WO2015006969A1 - Dispositif servant à favoriser la libération d'un pesticide - Google Patents

Dispositif servant à favoriser la libération d'un pesticide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015006969A1
WO2015006969A1 PCT/CN2013/079677 CN2013079677W WO2015006969A1 WO 2015006969 A1 WO2015006969 A1 WO 2015006969A1 CN 2013079677 W CN2013079677 W CN 2013079677W WO 2015006969 A1 WO2015006969 A1 WO 2015006969A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
holder
active
arm
substrates
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/079677
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vivek Bansal
William Thomas DAIN
Garen Kouyoumjian
Naceur Rekaya
Barry Yates
Dennis Chan
Sudhir Dhawan
Ben PENG
David Sanders
Original Assignee
Reckitt Benckiser (Brands) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reckitt Benckiser (Brands) Limited filed Critical Reckitt Benckiser (Brands) Limited
Priority to PCT/CN2013/079677 priority Critical patent/WO2015006969A1/fr
Priority to AU2014291817A priority patent/AU2014291817B2/en
Priority to PCT/GB2014/052197 priority patent/WO2015008083A1/fr
Publication of WO2015006969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015006969A1/fr
Priority to PH12016500113A priority patent/PH12016500113A1/en
Priority to AU2018202055A priority patent/AU2018202055B2/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2055—Holders or dispensers for solid, gelified or impregnated insecticide, e.g. volatile blocks or impregnated pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2033—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating using a fan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
    • A01M29/12—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using odoriferous substances, e.g. aromas, pheromones or chemical agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for promoting the release of an active compound, preferably a pesticide, from a substrate.
  • the pesticide active is an insecticide to control insects, particularly mosquitoes.
  • the device comprises a mechanism for promoting the release of the active compound, preferably a pesticide, that is powered by mechanical means and/or stored mechanical energy.
  • the heat source usually takes the form of combustion (or burning) or electrical heating.
  • Substrates such as coils impregnated with an active ingredient and citronella oil candles require burning to release the active while other devices such as liquid electrical emanating devices rely on electricity to provide the heat to the active so that it vaporises into the atmosphere.
  • the release rates of active insecticides from continuous action products such as mosquito coils, candles, liquid vaporisers and electrically heated mats are essentially independent of the surrounding environment as the driving force for discharge of the active is supplied from within the system.
  • the present inventors have found an effective device for promoting the release of at least one active pesticide compound from a substrate; wherein the device comprises a mechanism for providing energy to promote the release of the at least one active pesticide from the at least one substrate; and wherein the mechanism is powered by mechanical means or stored mechanical energy; and further wherein the device does not use or contain a source of electrical power or energy.
  • the device of the present invention provides the regular and even release of the active while not requiring electrical power.
  • the device achieves this by a mechanism powered by mechanical means or more preferably stored mechanical energy.
  • the device of the present invention may operate in one of two basic ways. Firstly it may actively pass air over or through the fixed substrate or secondly, it may actively move the substrate through the air.
  • the mechanism comprises a gearing and a fan to pass air through or over the substrate.
  • the mechanism comprises gearing and an arm (connected to the substrate) to move the entire substrate through the air in a regular and controlled fashion.
  • this motion may be through rotation of the arm or by a controlled swinging motion.
  • the stored mechanical energy is provided by a wind up mechanism such as a wound mechanical spring.
  • the mechanism by providing a controlled amount of energy, in terms of movement of air across the substrate provides a more consistent level of chemical active to be released from the device. This steady release level allows the device to be a more effective and consistent insect repellent across a wider range of temperatures.
  • the device comprises a frame.
  • the frame may be any structure to readily enable the attachment of substrates to the device.
  • the frame may, for instance comprise clips or a slot to receive the substrate. The invention is not limited to these methods.
  • the frame is designed to attach with the holder portion of the substrate, if that preferred feature is used.
  • the frame may be designed to attach directly with the substrate.
  • the frame is connected to the arm.
  • the frame is preferably located such that it is superimposed over the fan.
  • the device may have a single frame for receiving a substrate.
  • the device may have two or more frames attaching two or more substrates.
  • the outer housing of the device may be any shape suitable to contain the mechanism for promoting the release of the active and associated parts for storing and releasing mechanical energy.
  • the substrate may be retained inside the internal housing of the device. In alternative embodiments the substrate may also be retained external to the internal housing of the device.
  • the outer housing may be made of any material capable of supporting the internal workings of the device.
  • Suitable materials include but are not limited to plastic, paper, cardboard, coated paper, coated cardboard, metal, wood, coated wood and combinations thereof. It will be appreciated that the coated paper, cardboard and wood include but are not limited to foil coated, plastic coated cardboard and resin coated paper, cardboard and wood. It will be appreciated that plastic coated includes laminated materials.
  • the outer housing is made of plastic.
  • the mechanism for promoting the release of the active comprises gearing and a movable arm to pass the substrate through the air.
  • the substrate is fixed to the arm and the gearing mechanism converts the stored mechanical energy into movement of the arm.
  • the substrate is attached to the end of the arm of the device in a tensioned state.
  • the substrate is attached to the arm via a frame.
  • the substrate is maintained in a tensioned state by a holder.
  • the holder may be reversibly attached to the substrate.
  • the holder may be continuous with the substrate and non removable.
  • the substrate and therefore the end of the arm is located externally to the main outer housing of the device.
  • the movement effected by the arm is preferably simple harmonic motion.
  • the arm and substrate moved through the air in regular cycle to promote the release of the active. This enables clear calculations to be made on the air flow/volume across and through the substrate.
  • the gearing mechanism may include a pendulum to aid the smoothness of the motion or provide extra resistance to the motion.
  • the pendulum may form a discrete feature in the gearing mechanism.
  • a pendulum may be incorporated into the arm.
  • the arm may also be connected to the device via a pivot point along its length and its movement may be centred around this point.
  • the arm may be fixed at one end and swing backwards and forwards.
  • the substrate may be connected to any part of the swinging arm.
  • the substrate is connected to the end of the arm to provide maximum movement through the air for each cycle of the arm.
  • the arm may simply rotate.
  • the substrate may be attached to a frame on the side of the arm (in a flag/pole arrangement) and the rotation of the arm will pull the substrate through the air.
  • the substrate may also attach to the frame on the arm via a holder.
  • the mechanism for promoting the release of the active is a fan.
  • the fan may be completely contained inside the device.
  • the outer housing may then contain an inlet and an outlet to allow a flow of air through the device.
  • the fan may be at least partially exposed to the room.
  • the substrate may be located in close proximity.
  • the substrate (and associated holder) will be held in a frame that is designed to be held near the fan on the device.
  • the inlet and outlet are the same, but in a preferred arrangement they are distinct features.
  • the inlet and the outlet are disposed directly opposite each other on opposing sides of the outer housing. This arrangement provides a straight path through the device for a flow of air.
  • the device may have a closure mechanism.
  • the closure mechanism may be able to close the inlet and outlets. This may be done to prevent the emanation of any active compound from the substrate when the device was not needed.
  • the closure mechanism is adjustable.
  • adjustable it is meant that the inlets and outlets may be controllably opened and closed such that the operator or user of the device may determine what proportion they are opened and closed. The purpose of this may be to reduce or increase the flow of air through the device as needed to obtain optimum performance.
  • the fan would be placed between the inlet and the outlet of the device to generate maximum airflow.
  • the fan would be placed directly in line with substrate.
  • the substrate and any associated holder would also be located within a frame inside the device. This arrangement enables the substrate to be kept away from accidental contact with the user or others and fixes the relationship of the substrate and fan for maximum efficiency.
  • the device is not powered by an electrical source, either by mains electricity or a battery.
  • the device is also not powered by a heat source.
  • the mechanism, either providing motion or fan will be powered by mechanical means and preferably by stored mechanical energy.
  • the mechanical energy may be supplied by the user of the device.
  • the mechanism would be powered by a wind up device.
  • the wind up mechanism would be wound by the user of the device, prior to being used and this would slowly release the energy needed to power the mechanism for promoting the emanation of the active from the substrate.
  • the wind up mechanism and storage may be closely analogous to that contained within a mechanical clock.
  • the mechanical energy stored within the device may be capable of powering the mechanism of any of the embodiments for at least two hours, preferably four hours and most preferably eight hours.
  • the mechanical energy may be capable of powering the fan for more than ten hours, preferably more than twelve hours without needing to be replaced by the user of the device.
  • a substrate comprising an active compound, suitable for use for use with any of the devices of the present invention
  • the substrate may be formed from any fibrous material that can reversibly absorb or adsorb an active material.
  • the substrate is formed from cellulosic fibres or man-made fibres.
  • Preferred man-made polymer fibres are polyester or polyamide fibres and more preferably polyethylene terephthalate fibres.
  • the substrate may be a non-woven fabric.
  • the substrate is fixed to a holder to maintain the substrate in a substantially tensioned state and allow easy handling of the substrate by the user without contamination of their hands by the active.
  • the substrate and holder are discrete and separable and preferably the discrete holder is formed from paper or card.
  • the holder and substrate are continuous and inseparable.
  • the holder is formed from the same material as the substrate.
  • the holder is ultrasonically welded to the substrate.
  • the active compound is a pesticide and preferably wherein the pesticide is an insecticide.
  • the active compound is a pyrethroid, preferably metofluthrin.
  • the substrates of suitable for use with the devices of the present invention comprise between O.lmg and 20mgs of active compound.
  • the substrate comprises two or more active compounds.
  • a particularly preferred substrate for use with the devices of the present invention comprises;
  • non-woven polyester material with a basis weight of between 15 and 25 grams per square metre (gsm), with a single side surface area of between 15cm 2 and 40cm 2 ;
  • a holder formed from struts of an amorphous polyester film ultrasonically sealed to the non-woven substrate to keep the substrate in a substantially tensioned state; and a pyrethroid, between 0.1 mg and 5 mg, preferably between 0.5 mg and 2.5 mg and most preferably between 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg.
  • a further preferred substrate comprises non-woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a basis weight of between 18 and 22 gsm and single side surface area of between 25cm 2 to 36 cm 2 .
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • kits comprising a device the invention and at least one substrate with or without holder.
  • a kit comprising a device the invention and at least one substrate with or without holder.
  • there may be 10 or more substrates, preferably 20 or more substrates and most preferably 30 or more substrates.
  • a method of controlling insects preferably flying insects, for at least 8 hours, comprising the steps of:
  • Figure 1 shows a exploded view of a motion embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • Figures 2 A and B show an alternative motion embodiment of a motion device.
  • FIGS 3 A to D show a further alternative motion embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 4 A to C show an embodiment of the device comprising a fan.
  • the devices of the present invention are designed to be simple, cost effective standalone insecticidal devices that provide many hours of unaided insecticide performance, regardless of ambient conditions, without needing an external electrical power source to operate or a heat source.
  • the device is also an extremely safe method for insect control when compared with other methods that do not require electrical power such as coils or candles.
  • the devices of the invention will only release the pesticidal active (or actives) and the active alone. Coils in particular release smoke and other acrid chemicals as well as the insecticides into the air. Both coils and candles are also effectively an open flame with the normal hazards associated with fire in the home.
  • the device achieves greater, more consistent performance with the substrate than the use of bare substrates alone (due to the controlled an constant movement of air relative to the substrate compared with a purely passive design, see WO2008/012507 Al and WO2006/134353 Al.
  • the invention comprises two parts.
  • the first is a mechanical device
  • the second is a substrate comprising an active.
  • the substrates may be usable. However it is preferred that the substrates are disposable. They will have an active life, be consumed and discarded and a fresh substrate applied to the device for further operation.
  • non-woven materials are used as substrates.
  • Non-wovens are well known and used in many industries. It is preferred that non-wovens of man-made fibres are used. Particularly preferred are polyester and polyamides.
  • an active compound is preferably a pesticide active compound.
  • the active compound could also be a non-pesticide.
  • the device of the present invention could equally promote the release of any volatile active compound.
  • actives that may be used are perfumes and scents.
  • the at least one pesticide active may be any suitable active known in the art.
  • the pesticide active may be a mixture or two or more discrete actives used in combination.
  • "pesticide active” means any active with a physical effect on a pest. This includes actives with lethal effects on the pest species and non-lethal effects, such as repellency. These may be combined with other actives such as scents and dyes as required.
  • the pesticide active will be an insecticide active.
  • Particularly preferred actives are those described in U.S. patent 6,582,714 or other synthetic pyrethroids.
  • the insecticide active will be a pyrethoid, preferably a vapour active pyrethroid.
  • a vapour active pyrethroid is one that will vaporise at ambient temperature.
  • the one or more vapour active pyrethroids are preferably selected from the group consisting of metofluthrin (1.9 mPa/ 25°C), transfluthrin (0.40 mPa/20°C), empenthrin (14 mPa/23.6°C), methothrin, tefluthrin (8.4 mPa/20°C,), and fenfluthrin (1.0 mPa/20°C), or combinations thereof.
  • the vapour pressures of these compounds are given in parentheses. It will be appreciated that one or more vapour active pyrethroids may be employed in the present invention.
  • the vapour active pyrethroid is metofluthrin.
  • Metofluthrin has high potency against mosquitoes, flies, and moths.
  • metofluthrin is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl-(EZ)- (lRS,3RS;lRS,3SR)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(prop-l-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.
  • Metofluthrin is available from the Sumitomo Chemical Company.
  • the one or more substrates have the ability to hold an insecticidally effective amount of the one or more vapour active pyrethroids and then emanate that specific amount to near completion at an insecticidally effective amount when the substrate is exposed to air and the fan is on.
  • An insecticidally effective amount may be understood to mean the amount of vapour active pyrethroid required to be impregnated into the substrate to result in emanation of the vapour active pyrethroid from the substrate in an amount that is insecticidally effective for a specified period of time.
  • the substrate is impregnated with one or more vapour active pyrethroids in an amount of approximately 10 - 20,000 mg/m 2 , more preferably 100 - 10,000 mg/m 2 , even more preferably 500 - 5,000 mg/m 2 .
  • the substrate is impregnated with 100-200mg/m 2 of the active compounds.
  • Preferred substrate sizes are between 20 and 80 cm 2 per use. This combination of active density and size of substrate may be suitable to make substrates that will be effective in the device at least for 8 hours, preferably at least for ten hours or most preferably at least 12 hours.
  • larger sizes of substrates may be used with the same loading level of pesticide active.
  • the same substrate sizes may be used with higher loadings of the pesticide actives for longer lasting effects.
  • the emanation or release of the actives (preferably vapour active pyrethroids) from the one or more substrates into the surrounding environment may be referred to as the emanation rate or release rate and will be understood to mean the depletion of an amount of actives (preferably vapour active pyrethroids) from the fibres of the one or more substrates over a certain period of time and has a unit of measurement of mg/h (milligrams per hour).
  • the emanation rate is a measure of efficacy in controlling flying insects.
  • the inventors have found that the factors that control the emanation rate are primarily ambient temperature, airflow provided by the fan or motion of the substrate through the air, air permeability and porosity of the fibres of the material making up the substrate for any given surface area and the amount of active present on the substrate.
  • the amount of the active (preferably vapour active pyrethroid) coated and/or dosed onto the substrate will also clearly be a factor in determining the duration of effective emanation of the pyrethroid.
  • vapour active pyrethroid preferably metofluthrin
  • a vapour active pyrethroid preferably metofluthrin
  • the emanation rate of about 0.040 mg/h may be referred to as the "minimum effective emanation rate” (MEER). It will be understood that reference to the phrase “effective emanation rate” throughout the specification will mean an emanation rate of 0.040 mg/h or more.
  • MEER minimum effective emanation rate
  • This MEER may be achieved by controlling a variety of parameters including but not limited to the material of the substrate; the available emanation surface area, ambient temperature, and air flow provided by the fan or movement of the substrate through the air.
  • Some air movement is required in order for the pyrethroid to emanate from the one or more of the simple substrates alone into the atmosphere.
  • the rate of emanation increases with increased air flow.
  • a minimal air flow such as the movement of people or open windows and/or doors, may allow a simple passive substrate to provide minimum emanation rate of about 0.040 mg/h, given suitable temperature. But this cannot be relied upon consistent and this is why the devices of the present invention offer superior performance.
  • the possibility of achieving reliable and predictable emanation of the active (preferably vapour active pyrethroid) from the substrate according to the present invention at low temperatures in the range of about 15-21 ° C contributes to the commercial viability of the various aspects of the invention. It is particularly at these lower temperatures when the passive substrates described in WO2008/012507 Al and WO2006134353 Al struggle to maintain MEER.
  • the correct level of air flow over/through the substrate can been maintained consistently for many hours regardless of ambient temperature.
  • one at least one vapour active pyrethroid at an insecticidally effective rate will be emanated from the device.
  • an insecticidally effective rate is the emanation rate required to control the insects in the atmosphere when the insect control article is in use. Accordingly, it will be understood that the insecticidally effective rate will at least be equal to the MEER.
  • the device will have a closure mechanism to close the inlet and outlet to prevent (or decrease) the flow of air through the device. This will prevent the loss of the active to the environment when the device is not needed.
  • the emanation rate of the vapour active pyrethroid from the one or more substrates is affected by a number of parameters, apart from environmental factors such as temperature and airflow, including, air permeability and porosity.
  • the vapour active pyrethroid may be applied to the one or more substrates by any method known to persons skilled in the art, for example, a solution of the pyrethroid could be applied by droplets, spraying or dipping.
  • the size of substrates used will depend on effective pesticide active loading and the duration required for emanation.
  • the area of substrate preferably used in the device may be between 0.0005m 2 and lm 2 , more preferably 0.001m 2 and 0.25m 2 , more preferably 0.002m 2 and 0.1m 2 and 0.0025m 2 and 0.05m 2 .
  • the substrate may be used in any shape, the simplest shape being square sections of substrate. For the purposes of aesthetics, any shape maybe used for the substrates as long as the surface area and active loading levels are maintained.
  • the one or more substrates are impregnated with the one or more active pesticide compounds.
  • the pesticide actives are insecticides and more preferably they are vapour active pyrethroids.
  • the preferred vapour active pyrethroid is metofluthrin.
  • the vapour active pyrethroid is dissolved in a carrier solvent.
  • the carrier solvent may be any solvent or combination of solvents in which the vapour active pyrethroid is soluble.
  • the inventors have identified two important physical properties of solvents that may be used to characterise and classify preferred carrier solvents.
  • the first is the boiling point and the second is the evaporation rate according to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D3539-87 (Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer).
  • the carrier solvent has a boiling point in the range between about 33-285°C, more preferably, about 50-265°C.
  • the carrier solvent may be selected from, but not limited to, chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g. 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform); alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-propanol); ketones (e.g. acetone); alcohol and ketone mixtures (e.g. acetone/ethanol (1:1 by volume)); normal paraffins with a boiling point range of about 155-276°C (e.g.
  • Norpar 12 dearomatised aliphatic hydrocarbons and their blends in the boiling point range of about 33-265 ° C (e.g. pentane, heptane, hexane, Exxsol D40, Exxsol D80 and Exxsol D100); isoparaffins in the boiling point range of about 150-285°C (e.g. Isopar G, and Isopar M); glycol ethers in the boiling point range of about 120-243°C; natural or synthetically derived aroma chemicals as discussed above.
  • the Norpar, Exxsol and Isopar solvents are all available from Mobil Exxon.
  • the inventors have found that the use of low boiling point solvents with high evaporation rates will be effective as carrier solvents.
  • the inventors have also found that the use of higher boiling point solvents with lower evaporation rates leads to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the one or more substrates are impregnated with the vapour active pyrethroid, preferably metofluthrin in a carrier solvent.
  • the vapour active pyrethroid preferably metofluthrin
  • the carrier solvent used is preferably a solvent that does not evaporate within about 10 minutes after application onto the substrate and more preferably is characterised by having a high boiling point and a low evaporation rate.
  • the evaporation rate of the carrier solvent is required to be faster than that of the vapour active pyrethroid.
  • the carrier solvent has a boiling point in the range of about 120-285 ° C, more preferably about 150-265 ° C, and may be selected from known solvents including but not limited to normal paraffins with a boiling point range of about 155-276°C, such as Norpar 12; dearomatised aliphatic hydrocarbons and their blends in the boiling point range of about 150 -265°C such as Exxsol D40, Exxsol D80 and Exxsol D100; isoparaffins in the boiling point range of about 150-285°C such as Isopar G and Isopar M and glycol ethers in the boiling point range of about 120-243°C.
  • normal paraffins with a boiling point range of about 155-276°C, such as Norpar 12
  • dearomatised aliphatic hydrocarbons and their blends in the boiling point range of about 150 -265°C such as Exxsol D40, Exxsol D80 and Exxsol D100
  • the carrier solvent used has an evaporation rate according to ASTM D3539-87 of less than about 1.0, a boiling point in the range of about 120- 285°C, preferably about 150-265 ° C.
  • solvents used for applying a vapour active pyrethroid to the substrate may be employed as carrier solvents in all aspects of the present invention that require a carrier solvent.
  • carrier solvents While the use of carrier solvents is discussed with particular reference to vapour active pyrethroids, it will be understood that the use of carrier solvents as described above is contemplated in connection with the application of any vapour active substance to the multifilament polyester or polyamide fibre substrate requiring the presence of a carrier solvent.
  • substrate will be understood to mean a foraminous material.
  • foraminous material it will be understood that the material has foramina, is full of holes and/or is porous.
  • holes will be understood to mean openings of any shape in or through the material. It will be appreciated that the foraminous material may result from holes being made in the material or by virtue of the way the material is manufactured.
  • the foraminous material includes but is not limited to any material formed by weaving, interweaving, interlacing, knitting or closely linking fibres e.g. lace or crochet; a mesh of fibres to form a mesh material, e.g. by knotting the intersections of the fibres to form meshes; a loosely-coherent sheet of fibres.
  • Suitable substrates for use in the present invention are also disclosed in WO2008/012507 Al and WO2006/0134353 Al which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the foraminous material is a non-woven material of low weight basis weight.
  • the substrates of the present invention are made from man- made fibres such as polyesters and polyamides. A particularly preferred polyester is PET.
  • the holes in the substrate have a hole size greater than about 0.01 mm 2 , more preferably greater than about 0.05 mm 2 .
  • the foraminous material of the substrate may be made of natural or synthetic fibres. Natural fibres include but are not limited to cellulosic material, cotton, silk and wool. Synthetic fibres include but are not limited to polyester or polyamide fibres. Preferably, the substrate is formed from synthetic fibre. In one preferred embodiment, the substrate is formed from polyester or polyamide fibre. Preferably, the polyamide is nylon.
  • a particularly preferred polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the fibres that make up the foraminous material may be composed of a number of filaments and hence be termed “multifilament” or composed of a single filament and hence be termed “monofilament”.
  • the substrate is made of multifilament fibres, more preferably multifilament polyester or polyamide fibres.
  • the multifilament fibre has a filament count per thread greater than one, however counts of about 10-40 are preferred.
  • the filaments that make up the fibre have a diameter of about 10-30 ⁇ .
  • the filaments may be circular, trilobal, hollow or any other suitable cross-sectional shape which, when bundled together, form fibres suitable for knitting, weaving, interlacing, linking etc.
  • polyester or polyamide filaments having a diameter of about 10-30 ⁇ are used to form the foraminous material of the substrate.
  • the present inventors have found that multifilament fibres provide for an increase in surface area from which the one or more vapour active pyrethroids can emanate compared to material made of monofilament fibres, due to the increased number of filaments used to construct the fibres.
  • the present inventors have found that it is the multifilament character of the multifilament polyester or polyamide fibre that enhances the wetting properties of the fibre and the ability of the fibre to retain or hold the one or more vapour active pyrethroids.
  • Ease of wetting is an important aspect as it allows for the rapid distribution of the one or more vapour active pyrethroids throughout the substrate. This is achieved by applying droplets of a solution containing the vapour active pyrethroid to the substrate and allowing it to spread by capillary action.
  • the multifilament polyesters or polyamides generally wet more easily than monofilament polyesters or polyamides and are therefore preferable in distributing a solution containing a vapour active pyrethroid throughout the substrate by capillary action.
  • An associated advantage with the substrate being made of multifilament fibres, particularly multifilament polyester or polyamide fibres, is that the one or more vapour active pyrethroids will vapourise to a point where there is minimal residual substance remaining on the substrate.
  • the present inventors have found that when a substrate made of multifilament polyester or polyamide fibres is dosed with, for example, one or more vapour active pyrethroids in a carrier solvent, they evaporate to near completion.
  • the present inventors have recognised the importance of the ability of the substrate to hold an insecticidally effective amount of the one or more vapour active pyrethroids and then emanate that amount of one or more vapour active pyrethroids to near completion when the insect control article is in the open position and the substrate is exposed to air.
  • This characteristic has been recognised as a preferred feature in providing an insect control article that is effective and economical to use and manufacture.
  • the multifilament polyester or polyamide substrate may be a woven or knitted fabric.
  • any type of weave is suitable and may include plain, twill or satin weaves for example which have their usual meanings in the art.
  • knitted fabrics may include both warp and weft knitting for example which have their usual meanings in the art.
  • the multifilament polyester or polyamide (also referred to as a "polyester or polyamide thread” or “polyester or polyamide yarn”) may be zero-twist, twisted or plaited or any other form suitable for weaving or knitting and may be manufactured from a continuous filament or from staple fibres.
  • the substrate may be a multifilament knitted or woven substrate and the multifilament substrate may be in the form of a net or mesh.
  • the substrate is a non-woven mesh of multifilament fibres.
  • the fibres are polyester fibres and most preferably PET fibres.
  • a "polyester” is defined as a manufactured fibre in which the fibre- forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to substituted terephthalate units and para substituted hydroxy-benzoate units. Persons skilled in the art, however, will appreciate that this is only one definition of the term "polyester” and other definitions are also encompassed by the invention.
  • the polyamide fibre is nylon.
  • nylon is defined as a manufactured fibre in which the fibre-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide having recurring amide groups as an integral part of the polymer chain. Persons skilled in the art, however, will appreciate that this is only one definition of the term “nylon” and other definitions are also encompassed by the invention.
  • the term “net” encompasses any open fibre material made of knotting the intersections of the fibres to form meshes. Nets can be made in a variety of mesh sizes and weights matched to varying end uses.
  • the term "knitted” material encompasses a method of constructing material by an interlocking series of loops of one or more fibres.
  • the two major classes of knitting are warp knitting and weft knitting.
  • the term “knitted” material also encompasses any material in which the one or more filaments of a fibre pass through one another as they cross each other. This is opposed to a "woven" substrate wherein the one or more filaments of a fibre pass above and below one another as they cross each other.
  • Nonwoven fabrics are broadly defined as sheet or web structures bonded together by entangling fibre or filaments (and by perforating films) mechanically, thermally or chemically. They are flat or tufted porous sheets that are made directly from separate fibres.
  • air permeability is an important characteristic in providing an insect control article that is effective and economical to use and manufacture.
  • the device of the present invention comprises one or more substrates that may be tensioned. It may further comprise one or more untensioned substrates.
  • tensioned it is meant the substrate is held within a holder in a taut configuration.
  • the holder may formed from any material.
  • the holder may connect to the substrate on multiple sides.
  • the holder may also cross the surface of the substrate.
  • the one or more substrates each have a width and a length.
  • the one or more substrates may take any shape desired.
  • the substrate is preferably rectangular or square in shape.
  • the holder may attach to the substrate along one or more of its edges and may attach one or more times across its centre.
  • the holder will comprise bars along all four sides of the substrate and may further comprise one or two more bars that span across the substrate.
  • the combined surface area of the one or more substrates is in the range of about 10 - 10,000 cm 2 .
  • the preferred surface area for indoor use of the insect control article of the invention is about 10- 400 cm 2 , more preferably the surface area is about 15-150 cm 2 .
  • the one or more substrates will have a total surface area of at least 20cm 2 , preferably at least 30 cm 2 , more preferably at least 35 cm 2 and most preferably at least 40cm 2 .
  • the total surface area measurement values are of single sides of substrates only.
  • a 6cm x 6cm substrate will be considered to have a total surface area of 36cm 2 .
  • the opposite side is not counted.
  • the one or more substrates each has a mass (basis weight) in the range of about 10 - 100 grams per square meter (gsm), more preferably in the range of about 15 - 80 gsm and most preferably in the range of about 20-60 gsm.
  • tensioned it will be understood that the substrate is held taut, stretched out or extended in length. It will be appreciated that when the substrate is tensioned, it will be extended in length to its maximum length so that a maximum surface area of the substrate is available for emanation. Generally the substrate will be held in a tensioned state by a holder. The holder may be seperable from the substrate or inseperable.
  • the degree of tension may vary due to a number of factors including but not limited to: properties of the material of the substrate such as elongation characteristics (e.g. elasticity); the weight of the material of the substrate and the method of attachment of the substrate to the holder. It will be understood that the at least one tensioned substrate is not tensioned until breaking point.
  • the substrate will be considered to be "un-tensioned" when the substrate is not taut, stretched out or extended to its maximum length but instead buckles, kinks, distorts, hangs loose or relaxes.
  • the device may comprise more than one tensioned substrate.
  • more than one tensioned substrate is present and the substrates are spaced alongside one another so as to achieve the desired emanation of the one or more pyrethroids.
  • the substrate may be impregnated with a further active or air treatment chemical.
  • air entering the device will pick up some of the volatile chemical, and dispense it out of the device.
  • This further treatment chemical may be a fragrance for example. This example may be utilised by the user as a convenient end of life indicator.
  • mosquito control it is preferred to use an airflow rate through the device at about 4 to 6 cubic feet per minute (0.113 to 0.170 cubic meters per minute). It is also preferred to have the fabric configured so that the pressure drop across the substrate is no more than 40 Pa.
  • Suitable substrates can be made of woven or non- woven materials providing only minimal resistance to the airflow.
  • the substrate should also be capable of holding active ingredient dosed onto the material and also allow ready migration of the active to the surface of the substrate so as to allow its evaporation in response to the airflow.
  • suitable materials include, only by way of example, polyester, polypropylene, cotton, cellulose, poly-rayon, and other similar fabrics. These may be non-wovens with basis weights ranging from 10 gsm to 40 gsm, fabricated from synthetic, natural, or combined synthetic and natural polymeric materials.
  • the ideal substrate should also allow for wicking of the active ingredient following dosing so as to ensure efficient distribution throughout the substrate, and thereafter allow migration of active ingredient to the substrate's surface to replenish the active ingredient that is being evaporated by the passing airflow. Dosing may be by dropping, spraying, printing, or other conventional delivery of a liquid active ingredient to the substrate.
  • a particularly desirable fabric is a non-woven felted material with a basis weight of 20-30 gsm fabricated from polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the substrates may be impregnated to differing levels of active depending on their intended use length.
  • the substrates may be intended to last 8 hours, or 12 hours or 24 hours etc.
  • the substrates are to be disposable, and discarded once used.
  • the substrates may be recycled.
  • the disposable substrates will be pre-supplied in holders which are also disposable.
  • the substrates will be designed to last for the similar length of time as the device remains powered.
  • the motion of the device will act as its very own life indicator. Once the motion ceases, the user will know that they need to replace the substrate with a new fully loaded substrate before utilising the device again. Holder
  • the substrates used are retained on holders.
  • the preferred substrates are sheets of low weight materials, either woven or non-wovens with little inherent structural stability. They may easily fold or bunch. This will limit the surface area available to the environment. Thus for maximum efficacy in use and ease of use reasons it is desirable to use a holders as they may be used to hold the substrates in a fully extended or tensioned state.
  • the holder can also provide ergonomic benefits making it much easier to handle the substrates, ease of adding them to and removing them from the device and limiting contact the skin of the user of the device and the surface of the substrates.
  • the holder may comprise attachment means.
  • the holder is designed to interact readily with the frame of the device.
  • a holder may be a simple external frame to which a section of substrate can be attached.
  • the holder provides the most support possible while covering the smallest amount of the surface of the substrate as possible.
  • the holder may be stylised for aesthetic reasons and remain technically effective.
  • the holder may be constructed from any material.
  • the holder may be reusable and each new substrate may be attached to the holder prior to use.
  • Examples of materials for reusable holders may be metal, or plastic.
  • the holders may be disposable and in addition may be provided with each substrate ready for use. This is preferred as it limits the potential contact of the users skin to the substrate.
  • the holders may be made of card.
  • the holder is completely integral to the substrate and is formed from the same or similar materials.
  • the holder may be formed from struts of solid films of the fibres used to form the substrate (or similar material) and glued or ultrasonically bonded or welded to the surface of substrate. This arrangement is also highly effective for a disposable substrate.
  • the substrate would be formed of a non-woven polyester of between 15 and 30 grams per square meter.
  • the holder would be formed from struts of polyester film of between 150 and 250 grams per square meter.
  • the struts would be connected to the substrate by adhesive or by ultrasonic welding.
  • the struts may be along each edge of the substrate and one or more cross struts.
  • the required tension may be less than that however. Fewer struts may be used if stronger struts are used.
  • the struts may be applied to one face only of the substrate. Alternatively they may be provided to both faces of the substrate.
  • the purpose of the mechanism and gearing is to transfer the stored energy in the mechanical system into energy to promote the release of the active substance from the substrate.
  • the main aspect of the gearing is to provide the correct amount of resistance to the stored energy to allow a steady and controlled release over time.
  • the gearing may be similar to that found on a large clock or similar mechanically powered device.
  • the mechanism may be used to turn a fan to propel air, or the mechanism may be used to move a mechanical arm. The motion of the arm then propels the substrate through the air to promote the release of the active.
  • the concept of the gearing remains the same. The skilled person will have no problem in adjusting this to fit this to the intended duration and energy stored.
  • Fan The skilled person will be able to determine the required RPM rate of the fan blade to provide the desired air flow to achieve the MEER.
  • the RPM rate to increase or reduce emanation rate may be controlled by adjusting the fan speed.
  • Typical speeds required to achieve the MEER for a fan bases embodiment may be between 60 and 240 RPM, preferably 80 and 200 RPM, more preferably between 100 and 180 RPM and most preferably between 120 and 160 RPM.
  • the devices of the present invention may have a control to adjust the fan speed. These may include two or three or more speed settings. Thus given a higher ambient temperature the user of the device may opt to lower the fan speed.
  • the arm embodiments or the invention allow for other adjustments to increase or decrease the rate of emanation of the active to achieve the MEER other than just rate of arm motion.
  • the arm may be lengthened or shortened such that the substrate experiences greater or less air travel per movement cycle.
  • the Arm may be provided in an adjustable form so that the user may extend or shorten the arm as required.
  • the angle of motion may be any required.
  • the arm may rotate continuously the full 360 degrees if desired.
  • the arm may move up to 120 degrees backwards and forwards, preferably up to 100 degrees, more preferably up to 90 degrees in simple harmonic motion.
  • typical cycle speeds for the arm based embodiments to achieve the MEER level may be between 20 and 300 RPM, preferably 60 and 250 RPM, more preferably between 120 and 200 RPM and most preferably between 140 and 160 RPM.
  • the metal spring length should be at least two metres long, preferably at least 2.5 metres long and most preferably 3.0 metres long.
  • the thickness of the spring should be at least 0.1 cm in diameter, preferably at least 0.2 cm in diameter, more preferably at least 0.3 cm in diameter.
  • the spring should be capable of being readily wound by hand.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a device according to the present invention.
  • the device is substantially circular and has a front housing 1 and a rear housing 2.
  • the front housing has feet 12 attached to allow the device to stand upright on its circumference.
  • the front housing has a gap 3 in its edge to allow arm 4 to extend out of the device.
  • the arm of this example has an internal end and an external end.
  • At the external end of arm 4 is a frame 5.
  • the frame 5 is designed to allow the ready attachment of a holder 6. Holder 6 may slide into frame 5. Alternatively holder 6 may clip or otherwise easily and removably attach to frame 5.
  • Holder 6 will support the impregnated substrate (not shown) in a substantially tensioned state.
  • gear module 8 This contains the gearing required to provide the correct amount of resistance to the source of stored mechanical energy, in this case spring 11. This allows for the steady release of the energy over the desired period of intended operation.
  • the arm moves about the pivot point in response to the energy provided.
  • the angle the arm moves through the air can be calculated per cycle.
  • the rate of movement may be increased or the arm length may be increased, such that the substrate held at the end travels further through the air per cycle of movement.
  • the gear module is connected to the spring by connecter portion 9.
  • the arm and gear module sit on chassis portion 10 which sits over the coiled spring 11.
  • Spring connecter 9 passes through the chassis 10 to connect to the spring 11.
  • Handle 13 is connected to the spring through rear housing 2 to allow the spring to be wound.
  • Figures 2A and 2C show an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the device is hemi- ellipsoid with front 1 and rear 2 housing panels.
  • Rotatable handle 13 is located on the front housing panel 1.
  • the arm 4 of this embodiment is entirely external to the device housing.
  • Frame 5 is located at the end of the arm.
  • a holder comprising the substrate (not shown) will be able to slide into frame 5.
  • the arm is moved via connection to movement assembly mechanism 14.
  • the turning of movement assembly 14 will propel arm 4 back and forth.
  • the movement assembly 14 is connected to the internal gearing and spring, not shown.
  • Figures 3 A to D show a close alternative to the embodiment of Figure 2.
  • the arm is orientated downwards and the device is designed to sit on a table, shelf or mantelpiece. In all other regards the device is identical.
  • Figures 3 C and D showed the internal layout of the embodiments of both Figure 2 and 3. (The arm configuration of Figure 3 is shown but the internal workings apply to both.)
  • the spring 9 is mounted on one side of an internal mounting.
  • the gearing module 8 is situated on the other. Handle 13 is connected through the front panel 1 to the spring 9.
  • the Spring 9 in turn is connected through an internal mounting to the gearing unit 8.
  • the gearing unit 8 is in turn connected through the rear panel to external movement assembly mechanism 14 which rocks the arm 4 back and forth.
  • Figures 4 A to C show an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the mechanism for promoting the release of the active is a fan.
  • Figures 4A and 4B show a cutaway of the embodiment of the device.
  • Spring 9 is located on the inside of rear housing 2.
  • the gearing module 8 then connects the spring to fan 15.
  • a handle located on the underside of 2 to enable the winding of spring 9 is not shown.
  • Figure 4C shows the device with top housing 1 in place.
  • the top housing contains spiral gap 16 to allow air to flow out of the device. Air gaps in the side or rear housing would be provided to allow a flow of air through the device.
  • a holder 6 containing a substrate can be slid in about out of top housing 1.
  • This slot comprises the frame for this embodiment. This positions the substrate above fan 15 and below the spiral gap 16. This design is effective in both keeping the substrate away from prying hands (internal to the device) and in close proximity with the fan.
  • the initial Experiment 1 began with a fresh substrate according to the present invention.
  • the substrate was a 25cm 2 , (5cm x 5cm square) pad of PET non-woven fabric with a 20gsm weight.
  • the substrate was impregnated with 2mg of metofluthrin.
  • Mean KD% is the mean % knockdowns of mosquitos. (Experiments repeated 3 times). The mortality rate after 24 hours is also the mean percentage after three measurements.
  • the device of the present invention offers substantial improvements in performance over a standard mosquito coil.
  • the substrate is still able release high levels of metofluthrin after 8 hours.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif servant à favoriser la libération d'un composé actif, de préférence un pesticide, à partir d'un substrat. Le dispositif comprend un mécanisme servant à favoriser la libération du composé actif, de préférence un pesticide, qui est mis en fonctionnement grâce à des moyens mécaniques et/ou à une énergie mécanique stockée.
PCT/CN2013/079677 2013-07-19 2013-07-19 Dispositif servant à favoriser la libération d'un pesticide WO2015006969A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2013/079677 WO2015006969A1 (fr) 2013-07-19 2013-07-19 Dispositif servant à favoriser la libération d'un pesticide
AU2014291817A AU2014291817B2 (en) 2013-07-19 2014-07-18 Device for promoting the release of a pesticide
PCT/GB2014/052197 WO2015008083A1 (fr) 2013-07-19 2014-07-18 Dispositif pour activer la libération d'un pesticide
PH12016500113A PH12016500113A1 (en) 2013-07-19 2016-01-18 Device for promoting the release of a pesticide
AU2018202055A AU2018202055B2 (en) 2013-07-19 2018-03-22 Device for promoting the release of a pesticide

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2013/079677 WO2015006969A1 (fr) 2013-07-19 2013-07-19 Dispositif servant à favoriser la libération d'un pesticide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015006969A1 true WO2015006969A1 (fr) 2015-01-22

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PCT/GB2014/052197 WO2015008083A1 (fr) 2013-07-19 2014-07-18 Dispositif pour activer la libération d'un pesticide

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PH (1) PH12016500113A1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2015006969A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9913924B2 (en) 2016-05-25 2018-03-13 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Dispensing device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX356989B (es) 2011-07-13 2018-06-22 Clarke Mosquito Control Products Inc Composiciones insecticidasy métodos de uso de las mismas.
US10980235B2 (en) * 2017-02-13 2021-04-20 Clarke Mosquito Control Products, Inc. Insecticidal composition

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US6391329B1 (en) * 1994-08-08 2002-05-21 Earth Chemical Co., Ltd. Insect pest control method
US20070257016A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Rovcal, Inc. Heated Device for Dispensing a Volatile Active

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GB1516845A (en) * 1975-09-12 1978-07-05 Drg Ltd Vapour release pack
JPS62204756A (ja) * 1986-03-04 1987-09-09 大研医工株式会社 薬剤揮散方法および装置
US7007861B2 (en) * 2000-06-08 2006-03-07 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Methods and personal protection devices for repelling insects
JP2004329160A (ja) * 2003-05-12 2004-11-25 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd 殺虫器
US8882998B2 (en) * 2008-12-15 2014-11-11 Firmenich Sa Device for dispensing a volatile substance

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6391329B1 (en) * 1994-08-08 2002-05-21 Earth Chemical Co., Ltd. Insect pest control method
US20070257016A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Rovcal, Inc. Heated Device for Dispensing a Volatile Active

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9913924B2 (en) 2016-05-25 2018-03-13 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Dispensing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2018202055B2 (en) 2019-12-19
WO2015008083A1 (fr) 2015-01-22
AU2018202055A1 (en) 2018-04-19
PH12016500113A1 (en) 2016-07-04
AU2014291817A1 (en) 2016-02-11
AU2014291817B2 (en) 2018-03-22

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