WO2014187112A1 - 视频图像的降帧方法和系统 - Google Patents

视频图像的降帧方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014187112A1
WO2014187112A1 PCT/CN2013/089091 CN2013089091W WO2014187112A1 WO 2014187112 A1 WO2014187112 A1 WO 2014187112A1 CN 2013089091 W CN2013089091 W CN 2013089091W WO 2014187112 A1 WO2014187112 A1 WO 2014187112A1
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Prior art keywords
frame
preset
frame buffer
image
integer
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PCT/CN2013/089091
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English (en)
French (fr)
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罗虎
周小鹏
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广东威创视讯科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2014187112A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187112A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/01Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0127Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level by changing the field or frame frequency of the incoming video signal, e.g. frame rate converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/01Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0105Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level using a storage device with different write and read speed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of video image down-frame technology, and in particular, to a frame down method for video images and a frame down system for video images. Background technique
  • the resolution of video images is getting larger and larger, the frame rate is getting higher and higher, and the amount of data per unit time is getting larger and larger.
  • the image frame rate is lowered from high.
  • Common frame rates are: 30 frames/second, 25 frames/second, 50 frames/second, 56 frames/second, 60 frames/second, 70 frames/second, 72 frames/second, 75 frames/second, 85 frames/second. Wait.
  • the traditional scheme of reducing the image frame rate is mainly based on three-frame buffer.
  • P0 refers to a first frame in an image of 85 frames written
  • P1, P2, ... are second and third frames in sequence.
  • .... Bank refers to a storage unit that stores a complete image size of one frame.
  • the cache storage unit required to store at least three frames of complete images based on the three-frame buffer representation is similarly based on four, five, six, seven, eight frames... the cache representation is the same. significance.
  • three buffer units (Bank0, BankU Bank2) are set based on the three-frame buffer, and the first, second, and third frames are sequentially stored in BankO to Bank2, and then, according to the current image frame rate of 85 frames/second.
  • the write data frame speed, P3, P4, P5 are successively written into BankO
  • P6, P7, P8 are successively written into Bank1, and so on.
  • P5 will cover P3 and P4, and image frame coverage will appear.
  • P8 covers P6 and P7
  • P54 covers P52 and P53.
  • Figure 2 shows the process of reading a data frame based on the reduced frame rate scheme of the three-frame buffer.
  • the sequence of image frames read from the storage unit are ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 8, ⁇ 8 ⁇ 51, P51, P54 ⁇ . It can be seen that the image frames P2 to P5, skipping P3, P4, will cause the moving image to appear frustrated.
  • the P8 and P51 are read twice from the storage unit, that is, the repeated data frames are read, which will cause the moving image to appear to be paused.
  • the above-mentioned frustration and pause are collectively referred to as "cartoon", that is, normal motion of the moving image. After a while, it will pause or frustrate, then continue to exercise, and so on.
  • the frame coverage phenomenon occurs when writing image data frame operations to the storage unit. Reading the image data frame from the storage unit will read the repeated frame, for the static image human eye. Feel the image The display is normal, but for moving images, the human eye feels that the image motion is severely stuck.
  • the present invention provides a frame down method and system for video images, which can effectively reduce the jamming phenomenon of moving images when the video image is subjected to frame down processing.
  • a method for down-frameing a video image includes the following steps:
  • the image in the frame buffer is read according to a preset frame loss rule.
  • a frame down system for video images comprising:
  • a setting module configured to set a plurality of frame buffer areas according to a preset number of frame buffer areas
  • a writing module configured to sequentially write each frame of the image into each of the frame buffers in sequence, and after writing to the last frame buffer, re-from the first frame Writing the image in the buffer area;
  • a reading module configured to read the image in the frame buffer according to a preset frame loss rule.
  • the frame dropping method and system for the video image described above according to a preset number of frame buffer areas, a plurality of frame buffer areas are set, and when data is written, each frame image is sequentially written to each of the frame buffer areas in order. Writing the image to the first frame buffer area after writing to the last frame buffer; since the input video image is sequentially written in the frame buffer area, When the data frame is written, the frame coverage problem does not occur, and when the image is lost according to the preset frame loss rule, the image is not repeatedly read to the same frame image, thereby significantly improving the video.
  • the phenomenon of image dropping frames DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process of writing a data frame based on a technique of reducing image frame rate based on three-frame buffer in the conventional art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a read data frame process based on a three-frame buffer based reduced image frame rate technique in the conventional art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing a frame of a video image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process of writing a frame image when the frame down processing is performed by the present invention in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process of reading a frame image when the frame down processing is performed by the present invention in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process of writing a frame image when the frame down processing is performed by the present invention in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process of reading a frame image when the frame down processing is performed by the present invention in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame down system of a video image according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic flowchart of a frame down data of a video image according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the following steps:
  • a plurality of buffers are correspondingly set according to the preset number of frame buffers in step S31.
  • the memory may be stored according to the storage capacity of the memory. Dividing into a plurality of storage spaces, the number of the storage spaces is equal to the number of the frame buffer areas; when the video image of the frame to be dropped is input, each input frame image is sequentially written to each of the described In the frame buffer area, after writing to the last frame buffer area, the image is rewritten from the first frame buffer area; the input video image of the frame to be dropped is written in the frame buffer area. At the same time as each frame of image is input, the frame down process is performed and the image is output.
  • the video image of the frame to be dropped is written after three frames of images are started. Reading, according to the preset frame dropping rule, skip accessing the frame buffer area, discarding part of the frame image, reading the image in the frame buffer area, and outputting.
  • the input frame rate of the input video image to be dropped is divided by the preset output frame rate to obtain a frame down ratio value, and the frame down ratio value is rounded up and a preset is added.
  • the number of the frame buffers is obtained. In this embodiment, the number of frame buffers needs to be set in a targeted manner.
  • Video image the frame rate of the read video image; the frame rate value difference before and after the frame down, that is, the ratio of the writing speed and the reading speed of the video image data when the video image is subjected to frame down processing;
  • the number of frame buffer areas is set by a difference in frame rate values before and after frame dropping; dividing the input frame rate by a preset output frame rate to obtain a frame down ratio value, and the frame down ratio value is After the rounding, the preset integer is added to obtain the number of frame buffers.
  • the step of subtracting the frame down ratio value and adding a preset integer to obtain the number of frame buffer areas is: if the frame down ratio is an integer, the frame down is performed. Adding the scale value to the preset integer to obtain the number of the frame buffer area; if the down frame ratio value is a decimal, adding the integer part of the down frame ratio value to the Presetting an integer to obtain the number of the frame buffer areas;
  • the preset is added.
  • the preset maximum input frame rate is divided by the preset minimum output frame rate to obtain a frame down ratio value, and the frame down ratio value is rounded up and a preset integer is added to obtain a
  • the preset number of frame buffers in this embodiment, the preset maximum input frame rate and the minimum input frame rate may be preset according to common frame rate values and actual requirements, and the preset maximum input frame rate is divided by The preset minimum output frame rate is obtained by using a frame down ratio value, and the frame down ratio value is rounded up and a preset integer is added to obtain the preset number of frame buffer areas;
  • the process may be specifically: if the frame down ratio is an integer, adding the frame down ratio value to the preset integer to obtain the number of the frame buffer area; if the frame down ratio is a decimal And adding the integer part of the down frame ratio value, and adding the preset integer to obtain the number of the frame buffer area; in this embodiment, by using a preset maximum input frame rate and The minimum output frame rate yields a fixed number of
  • each frame of image is sequentially written into each of the frame buffer areas, and after being written to the last frame buffer area, re-sending from the first frame buffer area
  • the image is written in the image; when the image is output, the image in the frame buffer is read according to a preset frame loss rule; specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the preset frame loss The rule may be: reading the current write according to a frame buffer currently written by the input video image The image stored in the previous frame buffer of the frame buffer;
  • the above processing realizes the frame dropping processing when the image is read. Since the input video image is sequentially written in the frame buffer area, the frame covering problem does not occur when the data frame is written, and the image is read according to the above. If the frame loss rule is used for frame loss processing, the case of repeatedly reading to the same frame image does not occur, thereby significantly improving the jamming phenomenon of the video image down frame.
  • the frame buffer area when each frame image of the input video image is written into the frame buffer area and the image stored in the frame buffer area is read, the frame buffer area may be addressed by addressing For example, when the memory is equally divided into a plurality of frame buffer areas, the first address of each frame buffer area is recorded, and when the read/write operation is performed, the corresponding frame buffer area is accessed according to the first address of each frame buffer area for data writing and Data reading.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of writing a frame image when the video image is reduced from 85 frames/second to 30 frames/second by using the present invention.
  • the frame buffer is from Bank (T Bank4, each frame of image is sequentially written to the frame buffer). Medium.
  • the video image frame down processing is performed.
  • the frame image with uniform spacing can be output, and the frustration phenomenon is significantly improved compared with the conventional frame dropping technique;
  • the system sets three buffer units (Bank0, Bank1, Bank2), and the first, second, and third frames sequentially store BankO to Bank2.
  • the current image frame rate 85 frames/sec write data frame rate
  • P3, P4, P5 are successively written into BankO
  • P6, P7, P8 are successively written into Bank1
  • each In the buffer unit three frames of images are sequentially written according to the writing frame rate, and then three frames of images are sequentially written in the next buffer unit;
  • the frame image is read, since the writing of the frame image takes a certain time, the conventional frame dropping is performed.
  • the data is read, the first three frames of the image are written in the three cache units. Row data is read, and both are set to read data from the third cache unit;
  • the currently written frame image will overwrite the frame image that has been written in the frame buffer area, that is, image frame coverage occurs; if the video image frame rate before frame dropping There is a big difference between the frame rate of the video image after the frame down, for example, from 85 frames/second to 15 frames/second. The difference of the frame rate is more than 5 times.
  • the video image is used. The writing speed of the data is much faster than the reading speed of the video image data, the frame image in the frame buffer area is quickly covered, and the reading speed of the video image data is relatively slow, and the frame image currently stored in the frame buffer area is read.
  • the frame buffer is overwritten, more frame images are overwritten, and too many frame images are discarded between each of the read frame images and the last read frame image, thus causing motion image rendering. a more serious sense of frustration;
  • the difference between the frame rate of the video image before the frame down and the frame rate of the frame after the frame down is small, for example, from 85 frames/second to 75 frames/second, when the frame is reduced by the three-frame buffer method, The writing speed of the video image data is not much different from the reading speed of the video image data.
  • the frame buffer is read again.
  • the frame image stored in the area, since the new one frame image is not completed, the two frames that are read are the same frame image, that is, the repeated data frames are read, thus causing the moving image to appear to be paused. sense;
  • the number of buffers is determined by the ratio of the input frame rate to the output frame rate, and when writing data, each will be
  • the frame images are sequentially written into each of the frame buffers in sequence, and after being written to the last frame buffer, the image is rewritten from the first frame buffer;
  • the difference of the frame rate values before and after the frame down that is, when the video image is subjected to the frame down processing, the ratio of the writing speed of the video image data and the reading speed, the number of the frame buffer areas is set in a targeted manner, so that the output can be output.
  • the evenly spaced frame image is significantly improved compared to the traditional frame dropping technique.
  • the specific schematic diagram can be as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the present invention further provides a frame down system for video images, as shown in FIG. 6, including:
  • the setting module 61 is configured to set a plurality of frame buffer areas according to the preset number of frame buffer areas;
  • a writing module 62 configured to sequentially write each frame of the image into each of the frame buffers in sequence, and after writing to the last frame buffer, re-shoring from the first Writing the image in a frame buffer area;
  • the reading module 63 is configured to read the image in the frame buffer according to a preset frame loss rule;
  • a plurality of buffers are correspondingly set in the setting module 61 according to the preset number of frame buffer areas, and specifically, according to the storage capacity of the memory,
  • the memory is divided into a plurality of storage spaces on average, and the number of the storage spaces is equal to the number of the frame buffer areas; when the video image to be dropped is input, each input image is sequentially written to each of the frames.
  • the frame buffer area after writing to the last frame buffer area, the image is written again from the first frame buffer area; the input video image of the frame to be dropped is in the frame buffer area.
  • the frame down process is performed and the image is outputted. Specifically, the video image of the frame to be dropped starts to be written after three frames of images are started, and the reading is started according to the preset frame loss rule. Part of the frame image, reading the image in the frame buffer.
  • the setting module 61 can be used to:
  • the input frame rate of the input video image to be dropped is divided by the preset output frame rate to obtain a frame down ratio value, and the frame down ratio value is rounded down and a preset integer is added to obtain the preset frame.
  • the number of the frame buffer area needs to be set in a targeted manner; specifically, the video image of the frame to be dropped is first obtained, and the frame rate of the video image is read;
  • the difference between the frame rate values before and after that is, the ratio of the writing speed and the reading speed of the video image data when the video image is subjected to the frame down processing; therefore, the difference in the frame rate value before and after the frame dropping in the present embodiment
  • Setting the number of the frame buffer area dividing the input frame rate by the preset output frame rate to obtain a frame down ratio value, and rounding the frame down ratio value to a preset integer to obtain a frame buffer area.
  • the setting module 61 may include:
  • a first adding module configured to add the down frame ratio value to the preset integer if the frame down ratio value is an integer, to obtain the frame buffer number
  • a second adding module configured to: if the down frame ratio value is a decimal, add the integer part of the down frame ratio value, and add the preset integer to obtain the frame buffer number.
  • the setting module 61 can be used to:
  • the maximum input frame rate and the minimum input frame rate may be preset according to a common frame rate value and an actual requirement, and the preset maximum input frame rate is divided by the preset minimum output frame rate to obtain a frame down frame.
  • the ratio value is obtained by adding a preset integer to the frame down ratio value to obtain the preset number of frame buffer areas; If the frame down ratio is an integer, the down frame ratio value is added to the preset integer to obtain the number of the frame buffer area; if the frame down ratio is a decimal number, After the integer part of the down frame ratio value is added, the preset integer is added to obtain the number of the frame buffer area; in this embodiment, the preset maximum input frame rate and the minimum output frame are adopted.
  • the rate can be obtained as a fixed number of frame buffers.
  • the preset frame dropping rule in the reading module 63 may be:
  • the input video image is written in the third frame buffer area, and when the image is read, the stored image is read from the second frame buffer area, and the frame loss processing during image reading is realized, due to the input.
  • the video image is sequentially written in the frame buffer area, so the frame coverage problem does not occur when the data frame is written, and the frame loss processing is performed when the image is read, and the repeated reading to the same frame image does not occur. , thereby significantly improving the jamming phenomenon of video image down-frame.
  • the method and system for reducing frame of a video image according to the present invention according to a preset number of frame buffer areas, a plurality of frame buffer areas are set, and when data is written, each frame image is sequentially written to each of the frame buffers in order.
  • the image is written again from the first frame buffer area; since the input video image is sequentially written in the frame buffer area, Therefore, the frame coverage problem does not occur when the data frame is written, and the image frame loss processing is performed according to the preset frame loss rule when the image is read, so that the repeated reading to the same frame image does not occur, thereby significantly improving.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种视频图像的降帧方法,包括如下步骤:根据预设的帧缓存区个数,设置多个帧缓存区;将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中,当写入至最后一个所述帧缓存区后,则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像;根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像。对应地本发明还提供一种视频图像的降帧系统,利用本发明对视频图像进行降帧处理时,能有效改善运动图像的卡顿现象。

Description

视频图像的降帧方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及视频图像降帧技术领域, 特别是涉及一种视频图像的降帧方法和一种视频 图像的降帧系统。 背景技术
视频图像的分辨率越来越大, 帧率越来越高, 单位时间数据量越来越大, 在进行图像 处理时, 常常需要对视频图像做降帧处理, 即将图像帧率从高降低。 常见的帧率有: 30帧 / 秒、 25帧 /秒、 50帧 /秒、 56帧 /秒、 60帧 /秒、 70帧 /秒、 72帧 /秒、 75帧 /秒、 85帧 /秒 等。 传统的降低图像帧率的方案主要是基于三帧缓存实现的。 下面以将图像帧率从 85降低 为 30举例说明。 图 1为基于三帧缓存的降低图像帧率技术的写数据帧过程, 该图中所述 P0 是指写入的 85帧图像中的第一帧, Pl、 P2…依次为第二、 三帧…。 Bank是指具有存储一帧 完整图像大小的存储单元, 基于三帧缓存表示需要的缓存存储单元至少可以存储三帧完整 图像, 同理基于四、 五、 六、 七、 八帧…缓存表示相同的意义。
从图中可以看出, 基于三帧缓存设置三个缓存单元 (Bank0、 BankU Bank2 ), 第一、 二、 三帧图像依次存储 BankO至 Bank2中, 接下来, 根据当前图像帧率 85帧 /秒的写数据 帧速度, P3、 P4、 P5相继写入到 BankO中, P6、 P7、 P8相继写入到 Bankl中, 以此类推。 那么 P5将会覆盖 P3、 P4, 出现了图像帧覆盖, 同理 P8覆盖 P6、 P7, P54覆盖 P52、 P53。
图 2 为基于三帧缓存的降低图像帧率方案的读数据帧过程。 则会出现如下情况: 从存 储单元中读取出来的图像帧序列为 Ρ1、 Ρ2、 Ρ5、 Ρ8、 Ρ8···Ρ51、 P51、 P54〜。 可以看出图像 帧 P2到 P5, 跳过了 P3、 P4, 这样会造成运动图像呈现顿挫感。 从存储单元中读取了两次 P8 和两次 P51, 即读取了重复的数据帧, 这样会造成运动图像呈现停顿感, 上述顿挫感和 停顿感统称 "卡顿", 即运动图像正常运动一会, 会停顿或顿挫一下, 然后继续运动, 如此 循环。
综上: 基于三帧缓存的降低图像帧率方案, 往存储单元中写图像数据帧操作会出现帧 覆盖的现象, 从存储单元中读取图像数据帧会读取重复帧, 对于静态图像人眼感觉图像显 示正常, 但对于运动图像人眼感觉图像运动卡顿严重。 发明内容
基于此, 本发明提供一种视频图像的降帧方法和系统, 利用本发明对视频图像进行降 帧处理时, 能有效降低运动图像的卡顿现象。
一种视频图像的降帧方法, 包括如下步骤:
根据预设的帧缓存区个数, 设置多个帧缓存区;
将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一个所 述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像;
根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像。
一种视频图像的降帧系统, 包括:
设置模块, 用于根据预设的帧缓存区个数, 设置多个帧缓存区;
写入模块, 用于将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写 入至最后一个所述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像;
读取模块, 用于根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像。
上述视频图像的降帧方法和系统,根据预设的帧缓存区个数设置多个帧缓存区,在写入 数据时, 将每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一个所述 帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像; 由于输入的视频图像是在帧 缓存区依次循环写入的, 因此写入数据帧时不会出现帧覆盖问题, 而在读取图像时进行根 据预设的丢帧规则进行图像丢帧处理, 则不会出现重复读取到同一帧图像的情况, 从而显 著改善视频图像降帧的卡顿现象。 附图说明
图 1为传统技术中基于三帧缓存的降低图像帧率技术的写数据帧过程示意图。
图 2为传统技术中基于三帧缓存的降低图像帧率技术的读数据帧过程示意图。
图 3为本发明视频图像的降帧方法在一实施例中的流程示意图。
图 4为图 3中利用本发明进行降帧处理时帧图像的写入过程示意图。 图 5为图 3中利用本发明进行降帧处理时帧图像的读取过程示意图。
图 6为本发明视频图像的降帧系统在一实施例中的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细说明, 但本发明的实施方式不限于此。 如图 3所示,是本发明一种视频图像的降帧数据在一实施例中的流程示意图,包括如下 步骤:
531、 根据预设的帧缓存区个数, 设置多个帧缓存区;
532、将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一 个所述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像;
533、 根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像;
在本实施例中, 考虑到降帧前后存在帧率值差异, 在步骤 S31中根据预设的帧缓存区 个数对应地设置多个缓冲区, 具体地, 可根据存储器的存储容量, 将存储器平均分成多个 存储空间, 所述存储空间的个数等于所述帧缓存区的个数; 待降帧的视频图像输入时, 将 输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一个所述帧缓 存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像; 输入的待降帧的视频图像往帧缓 存区中写入每一帧图像的同时, 会进行降帧处理并输出图像, 实际应用时, 由于图像数据 的写入需要一定时间, 具体可在所述待降帧的视频图像写入三帧图像后再开始读取, 根据 预设的丢帧规则, 跳跃访问帧缓存区, 丢弃部分帧图像, 读取所述帧缓存区中的图像并输 出。
在一较佳实施例中, 可将输入的待降帧的视频图像的输入帧率除以预设的输出帧率得 到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数; 在本实施例中, 考虑到降帧前后存在帧率值差异, 需针对性地设置帧缓存区的个数; 具体是先获取待降帧的视频图像, 读取视频图像的帧率; 降帧前后的帧率值差异, 也即是 对视频图像进行降帧处理时, 视频图像数据的写入速度和读取速度两者的比值; 因此在本 实施例中通过降帧前后的帧率值差异来设置帧缓存区的个数; 将所述输入帧率除以预设的 输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到帧缓存区个数。 假设降帧前帧率为 Nl, 降帧后帧率为 N2, 则输入到存储单元的视频图像帧率为 Nl, 从 存储单元输出的视频图像帧率为 N2, 计算降帧前后帧率的比值, 降帧比例=输入帧率: 输出 帧率 = [N1/N2];
在本实施例中, 所述将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到帧缓存区个数的步 骤为: 若所述降帧比例值为整数, 则将所述降帧比例值加上所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓 存区个数; 若所述降帧比例值为小数, 则将所述降帧比例值的整数部分加上一后, 再加上 所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓存区个数;
上述降帧比例 =输入帧率: 输出帧率= [N1/N2]中, [ ]表示取整操作, 当降帧比例值为 小数时, 取整后的数为整数部分加上 1, 例如 [3. 1] =3+1=4; 当降帧比例值为整数时, 取整 后的数为整数部分, 例如 [3] =3); 对降帧比例值取整后, 加上预设整数值 M, 得到帧缓存区 个数, 帧缓存区个数 η= [Ν1/Ν2] +Μ; 其中预设整数值 M优选为大于或等于 2的整数。 例如, 将源图像帧率从 85 降低为 30, 则降帧比例为输入帧率除以输出帧率, 即
[85/30] = [2. 8333] =2+1=3, 根据预设整数值 M, 则最终的降帧比例值为 n=3+M, 得到针对此 次降帧过程的帧缓存区个数。
在一较佳实施例中, 可将预设的最大输入帧率除以预设的最小输出帧率得到降帧比例 值, 将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数; 在本实施例 中, 可根据常见的帧率值及实际的需求, 预设最大输入帧率和最小输入帧率, 将预设的最 大输入帧率除以预设的最小输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设 整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数; 将所述降帧比例值取整的过程具体可为: 若所述降 帧比例值为整数, 则将所述降帧比例值加上所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓存区个数; 若所 述降帧比例值为小数, 则将所述降帧比例值的整数部分加上一后, 再加上所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓存区个数; 在本实施例中, 通过预设的最大输入帧率和最小输出帧率可获得 固定的帧缓存区个数。
在写入数据时, 将每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最 后一个所述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像; 输出图像时, 可 根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像; 具体地, 在一较佳实施例中, 所述 预设的丢帧规则可为: 根据所述输入的视频图像当前写入的帧缓存区, 读取所述当前写入 的帧缓存区的上一个帧缓存区中储存的所述图像;
比如若设置有 5个帧缓存区, 对其进行排序, 依次为 Bank(TBank4, 若当前输入的视 频图像写入的是第 3 个帧缓存区 (Bank2), 则读取图像时, 可判断到当前写入图像的第 3 个缓存区的前一个写入图像的帧缓存区为第 2个帧缓存区 (Bankl ), 访问 Bankl 中读取其 存储的图像; 若当前写入的帧缓存区是第 1个 (BankO ), 则可判断第 1个帧缓存区的前一 个写入图像的帧缓存区为第 5个帧缓存区 (Bank4), 访问 Bank4中读取其存储的图像; 以 此类推;
上述处理实现了图像读取时的丢帧处理, 由于输入的视频图像是在帧缓存区依次循环 写入的, 因此写入数据帧时不会出现帧覆盖问题, 而在读取图像时根据上述丢帧规则进行 丢帧处理, 则不会出现重复读取到同一帧图像的情况, 从而显著改善视频图像降帧的卡顿 现象。
其中对于帧缓存区的访问, 即将输入的视频图像的每一帧图像写入帧缓存区以及读取 帧缓存区中储存的所述图像时, 可通过对帧缓存区进行寻址的方式来实现; 比如在将存储 器平均分为多个帧缓存区时, 记录每个帧缓存区的首地址, 在进行读写操作时根据各个帧 缓存区的首地址访问对应的帧缓存区进行数据写入和数据读取。
如图 4所示, 是利用本发明进行视频图像从 85帧 /秒降低到 30帧 /秒时, 帧图像的写 入示意图, 在本实施例中, 预设整数值 M为 2, 降帧比例值为 n= [85/30] +2=5, 因此设置 5 个帧缓存区, 从图 4可看到, 帧缓存区从 Bank(T Bank4, 每一帧图像按顺序依次写入帧缓 存区中。
根据本实施例进行视频图像降帧处理, 如图 5所示, 能输出间隔均匀的帧图像, 相对 传统的降帧技术, 其顿挫感现象明显改善;
从图 4和图 1的对比可看到, 图 1利用三帧缓存进行降帧时, 系统设置三个缓存单元 (Bank0、 Bankl、 Bank2 ), 第一、 二、 三帧图像依次存储 BankO至 Bank2中, 接下来, 根 据当前图像帧率 85帧 /秒的写数据帧速度, P3、 P4、 P5相继写入到 BankO中, P6、 P7、 P8 相继写入到 Bankl中, 以此类推, 每一个缓存单元中, 按照写帧速度依次写入三帧图像后, 再在下一个缓存单元中依次写入三帧图像; 读取帧图像时, 由于帧图像的写入需要一定时 间, 因此传统的降帧方法在读取数据时, 会在三个缓存单元都写入头三帧图像后再开始进 行数据读取, 并且都设置为从第三个缓存单元开始读数据;
因此输入的视频图像数据写入至帧缓存区时, 当前写入的帧图像会覆盖掉该帧缓存区 已写入的帧图像, 即出现了图像帧覆盖现象; 若降帧前视频图像帧率与降帧后视频图像的 帧率存在较大差异, 比如从 85帧 /秒降低到 15帧 /秒, 帧率的差异足有 5倍以上, 当采用 三帧缓存方法进行降帧时, 视频图像数据的写入速度远大于视频图像数据的读取速度, 帧 缓存区中帧图像被快速地覆盖, 而视频图像数据的读取速度相对较慢, 读取到帧缓存区中 当前存储的帧图像时, 该帧缓存区中已被覆盖掉较多的帧图像, 每一次读取到的帧图像与 上一次读取到的帧图像之间被丢弃的帧图像太多, 因此会造成运动图像呈现出较严重的顿 挫感;
同理, 若降帧前视频图像帧率与降帧后视频图像的帧率之间差异较小, 比如从 85 帧 / 秒降低到 75 帧 /秒, 当采用三帧缓存方法进行降帧时, 视频图像数据的写入速度与视频图 像数据的读取速度差异不大, 在进行降帧处理, 输出视频图像数据时, 读取帧缓存区里当 前存储一帧图像后, 再次读取该帧缓存区里存储的帧图像, 由于新的一帧图像未完成写入 操作, 就会出现两次读取的都是同一帧图像, 即读取了重复的数据帧, 因此会造成运动图 像呈现出停顿感;
而本实施例中, 通过根据降帧前后帧率值的差异设置不同的帧缓存区, 缓冲区的个数 通过输入帧率和输出帧率的比值来确定, 在写入数据时, 将每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至 每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一个所述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存 区中写入所述图像; 本实施例根据降帧前后的帧率值差异, 即对视频图像进行降帧处理时, 视频图像数据的写入速度和读取速度两者的比值, 针对性地设置帧缓存区个数, 因此能输 出间隔均匀的帧图像, 相对传统的降帧技术, 其顿挫感现象明显改善, 具体的示意图可如 图 5所示。
对应地, 本发明还提供一种视频图像的降帧系统, 如图 6所示, 包括:
设置模块 61, 用于根据预设的帧缓存区个数, 设置多个帧缓存区;
写入模块 62, 用于将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当 写入至最后一个所述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像;
读取模块 63, 用于根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像; 在本实施例中, 考虑到降帧前后存在帧率值差异, 在设置模块 61中根据预设的帧缓存 区个数对应地设置多个缓冲区, 具体地, 可根据存储器的存储容量, 将存储器平均分成多 个存储空间, 所述存储空间的个数等于所述帧缓存区的个数; 待降帧的视频图像输入时, 将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一个所述帧 缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像; 输入的待降帧的视频图像往帧 缓存区中写入每一帧图像的同时, 会进行降帧处理并输出图像, 具体可在所述待降帧的视 频图像开始写入三帧图像后再开始读取, 根据预设的丢帧规则, 丢弃部分帧图像, 读取所 述帧缓存区中的图像。
在一较佳实施例中, 所述设置模块 61可用于:
将输入的待降帧的视频图像的输入帧率除以预设的输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述 降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数;
在本实施例中, 考虑到降帧前后存在帧率值差异, 需针对性地设置帧缓存区的个数; 具体是先获取待降帧的视频图像, 读取视频图像的帧率; 降帧前后的帧率值差异, 也即是 对视频图像进行降帧处理时, 视频图像数据的写入速度和读取速度两者的比值; 因此在本 实施例中通过降帧前后的帧率值差异来设置帧缓存区的个数; 将所述输入帧率除以预设的 输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到帧缓存区个数; 在本实施例中, 所述设置模块 61可包括:
第一加法模块, 用于若所述降帧比例值为整数, 则将所述降帧比例值加上所述预设整 数, 得到所述帧缓存个数;
第二加法模块, 用于若所述降帧比例值为小数, 则将所述降帧比例值的整数部分加上 一后, 再加上所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓存个数。
在一较佳实施例中, 所述设置模块 61可用于:
将预设的最大输入帧率除以预设的最小输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值 取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数。
在本实施例中, 可根据常见的帧率值及实际的需求, 预设最大输入帧率和最小输入帧 率, 将预设的最大输入帧率除以预设的最小输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值 取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数; 将所述降帧比例值取整的过程具体 可为: 若所述降帧比例值为整数, 则将所述降帧比例值加上所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓 存区个数; 若所述降帧比例值为小数, 则将所述降帧比例值的整数部分加上一后, 再加上 所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓存区个数; 在本实施例中, 通过预设的最大输入帧率和最小 输出帧率可获得固定的帧缓存区个数。
在一较佳实施例中, 所述读取模块 63中的所述预设的丢帧规则可为:
根据所述输入的视频图像当前写入的帧缓存区,读取所述当前写入的帧缓存区的上一个 帧缓存区中储存的所述图像; 比如若设置有 5个帧缓存区, 当前输入的视频图像写入的是 第 3个帧缓存区, 则读取图像时, 从第 2个帧缓存区中读取其存储的图像, 实现了图像读 取时的丢帧处理, 由于输入的视频图像是在帧缓存区依次循环写入的, 因此写入数据帧时 不会出现帧覆盖问题, 而在读取图像时进行丢帧处理, 则不会出现重复读取到同一帧图像 的情况, 从而显著改善视频图像降帧的卡顿现象。
本发明视频图像的降帧方法和系统, 根据预设的帧缓存区个数设置多个帧缓存区, 在 写入数据时, 将每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一个 所述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像; 由于输入的视频图像是 在帧缓存区依次循环写入的, 因此写入数据帧时不会出现帧覆盖问题, 而在读取图像时进 行根据预设的丢帧规则进行图像丢帧处理, 则不会出现重复读取到同一帧图像的情况, 从 而显著改善视频图像降帧的卡顿现象。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式, 其描述较为具体和详细, 但并不能 因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。 应当指出的是, 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下, 还可以做出若干变形和改进, 这些都属于本发明的保护范 围。 因此, 本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims

权利 要 求
1、 一种视频图像的降帧方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤:
根据预设的帧缓存区个数, 设置多个帧缓存区;
将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写入至最后一个所 述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像;
根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的视频图像的降帧方法, 其特征在于, 将输入的待降帧的视频 图像的输入帧率除以预设的输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设 整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的视频图像的降帧方法, 其特征在于, 将预设的最大输入帧率 除以预设的最小输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到 所述预设的帧缓存区个数。
4、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的视频图像的降帧方法, 其特征在于, 将所述降帧比例值 取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数的步骤为:
若所述降帧比例值为整数, 则将所述降帧比例值加上所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓存 区个数;
若所述降帧比例值为小数, 则将所述降帧比例值的整数部分加上一后, 再加上所述预 设整数, 得到所述帧缓存区个数。
5、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的视频图像的降帧方法, 其特征在于, 所述预设的丢帧规 则为:
根据所述输入的视频图像当前写入的帧缓存区, 读取所述当前写入的帧缓存区的上一 个帧缓存区中储存的所述图像。
6、根据权利要求 4所述的视频图像的降帧方法, 其特征在于, 所述设置多个帧缓存区 的步骤为: 根据存储器的存储容量, 将存储器平均分成多个存储空间, 所述存储空间的个 数等于所述帧缓存区的个数。
7、 一种视频图像的降帧系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
设置模块, 用于根据预设的帧缓存区个数, 设置多个帧缓存区; 写入模块, 用于将输入的每一帧图像按顺序依次写入至每一个所述帧缓存区中, 当写 入至最后一个所述帧缓存区后, 则重新从第一个所述帧缓存区中写入所述图像;
读取模块, 用于根据预设的丢帧规则读取所述帧缓存区中的所述图像。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的视频图像的降帧方法, 其特征在于, 所述设置模块用于: 将输入的待降帧的视频图像的输入帧率除以预设的输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述 降帧比例值取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数。
或者用于:
将预设的最大输入帧率除以预设的最小输出帧率得到降帧比例值, 将所述降帧比例值 取整后加上预设整数, 得到所述预设的帧缓存区个数。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的视频图像降帧的数据写入系统, 其特征在于, 所述设置模块 包括:
第一加法模块, 用于若所述降帧比例值为整数, 则将所述降帧比例值加上所述预设整 数, 得到所述帧缓存个数;
第二加法模块, 用于若所述降帧比例值为小数, 则将所述降帧比例值的整数部分加上 一后, 再加上所述预设整数, 得到所述帧缓存个数。
10、根据权利要求 8所述的视频图像的降帧系统, 其特征在于, 所述读取模块中的所述 预设的丢帧规则为:
根据所述输入的视频图像当前写入的帧缓存区, 读取所述当前写入的帧缓存区的上一 个帧缓存区中储存的所述图像。
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