WO2015005501A1 - ペットフードの製造方法及びペットフード - Google Patents
ペットフードの製造方法及びペットフード Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015005501A1 WO2015005501A1 PCT/JP2014/073161 JP2014073161W WO2015005501A1 WO 2015005501 A1 WO2015005501 A1 WO 2015005501A1 JP 2014073161 W JP2014073161 W JP 2014073161W WO 2015005501 A1 WO2015005501 A1 WO 2015005501A1
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- fat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K50/42—Dry feed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K50/45—Semi-moist feed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pet food manufacturing method and a pet food.
- dry-type pet food is preferred from the viewpoint of easy feeding and storage for pets.
- This dry type pet food is excellent in nutritional balance.
- the dry type pet food is inferior to the wet type pet food depending on the manufacturing method. Under such circumstances, a method for producing a dry-type pet food with high palatability is demanded.
- Patent Document 1 in order to provide a dry-type pet food with high palatability, food pellets obtained by granulating a pet food composition containing raw materials are prepared, and the surface of the food pellets is high.
- a method for producing a pet food that forms a coating powder layer composed of fats and oils with a melting point, fats and oils with a low melting point and umami powder is disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a pet food with more excellent palatability.
- the present invention is a coating step of coating the surface of the granulated hood grain with a hardened oil and fat, an adhesion step of attaching a palatability improver to the surface of the hood grain coated with the hardened oil and fat in the coating step,
- the present invention relates to a method for producing pet food having
- the melting point of the hardened fat is preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
- the hardened fat is a fat hardened by hydrogenation.
- the coating step it is preferable to coat the surfaces of the granulated hood grains with the deodorized hardened fats and oils.
- the attaching step is performed in an atmosphere at 65 to 80 ° C.
- the hardened oil / fat is preferably made of animal oil / fat.
- the hardened oil is made from vegetable oil.
- the present invention relates to a pet food manufactured by any one of the above pet food manufacturing methods.
- the pet food in this embodiment is a pet food for cats or dogs, and is a so-called dry type pet food having a moisture content of 12% by mass or less, or having a moisture content of greater than 12% by mass and 16% by mass or less. It is a so-called semi-moist (half-life) type pet food.
- ⁇ Pet food production method The manufacturing method of the pet food of this embodiment has granulation process S1, coating process S2, and adhesion process S3, as shown in FIG.
- the granulation step S1 is a step of obtaining food granules by granulating a food kneaded product obtained by kneading pet food raw materials.
- pet food raw materials are first kneaded to obtain a food kneaded product.
- the pet food raw material used in the pet food manufacturing method of the present embodiment include those generally used as a pet food raw material. Proteins and carbohydrates are important nutrients contained in the raw materials.
- Examples of the protein include plant-derived proteins, animal-derived proteins, and mixtures thereof.
- examples of the plant-derived protein include proteins derived from gluten, wheat, soybean, rice, corn and the like.
- examples of animal-derived proteins include proteins derived from muscles, organs, etc. of cattle, pigs, chickens and seafood, proteins derived from milk, or mixtures thereof.
- These protein sources can also contain fat, vitamins, iron, etc., so they can be used as nutrient sources.
- carbohydrate examples include carbohydrates of grains such as corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, and soybeans. These cereals can contain proteins, ash, minerals, vitamins and the like in addition to carbohydrates, and can therefore be used as a nutrient source. In addition to the protein and the carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals, amino acids, sugars, salts, fats, animal protein extracts (extracts) and the like may be added as the pet food raw material.
- the method for kneading the pet food raw material is not particularly limited.
- a method for kneading the pet food raw material a known method of pulverizing the pet food raw material with a pulverizer and kneading with a mixer or the like can be applied.
- the food kneaded product obtained by kneading the pet food raw material is then granulated.
- the method for granulating the food kneaded product is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to perform granulation by a method using an extruder (extruder).
- “granulate” means that the food kneaded material is molded into a shape and size suitable for pets to eat.
- the shape of the hood grain is not particularly limited. Examples of the shape of the food grains include a spherical shape, a polygonal shape, a columnar shape, a donut shape, a plate shape, and a meteorite shape.
- the size of the food grains to be molded may be a small grain shape where the pet can be cheeked with a bite, or may be a large grain shape where the pet can bite several times.
- the shape of the food grains may be a plate shape, a column shape, or a tube shape that is too large for a pet to eat as it is. In this case, after any of the subsequent drying process and baking process, it is preferable that the pet is cut into a shape that is easy to eat.
- the starch component in the food kneaded product can be converted to alpha by heat treatment.
- the flavor and texture of the obtained pet food are improved, and the pet food is easily digested.
- the temperature and time of the heat treatment for granulating the food kneaded product are not particularly limited, but it is preferably 70 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of smoothly converting the carbohydrates in the food kneaded product into alpha.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 minute to 10 minutes, and more preferably 3 minutes to 6 minutes.
- the pregelatinization can be sufficiently promoted.
- the temperature and time of the heat treatment are 150 ° C. or less and 10 minutes or less, it is possible to prevent the food granules from being difficult to be granulated due to excessive heating of the food granules.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is more preferably 80 to 100 ° C.
- a treatment for drying the hood granules after granulating the hood kneaded product By drying the granulated food grains, the production of aroma components can be promoted.
- the method of drying the food grains is not particularly limited, and a known method such as a method of naturally drying, a method of drying by blowing warm air, a method of drying under reduced pressure, or a method of drying by freeze drying is applicable. .
- a method of drying by blowing warm air is preferable because the flavor of the pet food can be further improved.
- the temperature of the food grains when drying the food grains or the temperature of the hot air blown onto the food grains is not particularly limited. It is preferable that the temperature of the food grain when drying the food grain or the temperature of the warm air blown onto the food grain is 60 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower. The temperature of the food grains when drying the food grains or the temperature of the hot air blown to the food grains is 60 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, so that the food grains are excessively heated while drying the food grains appropriately. Can be prevented.
- the hood grains can be dried in a relatively short time.
- the temperature and time are 150 ° C. or less and 30 minutes or less, the hood grains can be prevented from being heated excessively.
- the drying treatment is more preferably carried out using a dryer at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. for 10 to 30 minutes. Note that the temperature of the heat treatment and the temperature of the drying treatment may be the same or different.
- the moisture content of the hood grains subjected to the coating process described later is 6.0 to 12.0% by mass.
- the coating step S2 is a step of coating the hardened fats and oils on the surfaces of the hood granules granulated in the granulation step S1 (see FIG. 1).
- “Fats” are fatty acid glycerin esters (neutral fats), and “cured fats and oils” are hardened fats and oils containing a relatively low melting point of unsaturated fatty acid glycerin esters, resulting in unsaturated bonds. It is an oil whose melting point has been raised by decreasing the ratio, and is usually solidified at room temperature.
- the fats and oils used as the raw material for the hardened fats and oils coated on the surfaces of the granulated food grains are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include animal fats and vegetable fats and oils.
- animal fats include beef tallow, pork tallow, bird tallow, fish tallow and the like.
- a chicken extract extract derived from chicken
- fish extract extract
- Hydrogenation etc. are mentioned as a method of hardening the fats and oils. Since hardened fats and oils can be obtained without losing fats and oils, it is preferable to harden fats and oils by hydrogenation to obtain hardened fats and oils. When the fats and oils are hardened by hydrogenation, it is preferable to completely hydrogenate (extremely harden) the unsaturated fatty acids of the fats and oils. Curing fats and oils that do not contain trans fatty acids can be prepared by extremely curing the fats and oils.
- the hardened fat coated on the surface of the granulated food grains has a melting point of 50 to 70 ° C.
- the melting point of the hardened oil and fat is lower than 50 ° C.
- the palatability improver attached to the surface of the hood grain is taken into the hardened oil and fat in the adhesion step S3 described later, and the fragrance from the palatability improver is reduced.
- the preference of pet food tends to decrease.
- the melting point of the hardened oil and fat is higher than 70 ° C., it becomes difficult for the palatability improver to adhere to the surface of the food grains, so that the palatability of the pet food tends to decrease.
- the measurement of the melting point of fats and oils follows the measuring method of “2003 standard oil and fat analysis test method” (edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society).
- the iodine value of the hardened oil and fat coated on the surface of the granulated hood grain is 2 or less. If the iodine value of the hardened fat is greater than 2, the melting point of the hardened fat tends to be low. When the melting point of the hardened oil and fat is lowered, in the attaching step S3 described later, the palatability improver attached to the surface of the hood grain tends to be taken into the hardened oil and fat, and the fragrance from the palatability improver tends to decrease.
- the iodine value of fats and oils is measured according to the measuring method of “2003 Standard Oils and Fats Analysis Test Method” (edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society).
- the hardened oil and fat coated on the surface of the granulated hood grain is used in the coating step S2 after being deodorized.
- a method for deodorizing the hardened oil and fat steam distillation is exemplified.
- the hardened oil and fat coated on the surface of the granulated hood grain one kind of hardened fat or oil may be used, or two or more kinds of hardened fat and oil may be mixed and used. Moreover, you may mix and use the fats and oils which are not hardened
- the method for coating the granulated hood granules with hardened oil and fat is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the method for coating the granulated hood grains with the hardened oil and fat include a method in which the hardened oil and fat fluidized by heating and the food grains are stirred in a coating reel. During or after stirring by the coating reel, a part of the hardened oil and fat is hardened by maintaining the fluidized hardened oil and fat on the surface of the hood grains for a predetermined time (for example, 1 to 30 minutes). It is also possible to impregnate the oil and fat layer. In order to prevent the taste of pet food from deteriorating due to the penetration of the hardened fat into the center of the food grain, only the shallow area close to the surface of the food grain should be impregnated with the hardened fat. preferable.
- the amount of the hardened oil / fat for coating the surface of the hood grain with respect to the total mass of the hood grain before coating with the hardened oil / fat is preferably 3 to 8% by mass. If the amount of hardened oil and fat that coats the surface of the hood grain in the coating step S2 with respect to the total mass of the hood grain is less than 3% by mass, the palatability improver is added to the surface of the hood grain in the adhesion step S3 described in detail later When it is more than 8% by mass, the hood grains tend to adhere to each other by the hardened oil on the surface. Moreover, the addition amount of hardened fats and oils can also be adjusted suitably also according to a calorie design.
- the coating step S2 before adding the hardened fat to the hood grain, it is preferable to melt it by heating to a temperature (for example, 65 to 80 ° C.) higher than the melting point of the hardened fat and add it to the hood grain. Further, when coating the hood grains with the hardened oil and fat, it is preferable to coat the hood grains with the hardened oil and fat in an atmosphere at a temperature higher than the melting point of the hardened oil and fat (for example, 65 to 80 ° C.).
- the main purpose of the heating of the curing agent before being added to the hood grain and the heating when the hood grain is coated with the hardened oil and fat are to prevent the hardened oil and fat from solidifying in the coating step S2.
- Adhesion process S3 is a process which attaches a palatability improving agent to the surface of the food grain coated with hardened oil and fat in coating process S2 (Drawing 1). By attaching the palatability improver to the surface of the food grains coated with the hardened fat, most of the palatability improver is exposed to the outermost layer of the pet food without penetrating into the hardened fat layer. By exposing most of the palatability improver to the outermost layer of the pet food, the pet food has good fragrance and high palatability.
- the palatability improver in the adhesion step S3 refers to a powdery substance mainly composed of amino acids added to improve the palatability of pet food.
- Examples of the palatability improver that is attached to the surface of food grains coated with hardened oils and fats include substances mainly composed of amino acids generated by degrading chicken protein.
- the method for attaching the palatability improver to the surface of the hood grain coated with the hardened fat there is no particular limitation on the method for attaching the palatability improver to the surface of the hood grain coated with the hardened fat.
- the method for attaching the palatability improver to the surface of the hood grain coated with the hardened oil and fat include a method of stirring the hood grain coated with the hardened oil and fat and the palatability improver in the coating reel.
- the amount of the palatability improver attached to the surface of the hood grains coated with the hardened fat is preferably 1 to 5% by mass with respect to the total weight of the hood grains coated with the hardened fat. If there is less than 1% by weight of a palatability improver that adheres to the surface of the hood grain coated with hardened oil and fat relative to the total mass of the hood grain coated with hardened oil and fat, the palatability tends to decrease, When it is more than 5% by mass, the palatability improver tends to fall off without adhering to the food grains coated with the hardened fat because the palatability improver is in an excessive amount.
- the adhesion step S3 is preferably performed in an atmosphere of 30 to 60 ° C.
- the adhesion step S3 is performed in an atmosphere of less than 30 ° C.
- the hardened fats and oils on the surface of the hood grains are cured, and thus the preference improver tends to hardly adhere to the surface of the hood grains.
- adhesion process S3 is performed in the atmosphere of temperature higher than 60 degreeC, it exists in the tendency for a palatability improver to mix with the hardened fats and oils on the surface of a food grain, and for a fragrance to become weak.
- the attaching step S3 is more preferably performed in an atmosphere of 40 to 50 ° C.
- the temperature at which the attaching step S3 is performed is a temperature inside an apparatus that performs the attaching step S3, such as a coating reel.
- the pet food which concerns on embodiment of this invention is the pet food manufactured by the manufacturing method of the pet food mentioned above.
- the palatability improvers are mixed in advance to coat the food grain surface, the palatability improver Is mixed with fats and oils, the fragrance from the palatability improver is weakened.
- the food grain surface is coated with fat and oil having a low melting point and the palatability improver is attached to the surface of the food grain coated with fat and oil, the fat and oil will be liquefied even at room temperature. The part penetrates into the inside of the hardened oil and fat layer, and the fragrance from the taste improver is weakened.
- FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a cross section of the pet food 1 of the present embodiment.
- the pet food 1 has a hood grain 2 as a core, a hardened fat layer 3 coated on the surface of the hood grain 2, and a palatability improver 4 attached to the outermost layer of the hardened fat layer 3. Is composed of. Since the hardened fat has a high melting point, as shown in FIG.
- the pet food 1 has good fragrance and high palatability.
- the moisture content of the pet food examples include the following ranges.
- the water content of the pet food according to the embodiment of the present invention is preferably 6 to 12% by mass.
- the water content is 6% by mass or more, the pet food can be prevented from becoming extremely hard or becoming extremely brittle as the shape cannot be maintained.
- the said water content is 12 mass% or less, the flavor of the said pet food can be made favorable and pet biting can be improved.
- the pet food of the present invention can be produced by the above-described method using conventionally known raw materials.
- the pet food of the present invention is eaten by various animals, but is preferred by cats or dogs, particularly dogs.
- the pet food of the present invention is suitable for feeding to dogs or cats
- the pet food is suitable for dogs or cats when the pet food is packaged and sold. The effect can be displayed on the packaging and sold.
- pet means an animal kept by a person. In a narrower sense, pets are animals petted by their owners.
- the obtained kneaded material was granulated using an extruder so as to be hood granules having a diameter of 10 mm. Under the present circumstances, the heat processing for 3 minutes were performed at 90 degreeC, and the starch component was alpha-ized.
- the obtained food grains were subjected to a drying process with warm air of 140 ° C. for 15 minutes using a dryer, and the food grains having a moisture content shown in Table 5 were obtained.
- each of the dried food grains is melted by heating to 70 ° C. while being put in the coating reel and mixed, and an amount of fat (beef tallow) corresponding to 5% by mass of the mass of the food grains.
- the food grains were coated with fats and oils. Details of the fats and oils used in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown below.
- fusing point and iodine value of each fats and oils followed the measuring method of "2003 version reference
- Example 1 Deodorized and cured beef tallow (obtained by deodorizing by steam distillation after curing crude beef tallow having a melting point of 36 ° C. by hydrogenation. Melting point: 61 ° C., iodine value: 0.89)
- Example 2 Deodorized cured beef tallow (obtained by deodorizing by steam distillation after curing crude beef tallow having a melting point of 40 ° C. by hydrogenation.
- a palatability improver (extracted from animal origin such as chicken extract and fish extract) in an amount of 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of food grains coated with hardened fat while keeping the inside of the coating reel at 40 ° C.
- the umami component was powdered) and added to the surface of the food grains coated with fats and oils.
- the palatability improver that adheres to the surface of food grains coated with fats and oils is a substance mainly composed of amino acids. According to the above production method, pet foods of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were obtained.
- Test 1 In order to examine which of the pet foods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is more preferred, 10 dogs (2-10 year old dogs including males and females) were tested for 2 days as monitors. . On the first day, each pet food is fed from the left toward the dog, and the other from the right toward the dog, 250g for each dog at the same time, and the amount eaten by the dog is measured in one minute. did. Of the total pet food weight that one dog ate on the first day, the intake amount of the pet food of the example and the intake amount of the pet food of the comparative example were determined in percentage. The percentages obtained from the 10 dogs that were the monitors were averaged to give the first day results.
- each pet food is fed from the right toward the dog and from the left toward the dog, 250g for each dog at the same time. It was measured.
- the intake amount of the pet food of the example and the intake amount of the pet food of the comparative example were determined in percentage. The percentages obtained from the 10 dogs that were the monitors were averaged to give the results on the second day.
- the results of the first day and the second day were averaged, and the ratio of food intake (preference score) as the final result was obtained.
- the results are shown in Table 2. The higher the preference value, the more the dog that is the monitor likes to eat.
- Test 2 The test was performed in the same manner as in Test 1 except that the pet food of Example 1 was changed to the pet food of Example 2, and the pet food of Comparative Example 1 was changed to the pet food of Comparative Example 2. The results are also shown in Table 2.
- Test 3 The test was performed in the same manner as in Test 1 except that the pet food of Example 1 was changed to the pet food of Comparative Example 1, and the pet food of Comparative Example 1 was changed to the pet food of Comparative Example 3. The results are also shown in Table 2.
- Tests 1 and 2 showed that the pet foods of Examples 1 and 2 were superior to the pet foods of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively. From these facts, it was confirmed that the coating process of coating the hardened fats and oils in the present invention on the granulated food grains contributes to the improvement of the palatability of the pet food.
- the result of Test 3 showed that there was no difference in palatability between the pet food of Comparative Example 1 and the pet food of Comparative Example 3. From these facts, it was confirmed that even if a high melting point (hardened) fat was mixed with a low melting point fat and oil and coated on the granulated food grain, the palatability was hardly improved.
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Abstract
Description
このように、十分に満足できる嗜好性を備えたペットフードを製造する方法は得られていないのが現状である。
本実施形態におけるペットフードは、猫用又は犬用のペットフードであって、水分率12質量%以下の、いわゆるドライタイプのペットフードや、水分率が12質量%よりも大きく、16質量%以下である、いわゆるセミモイスト(半生)タイプのペットフードである。
本実施形態のペットフードの製造方法は、図1に示すように造粒工程S1と、コーティング工程S2と、付着工程S3と、を有する。
本実施形態のペットフードの製造方法において用いられるペットフード原材料としては、ペットフードの原材料として一般的に使用されるものが挙げられる。前記原材料に含まれる重要な栄養素として、蛋白質及び炭水化物がある。
前記ペットフード原材料として、前記蛋白質及び前記炭水化物の他に、ビタミン・ミネラル類、アミノ酸、糖類、塩類、脂肪、動物蛋白質のエキス(抽出物)等を添加してもよい。
なお、ペットフード原材料を混練する際に、水、油等の液体を適宜添加することで粘性を調整してもよい。
造粒工程S1において、フード混練物を造粒する方法としては特に限定されないが、エクストルーダー(押出成形機)を用いる方法により造粒することが好ましい。
ここで「造粒する」とは、ペットが食するに適した形状や大きさにフード混練物を成型することを意味する。本実施形態において、フード粒の形状は特に限定されない。フード粒の形状としては、球状、多角体状、柱状、ドーナツ状、板状、碁石状等が挙げられる。また、成型するフード粒の大きさは、ペットが一口で頬張れる小粒形状であってもよいし、ペットが複数回にわたってかじりつくことができる大粒形状であってもよい。
なお、前記加熱処理の温度と、乾燥処理の温度とは同じであっても異なっていてもよい。
「油脂」とは、脂肪酸のグリセリンエステル(中性脂肪)であり、「硬化油脂」とは、比較的融点の低い不飽和脂肪酸のグリセリンエステルを多く含む油脂を硬化処理して、不飽和結合の割合を減少させることによって融点を上昇させた油脂のことであり、通常は常温で固化している。
油脂を損失することなく硬化油脂を得られることから、水素添加によって油脂を硬化処理して硬化油脂を得ることが好ましい。水素添加によって油脂を硬化処理する場合、油脂の不飽和脂肪酸を完全に水素添加する(極度硬化する)ことが好ましい。油脂を極度硬化することにより、トランス脂肪酸を含まない硬化油脂を調製することができる。
コーティングリールによる攪拌中又は攪拌後に、前記フード粒の表面に流動化させた硬化油脂を付着させた状態を、所定時間(例えば1分~30分)維持することにより、硬化油脂の一部を硬化油脂層の内部まで含浸させることもできる。フード粒の中心部まで硬化油脂が浸み込んでしまうことでペットフードの嗜好性が低下してしまうことを防止するために、フード粒の表面に近い浅い領域のみに硬化油脂を含浸させることが好ましい。
硬化油脂でコーティングされたフード粒の表面に嗜好性向上剤を付着させることにより、嗜好性向上剤の大部分は硬化油脂層の内部に浸み込むことなくペットフードの最表層に露出する。嗜好性向上剤の大部分がペットフードの最表層に露出することで、ペットフードは香り立ちが良好になり、嗜好性が高くなる。
本発明の実施形態に係るペットフードは、前述したペットフードの製造方法によって製造されたペットフードである。
ペットフードの嗜好性を向上させるために、フード粒の表面を油脂と嗜好性向上剤とでコーティングする場合、あらかじめ油脂と嗜好性向上剤を混合してフード粒表面をコーティングすると、嗜好性向上剤が油脂と混ざっていることから嗜好性向上剤からの香り立ちが弱くなってしまう。また、フード粒表面を融点の低い油脂でコーティングして、油脂でコーティングされたフード粒表面に嗜好性向上剤を付着させた場合には、油脂が常温でも液化しまうことから嗜好性向上剤の大部分は硬化油脂層の内部に浸み込んでしまい、やはり、嗜好性向上剤からの香り立ちは弱くなってしまう。
図2は、本実施形態のペットフード1の断面について模式的に示した図である。図2に示すように、ペットフード1は核となるフード粒2と、フード粒2の表面にコーティングされた硬化油脂層3と、硬化油脂層3の最表層に付着した嗜好性向上剤4と、から構成される。硬化油脂は融点が高いことから、図2に示すように、嗜好性向上剤4の大部分は硬化油脂層3の内部に浸み込むことなくペットフード1の最表層に露出する。嗜好性向上剤4の大部分がペットフード1の最表層に露出するので、本実施形態に係るペットフード1は香り立ちが良好であり、嗜好性が高い。
上記水分含量が6質量%以上であることにより、ペットフードが極端に固くなったり、形状が保てないほど極端に脆くなったりすることを防ぐことができる。また、上記水分含量が12質量%以下であることにより、当該ペットフードの風味を良好とし、ペットの食いつきを向上させ得る。
本発明のペットフードは、種々の動物によって食されるが、猫又は犬によって好まれ、特に犬に好まれる。
実施例1及び2並びに比較例1~3のペットフードの製造方法について説明するが、実施例1及び2並びに比較例1~3のペットフードの製造方法で異なる点は、後述する油脂によってフード粒をコーティングする際に用いる油脂の種類のみである。
まず、表1に示す配合で、ペットフード原材料である穀類、肉類、動物性油脂、豆類、野菜類、魚介類、ビタミン・ミネラル類を混合し、ミキサーで混練することによってフード混練物を得た。
前記穀類は、とうもろこし、小麦粉、コーングルテンミール、フスマ、コーングルテンフィード等を含む。前記肉類は、チキンミール、チキンエキス等を含む。前記魚介類は、フィッシュミール等を含む。
得られたフード粒を、乾燥機を用いて、140℃の温風で15分の乾燥処理を行い、表5に示す水分含量を有するフード粒を各々得た。
なお、各油脂の融点及びよう素価の測定は、「2003年版基準油脂分析試験法」(社団法人日本油化学会編纂)の測定法に従った。
実施例1:脱臭硬化牛脂(融点36℃の粗牛脂を水素添加によって硬化した後に水蒸気蒸留によって脱臭処理することで得た。融点:61℃、よう素価:0.89)
実施例2:脱臭硬化牛脂(融点40℃の粗牛脂を水素添加によって硬化した後に水蒸気蒸留によって脱臭処理することで得た。融点:53℃、よう素価:2)
比較例1:粗牛脂(融点:36℃、よう素価:56)
比較例2:粗牛脂(融点:40℃、よう素価:52)
比較例3:硬化牛脂(融点36℃の粗牛脂を水素添加によって硬化して得た。融点:61℃)と、粗牛脂(融点:36℃)とを質量比1:1で混合して得た牛脂
以上の製造方法により、実施例1及び2並びに比較例1~3のペットフードをそれぞれ得た。
製造した実施例1及び2並びに比較例1~3の各ペットフードの嗜好性(食いつき)を以下の方法で評価した。これらの結果を表5に示す。
実施例1と比較例1のペットフードのうち、どちらの嗜好性が高いかを調べるために、10頭の犬(オス及びメスを含む2~10歳の犬)をモニターとして2日間でテストした。
第1日は、各ペットフードのうち、一方を犬に向かって左から、他方を犬に向かって右から、犬1頭に対して250gずつ同時に与え、犬が食べた量を1分に測定した。
当該犬1頭が第1日に食べた合計のペットフードの重量のうち、実施例のペットフードの摂食量と比較例のペットフードの摂食量を百分率で求めた。モニターである10頭の犬から得られた百分率を平均して、第1日の結果とした。
第2日は、各ペットフードのうち、一方を犬に向かって右から、他方を犬に向かって左から、犬1頭に対して250gずつ同時に給与し、犬が食べた量を1分後に測定した。
当該犬1頭が第2日に食べた合計のペットフードの重量のうち、実施例のペットフードの摂食量と比較例のペットフードの摂食量を百分率で求めた。モニターである10頭の犬から得られた百分率を平均して、第2日の結果とした。
最後に、第1日と第2日の結果を平均して、最終結果である摂食量の比率(嗜好性スコア)を求めた。その結果を表2に示す。この嗜好性の数値が高い程、モニターである犬が好んで摂食したことを示す。
実施例1のペットフードを実施例2のペットフードに、比較例1のペットフードを比較例2のペットフードに、それぞれ変更した以外は、テスト1と同様にテストした。その結果を表2に併記する。
実施例1のペットフードを比較例1のペットフードに、比較例1のペットフードを比較例3のペットフードに、それぞれ変更した以外は、テスト1と同様にテストした。その結果を表2に併記する。
テスト3の結果により、比較例1のペットフードと比較例3のペットフードとでは、嗜好性に差がないことが示された。このような事実から低融点の油脂に高融点の(硬化した)油脂を混合して、造粒されたフード粒にコーティングしたとしても、嗜好性はほとんど向上しないことが確認された。
2 フード粒
3 硬化油脂層
4 嗜好性向上剤
Claims (8)
- 造粒されたフード粒の表面に硬化油脂をコーティングするコーティング工程と、
前記コーティング工程において前記硬化油脂でコーティングされたフード粒の表面に、嗜好性向上剤を付着させる付着工程と、を有するペットフードの製造方法。 - 前記硬化油脂の融点は、50~70℃である請求項1記載のペットフードの製造方法。
- 前記硬化油脂は、水素添加によって硬化された油脂である請求項1又は2記載のペットフードの製造方法。
- 前記コーティング工程において、脱臭処理された前記硬化油脂を、造粒されたフード粒の表面にコーティングする請求項1から3のいずれか記載のペットフードの製造方法。
- 前記付着工程は、30~60℃の雰囲気下で行われる請求項1から4のいずれか記載のペットフードの製造方法。
- 前記硬化油脂は、動物性油脂を原料とする請求項1から5のいずれか記載のペットフードの製造方法。
- 前記硬化油脂は、植物性油脂を原料とする請求項1から5のいずれか記載のペットフードの製造方法。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか記載のペットフードの製造方法により製造されたペットフード。
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CN201480049571.2A CN105530822B (zh) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-03 | 宠物食品的制造方法及宠物食品 |
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US11653690B2 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2023-05-23 | Big Heart Pet, Inc. | Dual textured animal food product and methods of manufacture thereof |
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