be selected by opening and closing the manual isolation valves 21, 22, 52 or It is the RRI system 50 that cools the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger 60.
- the end circulating pump 16 takes water from the safe water tank 20, provides cooling to the intermediate heat exchanger 10, and removes heat from the ambient air through the mechanically ventilated cooling tower 18.
- the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 18 adopts standardized design. For different sites, the ability of the whole system to transfer heat to the environment can be changed by changing the number of towers and the number of fans in the tower, so as to adapt to changes in the parameters of the site.
- All active equipment in the SEU system is manually or remotely controlled manually, and all remote manual controls are rejected in the local control room or local control in the auxiliary pump room.
- All electrical equipment such as intermediate circulation pumps 14, terminal circulation pumps 16, and mechanical ventilation cooling towers 18 are all powered by diesel engines or other independent backup power sources.
- the present invention adopts the following measures: 1) Adopting different cold sources, passing The cooling tower 18 finally conducts heat to the atmosphere; 2) Adopts an independent backup power source to avoid the unavailability caused by the whole field power failure accident; 3) Arranged in different plant areas, avoiding disasters such as flying objects and aircraft impacts The new system fails at the same time as the original final heat sink; 4) Appropriate flooding and fire prevention measures are taken; 5) The newly added structures are all seismic structures.
- the nuclear island upstream user group heat exchanger 60 is cooled by the RRI system, and the SEU system is in a standby state.
- the manual isolation valves 21 and 22 on the SEU side are in a closed state, and the manual isolation valve on the RRI side is in a standby state.
- 52 is in the open state; the intermediate cooling circuit in standby is full of demineralized water, and the water quality and water exchange need to be checked regularly, and the terminal cooling circuit in the standby is filled with production water, mechanical communication
- the upper tower line of the air cooling tower 18 is an empty tube.
- the SEU system should ensure that the start-up is completed within 72 hours of the accident, so all steps initiated by the SEU system should be completed within 72 hours of the accident.
- the starting steps for the SEU system to be used are as follows: 1) Open the manual isolation valves 21 and 22 in the intermediate cooling circuit, confirm that the relevant user's pipeline is in the connected state, and confirm that the valve in the tower pipeline of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 18 is open.
- the SEU system After the accident occurs and the SEU system is put into operation, it is generally unnecessary to perform any operation to change the state of the SEU system, and only need to maintain the operation of the SEU system, including maintaining the continuous operation of the intermediate circulation pump 14 and the terminal circulation pump 16,
- the amount of water in the safe pool 20 is always kept higher than the minimum cooling by hydration.
- the heat that is required to be derived from the SEU system after the accident mainly comes from the decay heat of the fuel in the core and the spent fuel pool, and this part of the heat load is continuously reduced over time, especially at sites with extremely low temperatures in winter.
- the upstream heat load gradually decreases with time, and the SEU system may have a too low water supply temperature to the upstream users.
- the mechanical vent cooling tower 18 is brought into an intermittent operation to ensure that the hot side outlet temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger 10 is always maintained within a user acceptable range.
- the continuous circulation of the cooling water will gradually consume the water in the safety water pool 20, and the salinity of the stored water will be gradually Steps need to be drained and diluted, so it is necessary to continuously replenish water to the safe pool 20: If necessary, replenish the safe water tank 20 with production water or other clean fresh water; if there is no condition, you can go to the safety pool. 20 Supplement the cooling water provided by sea water or other open waters.
- the SEU system and method of the present invention has at least the following advantages:
- one or more of the following improvements may be made to the SEU system of FIG. 1 to further improve system reliability:
- Each unit can be equipped with a SEU system and upgraded to each RRI/SEC series to increase the redundancy of the diverse final heat sink;
- the seismic mechanical ventilation cooling tower 18 can be upgraded to a nuclear-grade mechanical ventilation cooling tower, thereby improving the protection capability of key equipment for internal and external disasters;
- the isolation valve to be operated can be changed to active (electric or pneumatic) and is guaranteed to be available under accident conditions.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1602110.7A GB2531479B (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-23 | Mid-long term cooling method and system for containment and spent fuel pool in nuclear power plant after occurring accident |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201310319947.4 | 2013-07-26 | ||
CN201310319947.4A CN104347124A (zh) | 2013-07-26 | 2013-07-26 | 核电厂安全壳及乏燃料水池事故后中长期冷却系统 |
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WO2015010398A1 true WO2015010398A1 (zh) | 2015-01-29 |
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PCT/CN2013/087733 WO2015010398A1 (zh) | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-23 | 核电厂安全壳及乏燃料水池事故后中长期冷却方法及系统 |
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CN (1) | CN104347124A (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2531479B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015010398A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
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CN113865904A (zh) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种多功能流动换热的试验装置 |
CN115274150A (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-01 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种基于集中海水冷却的二回路余热排出系统及方法 |
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CN105469841A (zh) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-04-06 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | 一种浮动核电站的设备冷却水系统 |
CN107767973B (zh) * | 2016-08-19 | 2020-05-05 | 中广核工程有限公司 | 核电厂乏燃料水池补充冷却装置 |
CN106448774B (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-12-29 | 中广核工程有限公司 | 核电厂最终热阱系统 |
CN109253090A (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-22 | 何巨堂 | 具有主电机冷却液应急循环功能的高温流体屏蔽电泵系统 |
CN108335764B (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-01-21 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | 一种小型堆乏燃料冷却和净化系统 |
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CN113409968A (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-17 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种用于核电厂丧失热阱工况下的制冷系统 |
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CN113865904A (zh) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种多功能流动换热的试验装置 |
CN115274150A (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-01 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种基于集中海水冷却的二回路余热排出系统及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104347124A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
GB2531479A (en) | 2016-04-20 |
GB201602110D0 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
GB2531479B (en) | 2020-10-14 |
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