WO2015001862A1 - 燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015001862A1 WO2015001862A1 PCT/JP2014/063607 JP2014063607W WO2015001862A1 WO 2015001862 A1 WO2015001862 A1 WO 2015001862A1 JP 2014063607 W JP2014063607 W JP 2014063607W WO 2015001862 A1 WO2015001862 A1 WO 2015001862A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0239—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal gas diffusion layer for fuel cells and a method for producing the same.
- the conductive layer is made of a noble metal such as gold or platinum, and it is difficult to reduce the cost.
- the formation of the water repellent layer is carried out after the formation of the conductive layer and requires high-temperature heat treatment.
- a low-cost carbon film layer is applied as the conductive layer, there is a problem that the carbon film layer is destroyed by high-temperature heat treatment for forming the water repellent layer, and the electron conductivity is lowered.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems associated with the above-described prior art, and provides a metal gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell having good electron conductivity and water repellency and low cost, and a method for producing the same.
- the purpose is to do.
- the uniform phase of the present invention is as follows.
- a method for producing a metal gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell comprising a porous metal body disposed between a polymer electrolyte membrane and a separator, wherein a conductive layer comprising a carbon film layer is formed on the porous metal body
- the step (B) includes a step (B1) of coating the metal porous body with a solution containing a fluororesin that constitutes the water-repellent layer, and the metal porous body coated with the solution.
- Another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a metal gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell produced by the method for producing a metal gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell.
- the conductive layer is made of a carbon film layer, it can be formed at a lower cost than a conductive layer made of a noble metal such as gold or platinum. Moreover, since the heat treatment temperature is lower than the breakdown temperature of the conductive layer, the breakdown of the conductive layer is suppressed when the water repellent layer is formed. That is, it is possible to impart good water repellency while maintaining good electron conductivity imparted by forming the conductive layer. Therefore, it is possible to provide a metal gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell having good electronic conductivity and water repellency and a low cost, and a method for producing the same.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view for explaining a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell 100 according to Embodiment 1 is composed of, for example, a solid polymer fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel, and is used as a power source.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) can be reduced in size, increased in density and output, and is preferably applied as a power source for driving a moving body such as a vehicle in which a mounting space is limited.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- Particularly preferred is an automobile application in which start-up and stop-up and output fluctuation frequently occur.
- it can be mounted under the seat in the center of the body of the automobile (fuel cell vehicle), in the lower part of the rear trunk room, and in the engine room in front of the vehicle. From the viewpoint of widening the interior space and the trunk room, mounting under the seat is preferable.
- the fuel cell 100 includes a stack part 110, a fastening plate 130, a reinforcing plate 135, a current collecting plate 140, a spacer 145, an end plate 150, and a bolt 155, as shown in FIG.
- the stack unit 110 is composed of a stack of single cells 120.
- the single cell 120 has a membrane electrode assembly (MEA: membrane electrode assembly) and a separator, as will be described later.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the fastening plate 130 is disposed on the bottom surface and the top surface of the stack part 110, and the reinforcing plates 135 are disposed on both sides of the stack part 110.
- the fastening plate 130 and the reinforcing plate 135 constitute a casing that surrounds the stack portion 110.
- the current collector plate 140 is formed of a gas-impermeable conductive member such as dense carbon or copper plate, and is provided with an output terminal for outputting an electromotive force generated in the stack portion 110. Are disposed at both ends (the front surface and the back surface of the stack portion 110).
- the spacer 145 is disposed outside the current collector plate 140 disposed on the back surface of the stack unit 110.
- the end plate 150 is formed of a material having rigidity, for example, a metal material such as steel, and is disposed outside the current collector plate 140 disposed in front of the stack unit 110 and outside the spacer 145.
- the end plate 150 is provided with a fuel gas inlet, a fuel gas outlet, an oxidant gas inlet, and an oxidant gas outlet for circulating fuel gas (hydrogen), oxidant gas (oxygen), and refrigerant (cooling water). And a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet.
- the bolt 155 fastens the end plate 150, the fastening plate 130, and the reinforcing plate 135 and applies the fastening force in the stacking direction of the single cells 120 to hold the stack portion 110 located inside in a pressed state. Used for. The number of bolts 155 and the position of the bolt holes can be changed as appropriate.
- the fastening mechanism is not limited to screwing, and other means can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the single cell shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a plan view for explaining the metal gas diffusion layer shown in FIG.
- the single cell 120 has a membrane electrode assembly 40 and separators 50 and 55.
- the membrane electrode assembly 40 includes a polymer electrolyte membrane 20, a catalyst layer 30 that functions as an electrode (cathode), a catalyst layer 35 that functions as an electrode (anode), and a metal gas diffusion layer 10.
- the metal gas diffusion layer 10 is a porous metal body, and has good electron conductivity and water repellency and is low in cost as will be described later.
- the metal gas diffusion layer 10 is made of a wire mesh formed by weaving a plurality of metal wires 12, and has a good strength. Therefore, it is easy to make the gas diffusion layer thin.
- the weaving method (knitting method) of the wire 12 is not particularly limited, and for example, plain weave, twill weave, plain tatami weave, and twill woven can be applied. Further, the wire mesh can be formed by fixing (for example, welding) the wires to each other without weaving.
- the metal gas diffusion layer 10 is disposed between the separator 50 and the catalyst layer 30 and between the separator 55 and the catalyst layer 35 and is used for supplying gas to the catalyst layers 30 and 35.
- the metal gas diffusion layer 10 located between the separator 50 and the catalyst layer 30 is an anode gas diffusion layer for dispersing the fuel gas supplied to the anode side.
- the metal gas diffusion layer 10 located between them is a cathode gas diffusion layer for dispersing the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode side.
- the mesh of the metal gas diffusion layer 10 is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 100 to 500, from the viewpoint of gas supply and cell voltage.
- the catalyst layer 30 is an anode catalyst layer that contains a catalyst component, a conductive catalyst carrier that supports the catalyst component, and a polymer electrolyte, and in which a hydrogen oxidation reaction proceeds. It is arranged on the side.
- the catalyst layer 35 includes a catalyst component, a conductive catalyst carrier that supports the catalyst component, and a polymer electrolyte, and is a cathode catalyst layer in which a reduction reaction of oxygen proceeds, and the other of the polymer electrolyte membrane 20 It is arranged on the side.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 20 has a function of selectively allowing protons generated in the anode catalyst layer 30 to permeate the cathode catalyst layer 35 and a fuel gas supplied to the anode side and an oxidant gas supplied to the cathode side. It has a function as a partition wall to prevent it.
- the separators 50 and 55 have a function of electrically connecting the single cells in series and a function as a partition wall that blocks the fuel gas, the oxidant gas, and the refrigerant from each other.
- the separators 50 and 55 have substantially the same shape as the membrane electrode assembly 40 and are formed, for example, by pressing a stainless steel plate.
- the stainless steel plate is preferable in that it can be easily subjected to complicated machining and has good electrical conductivity, and can be coated with corrosion resistance as necessary.
- the separator 50 is an anode separator that is disposed on the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly 40, and is disposed to face the catalyst layer 30, and has a gas flow path 53 that is located between the membrane electrode assembly 40 and the separator 50.
- the rib portion 52 to be configured, and manifold holes (not shown) provided for passing hydrogen, passing oxygen, and passing cooling water are provided.
- the gas flow path 53 is used for supplying fuel gas to the catalyst layer 30.
- the separator 55 is a cathode separator that is disposed on the cathode side of the membrane electrode assembly 40, is disposed to face the catalyst layer 35, and includes a gas flow path 58 that is positioned between the membrane electrode assembly 40 and the separator 55.
- the rib portion 57 to be formed, and manifold holes (not shown) provided for passing hydrogen, passing oxygen, and passing cooling water are provided.
- the gas flow path 58 is used for supplying the oxidant gas to the catalyst layer 35.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 20 is a porous polymer electrolyte membrane composed of a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid polymer, a porous resin membrane having a sulfonic acid group, and a porous material impregnated with an electrolyte component such as phosphoric acid or ionic liquid.
- a shaped film can be applied.
- the perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid polymer include Nafion (registered trademark, manufactured by DuPont), Aciplex (registered trademark, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.), Flemion (registered trademark, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), and Gore select series (registered trademark). , Japan Gore Co., Ltd.).
- the porous film is made of, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of strength, durability, and output characteristics.
- the catalyst component used for the anode catalyst layer 30 is not particularly limited as long as it has a catalytic action in the oxidation reaction of hydrogen.
- the catalyst component used for the cathode catalyst layer 35 is not particularly limited as long as it has a catalytic action in the oxygen reduction reaction.
- catalyst components include platinum, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, tungsten, lead, iron, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, gallium, aluminum and other alloys, and alloys thereof. Selected. In order to improve catalytic activity, poisoning resistance to carbon monoxide, heat resistance, etc., those containing at least platinum are preferable.
- the catalyst components applied to the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer need not be the same, and can be selected as appropriate. It is also possible to apply a catalyst containing no noble metal.
- the conductive carrier of the catalyst used for the catalyst layers 30 and 35 is not particularly limited as long as it has a specific surface area for supporting the catalyst component in a desired dispersed state and sufficient electronic conductivity as a current collector.
- the main component is preferably carbon particles.
- the carbon particles are composed of, for example, carbon black, activated carbon, coke, natural graphite, and artificial graphite.
- the polymer electrolyte used for the catalyst layers 30 and 35 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having at least high proton conductivity.
- a fluorine-based electrolyte containing a fluorine atom in all or part of the polymer skeleton or a polymer A hydrocarbon-based electrolyte that does not contain a fluorine atom in the skeleton is applicable.
- the polymer electrolyte used for the catalyst layers 30 and 35 may be the same as or different from the polymer electrolyte used for the polymer electrolyte membrane 20, but the catalyst layers 30 and 35 adhere to the polymer electrolyte membrane 20. From the viewpoint of improving the properties, it is preferable that they are the same.
- the separators 50 and 55 are not limited to a form formed of a stainless steel plate, and a metal material other than the stainless steel plate or carbon can also be applied.
- the metal material other than the stainless steel plate is an aluminum plate or a clad material
- the carbon is dense carbon graphite or a carbon plate.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a method of manufacturing a metal gas diffusion layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the manufacturing method of the metal gas diffusion layer 10 includes a preliminary cutting process, a rolling process, a bonding process, a conductive layer forming process, a water repellent layer forming process, an MPL bonding process, and a final cutting process.
- a wide coil material formed by winding the wire mesh material 10A into a cylindrical shape is cut, and a coil material of the wire mesh material 10A having a predetermined width is prepared.
- the surface irregularity of the wire mesh material 10A is reduced, the region in contact with the power generation region (active area) is smoothed, and the wires constituting the wire mesh material 10A The contact area is increased.
- Diffusion bonding is bonding utilizing diffusion of atoms generated on the bonding surface, and prevents fraying of the wire material constituting the wire netting material 10A and improves corrosion resistance.
- contact area between wires increases in a rolling process, favorable joint strength is obtained.
- a conductive layer made of a carbon film layer is formed on the wire netting material 10A.
- the electron conductivity is improved, and corrosion is suppressed and prevented, thereby improving durability.
- the conductive layer is made of a carbon film layer, it can be formed at a lower cost than a conductive layer made of a noble metal such as gold or platinum.
- the water repellent layer is formed by coating the wire netting material 10A with a water repellent. Accordingly, the retention of water in the mesh portion of the manufactured metal gas diffusion layer 10 is reduced, and inhibition of gas supply and flooding due to water are suppressed, so that stable supply of gas to the catalyst layers 30 and 35 is ensured. Thus, it is possible to stabilize the cell voltage while suppressing a rapid drop in the cell voltage. At this time, as will be described later, the water-repellent layer is formed while the destruction of the conductive layer is suppressed. That is, in the water repellent layer forming step, it is possible to impart good water repellency while maintaining the good electron conductivity imparted by forming the conductive layer.
- a microporous layer is bonded to the wire netting material 10A in order to further improve the water repellency.
- the microporous layer is a carbon particle layer made of an aggregate of carbon particles containing a water repellent.
- the carbon particles contained in the microporous layer are not particularly limited, and are composed of, for example, carbon black, graphite, or expanded graphite. Carbon black is preferable because it is oil furnace black, channel black, lamp black, thermal black, acetylene black, etc., and has excellent electron conductivity and a large specific surface area.
- the water repellent contained in the microporous layer can be the same as the water repellent described above, and a fluorine-based polymer material is preferable because it is excellent in water repellency and corrosion resistance during electrode reaction.
- the metal mesh material 10A is cut by shearing, and the metal gas diffusion layer 10 having a predetermined shape is obtained.
- the manufactured metal gas diffusion layer 10 is disposed between the catalyst layers 30 and 35 of the membrane electrode assembly 40 and the separators 50 and 55 to constitute the fuel cell 100.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining the conductive layer forming step shown in FIG.
- the conductive layer forming step includes an oxide film removing step, an intermediate layer forming step, and a hard carbon film forming step.
- the surface of the wire netting material 10 ⁇ / b> A to be input into the conductive layer forming step can be degreased and washed in advance using, for example, a suitable solvent as necessary.
- the solvent is ethanol, ether, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, trichloroethylene or the like.
- the dirt removed from the surface of the wire mesh material 10A is, for example, a residue of a lubricant applied when a wire constituting the wire mesh material 10A is knitted.
- the oxide film formed on the surface of the wire netting material 10A is removed by ion bombardment treatment.
- the ion bombardment process is a plasma process in which Ar (argon) gas is ionized by high-frequency plasma and collides with the surface of the wire mesh material 10A.
- the intermediate layer is formed on the surface of the wire netting material 10A by, for example, a sputtering process.
- the intermediate layer is made of, for example, chromium (Cr), and has a function of improving adhesion between the wire mesh material 10A and the hard carbon film, and a function of preventing elution of ions from the wire mesh material 10A.
- a hard carbon film layer is formed by laminating a layer containing carbon on the surface of the intermediate layer at the atomic level by sputtering.
- the hard carbon film layer is a conductive layer made of diamond-like carbon (DLC).
- the D-band peak intensity I D and G-band peak intensity I measured by Raman scattering spectroscopy analysis are used.
- the G intensity ratio R (I D / I G ) is preferably 1.3 or more, and more preferably 2.0 or more.
- peaks are usually generated around 1350 cm ⁇ 1 and 1584 cm ⁇ 1 .
- Highly crystalline graphite has a single peak near 1584 cm ⁇ 1 and this peak is usually referred to as the G-band.
- a peak near 1350 cm ⁇ 1 appears as the crystallinity decreases (crystal structure defects increase).
- This peak is usually referred to as the D-band. Therefore, the intensity ratio R (I D / I G ) between the D -band peak intensity I D and the G-band peak intensity I G depends on the graphite cluster size of the carbon material and the disorder of the graphite structure (crystal structure defect). It becomes an indicator. Strictly speaking, the peak of diamond is 1333 cm ⁇ 1 , which is distinguished from the D-band.
- Microcrystalline graphite on the other hand, has an anisotropic graphite crystal structure (graphite cluster) with a graphene surface (hexagonal network surface) stacked microscopically, but isotropically composed of many graphite structures. It can also be said to be a kind of diamond-like carbon.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view for explaining the water-repellent layer forming step shown in FIG.
- the water repellent layer forming step has an immersion step and a heat treatment step as shown in FIG.
- the wire netting material 10 ⁇ / b> A is dipped in the solution 160 contained in the tank 162 and taken out, and then passes between the pair of rollers 163.
- the solution 160 is an aqueous dispersion solution in which a water repellent agent that constitutes a water repellent layer, a surfactant, and water are mixed.
- the solution 160 (water repellent agent) is obtained by immersing the wire netting material 10A and taking it out. ) Is coated (painted).
- the roller 163 is composed of, for example, a water-absorbing roller having a large number of fine holes formed on the surface thereof. The roller 163 is drained when the wire mesh material 10A passes, and the excessively attached solution 160 is removed from the wire mesh material 10A. Is done. Dip coating is preferred because of its simplicity of construction and process.
- the water repellent is, for example, a fluororesin such as PTFE, PVDF, polyhexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP). Since FEP has a relatively low melting point as a fluororesin, it is preferable because a relatively low temperature can be applied as a heat treatment temperature in the subsequent heat treatment step.
- the solution 160 will be referred to as a fluororesin solution below.
- the surfactant is added in order to disperse the fluororesin in water, so that it is possible to reduce the cost of environmental measures compared to the case where the fluororesin is dispersed in the organic solvent.
- Water and a surfactant are volatile components that are contained in the fluororesin solution 160 and do not constitute a water repellent layer.
- an anionic surfactant As the surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a cationic surfactant can be appropriately applied.
- the anionic surfactant include a sodium salt of a higher alcohol sulfate, a sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, a sodium salt of a dialkyl succinate sulfonic acid, and a sodium salt of an alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonic acid.
- the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether.
- the amphoteric surfactant is lauryl betaine or the like.
- Cationic surfactants include alkyl pyridinium chloride, alkyl ammonium chloride and the like.
- the wire mesh material 10A is introduced into the heat treatment furnace 167 and heated by the heater 168 to be heat treated.
- the heat treatment temperature is set to be equal to or higher than the evaporation temperature of the surfactant and lower than the breakdown temperature of the conductive layer (hard carbon film layer).
- the heater 168 is, for example, an infrared heater.
- the conductive layer made of the carbon film layer is broken when forming the water repellent layer. Is suppressed. That is, it is possible to impart good water repellency by forming the water repellent layer while maintaining the good electron conductivity imparted by forming the conductive layer made of the carbon film layer. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method for producing a metal gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell that has good electron conductivity and water repellency and is low in cost.
- the coating of the fluororesin solution 160 is not limited to a form using immersion painting. Further, if necessary, the addition of the surfactant can be omitted as appropriate by dispersing the fluororesin in an organic solvent.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a modification according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the water-repellent layer forming step may have a preliminary drying step located between the dipping step and the heat treatment step as necessary.
- the preliminary drying step as shown in FIG. 7, the wire mesh material 10 ⁇ / b> A is introduced into the dryer 165, heated by the heater 166, and dried.
- the drying temperature is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the evaporation temperature of water and lower than the evaporation temperature of the surfactant, and moisture in the fluororesin solution 160 coated on the wire netting material 10A is removed.
- the heater 166 is an infrared heater, for example.
- the preliminary drying process is an independent process for removing moisture in the fluororesin solution 160 coated on the wire mesh material 10A, and it is not necessary to remove moisture in the subsequent heat treatment process. It is possible to reduce the thermal load.
- FIG. 8 is a graph for explaining the measurement results of electrical resistance according to the example and the comparative example
- FIG. 9 is a graph for explaining the elemental analysis result in the depth direction according to the example
- FIG. 10 is a comparison. It is a graph for demonstrating the elemental analysis result of the depth direction which concerns on an example.
- the electrical resistance which concerns on FIG. 8 is the value measured in the state which added the compression pressure.
- a hard carbon film layer made of diamond-like carbon having a strength ratio R (I D / I G ) of 2 is formed on the wire mesh, and in the water repellent layer forming step, the fluororesin solution A water repellent layer is formed by coating.
- the immersion time of the wire mesh in the fluororesin solution is 1 minute. After the wire net is taken out from the fluororesin solution, the excessively adhered fluororesin solution is removed.
- the drying temperature and drying time are 150 ° C. and 3 minutes.
- the heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time are 200 ° C. and 2 hours.
- the comparative example was manufactured under substantially the same conditions as the example except that the heat treatment temperature was 250 ° C.
- the electrical resistance of the comparative example shows a larger value than the electrical resistance of the example.
- the comparative example has an increased surface oxygen (O) concentration and a reduced carbon (C) concentration compared to the example (FIG. 9). It is shown that an oxide layer is formed. That is, it was shown that the structure of the conductive layer (hard carbon film layer made of diamond-like carbon) was destroyed by the heat treatment at a relatively low temperature of 250 ° C., and the electrical resistance increased and the electron conductivity deteriorated. Therefore, in order to ensure the desired electrical conductivity, the heat treatment temperature is preferably less than 250 ° C, and more preferably 200 ° C or less.
- FIG. 11 is a graph for explaining the TGA (thermogravimetric) and DTA (differential heat) measurement results of the surfactant contained in the fluororesin solution applied in the water repellent layer forming step.
- the test piece was prepared by dropping a fluororesin solution onto a glass substrate and drying at room temperature to remove moisture.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle with water and the contact resistance with respect to the concentration of the fluororesin in the fluororesin solution.
- the fluororesin is FEP.
- the fluororesin concentration is 0.8 wt%
- the contact angle with water and the contact resistance are 126.5 [°] and 8,64 [m ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ]
- the fluororesin concentration Is 6.4 wt% the contact angle with water and the contact resistance are 134.6 [°] and 7.76 [m ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ] and both resistance and drainage are compatible. Therefore, in order to form a water repellent layer without increasing the resistance, the fluororesin concentration is preferably in the range of 0.8 wt% to 6.4 wt%.
- the conductive layer is made of a carbon film layer, it can be formed at a lower cost than a conductive layer made of a noble metal such as gold or platinum. Moreover, since the heat treatment temperature is lower than the breakdown temperature of the conductive layer, the breakdown of the conductive layer is suppressed when the water repellent layer is formed. That is, it is possible to impart good water repellency while maintaining good electron conductivity imparted by forming the conductive layer. Therefore, it is possible to provide a metal gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell having good electronic conductivity and water repellency and a low cost, and a method for producing the same.
- the fluororesin solution is coated by immersing the metal porous body in the fluororesin solution.
- the fluororesin concentration is in the range of 0.8 wt% to 6.4 wt% in terms of the weight concentration in the aqueous dispersion, it is possible to ensure good water repellency while suppressing adverse effects on contact resistance. Both conductivity and water repellency can be achieved.
- the fluororesin is preferably FEP.
- FEP has a relatively low melting point as a fluororesin, it is possible to apply a relatively low temperature as the heat treatment temperature.
- the conductive layer is a hard carbon film layer made of diamond-like carbon, and the D-band peak intensity I D and G-band peak intensity I G measured by Raman scattering spectroscopy in the hard carbon film layer.
- the intensity ratio R (I D / I G ) is preferably 1.3 or more. In this case, it is possible to ensure good electron conductivity.
- the metal porous body is composed of a wire mesh formed by weaving a plurality of wires.
- the wire mesh since the wire mesh has good strength, it is easy to make the gas diffusion layer thin.
- the metal gas diffusion layer can be manufactured batch-wise using a flat metal mesh material that has been cut into a predetermined shape in advance.
- a punching metal, an expanded metal, and an etching metal can also be applied to the porous metal body that is the base material of the metal gas diffusion layer.
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Abstract
Description
高分子電解質膜とセパレータとの間に配置される金属多孔体からなる燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法であって、前記金属多孔体に、炭素皮膜層からなる導電性層を形成する工程(A)と、前記導電性層が形成された前記金属多孔体に、撥水層を形成する工程(B)と、を有する。前記工程(B)は、前記金属多孔体に、前記撥水層を構成することになるフッ素樹脂を含有する溶液をコーティングする工程(B1)と、前記溶液がコーティングされた前記金属多孔体を、前記溶液に含まれかつ前記撥水層を構成しない揮発性成分の蒸発温度以上かつ前記導電性層の破壊温度未満で熱処理して、前記フッ素樹脂から構成される前記撥水層を形成する工程(B2)と、を有する。
10A 金網素材、
12 金属製線材、
20 高分子電解質膜、
30,35 触媒層、
40 膜電極接合体、
50,55 セパレータ、
52,57 リブ部、
53,58 ガス流路、
100 燃料電池、
110 スタック部、
120 単セル、
130 締結板、
135 補強板、
140 集電板、
145 スペーサ、
150 エンドプレート、
155 ボルト、
160 フッ素樹脂溶液、
162 タンク、
163 ローラ、
165 乾燥機、
166 ヒータ、
167 熱処理炉、
168 ヒータ。
Claims (9)
- 高分子電解質膜とセパレータとの間に配置される金属多孔体からなる燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法であって、
前記金属多孔体に、炭素皮膜層からなる導電性層を形成する工程(A)と、
前記導電性層が形成された前記金属多孔体に、撥水層を形成する工程(B)と、
を有し、
前記工程(B)は、
前記金属多孔体に、前記撥水層を構成することになるフッ素樹脂を含有する溶液をコーティングする工程(B1)と、
前記溶液がコーティングされた前記金属多孔体を、前記溶液に含まれかつ前記撥水層を構成しない揮発性成分の蒸発温度以上かつ前記導電性層の破壊温度未満で熱処理して、前記フッ素樹脂から構成される前記撥水層を形成する工程(B2)と、
を有する燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法。 - 前記工程(B1)において、前記金属多孔体を前記溶液に浸漬することによって、前記溶液がコーティングされる請求項1に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法。
- 前記溶液は、界面活性剤を有し、
前記工程(B2)における前記揮発性成分の蒸発温度は、前記界面活性剤の蒸発温度である請求項2に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法。 - 前記溶液は、前記フッ素樹脂と、前記界面活性剤と、水とが混合された水分散溶液である請求項3に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素樹脂の濃度は、前記水分散溶液中の重量濃度で、0.8wt%から6.4wt%の範囲にある請求項4に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層およびその製造方法。
- 前記フッ素樹脂は、四フッ化エチレン-六フッ化プロピレン共重合体(FEP)である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法。
- 前記導電性層は、ダイヤモンドライクカーボンからなる硬質炭素皮膜層であり、
前記硬質炭素皮膜層において、ラマン散乱分光分析より測定されたD-バンドピーク強度IDとG-バンドピーク強度IGの強度比R(ID/IG)が1.3以上である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法によって製造された燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層。
- 前記金属多孔体は、複数の線材を織って形成される金網からなる請求項8に記載の燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層。
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EP14818851.9A EP3018741B1 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2014-05-22 | Metal gas diffusion layer for fuel cells, and production method thereof |
CA2917305A CA2917305C (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2014-05-22 | Metal gas diffusion layer for fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same |
US14/899,618 US10033047B2 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2014-05-22 | Metal gas diffusion layer for fuel cells, and method for manufacturing the same |
CN201480038595.8A CN105378991B (zh) | 2013-07-05 | 2014-05-22 | 燃料电池用金属制气体扩散层及其制造方法 |
JP2015525093A JP6172276B2 (ja) | 2013-07-05 | 2014-05-22 | 燃料電池用金属製ガス拡散層の製造方法 |
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JP6701601B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-10 | 2020-05-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 金属多孔体、燃料電池、及び金属多孔体の製造方法 |
KR102621126B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-30 | 2024-01-03 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 |
JP7281726B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2023-05-26 | 地方独立行政法人東京都立産業技術研究センター | 金属空気電池または燃料電池のガス拡散電極に使用されるガス拡散層とそれを用いたガス拡散電極およびその製造方法 |
CN109830696B (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2022-03-22 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池膜电极制备工艺 |
CN113067003B (zh) * | 2019-12-14 | 2023-02-28 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种燃料电池导水板及其制备方法 |
CN114725420B (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-06-09 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | 气体扩散层及其制备方法、及膜电极组件和燃料电池 |
CN114725399B (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-10-17 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | 一种低温冷启动适应性气体扩散层及其制备方法与燃料电池 |
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- 2014-05-22 JP JP2015525093A patent/JP6172276B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-22 WO PCT/JP2014/063607 patent/WO2015001862A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-05-22 US US14/899,618 patent/US10033047B2/en active Active
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CN105378991B (zh) | 2018-07-20 |
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CA2917305C (en) | 2017-08-08 |
US10033047B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
CN105378991A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
EP3018741A1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
CA2917305A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
US20160149227A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
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EP3018741A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
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