WO2014205948A1 - 一种钻孔刀具 - Google Patents

一种钻孔刀具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014205948A1
WO2014205948A1 PCT/CN2013/084784 CN2013084784W WO2014205948A1 WO 2014205948 A1 WO2014205948 A1 WO 2014205948A1 CN 2013084784 W CN2013084784 W CN 2013084784W WO 2014205948 A1 WO2014205948 A1 WO 2014205948A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drilling tool
cutting
cutting blade
cutter body
tool according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/084784
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王社权
江爱胜
汤爱民
刘敏
Original Assignee
株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 filed Critical 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司
Priority to EP13888313.7A priority Critical patent/EP2979795B1/en
Priority to US14/653,270 priority patent/US20150328696A1/en
Publication of WO2014205948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014205948A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/06—Drills with lubricating or cooling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
    • B23B2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
    • B23B2250/16—Damping of vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/40—Flutes, i.e. chip conveying grooves
    • B23B2251/408—Spiral grooves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/50—Drilling tools comprising cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/02—Twist drills
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/44—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product
    • Y10T408/45—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product including Tool with duct

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drilling tool, and more particularly to a drilling tool having a large aspect ratio, vibration resistance, high precision machining.
  • the cutting end When the drilling tool is cut, the cutting end is mainly subjected to the cutting force, and the chip can only be discharged from the cutting end through the chip pocket.
  • the chip flute When the cutting end is stressed, the cutting end is deflected compared with the clamping shank, and at the same time, for the chipping energy Quickly discharged from the chip flute, the chip flute generally has a large chip space so that the ratio between the core thickness of the drilling tool and the diameter of the drilling tool is small, and the varying deflection tends to make the cutting end follow the low strength.
  • the vibration of the circumferential surface is longer. The longer the cutting end to the shank is, the worse the rigidity of the drilling tool is.
  • the drilling tool that is overhanging is more likely to vibrate and become more intense during machining, and the vibration occurs during cutting. Fracture, poor surface quality, low dimensional accuracy, and vibration can make the cutting insert wear faster and reduce the life of the cutting insert. In order to ensure the service life of the insert and avoid the scrapping of the workpiece caused by the breakage of the drilling tool, the drilling tool can only be used. In the case of processing aperture ratio is not large, the surface quality is not high.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a drilling tool which has a simple structure, can effectively suppress vibration, and eliminates the influence of overhanging on the quality of hole processing.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a drilling tool includes a cutter body and a cutting insert, wherein the cutter body is composed of a shank portion, a cutting end portion, and a circumferential surface between the shank portion and the cutting end portion, and the cutting end portion is provided with a sipe.
  • the cutting insert is fixed in the sipe, the circumferential surface is provided with a chip pocket communicating with the sipe, and the cutter body is provided with an inner cold hole penetrating from the shank portion to the cutting end portion, the circumference
  • a plurality of cavities are disposed on the surface, and the cavity is provided with a communication hole communicating with the inner cold hole.
  • the plurality of cavities are helically arranged from the shank to the cutting end and have a common axial elevation angle with the chip flute. From the shank to the cutting end, the apertures of the communicating holes connected to the respective cavities are sequentially increased.
  • the communication hole is opened at a center position of the bottom surface of the cavity.
  • the central axis of the communication hole is coplanar with the central axis of rotation of the cutter body.
  • the cutting insert includes an outer cutting insert and an inner cutting insert, the outer cutting insert being disposed proximate to the circumferential surface, the inner cutting insert being disposed proximate to a central axis of rotation of the cutter body.
  • the drilling tool of the present invention has a plurality of cavities on the circumferential surface, and the cavity is provided with a communication hole communicating with the inner cooling hole, and flows during operation.
  • the cooling medium is transported to the cavity through the inner cooling hole and the communication hole, and a dynamic cooling medium guide column is formed between the tool and the inner wall of the machined hole, which can automatically adjust the pressure of the medium around the drilling tool according to the deflection and the vibration of the cutting vibration.
  • the change thereby eliminating or suppressing the cutting deflection and cutting vibration of the drilling tool, so that the vibration can be effectively suppressed even during the deep processing, the influence of the elongation on the cylindricity of the machined surface is eliminated, and the large aspect ratio of the drilling tool is widened.
  • the application of the hole type machining condition; in addition, the drilling tool of the invention has sufficient cooling effect, and the axial cutting area is sufficiently cooled, and the lateral cutting area is also sufficiently cooled, which greatly improves The service life of the drilling tool.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the first embodiment of a drilling tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view showing the first embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the second embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view showing the second embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a drilling tool according to the present invention, the drilling tool comprising a cutter body 1, a cutting insert 2 and a fastener 4, the cutter body 1 being composed of a shank portion 11, a cutting end portion 12 and a peripheral surface 13 between the shank portion 11 and the cutting end portion 12, the cutting end portion 12 is provided with a sipe 14, and the cutting insert 2 is fixed in the sipe 14 by a fastener 4, and the peripheral surface 13 is provided There is a chip pocket 3 communicating with the sipe 14, the cutter body 1 is provided with an inner cold hole 15 penetrating from the shank portion 11 to the cutting end portion 12, and the peripheral surface 13 is provided with a plurality of cavities 16, and the cavity 16 is provided a communication hole 17 communicating with the inner cooling hole 15, the cooling medium flowing during operation is sent to the cavity 16 through the inner cooling hole 15 and the communication hole 17, and a dynamic cooling medium guide column is formed between the cutter and the inner wall of the hole to be processed.
  • the change of pressure around the drilling tool can be automatically adjusted according to the deflection and cutting vibration dynamics, thereby eliminating or suppressing the cutting deflection and cutting vibration of the drilling tool, so that the vibration can be effectively suppressed even during deep processing, and the elongation pair can be eliminated.
  • Effect of machining surface cylindricity, widening The application of the hole cutter in the large aspect ratio hole type machining condition; in addition, the drilling tool of the invention has sufficient cooling effect, and the axial cutting area is sufficiently cooled, and the lateral cutting area is also fully performed. Cooling greatly increases the service life of the drilling tool.
  • the plurality of cavities 16 are spirally arranged from the shank 11 toward the cutting end portion 12, and have a common axial elevation angle with the chip pocket 3. From the shank 11 to the cutting end portion 12, the apertures of the communication holes 17 connected to the respective cavities 16 are sequentially increased to provide greater circumferential pressure to the large overhang of the drilling tool, and the cutting end portion is more effectively suppressed. 12 deflections, make up the drill The larger the overhang of the hole cutter is, the worse the rigidity is.
  • the communication hole 17 is opened at the center of the bottom surface of the cavity 16, which facilitates the uniform distribution of the coolant and improves the balance and stability.
  • the central axis of the communication hole 17 is coplanar with the central axis of rotation of the blade body 1 in order to secure the strength of the peripheral surface 13.
  • the cutting insert 2 includes an outer cutting insert 21 and an inner cutting insert 22 which are disposed close to the peripheral surface 13, and the inner cutting insert 22 is disposed close to the central axis of rotation of the cutter body 1.
  • the blade body 1 has two circumferential faces 13, and the cavity 16 on the two circumferential faces 13 is axially symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of rotation of the blade body 1, which facilitates the balance of the cutting force.
  • the drilling tool of the present invention When the drilling tool of the present invention is in operation, a part of the flowing cooling medium is transported to the cutting area through the inner cooling hole 15, and another part of the flowing cooling medium is sent to the cavity 16 through the inner cooling hole 15 and the communication hole 17, and the circumferential surface 13 and The drilling surface seals most of the cooling medium in the cavity 16 within the cavity 16, and a small portion is disposed between the circumferential surface 13 and the drilling surface, so that the circumferential surface 13 is formed in the same number as the cavity 16.
  • the circumferential pressure is the same as the distribution structure of the cavity 16, and the distribution of the pressure group is symmetrical about the rotation center of the cutter body 1.
  • the amount of pressure exerted by the cooling medium on the cavity 16 and the machined surface depends on the pressure of the cooling medium, the area of the bottom surface of the cavity 16, and the gap between the bottom surface of the cavity 16 and the machined surface of the borehole, in the cooling medium.
  • the pressure and the area of the bottom surface of the cavity 16 are constant, and the smaller the gap between the bottom surface of the cavity 16 and the machined surface, the greater the pressure applied to the cavity 16.
  • a flow of cooling medium between the surface 13 and the machined surface reduces the friction between the drilling tool and the machined surface and improves the quality of the machined surface.
  • the pressure group acting on the cavity 16 can prevent the cutting end portion 12 from deviating from the central axis of rotation of the body 1, so that the drilling surface has a better axial and radial dimension.
  • FIG. 4 to 6 show a second embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment except that the cutting insert 2 is clamped under the elastic deformation of the sipe. No fasteners are required for the connection.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种钻孔刀具，包括刀体（1）和切削刀片（2），所述刀体（1）由柄部（11）、切削端部（12）及位于柄部（11）、切削端部（12）之间的周面（13）构成，所述切削端部（12）上设有刀槽（14），所述切削刀片（2）固定在刀槽（14）中，所述周面（13）上设有与所述刀槽（14）相通的容屑槽（3），所述刀体（1）设有从柄部（11）贯穿至切削端部（12）的内冷孔（15），所述周面（13）上设有多个型腔（16），所述型腔（16）设有与所述内冷孔（15）相通的连通孔（17）。该钻孔刀具具有结构简单、能有效抑制振动、消除悬伸长对孔加工质量不良影响的优点。

Description

一种钻孔刀具
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种钻孔刀具， 尤其涉及一种长径比大的、 抗振动的、 高精度加工的、 钻孔 刀具。
【背景技术】
钻孔刀具切削时主要是切削端部承受切削力， 且切屑只能从切削端部经容屑槽排出， 切 削端部受力时切削端部较夹持的柄部产生挠度， 同时为了切屑能快速的从容屑槽中排出， 容 屑槽一般具有较大的容屑空间从而钻孔刀具的芯厚与钻孔刀具的直径之间的比值较小， 变化 的挠度易使切削端部跟随强度低的周面发生振动， 切削端部到柄部悬伸越长钻孔刀具的刚性 越差， 从而悬伸长的钻孔刀具加工时更加容易发生振动且更加剧烈， 切削时发生振动导致钻 孔刀具断裂、 加工表面质量差、 尺寸精度低， 同时振动能使切削刀片磨损较快， 降低切削刀 片的寿命， 为了保证刀片的使用寿命、 避免钻孔刀具断裂造成工件报废， 钻孔刀具一般只能 用于加工孔径比不大、 加工表面质量不高的使用场合。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足， 提供一种结构简单、能有效抑制振动、 消除悬伸长对孔加工质量不良影响的钻孔刀具。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种钻孔刀具， 包括刀体和切削刀片， 所述刀体由柄部、 切削端部及位于柄部、 切削端 部之间的周面构成， 所述切削端部上设有刀槽， 所述切削刀片固定在刀槽中， 所述周面上设 有与所述刀槽相通的容屑槽， 所述刀体设有从柄部贯穿至切削端部的内冷孔， 所述周面上设 有多个型腔， 所述型腔设有与所述内冷孔相通的连通孔。
所述多个型腔自柄部向切削端部呈螺旋状排列， 且与容屑槽具有共同的轴向升角。 自柄 部向切削端部， 各型腔所连连通孔的孔径依次增大。
所述连通孔开设于所述型腔底面的中心位置。
所述连通孔的中心轴与所述刀体的旋转中心轴共面。
所述切削刀片包括外切削刀片和内切削刀片， 所述外切削刀片接近于所述周面设置， 所 述内切削刀片接近于所述刀体的旋转中心轴设置。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的优点在于：
本发明的钻孔刀具， 在周面上设有多个型腔， 型腔设有与内冷孔相通的连通孔， 工作时流动 的冷却介质经内冷孔、 连通孔输送至型腔， 在刀具和被加工孔内壁之间形成动态的冷却介质 导柱， 其可根据挠度和切削振动动态自动调整介质对钻孔刀具四周压力的变化， 从而消除或 抑制钻孔刀具的切削挠度和切削振动， 使得即便在深加工过程中， 也能够有效抑制振动， 消 除伸长对加工表面圆柱度的影响， 扩宽钻孔刀具在大长径比孔型加工工况的应用； 此外， 本 发明的钻孔刀具具有充分冷却效果， 在对轴向切削区域进行充分冷却的同时， 对侧向切削区 域也进行了充分的冷却， 极大的提高了钻孔刀具的使用寿命。
【附图说明】
图 1是本发明钻孔刀具第一实施例的立体结构示意图。
图 2是本发明钻孔刀具第一实施例的主视结构示意图。
图 3是图 1的局部放大图。
图 4是本发明钻孔刀具第二实施例的立体结构示意图。
图 5是本发明钻孔刀具第二实施例的主视结构示意图。
图 6是图 4的局部放大图。
图中各标号表示：
1、 刀体； 2、 切削刀片； 3、 容屑槽； 4、 紧固件； 11、 柄部； 12、 切削端部； 13、 周面;
14、 刀槽； 15、 内冷孔； 16、 型腔； 17、 连通孔； 21、 外切削刀片； 22、 内切削刀片。
【具体实施方式】
图 1至图 3示出了本发明的第一种钻孔刀具实施例， 该钻孔刀具， 包括刀体 1、 切削刀 片 2和紧固件 4， 刀体 1由柄部 11、 切削端部 12及位于柄部 11、 切削端部 12之间的周面 13 构成， 切削端部 12上设有刀槽 14， 切削刀片 2通过紧固件 4固定在刀槽 14中， 周面 13上 设有与刀槽 14相通的容屑槽 3， 刀体 1设有从柄部 11贯穿至切削端部 12的内冷孔 15， 周面 13上设有多个型腔 16， 型腔 16设有与内冷孔 15相通的连通孔 17， 工作时流动的冷却介质 经内冷孔 15、 连通孔 17输送至型腔 16， 在刀具和被加工孔内壁之间形成动态的冷却介质导 柱， 其可根据挠度和切削振动动态自动调整介质对钻孔刀具四周压力的变化， 从而消除或抑 制钻孔刀具的切削挠度和切削振动， 使得即便在深加工过程中， 也能够有效抑制振动， 消除 伸长对加工表面圆柱度的影响， 扩宽钻孔刀具在大长径比孔型加工工况的应用； 此外， 本发 明的钻孔刀具具有充分冷却效果， 在对轴向切削区域进行充分冷却的同时， 对侧向切削区域 也进行了充分的冷却， 极大的提高了钻孔刀具的使用寿命。
本实施例中， 多个型腔 16 自柄部 11 向切削端部 12呈螺旋状排列， 且与容屑槽 3具有 共同的轴向升角。 自柄部 11 向切削端部 12， 各型腔 16所连连通孔 17的孔径依次增大， 以 便对钻孔刀具的大悬伸处提供更大的周向压力， 更有效的抑制切削端部 12处的挠度， 弥补钻 孔刀具悬伸越大刚性越差的不足； 连通孔 17开设于型腔 16底面的中心位置， 便于冷却液的 均匀分布， 提高其平衡性和稳定性。连通孔 17的中心轴与刀体 1的旋转中心轴共面， 以便保 证周面 13的强度。
本实施例中， 切削刀片 2包括外切削刀片 21和内切削刀片 22， 外切削刀片 21接近于周 面 13设置， 内切削刀片 22接近于刀体 1的旋转中心轴设置。
本实施例中， 刀体 1具有两个周面 13， 两个周面 13上的型腔 16关于刀体 1的旋转中心 轴对称布置， 这样便于保正切削力的平衡。
本发明的钻孔刀具在工作时， 一部分流动的冷却介质经内冷孔 15 输送至切削区域， 另 一部分流动的冷却介质经内冷孔 15、连通孔 17输送至型腔 16， 周面 13和钻孔加工表面将型 腔 16内的大部分冷却介质密封在型腔 16内， 而小部分排于周面 13和钻孔加工表面之间， 使 周面 13上形成与型腔 16具有同等数量的周向压力， 且与型腔 16的分布结构一样， 该压力组 的分布关于刀体 1的旋转中心轴对称。冷却介质给型腔 16和钻孔加工表面施加的压力的大小 取决于冷却介质的压力、 型腔 16的底面面积、 以及型腔 16的底面与钻孔加工表面之间的间 隙决定， 在冷却介质的压力和型腔 16的底面面积一定时， 型腔 16的底面与钻孔加工表面之 间的间隙越小， 给型腔 16施加的压力越大。 当切削端部 12产生切削振动时， 该压力组作用 在型腔 16上产生一个抵抗振动的切削力矩， 该力矩抑制、衰减切削振动， 当切削力矩足够大 时， 甚至可以消除振动， 从而提高加工表面质量， 并防止振动导致的钻孔刀具断裂， 有效的 避免工件报废。周面 13和钻孔加工表面之间具有一定压力的流动的冷却介质， 可减少钻孔刀 具和钻孔加工表面之间的摩擦， 提高加工表面质量。 同时， 作用在型腔 16上的压力组可以抑 制切削端部 12偏离刀体 1的旋转中心轴产生挠度， 使钻孔加工表面具有更好的轴向、径向尺 寸。
图 4至图 6示出了本发明的第二种钻孔刀具实施例， 本实施例与上一实施例基本相同， 区别仅在于， 切削刀片 2是在刀槽的弹性变形作用下被夹持的， 不需要紧固件进行连接。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上， 然而并非用以限定本发明。 任何熟悉本领域的技 术人员， 在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下， 都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技 术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰， 或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。 因此， 凡是未脱离本 发明技术方案的内容， 依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、 等同变化及 修饰， 均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种钻孔刀具， 包括刀体 （1) 和切削刀片 （2)， 所述刀体 （1) 由柄部 （11)、 切 削端部（12)及位于柄部（11)、切削端部（12)之间的周面（13)构成，所述切削端部（12) 上设有刀槽 （14)， 所述切削刀片 （2) 固定在刀槽 （14) 中， 所述周面 （13) 上设有与所 述刀槽 （14) 相通的容屑槽 （3)， 所述刀体 （1) 设有从柄部 （11) 贯穿至切削端部 （12) 的内冷孔 （15)， 其特征在于： 所述周面 （13) 上设有多个型腔 （16)， 所述型腔 （16) 设 有与所述内冷孔 （15) 相通的连通孔 （17)。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的钻孔刀具， 其特征在于： 所述多个型腔 （16) 自柄部 （11) 向切削端部 （12) 呈螺旋状排列， 且与容屑槽 （3) 具有共同的轴向升角。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的钻孔刀具，其特征在于： 自柄部（11)向切削端部（12)， 各型腔 （16) 所连连通孔 （17) 的孔径依次增大。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的钻孔刀具， 其特征在于： 所述连通孔 （17) 开设于所 述型腔 （16) 底面的中心位置。
5、 根据权利要求 3 所述的钻孔刀具， 其特征在于： 所述连通孔 （17) 开设于所述型 腔 （16) 底面的中心位置。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的钻孔刀具， 其特征在于： 所述连通孔 （17) 的中心轴 与所述刀体 （1) 的旋转中心轴共面。
7、 根据权利要求 5 所述的钻孔刀具， 其特征在于： 所述连通孔 （17) 的中心轴与所 述刀体 （1) 的旋转中心轴共面。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的钻孔刀具， 其特征在于： 所述切削刀片 （2) 包括外切 削刀片 （21) 和内切削刀片 （22)， 所述外切削刀片 （21) 接近于所述周面 （13) 设置， 所述内切削刀片 （22) 接近于所述刀体 （1) 的旋转中心轴设置。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的钻孔刀具， 其特征在于： 所述切削刀片 （2) 包括外切削刀 片 （21) 和内切削刀片 （22)， 所述外切削刀片 （21) 接近于所述周面 （13) 设置， 所述 内切削刀片 （22) 接近于所述刀体 （1) 的旋转中心轴设置。
PCT/CN2013/084784 2013-06-28 2013-09-30 一种钻孔刀具 WO2014205948A1 (zh)

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