WO2014192366A1 - 瓦礫処理用組成物および瓦礫処理方法 - Google Patents
瓦礫処理用組成物および瓦礫処理方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014192366A1 WO2014192366A1 PCT/JP2014/056775 JP2014056775W WO2014192366A1 WO 2014192366 A1 WO2014192366 A1 WO 2014192366A1 JP 2014056775 W JP2014056775 W JP 2014056775W WO 2014192366 A1 WO2014192366 A1 WO 2014192366A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rubble
- gypsum
- polymer flocculant
- sand
- earth
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical group O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZPOHIRTVQMRBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C KZPOHIRTVQMRBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQHCGPGATAYRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound ClC.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C WQHCGPGATAYRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001612 separation test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZGINNVTHJQMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound [Na+].NC(=O)C=C.CC(C)CS([O-])(=O)=O AZGINNVTHJQMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K2003/3045—Sulfates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique useful for the treatment of rubble composed of destroyed buildings, etc., and more particularly, rubble firmly attached to earth and sand, particularly rubble covered with seawater and stuck to earth and sand is easily separated into earth and sand and rubble.
- the present invention relates to a debris treatment composition that enables the debris treatment method and a debris treatment method performed using such a composition.
- the debris generated in the Great East Japan Earthquake has a high water content, which makes it difficult to process by sieving, so that particles having a water content are charged.
- a specific compound capable of chemically bonding (clay, silt, colloidal particles, etc.) makes it easier for the particles to separate from the foreign matter.
- Similar proposals have been made for construction-generated soils.
- residual soil with a high water content is very sticky and tends to adhere to a mixer or the like, making it difficult to treat. For this reason, it has been proposed to screen the construction-generated soil and a substance such as a polymer having a soil aggregating function after mixing with a mixer.
- sludge such as the seabed, soil and earth and sand are collectively referred to simply as “earth and sand”.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a huge amount of debris to which earth and sand are firmly attached, in particular, various substances broken and broken by strong force such as tsunami and mixed with earth and sand carried by tsunami and the like.
- a useful technology that can easily separate soil and rubble easily and efficiently without adversely affecting the environment when separating firmly attached sediment from rubble. It is to provide.
- the present invention is a rubble treatment composition for separating earth and sand from rubble to which earth and sand are attached, and includes at least 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of a polymer flocculant with respect to 100 parts by mass of gypsum,
- a composition for treating rubble wherein the gypsum has a BSA specific surface area of 15000 cm 2 / g or less, and 95% or more of the polymer flocculant is in the form of a powder having a particle diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the gypsum has a BSA specific surface area of 10,000 cm 2 / g or less; the polymer flocculant is in the form of a powder having a particle diameter of 150 ⁇ m or less; 95% or more of the polymer flocculant; 90% or more thereof is in a powder form having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more; the polymer flocculant is an anionic or nonionic polymer flocculant; the polymer flocculant may be branched. It is a synthetic polymer compound having a good chain structure; the gypsum is hemihydrate gypsum or type III anhydrous gypsum, and 95% or more thereof has a particle diameter of 700 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention is a rubble treatment method for separating earth and sand from rubble to which earth and sand are attached, wherein gypsum and a polymer flocculant are added to the rubble to which earth and sand are attached, respectively.
- these are added in a premixed state, and a kneading process is performed, and a separation process is performed for separating the debris and the earth and sand adhering to the debris from the kneaded material obtained in the treatment process.
- a rubble treatment method characterized by adding 10 to 100 kg of gypsum and 0.01 to 10 kg of a polymer flocculant to 1 m 3 of the rubble.
- the gypsum has a particle diameter of 700 ⁇ m or less; the gypsum has a BSA specific surface area of 15000 cm 2 / g or less, and the polymer flocculant is 95%
- the above is a powder having a particle size of 200 ⁇ m or less; the gypsum has a BSA specific surface area of 10,000 cm 2 / g or less; the polymer flocculant has a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the polymer flocculant is in powder form with a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more; the polymer flocculant is an anionic or nonionic synthetic polymer flocculant
- the polymer flocculant is a synthetic polymer compound having a chain structure which may have a branch; the gypsum is hemihydrate gypsum or type III anhydrous gypsum; Seawater It sediment with high sticking property that due to is rubble attached; and the like.
- the rubble containing a large amount of earth and sand generated by mixing with seawater as occurred in the Great East Japan Earthquake can be separated from the rubble by a very simple operation.
- a debris processing composition that can easily and efficiently separate earth and sand and debris, which has been an important problem in debris processing, and a debris processing method using such a composition are provided.
- the present inventors have studied the properties of rubble stuck to earth and sand, particularly rubble generated in the Great East Japan Earthquake.
- the debris that was destroyed by a huge tsunami and carried along with a large amount of earth and sand is covered with seawater, so it differs from the debris generated at normal construction sites or simply collapsed buildings.
- the soil was firmly attached in a sticky state, and it was recognized that it was extremely difficult to separate the sediment from the rubble.
- agglutination a method that can easily separate the earth and sand firmly attached to the debris in such a sticky state (hereinafter referred to as agglutination) by a simple method has not been known so far and solves such a problem. We thought it was an urgent task and conducted an intensive study.
- the inventors of the present invention have confirmed the following problems with the conventional rubble treatment method as a premise for study.
- a conventional rubble treatment method there is a method of separating rubble into a water tank and separating a sediment and a levitated material, as proposed in Patent Document 1 mentioned above.
- a secondary facility is needed to treat this, and the equipment becomes large-scale and affected areas Adoption is difficult.
- the water-soluble polymer powder having the function of agglomerating the soil is added to and mixed with the residual soil having a high adhesiveness and a high water content ratio. It is said that by applying a splitting machine, a soft or highly sticky soil with a high water content can be made to have a fluidity like sand that can be reused for backfilling and other construction.
- the inventors of the present invention have tried to apply the above-described technology for separating debris and earth from construction-generated soil to debris to which earth and sand having high agglutination properties have adhered.
- the debris generated by the giant tsunami is destroyed by seawater and mixed with soil and sand that have been scraped off while being washed into the seawater, so that it contains a large amount of sodium in seawater. Since the sodium component is taken into the soil (clay mineral) in the earth and sand, it was confirmed that the sodium component contained in the soil cannot be easily removed even if washed with water. And the sodium component contained in this earth and sand is the reason which shows the high agglutination property with respect to debris, and this reduces the agglutination property of a debris by the conventional process aiming at the fall of a moisture content. I came to the conclusion that this was the reason why I could not.
- the present inventors realized a reduction in the moisture content of rubble and agglutination by realizing a reduction in the sodium content in the rubble in addition to a reduction in the moisture content of the rubble in the workpiece. It is important to achieve both the reduction of the property and if it can be done in this way, it was considered that the separation of earth and sand and rubble would be easy.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to find a method that can achieve both reduction of the moisture content in the debris and reduction of the sedimentation of the sediment (reduction of sodium components in the sediment) in the treated product.
- the present inventors have found a combination of useful substances that can obtain the above-described effects by a simple method, and have arrived at the present invention.
- the debris treatment is performed using 100 parts by mass of gypsum having a specific specific surface area and 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of a powdery polymer flocculant having a specific particle size and a uniform size.
- the extremely simple configuration as described above makes it possible to achieve both a reduction in the moisture content of rubble and a reduction in the agglomeration, and to realize the remarkable effects of the present invention.
- the material to be treated is attached to earth and sand having high cohesiveness caused by a tsunami, which is currently a concern.
- the debris from the Great East Japan Earthquake was processed, the earth and sand firmly attached to the rubble became crumbly and easily separated (dropped) from the rubble, and after that, the earth and sand and rubble could be easily separated. I found a surprising effect.
- the present inventors consider that the reason why the above-described remarkable effect is obtained is as follows.
- the sodium component in a state of being taken into the soil (clay mineral) that causes high agglomeration by kneading the rubble firmly adhered to the earth and sand.
- it is replaced by a calcium component derived from gypsum constituting the composition for treating rubble.
- This substituted sodium component dissolves in water contained in the rubble, and is further absorbed together with water in the polymer flocculant constituting the rubble treatment composition.
- the present inventors believe that the reason why the reduction of the moisture content of rubble and the reduction of the agglomeration can be achieved is the result of the series of phenomena described above. Furthermore, in addition to the above, since the gypsum constituting the debris treatment composition itself is smooth, this can also effectively reduce the agglomeration of the earth and sand adhering to the debris. This is considered to be a factor that facilitates the peeling of the film.
- the present inventors conducted the following experiment in order to confirm the reason mentioned above. That is, an extraction operation is performed using an aqueous solvent, and sodium ions contained in the extract obtained as a sample of the earth and sand adhering to the debris and the earth and debris are separated from each other using the debris treatment composition of the present invention. Then, the amount of sodium ion contained in the extract obtained by extracting the treated soil as a sample with a water solvent was measured, and the measured values were compared. As a result of the above comparison, the extract using the treated soil treated with the debris treatment composition of the present invention as a sample contains clearly more sodium ions than the extract without using the composition. It was out. Also from this, by treating the rubble with the debris treatment composition of the present invention, the sodium component adhering to the soil and the calcium component derived from gypsum constituting the debris treatment composition are replaced. It is verified that
- composition for debris treatment (plaster)
- gypsum constituting the composition for treating rubble of the present invention
- any of dihydrate gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, and anhydrous gypsum (type I anhydrous, type II anhydrous, type III anhydrous) can be used.
- hemihydrate gypsum or type III anhydrous gypsum is more preferable.
- hemihydrate gypsum and type III anhydrous gypsum are superior in hygroscopicity, so compared to dihydrate gypsum and type II anhydrous gypsum, the polymer flocculant absorbs moisture and prevents the occurrence of defects that become damaging.
- sodium contained in earth and sand (soil) attached to the rubble is a gypsum that is a constituent of gypsum. By replacing it with calcium (sodium component dissolves in water), it is possible to reduce the stickiness of earth and sand (soil).
- the composition for treating rubble according to the present invention has a problem when storing the polymer flocculant used together with gypsum in stock or the like because gypsum is a constituent component. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a problem that the polymer flocculant becomes lumpy. According to the study by the present inventors, the composition can be stored for a long period of time as a composition for treating rubble as long as the composition ratio specified in the present invention is satisfied. Therefore, the composition for treating rubble according to the present invention can be made into a mixture containing gypsum and a polymer flocculant, and by doing so, its practicality can be improved.
- composition for treating rubble according to the present invention is not limited to such a form, and the gypsum defined in the present invention and the polymer flocculant defined in the present invention are separately provided according to the use situation. It is good also as a form which makes it a set and uses these together at the time of use.
- the gypsum constituting the composition for treating rubble of the present invention is highly effective when the BSA specific surface area is 15000 cm 2 / g or less. More preferably, a more remarkable effect is obtained when the BSA specific surface area is 10,000 cm 2 / g or less, and more preferably 5000 cm 2 / g or less. That is, according to the study by the present inventors, gypsum as a calcium supply source can be used as appropriate regardless of the specific surface area, but a specific surface area as defined in the present invention was used. In the case of the process, it shows high performance as a calcium supply material, is easily replaced with sodium in the soil, and the effects of the present invention can be obtained more remarkably.
- gypsum having a large specific surface area of more than 15000 cm 2 / g has some influence on the polymer flocculant, and as a result, the separation efficiency between rubble and earth and sand tends to be slightly deteriorated. Since it is also seen, it is not preferable.
- the gypsum constituting the composition for treating rubble of the present invention is more preferably in a powder form.
- the particle size for example, the particle size of 95% or more of the gypsum is 700 ⁇ m or less, more preferably the particle size of 95% or more is 600 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter is a value obtained by measuring a gypsum obtained by passing a sieve having a mesh opening of 1 mm in advance and removing paper pieces and pebbles mixed from waste gypsum by a laser diffraction / scattering method.
- the gypsum used for the debris treatment composition of the present invention basically has a function as a calcium ion supply source, as described above, natural gypsum, by-product gypsum, etc. Any of these can be used.
- waste gypsum, especially waste gypsum board can also be used. At that time, the board base paper or the like contained in the waste gypsum can be used as it is as a rubble treatment composition without removing the paper or the like, and there is no adverse effect.
- the polymer flocculant constituting the rubble treatment composition of the present invention is contained in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the above-mentioned gypsum.
- the above-mentioned particles having a particle size of 200 ⁇ m or less are used.
- the composition for treating rubble of the present invention contains a polymer flocculant as a constituent component thereof, and therefore the composition for treating rubble of the present invention and rubble are kneaded. Furthermore, it is possible to absorb and retain the moisture of the soil adhering to the rubble at an early stage.
- the calcium component supplied by gypsum is quickly replaced, and the sodium component dissolved in the moisture in the soil is high. It will be taken in by the molecular flocculant. Note that the polymer flocculant has no power to retain the sodium component itself.
- the content of the polymer flocculant constituting the rubble treatment composition of the present invention is in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of gypsum, and more preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass of gypsum. 5 to 8 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass. That is, if the amount of the polymer flocculant is too small, the amount of water absorption of the rubble treatment composition is insufficient due to a short kneading time between the rubble treatment composition and the rubble, and the effects of the present invention described above. May be insufficiently expressed.
- the amount is more than the above range, the polymer flocculant becomes lumped in the rubble treatment composition when the rubble treatment composition is stored, and the water absorption performance of the polymer flocculant is deteriorated.
- the rubble targeted by the rubble treatment composition of the present invention is rubble to which earth and sand having high agglutination properties are attached. Therefore, when the rubble to be treated has a high water content, the rubble is treated. It is preferable to use a material having a large amount of the polymer flocculant constituting the rubble treatment composition of the present invention to be used.
- the polymer flocculant constituting the rubble treatment composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but among them, it is preferable to use a flocculant made of a synthetic polymer compound having a chain structure which may have a branch. . That is, in the present invention, linear polymers, linear polymers, and rod-shaped polymers, which have a linear structure without branching, or branched polymers and branched polymers, which are also called branched polymers. Any chain structure having a chain can be preferably used.
- a flocculant composed of a network polymer compound having a three-dimensional structure also referred to as a network polymer or a crosslinked polymer (hereinafter simply referred to as network polymer aggregation).
- network polymer aggregation a network polymer compound having a three-dimensional structure also referred to as a network polymer or a crosslinked polymer
- a chain-like polymer flocculant that may have a branch as described above (hereinafter also referred to simply as a chain-structured polymer flocculant).
- the earth and sand having high agglutinability attached to the rubble is more easily separated from the rubble, and the effects of the present invention can be obtained more remarkably.
- the treatment with a network-structured polymer flocculant supplies the gypsum with sodium present in the soil.
- the replacement efficiency was replaced by calcium to slightly decrease.
- rubble which is particularly a problem in the present invention and is covered with seawater and the sand is firmly stuck
- replacement of sodium in the seawater taken into the soil causing the strong sticking to calcium
- Higher efficiency can reduce this strong agglomeration, and can more easily peel the earth and sand from the rubble.
- the use of this chain-structured polymer flocculant makes it possible to more easily remove the highly agglutinating earth and sand adhering to the debris from the debris. Has been confirmed by.
- the type of the polymer flocculant used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any anionic, nonionic or cationic polymer flocculant conventionally used for industrial wastewater treatment or the like is used. can do. Specifically, any one can be preferably used as long as it is used for coagulating precipitation of suspended substances in industrial wastewater. Examples thereof include a polymer composed of a single monomer selected from acrylamide, sodium acrylate, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, styrene sulfonic acid and the like, and a copolymer synthesized from a plurality of these monomers.
- examples of the cationic polymer flocculant include a copolymer of acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and methyl chloride quaternary salt
- examples of the nonionic polymer flocculant include polyacrylamide.
- examples of anionic polymer flocculants include acrylic acid-based compounds such as acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymer, and sulfonic acid-based copolymers such as acrylamide / sodium acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate. Can be mentioned.
- a nonionic polymer flocculant or an anionic polymer flocculant and in particular, an anionic polymer flocculant, especially an acrylic acid-based polymer flocculant. It is preferable to use a polymer flocculant.
- the reason for this is that when the rubble covered with seawater is treated with the composition for treating rubble of the present invention, the sodium component taken into the soil caused by the seawater is replaced with calcium in the gypsum to be used together. Since calcium ions are present on the surface, it is considered that the use of an anionic polymer flocculant can react more quickly than a cationic or nonionic polymer flocculant.
- the use of an anionic polymer flocculant has also confirmed that it is possible to more easily peel off the highly agglomerated earth and sand adhering to the rubble from the rubble, as will be described later. .
- the polymer flocculant constituting the rubble treatment composition of the present invention 95% or more of a powdery powder having a particle diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less is used. More preferably, 95% or more of the polymer flocculant is in the form of a powder having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the smaller the particle size of the polymer flocculant the faster the water absorption speed, and the work time when processing rubble can be shortened. However, if the particle size of the polymer flocculant is too small, it may cause dust generation when kneaded with rubble, which may deteriorate the working environment.
- the polymer flocculant has a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 95% or more of the polymer flocculant has a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size of the polymer flocculant was measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method.
- the rubble treatment composition of the present invention may contain an aluminum compound or the like in addition to the above-described constituent components.
- an aluminum compound or the like As described in JP 2010-207659 A, at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, and derivatives thereof with respect to calcined gypsum (hemihydrate gypsum).
- Addition and mixing of various aluminum compounds and neutralizing agents containing calcium or magnesium components can effectively reduce elution of heavy metals, etc., and show good solidification performance against mud, It can be insolubilized solidified material such as neutral heavy metals.
- the debris to be treated in the present invention may naturally contain heavy metals, and there is a possibility that heavy metals are also contained in the earth and sand treated with the debris treating composition of the present invention and separated from the debris. Therefore, it is effective to contain an aluminum compound or the like in the rubble treatment composition of the present invention.
- a composition in which an aluminum compound is added to calcined gypsum can suppress generation of hydrogen sulfide when used as a soil solidifying material. Therefore, from this point, it is preferable that the aluminum compound is added.
- a pH adjuster etc. can be used suitably as needed.
- a lime-based material that reacts with earth and sand it is preferable not to use a lime-based material that reacts with earth and sand as a constituent material. That is, when a large amount of lime-based material is added, the lime-based material reacts with the nitrogen component in the soil to generate ammonia, and in this case, there is a concern about deterioration of the processing environment.
- the rubble treatment method of the present invention was obtained by adding and kneading 10 to 100 kg of gypsum and 0.01 to 10 kg of a polymer flocculant to 1 m 3 of rubble to which earth and sand were adhered, and obtained by the treatment step. It has the separation process which isolate
- As a method for adding gypsum and polymer flocculant to the rubble at that time it may be added to each of them, or the mixture may be added in a state where gypsum and polymer flocculant are mixed in advance. .
- the debris to which the earth and sand to be treated in the present invention are attached is not particularly limited, for example, debris dumped illegally in the mountains or on the coast, debris launched on the coast or the like, debris generated by storm surge or tsunami
- the remarkable effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the separation treatment of earth and sand and rubble can be easily performed, so that the greater effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the gypsum specified in the present invention and the powdery polymer flocculant are added to the rubble at a ratio specified in the present invention, and these are kneaded by an extremely simple operation. Even earth and sand having high agglomeration properties attached to the rubble can be easily separated from the rubble. Specifically, the earth and sand firmly attached to the rubble will be in a state of being easily peeled off after the kneading operation.
- the kneader used in the above case is not particularly limited, and any kneader can be used as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- the above-mentioned gypsum and powdery polymer flocculant may be added and mixed separately, but these may be mixed in advance and used for the treatment step.
- the gypsum and the polymer flocculant are mixed in advance, if the polymer flocculant is added more than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the gypsum, the polymer flocculant is damped in the gypsum over time. Therefore, it is not preferable to store a mixture of gypsum and a polymer flocculant for a long period of time.
- the gypsum and the polymer flocculant used in the rubble treatment method of the present invention it is particularly preferable to use the constituent material of the composition for rubble treatment of the present invention having the structure described above.
- the gypsum used has a BSA specific surface area of preferably 15000 cm 2 / g or less, and 95% or more of the powdery polymer flocculant used has a particle diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the powder form is preferable.
- the treated product obtained by the rubble treatment method of the present invention is a crumbly earth and sand adhering to the rubble, but in a separation step performed after the treatment step.
- the separation operation is not particularly limited.
- a sieving operation performed while shaking the processed material in this state is exemplified, but the method is not limited thereto.
- the sieving operation may be performed manually or automatically with a vibration sieve or the like.
- an operation is performed to separate the rubble forming the treated product and the earth and sand adhering to the rubble in a raged state. It may be easy to separate the rubble.
- the object to be treated by the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, as described above, the earth and sand have high agglutination due to the sodium component, the earth and sand adhere firmly, and the rubble easily It is preferable that the rubble does not peel off.
- the effects of the present invention are more prominent when such rubble is processed. That is, as described above, when the rubble treatment composition of the present invention is kneaded into the rubble, gypsum becomes a calcium supply source and adheres to the soil causing sedimentation of the earth and sand.
- the soil with the adhesive property loses its adhesive property.
- the remarkable effect is expressed by becoming a fragile and easy-to-peel state.
- the rubble treated by the method of the present invention preferably has a certain water content.
- most of the rubble to which earth and sand are attached has a certain water content, and in particular, the rubble generated due to the huge tsunami generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake has a water content ratio of at least 30%. Since most of them contain a large amount of sodium components resulting from seawater, both are suitable treatment targets of the present invention. For this reason, when the debris to be treated by the treatment method of the present invention has a very low moisture content, it is also effective to increase the moisture content by watering the debris.
- Example 1 Reference Example 1 (examination of difference in specific surface area of gypsum powder)
- rubble treatment compositions with different properties of gypsum powder the actual rubble with a large amount of earth and sand due to the huge tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake was treated as follows to treat rubble A separation treatment test with earth and sand was conducted.
- the water content of the rubble used for the treatment was 40%.
- each rubble composed of 50 kg of hemihydrate gypsum having different BSA specific surface areas as shown in Table 1 and 0.5 kg of a polymer flocculant in which 95% or more of the powder has a particle diameter of 150 ⁇ m or less.
- a treatment composition (hereinafter referred to as a rubble treatment material) was used for each.
- a rubble treatment material As the hemihydrate gypsum constituting each rubble treatment material, 95% or more of powdery particles having a particle diameter of 600 ⁇ m or less were used.
- the main component of the polymer flocculant is a copolymer of acrylamide / sodium acrylate (anion amount: 30 to 35 mol%, anion degree: 3.6 to 3.8 meq / gr, molecular weight: about 9 million). ) Anionic ones were used.
- each debris treatment material having the above-described configuration was treated as follows, and the debris removal efficiency of the earth and sand adhering to the debris was determined as follows, and each debris treatment material was evaluated.
- treatment with each rubble treatment material was performed according to the following procedure. To the debris 1 m 3 to which the earth and sand having the above-mentioned sticking property adhere, various debris treatment materials having different BSA specific surface areas as shown in Table 1 are added with a mixer for 1 minute. Kneaded and kneaded. After kneading, the rubble was sieved using a sieve having a sieve mesh of 9.5 mm.
- Peeling efficiency (%) [Weight of treated soil under sieve / (rubble + debris treatment material (gypsum powder + polymer flocculant))] x 100
- Example 2 (examination on the difference in types of gypsum powder)]
- Example 1 except that 1 m 3 of rubble having a water content of 40% similar to that used in the treatment of Example 1 was used, and the type of gypsum powder constituting each rubble treatment material was changed as shown in Table 2.
- the same treatment test as that performed in the above was performed and evaluated in the same manner.
- the composition of each rubble treatment material is as follows.
- the same BSA specific surface area as used in Example 1-5 is 5000 cm 2 / g, and different types of gypsum powder shown in Table 2 are used. Were used for each.
- Example 2 the same polymer flocculant as that used in Example 1 was used as the polymer flocculant constituting each rubble treatment material.
- the peeling efficiency was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results obtained in Table 2 are shown.
- the cone index of the treated soil under the sieve was measured as follows, and the obtained results are shown together in Table 2.
- the cone index test was carried out by the following method in accordance with “Corn index test of compacted soil JIS A1228”.
- a cone penetrometer was vertically set at the center of the upper end surface of the obtained specimen, and penetrated at a speed of 1 cm / second, and the tip of the cone penetrated 5 cm, 7.5 cm, and 10 cm from the end face of the specimen. Each penetration resistance is obtained from the reading of the load meter.
- the system using hemihydrate gypsum and type III anhydrous gypsum has a strength of 400 kN / m 2 or more that can be used for roadbed / road body embankment, civil engineering structure backing material, river embankment, land development. It was.
- Example 3 Reference Examples 2 and 3 (examination of difference in particle diameter of polymer flocculant)
- the sediment removal efficiency differs depending on the particle size distribution of the polymer flocculant used in the construction of the debris treatment material. More specifically, it has been found that high peeling efficiency can be obtained when a polymer flocculant having a particle size of 95% or more having a particle size of 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less is used. It was. In the case of Reference Examples 2 and 3 in which the particle size of the polymer flocculant was larger than this, a high peeling efficiency was obtained as compared with the case of using the conventional method. Was inferior in water absorption speed, took time for the peeling operation, and when the actual processing operation was performed, there were problems in terms of rapid processing, and it was confirmed that the practicality was inferior.
- Example 4 Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Reference Example 4 (Study on blending amount of polymer flocculant-treatment of rubble having a water content of 30%)] Instead of the debris with a water content of 40% treated in the previous examples, a large amount of earth and sand due to the huge tsunami generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake adhered, and the water content ratio was 30%, lower than in the case of Example 1 Using 1 m 3 of actual rubble, it was treated as follows, and a separation treatment test between rubble and earth and sand was conducted. The blending ratio of hemihydrate gypsum and polymer flocculant, which are constituents of each debris treatment material, is shown in Table 4, and the amount of debris treatment material used in the treatment is 30 kg.
- Example 2 The same treatment test as in Example 1 was conducted except that the amount used was reduced, and evaluation was performed in the same manner.
- each rubble treatment material used what was stored for 1 month after blending gypsum powder and a polymer flocculant.
- the composition of each rubble treatment material was used, and for gypsum powder, 100 parts of hemihydrate gypsum having a BSA specific surface area of 5000 cm 2 / g similar to that used in Example 1-5 was used.
- the same particle size distribution as that used in Example 1 with 95% or more having a particle diameter of 150 ⁇ m or less was used. The obtained results are summarized in Table 4.
- the sediment removal efficiency differs depending on the blending ratio of the polymer flocculant used. More specifically, first, when the polymer flocculant is not blended or when compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the blending amount is extremely small, the effect of improving the peeling efficiency by using the polymer flocculant. was clearly recognized. And when the compounding quantity of the polymer flocculent was 0.1 mass part or more with respect to 100 mass parts of gypsum powder, Preferably it was 0.5 mass part or more, and it confirmed that high peeling efficiency was obtained. Further, when the blending amount of the polymer flocculant is increased, the peeling efficiency is improved.
- Example 5 Comparative Examples 3 and 4, Reference Example 5 (Study on blending amount of polymer flocculant-treatment of debris having a water content of 50%)] Instead of the debris with a water content of 40% treated in Example 1, 1 m 3 each of the actual debris with a high water content ratio of 50% with a large amount of sediment attached due to the huge tsunami generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake Then, the separation treatment test for rubble and earth and sand was performed as follows. A treatment test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of hemihydrate gypsum and the polymer flocculant, which are constituents of each debris treatment material, was as shown in Table 5. evaluated.
- each rubble treatment material used in the test was one month after mixing the gypsum powder and the polymer flocculant.
- the amount of rubble treatment material used is such that the amount of hemihydrate gypsum is 50 kg, and the composition of each rubble treatment material is the same BSA specific surface area as that used in Example 1-5 for gypsum powder.
- Hemihydrate gypsum having a particle size of 5000 cm 2 / g was used, and the polymer flocculant having the same particle size distribution as that used in Example 1 with 95% or more having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or less was used.
- the obtained results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 6 and Comparative Example 5 (Study on blending amount of polymer flocculant when added separately-treating rubble with a water content of 30%)]
- the same treatment as in Example 4 was carried out as follows using 1 m 3 each of actual rubble with a water content of 30% adhered to a large amount of earth and sand caused by the huge tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Then, the separation test of rubble and earth and sand was conducted.
- the ratio of hemihydrate gypsum and polymer flocculant to be added to the rubble is shown in Table 6 (the same ratio as in Table 4), but each rubble treatment material is pre-blended with gypsum powder and polymer flocculant.
- Example 7 Comparative Example 6 (examination of difference in chemical structure of polymer flocculant)] Separation treatment of rubble and earth and sand using 1 m 3 of actual rubble with a water content of 30% attached to a large amount of earth and sand caused by the huge tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, as in Example 4 A test was conducted.
- the polymer flocculants used at that time are all anionic, the main component of which is a copolymer of acrylamide / sodium acrylate, but each has a different chemical structure.
- Example 7 shows the results obtained. As shown in Table 7, the advantage of rubble treatment by using a polymer flocculant having a chain structure which may have a branch, particularly by using a linear polymer flocculant having no branched chain The superiority of rubble treatment was confirmed.
- Example 8 Comparative Example 7 (examination of difference in ionicity of polymer flocculant)
- Example 8 Similar to the treatment in Example 4, 1 m 3 each of the actual rubble with a water content of 30% attached to a large amount of sediment caused by the huge tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the separation treatment test of rubble and sediment Went.
- the polymer flocculant used at that time the following three types having different ionic properties were used. Specifically, the acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymer used in the other examples was used as the anionic polymer flocculant, and polyacrylamide was used as the nonionic polymer flocculant.
- a copolymer of acrylamide / dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt was used as the molecular flocculant, and the superiority of the polymer flocculant due to the difference in ionicity was investigated.
- a polymer flocculant having a chemical structure without any network structure was used. Except for this, the treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 4-4. Specifically, the amount of hemihydrate gypsum added to the debris described above was 100 parts, and the blending amount of each polymer flocculant was 5 parts. Table 8 shows the results obtained. As shown in Table 8, the superiority of rubble treatment can be obtained by using anionic or nonionic polymer flocculants as compared with cationic ones, in particular, anionic polymer flocculants The superiority of rubble treatment by using it was confirmed.
- the present invention although it has a very simple configuration, various materials broken and crushed by the strong force of a tsunami are preconditions for processing debris mixed with earth and sand by a tsunami, In separating rubble, there is provided a useful technique capable of easily separating earth and sand having a sticking property easily and efficiently without adversely affecting the environment. For this reason, the huge amount of debris generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake can be expedited, and as a result, progress in reconstruction projects is expected. Furthermore, the application example of the present invention is not limited to the above, and the application of the technology of the present invention is also effective for debris disposal that is illegally dumped in the mountains or on the coast. Expected to contribute.
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Abstract
Description
〔瓦礫処理用組成物〕
(石膏)
本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物を構成する石膏としては、二水石膏、半水石膏、無水石膏(I型無水、II型無水、III型無水)のいずれも使用できるが、瓦礫に付着している土砂の処分の際、一定程度の強度が必要とされることが多く、その点を考慮すると、半水石膏又はIII型無水石膏であることがより好ましい。また、半水石膏やIII型無水石膏は吸湿性に優れるため、二水石膏、II型無水石膏と比較し、高分子凝集剤が吸湿してダマになる不具合の発生を防止する性能に優れるという利点もある。先に述べたように、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物では、これを瓦礫と混練して使用した場合に、瓦礫に付着した土砂(土壌)に含まれるナトリウムが、石膏の構成成分である石膏のカルシウムと置き換わること(ナトリウム成分は水に溶ける)で、土砂(土壌)の膠着性を低減させることを可能としている。また、本発明者らの検討によれば、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物は、石膏を構成成分としたことで、石膏と併用する高分子凝集剤を在庫等で保存する際に問題となる、高分子凝集剤がダマになるといった不具合の発生を抑制することができる。本発明者らの検討によれば、特に、本発明で規定する配合割合を満たすものであれば、瓦礫処理用組成物として長期間保存することができる。したがって、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物は、その荷姿を石膏と高分子凝集剤とを含む混合物とすることができ、このようにすることで、その実用性を向上させることができる。しかし、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物は、このような形態に限られるものでなく、使用状況に応じて、本発明で規定する石膏と、本発明で規定する高分子凝集剤とを別々にしたセットとし、使用時にこれらを一緒に使用する形態としてもよい。
本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物を構成する高分子凝集剤は、上記した石膏100質量部に対して0.1~10質量部の範囲の量で含有されるが、本発明では、その95%以上が粒子径200μm以下の粉末状である粒子の揃ったものを用いる。本発明者らの検討によれば、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物は、その構成成分として高分子凝集剤を含んでいるため、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物と瓦礫とを混練させた場合に、早期に瓦礫に付着した土壌の水分を吸収して保持することができる。また、本発明者らの検討によれば、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物と瓦礫との混練処理によって、石膏が供給するカルシウムと速やかに置き換わり、土壌中の水分に溶け込んだナトリウム成分が、高分子凝集剤にとりこまれることになる。なお、高分子凝集剤に、ナトリウム成分自体を保持する力はない。
本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物は、上記した構成成分の他に、アルミニウム化合物等を含有させてもよい。特開2010-207659号公報に記載されているように、焼石膏(半水石膏)に対して、酸化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム及びそれらの誘導体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のアルミニウム化合物、さらに、カルシウム又はマグネシウム成分を含む中和剤を添加混合させれば、重金属等の溶出を効率よく低減でき、かつ、泥土に対して良好な固化性能を示し、さらに処理物が中性となる重金属等不溶化固化材とできる。本発明で処理対象としている瓦礫は、当然に重金属も含むこともあると考えられ、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物によって処理され、瓦礫から剥離した土砂にも重金属が含まれる可能性はある。したがって、本発明の瓦礫処理用組成物にも、アルミニウム化合物等を含有させることが有効である。また、特開2010-208870号公報に記載されているように、焼石膏にアルミニウム化合物を添加した組成物は、土壌の固化材として用いた場合に硫化水素の発生を抑制できる。したがって、この点からもアルミニウム化合物を添加した形態とすることが好ましい。その他、pH調整剤等も必要に応じて適宜に使用できる。なお、土砂と混練した場合に、土砂と反応してしまう石灰系等の材料は、構成材料として使用しない方が好ましい。すなわち、多量の石灰系等の材料を添加すると、石灰系等の材料が土壌中の窒素成分と反応してアンモニアを生成し、この場合には、処理環境の悪化が懸念されるからである。
本発明の瓦礫処理方法は、土砂が付着した瓦礫1m3に、石膏10~100kgと、高分子凝集剤0.01~10kgとを添加して混練する処理工程と、該処理工程で得られた混練物から、瓦礫と該瓦礫に付着した土砂とを分離する分離工程を有することを特徴とする。その際における瓦礫への石膏と高分子凝集剤の添加方法としては、それぞれに添加してもよいし、予め石膏と高分子凝集剤とを混合した状態とし、混合物を添加するようにしてもよい。本発明で処理対象とする土砂が付着した瓦礫は、特に限定されないが、例えば、山中や海岸等に不法投棄されている瓦礫や、海岸等に打ち上げられた瓦礫や、高潮や津波により発生した瓦礫、特に東日本大震災で発生した瓦礫に対して適用した場合に、本発明の顕著な効果が得られる。特に、従来の方法を適用しても、土砂と瓦礫との分離を容易にすることができなかった、海水等の影響でナトリウム成分を多量に含む、高い膠着性を有する土砂が付着した瓦礫に対して本発明の方法を適用することで、土砂と瓦礫との分離処理が容易にできるようになるので、本発明のより大きな効果が得られる。すなわち、本発明の瓦礫処理方法では、本発明で規定する石膏と粉末状の高分子凝集剤とを、本発明で規定する比率で瓦礫に添加し、これらを混練するという極めて簡易な操作によって、瓦礫に付着していた高い膠着性を有する土砂であっても、瓦礫から容易に剥離することが可能になる。具体的には、瓦礫にべたついた状態で強固に付着していた土砂が、上記混練操作後には、ぼろぼろとした剥離しやすい状態のものになる。上記の場合に使用する混練機は特に限定されず、本発明の目的を達成できればいずれのものでもよい。
石膏粉末の性状がそれぞれに異なる瓦礫処理用組成物を用い、東日本大震災で発生した巨大津波に起因して多量の土砂が付着している実際の瓦礫に対し、下記のように処理して瓦礫と土砂との分離処理試験を行った。処理に使用した瓦礫の含水比は、40%であった。処理には、BSA比表面積が表1に示した通りにそれぞれ異なる半水石膏50kgと、その95%以上が粒子径150μm以下の粉末状である高分子凝集剤0.5kgとで構成した各瓦礫処理用組成物(以下、瓦礫処理材と呼ぶ)をそれぞれに用いた。各瓦礫処理材を構成する半水石膏には、95%以上が粒子径600μm以下の粉末状のものを用いた。また、高分子凝集剤には、その主成分が、アクリルアミド・アクリル酸ソーダの共重合物(アニオン量:30~35mol%、アニオン度:3.6~3.8meq/gr、分子量:約900万)のアニオン系のものを用いた。
剥離効率(%)
=〔篩下の処理土の重さ/(瓦礫+瓦礫処理材(石膏粉末+高分子凝集剤))〕×100
実施例1の処理に用いたと同様の含水比40%の瓦礫を1m3ずつ用い、各瓦礫処理材を構成する石膏粉末の種類を表2に示したように変えたこと以外は、実施例1で行ったと同様の処理試験を行い、同様の方法で評価した。具体的には、各瓦礫処理材の構成を、石膏粉末については、実施例1-5で用いたと同様のBSA比表面積が5000cm2/gとし、かつ、表2に示した種類の異なる石膏粉末をそれぞれに用いた。また、各瓦礫処理材を構成する高分子凝集剤には、実施例1で用いたと同様のものを用いた。実施例1の場合と同様にして剥離効率を測定し、表2に得られた結果を示した。また、篩下の処理土のコーン指数を下記のようにして測定し、表2中に、得られた結果を合わせて示した。
まず、篩下の処理土を、JIS A1210に準じて内径10cmのモールドに入れ、質量2.5kgのランマーで1層当たり25回ずつ3層突固め表面を整形し、供試体を調製する。次に、得られた供試体の上端面の中央にコーンペネトロメーターを鉛直に立て、1cm/秒の速度で貫入させ、コーンの先端が供試体端面から、5cm、7.5cm及び10cm貫入したときの荷重計の読みから、それぞれの貫入抵抗力を求める。コーン指数qc(kN/m2)は、平均貫入抵抗力Qc(N)をコーン先端の底面積A(cm2)から、下記式によって算出する。
qc=Qc×10/A
実施例1の処理に用いたと同様の含水比40%の瓦礫を1m3ずつ用い、各瓦礫処理材の構成を表3に示したようにした以外は、実施例1で行ったと同様の処理試験を行い、実施例1の場合と同様の方法で評価した。具体的には、各瓦礫処理材の構成を、石膏粉末については、実施例1-5で用いたと同様のBSA比表面積が5000cm2/gである半水石膏を用い、一定の条件とし、高分子凝集剤に、それぞれ粒度分布の異なる粉末状のものを用いた。具体的には、その95%以上の粒子径が表3中に示した値以下であるものをそれぞれ用いた。得られた結果を表3中に示した。
これまでの実施例で処理した含水比40%の瓦礫に替えて、東日本大震災で発生した巨大津波に起因した多量の土砂が付着した、含水比が30%と、実施例1の場合よりも低い実際の瓦礫を1m3ずつ用いて、下記のようにして処理して、瓦礫と土砂との分離処理試験を行った。各瓦礫処理材の構成成分である半水石膏と高分子凝集剤の配合割合を表4に示したようにし、さらに、処理に用いた瓦礫処理材の使用量を半水石膏の量が30kgとなるようにし、使用量を少なくした以外は、実施例1で行ったと同様の処理試験を行い、同様の方法で評価した。ただし、各瓦礫処理材は、石膏粉末と高分子凝集剤を配合後、保存して1ヶ月経過したものを使用した。具体的には、各瓦礫処理材の構成を、石膏粉末については、実施例1-5で用いたと同様のBSA比表面積が5000cm2/gである半水石膏を100部用い、高分子凝集剤については、実施例1で用いたと同様の、95%以上が粒子径150μm以下の粒度分布のものを用いた。得られた結果を表4中にまとめて示した。
実施例1で処理した含水比40%の瓦礫に替えて、東日本大震災で発生した巨大津波に起因しての多量の土砂が付着した、含水比が50%と高い実際の瓦礫を1m3ずつ用いて、下記のようにして処理して、瓦礫と土砂との分離処理試験を行った。各瓦礫処理材の構成成分である半水石膏と高分子凝集剤の配合割合を表5に示したようにした以外は、実施例1で行ったと同様にして処理試験を行い、同様の方法で評価した。ただし、試験に使用した各瓦礫処理材には、石膏粉末と高分子凝集剤を配合後1ヶ月経過したものを使用した。具体的には、瓦礫処理材の使用量を半水石膏の量が50kgとなるようにし、各瓦礫処理材の構成を、石膏粉末については、実施例1-5で用いたと同様のBSA比表面積が5000cm2/gである半水石膏を用い、高分子凝集剤については、実施例1で用いたと同様の、95%以上が粒子径150μm以下の粒度分布のものを用いた。得られた結果を表5中に示した。
実施例4で処理したと同様の、東日本大震災で発生した巨大津波に起因しての多量の土砂が付着した含水比30%の実際の瓦礫を1m3ずつ用いて、下記のようにして処理して、瓦礫と土砂との分離処理試験を行った。瓦礫に添加する半水石膏と高分子凝集剤の割合を表6(表4と同じ割合)に示したようにしたが、使用した各瓦礫処理材は、石膏粉末と高分子凝集剤を予め配合したものではなく、それぞれをセットとし、別々に添加し、その後に混練処理を行った。その際、瓦礫1m3に対して、半水石膏を30kgと所定量の高分子凝集剤とを混練後、処理試験を行い、同様の方法で評価した。具体的には、石膏粉末については、実施例1-5で用いたと同様のBSA比表面積が5000cm2/gである半水石膏を用い、高分子凝集剤については、実施例1で用いたと同様の、95%以上が粒子径150μm以下の粒度分布のものを用いた。得られた結果を表6中に示した。
実施例4で処理したと同様の、東日本大震災で発生した巨大津波に起因しての多量の土砂が付着した含水比30%の実際の瓦礫を1m3ずつ用いて、瓦礫と土砂との分離処理試験を行った。その際に用いた高分子凝集剤は、いずれも主成分が、アクリルアミド・アクリル酸ソーダの共重合体であるアニオン系のものであるが、その化学構造がそれぞれに異なるものを使用し、化学構造の違いによる処理の優位性の違いを調べた。具体的には、分岐のない直鎖状の高分子凝集剤、分岐を有する鎖状の高分子凝集剤、網状の高分子凝集剤をそれぞれ用いたこと以外は、実施例4-4と同様にして処理した。具体的には、上記した瓦礫に添加する半水石膏の量を100部とし、各高分子凝集剤の配合量をいずれも5部にした。表7に、得られた結果を示した。表7に示した通り、分岐を有してもよい鎖状構造の高分子凝集剤を用いることによる瓦礫処理の優位性、特に、分岐鎖のない直鎖状の高分子凝集剤を用いることによる瓦礫処理の優位性を確認した。
実施例4で処理したと同様の、東日本大震災で発生した巨大津波に起因しての多量の土砂が付着した含水比30%の実際の瓦礫を1m3ずつ用いて瓦礫と土砂との分離処理試験を行った。その際に用いた高分子凝集剤には、イオン性の異なる下記の3種のものをそれぞれに用いた。具体的には、アニオン系の高分子凝集剤として、他の実施例に用いたアクリルアミド・アクリル酸ソーダの共重合体を用い、ノニオン系の高分子凝集剤としてポリアクリルアミドを用い、カチオン系の高分子凝集剤としてアクリルアミド・ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート塩化メチル4級塩の共重合体を用い、高分子凝集剤のイオン性の違いによる優位性を調べた。処理には、いずれも網状構造を有さない化学構造の高分子凝集剤を用いた。このこと以外は、実施例4-4と同様にして処理した。具体的には、上記した瓦礫に添加する半水石膏の量を100部とし、各高分子凝集剤の配合量をいずれも5部にした。表8に、得られた結果を示した。表8に示した通り、カチオン性のものに比較して、アニオン性或いはノニオン性の高分子凝集剤を用いることで瓦礫処理の優位性が得られること、特に、アニオン性の高分子凝集剤を用いることによる瓦礫処理の優位性が確認できた。
Claims (17)
- 土砂が付着した瓦礫から土砂を分離するための瓦礫処理用組成物であって、
少なくとも、石膏100質量部に対して高分子凝集剤を0.1~10質量部含み、前記石膏のBSA比表面積が15000cm2/g以下であり、かつ、前記高分子凝集剤は、その95%以上が粒子径200μm以下の粉末状であることを特徴とする瓦礫処理用組成物。 - 前記石膏は、そのBSA比表面積が10000cm2/g以下のものである請求項1に記載の瓦礫処理用組成物。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、その95%以上が粒子径150μm以下の粉末状である請求項1又は2に記載の瓦礫処理用組成物。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、その90%以上が粒子径10μm以上の粉末状である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理用組成物。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、アニオン系又はノニオン系の高分子凝集剤である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理用組成物。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、分岐を有してもよい鎖状構造の合成高分子化合物である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理用組成物。
- 前記石膏が、半水石膏又はIII型無水石膏であり、かつ、その95%以上が粒子径700μm以下のものである請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理用組成物。
- 土砂が付着した瓦礫から土砂を分離するための瓦礫処理方法であって、
前記土砂が付着した瓦礫に石膏と高分子凝集剤とを、それぞれに添加するか、或いは、これらを予め混合した状態で添加して、これらを混練する処理工程と、
該処理工程で得られた混練物から、瓦礫と該瓦礫に付着した土砂とを分離する分離工程とを有し、
前記処理工程で、前記瓦礫1m3に対し、石膏10~100kgと、高分子凝集剤0.01~10kgとを添加することを特徴とする瓦礫処理方法。 - 前記石膏は、その95%以上が粒子径700μm以下のものである請求項8に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 前記石膏は、そのBSA比表面積が15000cm2/g以下のものであり、かつ、前記高分子凝集剤は、その95%以上が粒子径200μm以下の粉末状である請求項8又は9に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 前記石膏は、そのBSA比表面積が10000cm2/g以下のものである請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、その95%以上が粒子径150μm以下の粉末状である請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、その90%以上が粒子径10μm以上の粉末状である請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、アニオン性或いはノニオン性の高分子凝集剤である請求項8~13のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 前記高分子凝集剤は、分岐を有してもよい鎖状構造の合成高分子化合物である請求項8~14のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 前記石膏は、半水石膏又はIII型無水石膏である請求項8~15のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
- 土砂が付着した瓦礫が、海水に起因する高い膠着性を有する土砂が付着した瓦礫である請求項8~16のいずれか1項に記載の瓦礫処理方法。
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CN111515235A (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-11 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 一种复合污染土壤化学淋洗-热脱附的修复系统及修复方法 |
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CA2868518C (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2018-11-27 | Masato Yamaguchi | Insolubilizing agent for specific toxic substances, method for insolubilizing specific toxic substances using same, and soil improving method |
JP6284978B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-22 | 2018-02-28 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | かさ密度調整材及びかさ密度調整方法 |
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JPH07136613A (ja) | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-30 | Tokyo Kankyo Service Kk | 建設発生土の改良方法 |
JPH0975772A (ja) | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-25 | Arai Gumi Ltd | 瓦礫の分別方法とその装置 |
JP2006281080A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | 汚染土壌の処理方法 |
JP2010208870A (ja) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-24 | Yoshino Gypsum Co Ltd | 硫化水素発生を抑制できる石膏組成物及び石膏系建材 |
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CN111515235A (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-11 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 一种复合污染土壤化学淋洗-热脱附的修复系统及修复方法 |
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CA2913625C (en) | 2017-11-21 |
JP6376944B2 (ja) | 2018-08-22 |
TW201512097A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
EP3006121A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
EP3006121B1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
JP2015042405A (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
JP2015037790A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
CN105307788A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
EP3006121A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
HK1214562A1 (zh) | 2016-07-29 |
KR20160003227A (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
JP5686426B1 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
KR101820586B1 (ko) | 2018-01-19 |
US20160082488A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
CA2913625A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
JP6376943B2 (ja) | 2018-08-22 |
JPWO2014192366A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
TWI624433B (zh) | 2018-05-21 |
CN105307788B (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
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