WO2015010368A1 - 可资源化的挥发性有机尾气处理方法及撬装移动装置 - Google Patents

可资源化的挥发性有机尾气处理方法及撬装移动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015010368A1
WO2015010368A1 PCT/CN2013/084853 CN2013084853W WO2015010368A1 WO 2015010368 A1 WO2015010368 A1 WO 2015010368A1 CN 2013084853 W CN2013084853 W CN 2013084853W WO 2015010368 A1 WO2015010368 A1 WO 2015010368A1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
separation
gas
spray
separation chamber
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PCT/CN2013/084853
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
隋红
李喜青
熊忠
张涛
李鑫钢
董文威
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天津大学
北京大学
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Publication of WO2015010368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015010368A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75Multi-step processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1487Removing organic compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/44Organic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81Solid phase processes
    • B01D53/82Solid phase processes with stationary reactants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/005Extraction of vapours or gases using vacuum or venting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a resource-friendly volatile organic tail gas treatment method and an armored mobile device for organic contaminated soil remediation technology.
  • Soil Vapor Extraction SVE
  • Air Sparging AS
  • DPE Dual-Phase Extraction
  • MPE Multi-Phase Extraction
  • VOCs volatile organic pollutants
  • the mixture of volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds and air and water vapor that is pumped to the ground is referred to as the tail gas.
  • the adsorption method can recover pollutants.
  • the process uses activated carbon adsorption technology, but its adsorption capacity is limited. It is generally only used for the treatment of VOCs with low pollutant concentration, and the moisture in the exhaust gas will also adsorb.
  • the thermal oxidation technology [1] has the advantage that the exhaust gas is completely oxidized and decomposed, and the post-treatment is simple, but the pollutants are not recovered and recycled.
  • this method can be used for tail gas treatment with high pollutant concentration, the heat treatment cost is high, and the electric power control The cost is increased, and acid gas may be generated and greenhouse gas emissions may be increased to cause secondary pollution, while the equipment has a short life.
  • Membrane separation method Patent No. CN200820178507.6
  • the operating cost is low, the equipment has a large operating area and a long processing period, and there is also a problem that pollutants cannot be recycled.
  • VOCs tail gas armored treatment method and device are examples of repair technologies.
  • the system device according to the invention has simple structure, low cost, safety and reliability, and can be moved in a vehicle.
  • the VOCs tail gas treatment method is simple and easy, and has high economic value.
  • the volatile organic tail gas treatment method of the invention is applicable to the tail gas resource treatment system of the repair technology such as SVE, AS, DPE and MPE, and the process description is as follows:
  • Figure 1 The exhaust gas containing VOCs first enters the gas-liquid separator, and is separated.
  • the post-gas phase is processed by the fan output end into the shower room, and the gas for removing contaminants is discharged from the top of the shower chamber to the adsorption chamber for further purification and discharged to the atmosphere, and the spray enriched liquid is discharged from the shower chamber. After heat exchange, it enters the separation chamber.
  • the top of the separation chamber releases the organic pollutant mixed gas phase.
  • the gas phase passes through the condenser to carry a part of the spray agent and then returns to the separation chamber.
  • the remaining uncondensed gas phase is condensed by the cryocooler to recover the pollutant.
  • the storage tank and the cryostat are provided with a vacuum adjustment system, and the vacuum degree can be adjusted according to the operating conditions.
  • the lower part of the separation chamber is connected to the heating kettle, and the hot residue of the spray agent is cooled by the heat exchanger and then sent to the shower room by the pump. Recycling.
  • the operating conditions of the system are: the temperature of the shower room is 20 ⁇ 40°C, the design pressure is 101 ⁇ 500Kpa (absolute pressure); the temperature of the separation chamber is 70 ⁇ 240°C, and the pressure needs to be adjusted according to different treatment systems, the range is 5 ⁇ 60Kpa (absolute pressure); adsorption chamber temperature 20 ⁇ 40°C, pressure 101 ⁇ 150Kpa (absolute pressure); condenser temperature connected to separation chamber is 60 ⁇ 100°C; cryocooler according to different treatment system
  • the temperature is also different, the temperature range is from minus 10 ° C to minus 60 ° C; the temperature of the spray into the shower chamber is 20 ⁇ 40 ° C and is recycled by the pump.
  • the spray agent of the present invention can be selected according to the difference of the contaminated components of the contaminated site.
  • the optional sprays are triethylene glycol, N-methylpyrrolidone, sodium benzoate, ionic liquids and some conditioning auxiliaries. If additives are needed, the total amount of auxiliaries used is 5% to 30% of the total.
  • the invention protects the process while protecting the reagents selected for the development process.
  • the process of the invention selects a high selective spray agent, and under reasonable operating conditions, after treating the organic pollutants in the exhaust gas, the organic pollutant content in the gas can meet the national sewage discharge standard, and the high concentration involved in the soil repair is solved.
  • the problem of pollutant tail gas treatment is wider than that of the adsorption method, and there is no problem in the tail gas due to the effect of water treatment.
  • the specific equipment is used in the process system of the invention, and we design the vehicle-mounted skid-mounted mobile device according to the site requirements, and the size of the device is adjusted according to the processing capacity required by the site.
  • the process unit of the present patent protection example also protects process equipment devices of the same process and different sizes for other processes.
  • the specific structure and description of the device designed with the vehicle carrier as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the reference position of the equipment:
  • the armored assembly has a steel structure made of square steel (or I-beam), and the lowest water level of the heating kettle (6) is Datum.
  • the heating kettle is fixed to the reference plane by a support.
  • Larger equipment such as gas-liquid separation tank (1), spray chamber (3), adsorption chamber (4), separation chamber (5), pollutant storage tank (9), buffer tank (11) are fixed with supports Steel structure, where the pollutant storage tank (9) Below the buffer tank (11).
  • the elevation of the condenser (7), cryocooler (8), heat exchanger (13), and cooler (14) is:
  • the elevation of the heat exchanger (13) is the same as that of the heating kettle (6), and the cooler (14)
  • Above the heat exchanger the height of the condenser (7) is above the separation chamber (5), allowing the condensate to return to the upper inlet of the separation chamber, and the cryostat (8) is fixed to the heating kettle (6) with a steel structure.
  • higher than the pollutant storage tank (9) so that the condensate after the deep cooling flows to the storage tank by the difference.
  • the fan (2) is bolted to the elevation of the reference surface; the vacuum pump (10) is fixed with a steel structure above the heating kettle (6) at the level of the buffer tank (11), and the transfer pump (12) is installed below the reference surface to ensure The pump is filled with liquid.
  • the shower room device, the separation chamber device and the adsorption chamber device are vertical space devices, wherein the spray chamber is provided with liquid distribution internal parts, the separation chamber is provided with high-performance filler, and the adsorption chamber is filled with granular activated carbon and molecular sieve.
  • the size of the device can be correspondingly expanded and reduced according to different processing amounts.
  • the equipment heater (6) adopts an electric heating system (220V power supply); the start vacuum pump (10), the fan (2), and the transfer pump (12) are also 220V power sources.
  • the pressure source of the shower room (3) is that the fan boosts the gas and sends it into the spray chamber.
  • the spray chamber discharges the air line to install a pressure regulating valve to maintain a positive pressure in the spray chamber. When the device is disabled. Most of the spray agent is stored in the heating kettle (6), and a small portion is stored in the buffer space at the bottom of the spray chamber and the separation chamber.
  • the system adopts a skid-mounted structure, which can be moved in the vehicle according to the needs of the site, and the treatment is convenient and fast, and there is no disadvantage that the membrane separation method has a large occupied area and a long processing period.
  • the spray agent can be recycled after being purified, the purity can reach more than 99%, and the running cost is reduced, and the thermal oxidation method mentioned in the background art has high cost when processing high-concentration pollutant tail gas, and may generate twice. Pollution.
  • the removal efficiency of the organic pollutants after the shower chamber and the separation chamber can reach more than 99%, and the spray agent is separated and purified, and the pollutants are recovered, and the recovery rate of the pollutants after deep cooling is over 95%, It produces greenhouse gases that are more environmentally friendly than photolysis and plasma.
  • the invention provides a new process for treating VOCs tail gas by spray recovery + condensation + adsorption coupling technology, has wide applicability, can process VOCs tail gas in high and low concentration and different pollution degree places, and has an extensive treatment of organic pollution components.
  • the organic matter in the exhaust gas is recovered, and the armored structure of the device can be moved according to the needs of the pollution site.
  • Figure 1 Flow chart of the VOCs tail gas spray recovery + condensation + adsorption coupling technology process of the present invention
  • Figure 2 A top view of the reference azimuth of the resource-based exhaust gas process armored device of the present invention
  • Figure 3 Front view of the equipment for the resource-removing exhaust gas process of the soil remediation technology of the present invention.
  • the soil remediation technology VOCs exhaust gas resource disassembly equipment arrangement includes a gas-liquid separator (1), a fan (2), a shower room (3), an adsorption chamber (4), and a separation chamber ( 5), heating kettle (6), condenser (7), cryostat (8), pollutant storage tank (9), vacuum pump (10), buffer tank (11), transfer pump (12), heat exchanger (13), cooler (14).
  • the gas-liquid separator (1) is connected to the fan (2), the fan outlet is connected to the spray chamber (3), the gas phase inlet; the shower chamber gas outlet is connected to the adsorption chamber (4), and the shower chamber liquid outlet is connected to the condenser (7)
  • the heat exchanger (13) is connected, and then enters the lower part of the separation chamber (5); the lower part of the separation chamber is connected to the heating kettle (6), the heating kettle discharge is connected to the transfer pump (12), and then enters the heat exchanger, and then the cooler is connected (14).
  • the upper part of the separation chamber is connected to the condenser (7), the condenser is connected to the deep cooler (8), and the liquid phase after the deep cooling is connected to the pollutant storage tank (9);
  • the released gas is connected to the buffer tank (11), and then connected to the vacuum pump, and sent to the adsorption chamber from the outlet of the vacuum pump (10).
  • the equipment involved is fixed by steel structure and platform. The connection between equipments is selected according to the process flow. Different connected pipelines can be docked. After the equipment is installed, it can be placed on the site where pollutants need to be treated, and can be transported with the restoration site. mobile.
  • Soil remediation technology VOCs exhaust gas spray recovery + condensation + adsorption coupling technology treatment process shown in Figure 1, where the spray recovery system includes gas-liquid separator (1), fan (2), shower room (3), separation room (5), heating kettle (6), transfer pump (12), heat exchanger (13) and cooler (14) and their associated piping connections; condensing system including condenser (7), cryocooler (8) Connected to the contaminant storage tank (9) and its associated piping; the adsorption system consists of an adsorption chamber (4), a vacuum pump (10) and a buffer tank (11) and their associated piping connections.
  • the process gas containing high concentration of volatile or semi-volatile organic pollutants enters the gas-liquid separator (1), and the VOCs exhaust gas S1 after the gas-liquid separation is removed from the shower room by the fan (2) (3) The lower part is fed.
  • the spray agent is sprinkled from the spray chamber nozzle, and the spray chamber inlet pipe is installed with a flow meter to control the ratio of spray to exhaust gas.
  • the gas-liquid two phases in the spray chamber are reversely contacted to remove volatile or semi-volatile organic pollutants, and the remaining air S2 is discharged from the spray chamber top pressure regulating valve, purified by the adsorption chamber (4), and then vented to the atmosphere.
  • the spray-rich liquid S3 containing contaminants is discharged from the lower part of the shower chamber, and after heat exchange, enters the lower part of the separation chamber (5).
  • the separation chamber is connected to the heating kettle (6), and the vapor phase volatile or semi-volatile pollutant S5 is separated by vacuum thermal analysis.
  • the gas phase pollutant carries a small amount of spray agent and is condensed by the condenser (7) and returned to the separation chamber.
  • Aftercooler (8) The condensate S6 is recovered to the contaminant storage tank (9), and the deep cooler is connected to the vacuum system via the vacuum line S7.
  • the system pressure is adjusted by the vacuum pump (10) and the buffer tank (11), and the exhaust gas S8 is discharged into the adsorption chamber for purification.
  • the separated and purified sprayer lean liquid S4 is discharged from the separation chamber and sent to the spray chamber by the transfer pump (12) via the heat exchanger (13) and the cooler (14) for recycling.
  • the operating conditions of the system are: the temperature of the shower chamber is 20 ⁇ 40 °C, the pressure is 105 ⁇ 500Kpa; the temperature of the separation chamber is 70 ⁇ 240 °C, the pressure is 5 ⁇ 60Kpa; the temperature of the adsorption chamber is 20 ⁇ 40 °C; The temperature of the condenser is 60 ⁇ 100°C.
  • the cryostat has a temperature range of 10°C to minus 60°C depending on the pollutant system.
  • the sprayer cooling temperature is 20 ⁇ 40°C.
  • the operating conditions in Table 1, temperature, pressure, and equipment specifications can be selected according to different processing capacities, different treatment systems, and different operating environments.
  • a high concentration tail gas containing benzene, toluene and p-xylene is treated at a gas flow rate of 90 ml/min, and sprayed with a triethylene glycol reagent containing less than 5% of impurities.
  • the temperature of the shower room is 25 °C, and it is operated at normal pressure.
  • the process results after spraying are shown in Table 3 below:
  • the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gas extracted by the gas phase extraction device is about 1.5%, and the pumping flow rate is 500 m 3 /h.
  • the temperature of the spray chamber is 30 ° C, absolute pressure 500 Kpa, specification 400 mm x 600 mm x 4000 mm ; separation chamber temperature is 80 ⁇ 210 ° C, absolute pressure 6 Kpa, size 600 mm x 800 mm x 3500 mm; adsorption chamber temperature is 30 ° C, pressure l lOKpa, specification 400mmx400mmx3500mm; condenser temperature 80 °C, cryostat temperature -60 °C, spray cycle cooling temperature 30 °C.
  • Table 2 The process results are shown in Table 2 below:
  • the content of organic pollutants in the gas before treatment is 11.4kg/h.
  • the organic matter recovered after system treatment is l lkg/h, and the pollutant recovery rate is 96.5%.
  • the benzene processing heavy component pollutants are treated, and the concentration of the pollutants in the exhaust gas extracted by the gas phase extraction device is about 0.8%, and the pumping flow rate is 500 m 3 /h.
  • the temperature of the spray chamber is 30 ° C, absolute pressure 200 Kpa, size 500 mm X 600 mm X 4000 mm; separation chamber temperature is 80 206 ° C, absolute pressure 6 Kpa, size 600 mm X 800 mm X 3500 mm; adsorption chamber temperature 20 ° C, pressure 110Kpa, size 400mm X 400mm X 3500mm; condenser temperature 80 ° C, cryostat temperature -20 ° C, spray cycle cooling temperature 30 ° C.
  • Table 2 The process results are shown in Table 2 below:
  • the concentration of pollutants in the tail gas extracted by the gas phase extraction device is about 0.97%, and the pumping flow rate is 500 m 3 /h.
  • the temperature of the spray chamber is 30 ° C
  • the absolute pressure is 400 Kpa
  • the specification is 600 mm X 600 mm X 4000 mm
  • the temperature of the separation chamber is 70-220 ° C
  • the absolute pressure is 10 Kpa
  • the specification is 600 mm X 600 mm X 2000 mm
  • the temperature is 40 ° C
  • the pressure l lOKpa the specification is 400 mm X 400 mm X 4000 mm
  • the condenser temperature is 70 ° C
  • the cryostat temperature is -60 ° C
  • the spray agent is cooled and the temperature is 30 ° C.
  • the content of organic pollutants in the gas before treatment was 7.4kg/h, and the organic matter recovered after system treatment was 7.28kg/h, and the pollutant recovery rate was 98.38%.
  • the concentration of pollutants in the tail gas extracted by the gas phase extraction device is about 0.98%, and the pumping flow rate is 500 m 3 /h.
  • the temperature of the spray chamber is 20 °C
  • the absolute pressure is 200Kpa
  • the specification is 400mmx400mmx4000mm
  • the temperature of the separation chamber is 200 ⁇ 220°C
  • the absolute pressure lOKpa the specification is 400mmx400mmx2000mm
  • the temperature of the adsorption chamber is 30°C, the pressure l lOKpa, specification 400mmx400mmx4000mm
  • Table 2 The process results are shown in Table 2 below:
  • the invention invents and innovates the problem of high-concentration pollutant tail gas treatment in the process of gas phase extraction and soil remediation, and utilizes a highly selective spray agent, the treatment efficiency can reach 99.99%, and the organic pollutant content in the air is completely It meets the national sewage discharge standards and solves the problem of atmospheric pollution.
  • the volatile organic pollutants are effectively recovered, the recovery rate is over 95%, the spray agent can also be recycled, the economic benefit is improved, the operating cost is reduced, and the treatment system of the invention adopts a skid-mounted structure, which can be based on the site. It needs to be moved by car, which is convenient and quick to handle.

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Abstract

一种可资源化的挥发性有机尾气处理方法:含VOCs的尾气首先进入到气液分离器(1),分离后气相(S1)由风机(2)输出端进入到喷淋室(3)处理,去除污染物的气体从喷淋室(3)顶排出到吸附室(4)进一步净化后排放到大气,喷淋剂富液(S3)从喷淋室(3)下排出,在热交换器(13)换热后进入到分离室(5),分离室(5)顶部放出有机污染物混合气相(S5)经过冷凝器(7)将携带一部分的喷淋剂冷凝后返回分离室(5),剩余的未凝气相由深冷器(8)冷凝后回收到污染物储存罐(9),深冷器(8)后设有真空调节系统,分离室(5)下部连接加热釜(6),热分离后的喷淋剂贫液(S4)经热交换器(13)冷却后由泵输送到喷淋室(3)进行循环利用。

Description

可资源化的挥发性有机尾气处理方法及撬装移动装置 技术领域
本发明涉及土壤修复技术领域, 具体是有机污染土壤修复技术的可资源化的挥发性有 机尾气处理方法及撬装移动装置。 背景技术
气相抽提修复技术 (Soil Vapor Extraction, SVE)、 空气喷射技术 (Air Sparging, AS )、 双相抽提 (Dual-Phase Extraction, DPE) 及多相抽提技术 (Multi-Phase Extraction, MPE) 是处理土壤或者地下水中挥发性有机污染物的有效原位修复技术, 被美国环保局 (EPA) 大力倡导推广, 在发达国家的应用已经非常成熟, 这些技术在国内也正逐渐发展为一种标 准的环境修复技术。
以上几种技术最终都需要通过抽提的方法把土壤不饱和区或者地下水区域中的挥发性 有机污染物 (VOCs ) 抽到地上, 继而进一步处理。 被抽至地上的挥发性或半挥发性有机 化合物及空气和水蒸汽的混合物称之为尾气。 国内外对于 VOCs尾气处理工艺有吸附法、 热处理法和膜分离法等。 吸附法(专利号 CN201210334393.0 )可以回收污染物, 其工艺多 采用活性炭吸附技术,但其吸附容量有限,一般仅用于污染物浓度较低的 VOCs尾气处理, 尾气中的水分也会使吸附效果下降, 且吸附污染物后的活性炭后处理复杂。 热氧化技术 [1] 优点是尾气被全部氧化分解, 后处理简单, 但污染物未实现回收和资源化, 此法虽可用于 污染物浓度较高的尾气处理, 但热处理成本高, 电力动力控制费用增加, 而且可能会产生 酸性气体并增加温室气体排放造成二次污染, 同时设备寿命短。 膜分离法 (专利号 CN200820178507.6 ) 处理尾气虽然运行成本较低, 但是设备占地大, 处理周期长, 同样存 在污染物无法回收利用的问题。 其他的分离方法, 如压缩冷凝法由于尾气中空气占 95%以 上, 大量能耗浪费在压缩冷却空气上; 光解法则适用于低浓度尾气; 而等离子处理法目前 尚不成熟, 且有机污染物不可回收。
参考文献:
[1]周明艳,杨明德,党杰. 蓄热式热氧化器处理挥发性有机化合物. 环境保护, 2001 ( 11 ) 发明内容
本发明的目的, 是提供一种可适用于 SVE、 AS、 DPE和 MPE等修复技术的可资源化 VOCs尾气撬装式处理方法及装置。
本工艺发明所涉及的系统装置结构简单, 成本低, 安全可靠, 可车载移动。 VOCs尾 气处理方法简单易行, 经济价值高。
本发明的技术如下:
本发明的挥发性有机尾气处理方法, 适用于 SVE、 AS、 DPE和 MPE等修复技术的尾 气资源化处理系统, 其工艺叙述如下如图 1 : 含 VOCs的尾气首先进入到气液分离器, 分 离后气相由风机输出端进入到喷淋室处理, 去除污染物的气体从喷淋室顶排出到吸附室进 一步净化后排放到大气, 喷淋剂富液从喷淋室下排出, 在热交换器换热后进入到分离室, 分离室顶部放出有机污染物混合气相, 气相经过冷凝器将携带一部分的喷淋剂冷凝后返回 分离室, 剩余的未凝气相由深冷器冷凝后回收到污染物储存罐, 深冷器后设有真空调节系 统, 可根据操作条件调节真空度, 分离室下部连接加热釜, 热分离后的喷淋剂贫液经热交 换器冷却后由泵输送到喷淋室进行循环利用。
系统操作条件为喷淋室的温度为 20~40°C, 设计压力为 101~500Kpa (绝压); 分离室 的温度为 70~240°C, 压力需要根据不同处理物系调节, 范围在 5~60Kpa (绝压); 吸附室 温度 20~40°C, 压力 101~150Kpa (绝压); 分离室连接的冷凝器温度为 60~100°C; 深冷器 根据处理污染物体系的不同设定温度也不同, 温度范围为零下 10°C至零下 60°C ; 喷淋剂 进喷淋室温度为 20~40°C由泵输送循环利用。
本发明所述喷淋剂可根据污染场地污染组分的不同而选择。 可选择的喷淋剂有三甘 醇、 N-甲基吡咯烷酮、 苯甲酸钠、 离子液体和一些调节助剂, 如果需要用助剂调配, 一般 助剂使用量为总量的 5%~30%。 该发明保护处理工艺同时保护开发工艺所选的试剂。
本发明工艺, 选用高选择性喷淋剂, 在合理的操作条件下, 处理尾气中有机污染物后, 气体中有机污染物含量可达到国家规定的排污标准, 解决了土壤修复中涉及的高浓度污染 物尾气处理问题, 比吸附法适用范围广, 不存在尾气中因含水影响处理效果的问题。
本发明工艺系统中使用具体设备, 根据现场需要我们设计成车载撬装式移动装置, 装 置的大小根据场地需要的处理量调节。 本专利保护实例中的工艺装置同时还保护其他处理 量的相同工艺不同大小的工艺系统装置。
以汽车载体为例设计的装置具体结构和说明如图 2、 图 3设备基准位置: 撬装组合体 有方钢 (或者工字钢) 制作的钢结构, 以加热釜 (6) 最低端水平面为基准面。 加热釜用 支座固定在基准平面上。 较大的设备如气液分离罐 (1 )、 喷淋室 (3 )、 吸附室 (4)、 分离 室(5 )、 污染物储存罐(9)、 缓冲罐(11 )用支座固定在钢结构上, 其中污染物储存罐(9) 在缓冲罐 (11 ) 的下方。 冷凝器 (7)、 深冷器(8)、 热交换器 (13 )、 冷却器 (14 ) 的标高 为: 热交换器 (13 ) 的标高与加热釜 (6 ) 相同, 冷却器 (14 ) 在热交换器的上方, 冷凝 器 (7 ) 的高度在分离室 (5 ) 的上方, 使凝液能返回分离室的上方进口, 深冷器 (8 ) 用 钢结构固定在加热釜 (6 ) 的上方, 比污染物储存罐 (9 ) 高, 使深冷后的凝液依靠位差流 到储存罐。 风机(2 )用螺栓固定在基准面标高; 真空泵(10 )用钢结构固定在加热釜(6 ) 上方与缓冲罐 (11 ) 平齐标高处, 输送泵 (12 ) 安装在基准面下方, 保证泵内充满液体。
所述的喷淋室设备、 分离室设备和吸附室设备均为立式空间设备, 其中喷淋室内安装 液体分布内件, 分离室内安装高性能填料, 吸附室内填充颗粒活性碳和分子筛。 所述设备 的大小可根据不同处理量进行相应扩大和缩小。
所述的设备加热器(6 )采用电加热系统(220V供电); 启动真空泵(10)、 风机(2)、 输送泵(12 )也为 220V电源。 喷淋室(3 )的压力来源是风机将气体升压后送入喷淋室内, 喷淋室排出空气管线顶安装调压阀, 维持喷淋室内成正压。 在设备停用时。 喷淋剂大部分 都储存在加热釜 (6 ) 内, 少部分储存在喷淋室和分离室底部缓冲空间。
本发明工艺, 系统采用撬装式结构, 可根据场地需要车载移动, 处理方便快捷, 不存 在膜分离法占地面积大且处理周期长的缺点。
本发明工艺, 喷淋剂提纯后可循环利用, 纯度可达 99%以上, 降低了运行成本, 而背 景技术中提到的热氧化法处理高浓度污染物尾气时成本高, 而且可能产生二次污染。
本发明工艺, 经喷淋室和分离室之后有机污染物去除效率可达 99%以上, 既分离提纯 了喷淋剂又回收了污染物, 深冷后污染物的回收率在 95%以上, 不会产生温室气体, 比光 解和等离子法更适应环保要求。
本发明提出一种喷淋回收 +冷凝 +吸附耦合技术处理 VOCs尾气的新工艺,适用性广泛, 可以处理高低浓度不同污染程度场所的 VOCs尾气,且有效处理的有机污染组分非常广泛, 还能回收尾气中有机物, 另外装置的撬装式结构可根据污染现场需要而移动。 附图说明
图 1: 本发明 VOCs尾气喷淋回收 +冷凝 +吸附耦合技术处理工艺流程图;
图 2: 本发明资源化尾气工艺撬装式设备基准方位俯视图;
图 3 : 本发明土壤修复技术资源化尾气工艺撬装式设备布置正视图。
其中: 1、 气液分离器; 2、 风机; 3、 喷淋室; 4、 吸附室; 5、 分离室; 6、 加热釜; 7、 冷凝器; 8、 深冷器; 9、 污染物储存罐; 10、 真空泵; 11、 缓冲罐; 12、 输送泵; 13、 热 交换器; 14、 冷却器。
物流说明: S1-气液分离后的 VOCs尾气; S2-喷淋去除污染物的剩余空气; S3喷淋剂富液; S4-喷淋剂贫液; S5-分离出的气相有机物; S6-深冷后的冷凝液; S7-抽真空管线; S8-真空 尾气。 具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图 2、图 3所示,土壤修复技术 VOCs尾气资源化撬装设备布置包括气液分离器(1)、 风机(2)、 喷淋室(3)、 吸附室(4)、 分离室(5)、加热釜(6)、冷凝器(7)、深冷器(8)、 污染物储存罐 (9)、 真空泵 (10)、 缓冲罐 (11)、 输送泵 (12)、 热交换器 (13)、 冷却器 (14)。 其中气液分离器 (1) 连接风机 (2), 风机出口连接喷淋室 (3) 气相进口; 喷淋 室气体出口连接吸附室 (4), 喷淋室液相出口连接冷凝器 (7) 之后连接热交换器 (13), 然后进入分离室 (5) 下部; 分离室下部连接加热釜 (6), 加热釜出料连接输送泵 (12) 后进入热交换器, 然后连接冷却器 (14), 最后进入喷淋室上部进口, 分离室上部气体连 接冷凝器 (7), 冷凝器连接深冷器 (8), 深冷后的液相连接污染物储存罐 (9); 深冷后的 放出的气体连接缓冲罐 (11) 之后连接真空泵, 由真空泵 (10) 出口送入吸附室。 所涉及 的设备通过钢结构和平台固定, 设备之间连接根据工艺流程选择不同型号管道对接, 连接 好的设备撬装后可安置在需要处理污染物的现场, 并可以随修复场地的迁移而车载移动。
土壤修复技术 VOCs尾气喷淋回收 +冷凝 +吸附耦合技术处理工艺如图 1所示, 其中喷 淋回收系统包括气液分离器 (1)、 风机 (2)、 喷淋室 (3)、 分离室 (5)、 加热釜 (6)、 输 送泵 (12)、 热交换器 (13) 和冷却器 (14) 及其相关的管道连接; 冷凝系统包括冷凝器 (7)、 深冷器(8)和污染物储存罐(9)及其相关的管道连接; 吸附系统包括吸附室(4)、 真空泵 (10) 和缓冲罐 (11) 及其相关的管道连接。 工艺整体流程介绍: 土壤修复后含高 浓度挥发性或半挥发性有机污染物的工艺气体进入气液分离器 (1), 由风机 (2) 将气液 分离后的 VOCs尾气 S1从喷淋室 (3) 下部送入。 喷淋剂从喷淋室喷头洒下, 喷淋室进口 管道安装流量计以控制喷淋剂与尾气比例。 喷淋室内气液两相经过逆向接触, 去除挥发性 或半挥发性有机污染物, 剩余的空气 S2从喷淋室顶调压阀排出, 经过吸附室 (4) 净化后 放空到大气。 含污染物的喷淋剂富液 S3从喷淋室下部排出, 经热交换后进入分离室 (5) 下部。分离室连接加热釜(6), 经过真空热解析, 分离出气相挥发性或半挥发性污染物 S5, 气相污染物携带少量喷淋剂经冷凝器 (7) 冷凝后返回分离室, 气相污染物经深冷器 (8) 后的冷凝液 S6回收到污染物储存罐 (9), 深冷器经真空管线 S7连接真空系统, 由真空泵 ( 10) 和缓冲罐 (11 ) 调节系统压力, 排出的尾气 S8 进入吸附室净化。 分离纯化的喷淋 剂贫液 S4从分离室排出, 由输送泵 (12) 经热交换器 (13 ) 和冷却器 (14) 送至喷淋室 继续进行循环利用。 该系统操作条件为, 喷淋室的温度为 20~40°C, 压力为 105~500Kpa; 分离室的温度为 70~240°C,压力为 5~60Kpa;吸附室温度 20~40°C;冷凝器温度为 60~100°C, 深冷器根据污染物物系不同设定温度范围为零下 10°C至零下 60°C, 喷淋剂循环冷却温度 20~40°C。
表 1 塔操作条件
Figure imgf000007_0001
表 1中操作条件, 温度、 压力、 设备规格可根据不同的处理量、 不同的处理物系以及 不同的操作环境进行选择。
实施例 1
处理某一含污染物苯、 甲苯、 对二甲苯的高浓度尾气, 气体流量为 90ml/min, 用含杂 质 5%以下的三甘醇试剂作喷淋处理。 喷淋室温度为 25 °C, 常压操作, 喷淋后得到工艺结 果如下表 3 :
表 3工艺处理结果
Figure imgf000007_0002
实施例 2
气相抽提装置抽出的尾气中含污染物浓度为 1.5%左右, 抽气流量为 500m3/h。 按照操 作条件为喷淋室的温度为 30°C, 绝压 500Kpa, 规格 400mmx600mmx4000mm; 分离室的 温度为 80~210°C, 绝压 6Kpa, 规格 600mmx800mmx3500mm; 吸附室的温度为 30°C, 压 力 l lOKpa, 规格 400mmx400mmx3500mm; 冷凝器温度 80°C, 深冷器温度 -60°C, 喷淋剂 循环冷却后温度 30°C。 工艺得到结果如下表 2:
表 2 工艺处理结果 原始抽出气体质 处理后排出气体
中文名称 有机物处理效率% 量分率 质量分率
水 3000ppm lppm 99. 9以上 二氯乙焼 3000ppm lppm 99. 9以上
二氯甲烷 2000ppm 306ppb 99. 9以上
甲苯 2000ppm 56ppb 99. 9以上 苯 lOOOppm 58ppb 99. 9以上 异丙醇 856ppm 33ppb 99. 9以上
二氯乙烯 692ppm 269ppb 99. 9以上
三氯乙烯 662ppm 295ppb 99. 9以上
二甲苯 519ppm 491ppb 99. 9以上
甲基乙基酮 252ppm 41ppb 99. 9以上
乙酸乙酯 390ppm 140ppb 99. 9以上
正己烷 176ppm 219ppb 99. 9
戊烷 649ppm 7ppm 98. 9
环己烷 649ppm 506ppb 99. 9以上
辛烷 47ppm 196ppb 99. 6
空气 0. 985 0. 99999 达到排放要求 处理前有机污染物在气体中的含量为 11.4kg/h, 经过系统处理后回收的有机物为 l lkg/h, 污染物回收率 96.5%。
实施例 3
处理苯加工重组分污染物, 气相抽提装置抽出的尾气中含污染物浓度为 0.8%左右, 抽 气流量为 500m3/h。 按照操作条件为喷淋室的温度为 30°C, 绝压 200Kpa, 规格 500mm X 600mm X 4000mm;分离室的温度为 80 206 °C,绝压 6Kpa,规格 600mm X 800mm X 3500mm; 吸附室的温度为 20°C, 压力 110Kpa, 规格 400mm X 400mm X 3500mm; 冷凝器温度 80°C, 深冷器温度 -20°C, 喷淋剂循环冷却后温度 30°C。 工艺得到结果如下表 2:
表 2 工艺处理结果
Figure imgf000008_0001
处理前有机污染物在气体中的含量为 6.5kg/h, 经过系统处理后回收的有机物为 6.21kg/h, 污染物回收率 95.5%。 实施例 4
处理卤化烃污染物, 气相抽提装置抽出的尾气中含污染物浓度为 0.97%左右, 抽气流 量为 500m3/h。按照操作条件为喷淋室的温度为 30°C,绝压 400Kpa,规格 600mm X 600mm X 4000mm; 分离室的温度为 70~220°C, 绝压 10Kpa, 规格 600mm X 600mm X 2000mm; 吸附室的温度为 40°C, 压力 l lOKpa, 规格 400mm X 400mm X 4000mm; 冷凝器温度 70°C, 深冷器温度 -60°C, 喷淋剂循环冷却后温度 30°C。 工艺得到结果如下表 2:
表 2 工艺处理结果
Figure imgf000009_0001
处理前有机污染物在气体中的含量为 7.4kg/h, 经过系统处理后回收的有机物为 7.28kg/h, 污染物回收率 98.38%。
实施例 5
处理含氧有机污染物, 气相抽提装置抽出的尾气中含污染物浓度为 0.98%左右, 抽气 流量为 500m3/h。 按照操作条件为喷淋室的温度为 20°C, 绝压 200Kpa, 规格 400mmx400mmx4000mm; 分离室的温度为 200~220°C , 绝压 lOKpa, 规格 400mmx400mmx2000mm ; 吸 附 室 的 温 度 为 30°C , 压 力 l lOKpa , 规 格 400mmx400mmx4000mm; 冷凝器温度 80°C, 深冷器温度 -30°C, 喷淋剂循环冷却后温度 20°C。 工艺得到结果如下表 2:
表 2 工艺处理结果
原始抽出气体质 处理后排出气体
中文名称 有机物处理效率% 量分率 质量分率
水 1956ppm 小于 lppm 99. 9以上 异丙醇 1956ppm 小于 lppm 99. 9以上
丁酮 1695ppm 小于 lppm 99. 9以上 甲酸乙酯 1565ppm 小于 lppm 99. 9以上
乙醇 1304ppm 小于 lppm 99. 9以上 乙酸乙酯 1304ppm 小于 lppm 99. 9以上
空气 0. 985 0. 99999 达到排放要求 处理前有机污染物在气体中的含量为 7.5kg/h, 经过系统处理后回收的有机物为 7.37kg/h, 污染物回收率 98.26%。
从以上工艺过程可知, 本发明针对气相抽提修复土壤过程中高浓度污染物尾气处理问 题进行了发明创新, 利用高选择性的喷淋剂, 处理效率可达 99.99%, 空气中有机污染物含 量完全达到国家规定的排污标准, 解决了大气环境污染问题。 另外使挥发性有机污染物得 到有效回收, 回收率达到 95%以上, 喷淋剂也可循环利用, 提高了经济效益, 降低了运行 成本, 而且本发明处理系统采用撬装式结构, 可根据场地需要车载移动, 处理方便快捷。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 资源化的挥发性有机尾气处理方法, 其特征是含 VOCs的尾气首先进入到气液分离器, 分离后气相由风机输出端进入到喷淋室处理, 去除污染物的气体从喷淋室顶排出到吸 附室进一步净化后排放到大气, 喷淋剂富液从喷淋室下排出, 在热交换器换热后进入 到分离室, 分离室顶部放出有机污染物混合气相, 气相经过冷凝器将携带一部分的喷 淋剂冷凝后返回分离室, 剩余的未凝气相由深冷器冷凝后回收到污染物储存罐, 深冷 器后设有真空调节系统, 分离室下部连接加热釜, 热分离后的喷淋剂贫液经热交换器 冷却后由泵输送到喷淋室进行循环利用。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征是喷淋室的温度为 20-40°C, 压力为 105-500Kpa; 吸 附室温度 20~40°C, 压力 101~150Kpa, 排出的气体组分中污染物均低于允许排放浓度, 达到空气排放标准。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征是分离室操作条件是的温度为 70-240°C, 压力为在 5-60Kpa; 与分离是连接的冷凝器温度为 60~100°C。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征是深冷器温度范围为 -10°C至 -60°C ; 分离室分离出的 喷淋剂循环利用回喷淋塔冷却后温度为 20~40°C。
5. 实现可资源化的挥发性有机尾气处理的撬装移动装置, 其特征是以加热釜 (6) 最低端 水平面为基准面, 加热釜用支座固定在基准平面上; 气液分离罐 (1 )、 喷淋室 (3 )、 吸附室 (4)、 分离室 (5 )、 污染物储存罐 (9)、 缓冲罐 (11 ) 用支座固定在钢结构上, 其中污染物储存罐 (9) 在缓冲罐 (11 ) 的下方; 冷凝器 (7)、 深冷器 (8)、 热交换器
( 13 )、 冷却器 (14) 的标高为: 热交换器 (13 ) 的标高与加热釜 (6) 相同, 冷却器
( 14) 在热交换器的上方, 冷凝器 (7) 的高度在分离室 (5 ) 的上方, 使凝液能返回 分离室的上方进口, 深冷器 (8 ) 用钢结构固定在加热釜 (6) 的上方, 比污染物储存 罐 (9) 高, 使深冷后的凝液依靠位差流到储存罐; 风机 (2) 用螺栓固定在基准面标 高; 真空泵 (10) 用钢结构固定在加热釜 (6) 上方与缓冲罐 (11 ) 平齐标高处, 输送 泵 (12) 安装在基准面下方, 保证泵内充满液体。
6. 如权利要求 5 所述的装置, 其特征是所述的喷淋室设备、 分离室设备和吸附室设备均 为立式空间设备, 其中喷淋室内安装液体分布内件, 分离室内安装高性能填料, 吸附 室内填充颗粒活性碳和分子筛。
7. 如权利要求 5 所述的装置, 其特征是所用设备通过钢结构和平台固定, 设备之间根据 工艺流程连接, 连接好的系统采用撬装式, 根据场地需要车载移动。
8. 如权利要求 5所述的装置, 其特征是加热器 (6) 采用电加热系统 220V供电; 启动真 空泵 (10)、 风机 (2)、 输送泵 (12) 为 220V电源; 喷淋室 (3 ) 的压力来源与风机将 气体升压后送入喷淋室内, 喷淋室排出空气管线顶安装调压阀, 维持喷淋室内成正压; 在设备停用时, 喷淋剂大部分都储存在加热釜 (6) 内, 少部分储存在喷淋室和分离室 底部缓冲空间。
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