WO2014181459A1 - バッテリ充電装置およびバッテリ充電制御方法 - Google Patents
バッテリ充電装置およびバッテリ充電制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014181459A1 WO2014181459A1 PCT/JP2013/063123 JP2013063123W WO2014181459A1 WO 2014181459 A1 WO2014181459 A1 WO 2014181459A1 JP 2013063123 W JP2013063123 W JP 2013063123W WO 2014181459 A1 WO2014181459 A1 WO 2014181459A1
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- voltage
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- thyristor
- switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
- H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
- H02J7/1484—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by commutation of the output windings of the generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery charging device and a battery charging control method.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the battery charging device 10 according to the related art.
- the battery charging device 10 includes a generator 11, a thyristor 12, and a DC control unit 13.
- the generator 11 is for generating the output voltage Vgen1 with reference to the ground potential.
- the anode of the thyristor 12 is connected to the output section of the generator 11, and the output terminal 14 of the battery charger 10 is connected to the cathode of the thyristor 12.
- the DC control unit 13 is for controlling the conduction state of the thyristor 12.
- the positive terminal of the battery B is connected to the output terminal 14 of the battery charger 10 and the negative electrode thereof is grounded.
- a lamp for example, is connected as a load LD to the battery B between the positive electrode of the battery B and the ground.
- the DC control unit 13 turns on the thyristor 12.
- a current corresponding to the output voltage Vgen of the generator 11 is supplied to the battery B through the thyristor 12.
- the battery B is charged, and the battery voltage Vbatt is restored to a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value.
- the feedback operation for maintaining the battery voltage Vbatt at a voltage equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold is performed.
- charging is intermittently performed in the process of the Ford back operation for maintaining the battery voltage Vbatt at a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value. That is, if the battery voltage Vbatt is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the battery B is not charged, and the battery B is charged only when the battery B is discharged and the battery voltage Vbatt falls below the predetermined threshold.
- the battery voltage Vbatt may vary greatly. That is, in this case, charging of the battery B is started from a state where the battery voltage Vbatt is in the vicinity of a predetermined threshold, and the current supplied from the generator 11 to the battery B at this time depends on the output voltage Vgen of the generator 11. Become bigger. For this reason, the battery B is rapidly charged, and the battery B is fully charged in a short time. Thereafter, when the battery B is discharged from the fully charged state and the battery voltage Vbatt reaches a predetermined threshold value, the rapid charging of the battery B is repeated. As a result, charging is intermittently performed near the fully charged state. Due to this intermittent charging, the battery voltage Vbatt varies between a voltage indicated by a predetermined threshold and a voltage in a fully charged state.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and suppresses fluctuations in battery voltage due to intermittent charging near the fully charged state, and fluctuations in battery voltage even when sudden load fluctuations occur. It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery charging device and a battery charging control method that can suppress the above.
- a generator that generates a first output and a second output that is lower than the first output, and a predetermined first threshold voltage that has a battery voltage lower than a target voltage of the battery.
- a first switch for supplying the first output to the battery when the voltage falls below, and a second switch for supplying the second output when the battery voltage falls below a predetermined second threshold voltage corresponding to the target voltage.
- a constant voltage circuit that sets the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage.
- the first threshold voltage lower than the target voltage of the battery is generated by generating the first output and the second output lower than the first output by the generator, and the constant voltage circuit. And setting a second threshold voltage corresponding to the target voltage of the battery, and when the battery voltage falls below the first threshold voltage, a first switch supplies the first output to the battery. And a battery charging control method including a step of supplying the second output to the battery by a second switch when the voltage of the battery falls below the second threshold voltage.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the battery charging apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the battery charging device 100 shown in the figure is for charging the battery B.
- the positive terminal of the battery B is connected to the output terminal 160 of the battery charging device 100, and the negative electrode of the battery B is grounded.
- a lamp for example, is connected as a load LD for the battery B between the positive electrode of the battery B and the ground.
- the configuration of the battery charging device 100 will be specifically described.
- the battery charger 100 includes a generator 110, a switch circuit 120, a constant voltage circuit 130, and an output terminal 160.
- the generator 110 generates an alternating high output voltage Vgen1 (first output) and an alternating low output voltage Vgen2 (second output) lower than the high output voltage Vgen1.
- the generator 110 includes a winding L having two nodes N111 and N112 that generate a high output voltage Vgen1 and a low output voltage Vgen2, respectively, with a predetermined fixed potential (eg, ground potential) as a reference. Yes.
- the node N111 is set to one end of the winding L, the other end of the winding L is grounded, and the node N112 is set to an intermediate portion of the winding L.
- the amplitude of the high output voltage Vgen1 is proportional to the number of turns from the node N111 provided at one end of the winding L to the node N113 provided at the other end of the winding L
- the amplitude of the low output voltage Vgen2 is Is proportional to the number of turns from the node N111 provided at one end of the winding to the node N112 provided in the intermediate portion of the winding L.
- the low output voltage Vgen2 of the generator 110 is set so that a conduction current of a thyristor S2 (second switch), which will be described later, constituting the switch circuit 120 corresponds to the load current IL of the battery B.
- the generator 110 is configured so that the conduction current of a thyristor S2 described later is substantially the same as the load current IL of the battery B.
- the low output voltage Vgen2 is set, and the number of turns from the node N112 in the middle of the winding L to the node N113 at the other end is set so that such a low output voltage Vgen2 is obtained.
- the number of turns from the node N111 at one end of the winding L to the node N113 at the other end provides a high output voltage Vgen1 that can supply a sufficient charging current to the battery B against a sudden change in the load LD.
- the high output voltage Vgen1 and the low output voltage Vgen2 of the generator 110 are set in advance based on the characteristics of the load LD related to the load current IL, for example.
- the method for setting the conduction current of a thyristor S2 to be described later to be substantially the same as the load current IL of the battery B is not limited to this example.
- the switch circuit 120 is for selecting the high output voltage Vgen1 and the low output voltage Vgen2 of the generator 110, and includes a thyristor S1 and a thyristor S2.
- the anode of the thyristor S 1 is connected to the node N 111 of the winding L of the generator 110, and its cathode is connected to the output terminal 160.
- a first constant voltage V131 which will be described later, is applied to the gate of the thyristor S1.
- the thyristor S1 has a predetermined first threshold voltage VTH1 at which the voltage Vbatt of the battery B (hereinafter referred to as “battery voltage Vbatt”) is lower than the target voltage of the battery B (battery voltage Vbatt in a fully charged state). Functions as a first switch for supplying the high output voltage Vgen1 to the battery B. Conversely, as will be described later, when the battery voltage Vbatt is lower than the first threshold voltage VTH1, the high output voltage Vgen1 is supplied to the battery B through the thyristor S1, and is applied to the gate of the thyristor S1.
- One constant voltage V131 is set.
- the first threshold voltage VTH1 indicates the lower limit value of the battery voltage Vbatt when the battery B is near the fully charged state. That is, when the battery voltage Vbatt is equal to or higher than the first threshold voltage VTH1, it can be said that the battery B is almost fully charged.
- the first threshold voltage VTH1 can be arbitrarily set according to the characteristics of the battery B or the load LD, for example, from the viewpoint of suppressing the above-described intermittent charging. For example, when the battery B is discharged, the value of the battery voltage Vbatt when starting the feedback operation for charging the battery B can be set as the first threshold voltage VTH1. Alternatively, for example, the lower limit value of the power supply voltage in the specification of the load LD can be set to the first threshold voltage VTH1. Such a first threshold voltage VTH1 can be arbitrarily set as long as the above-described feedback operation is possible.
- the anode of the thyristor S ⁇ b> 2 is connected to the node N ⁇ b> 112 set in the middle part of the winding L of the generator 110, and its cathode is connected to the output terminal 160.
- a second constant voltage V132 which will be described later, is applied to the gate of the thyristor S2. Accordingly, the thyristor S2 functions as a second switch for supplying the low output voltage Vgen2 to the battery B when the battery voltage Vbatt falls below a predetermined second threshold voltage VTH2 corresponding to the target voltage of the battery B.
- the constant voltage circuit 130 is for setting the first threshold voltage VTH1 and the second threshold voltage VTH2.
- the first threshold voltage VTH1 indicates the boundary value of the cathode voltage when the conduction state of the thyristor S1 transitions between the off state and the on state when the gate voltage of the thyristor S1 is constant.
- the first threshold voltage VTH2 indicates a boundary value of the cathode voltage when the conduction state of the thyristor S2 transitions between the off state and the on state when the gate voltage of the thyristor S2 is constant.
- the constant voltage circuit 130 generates a first constant voltage V131 for turning on the thyristor S1 when the battery voltage Vbatt falls below the first threshold voltage VTH1, and supplies the first constant voltage V131 to the gate of the thyristor S1.
- the constant voltage circuit 130 generates a second constant voltage V132 for turning on the thyristor S2 when the battery voltage Vbatt falls below the second threshold voltage VTH2, and supplies the second constant voltage V132 to the gate of the thyristor S2.
- the gate voltage with respect to the cathode voltage of the thyristor S1 (that is, the voltage obtained by subtracting the cathode voltage from the gate voltage of the thyristor S1) is referred to as “first control voltage V1”
- the gate voltage with respect to the cathode voltage of the thyristor S2 (that is, The voltage obtained by subtracting the cathode voltage from the gate voltage of the thyristor S2) is referred to as “second control voltage V2.”
- the first constant voltage V131 is applied to the gate of the thyristor S1
- the second constant voltage V132 is applied to the gate of the thyristor S2
- the cathode voltages of the thyristors S1 and S2 become the battery voltage Vbatt.
- V1 V131 ⁇ Vbatt (1)
- V2 V132 ⁇ Vbatt (2)
- Vbatt VTH1
- the first threshold voltage VTH1 corresponds to the cathode voltage of the thyristor S1 obtained by subtracting the gate-on voltage Von1 of the thyristor S1 from the first constant voltage V131 applied to the gate of the thyristor S1.
- VTH1 V131 ⁇ Von1 (3)
- VTH2 V132 ⁇ Von2 (4)
- the voltage of the battery B in the fully charged state (hereinafter referred to as “target voltage”) is 14.5 [V]
- the first threshold voltage VTH1 is 0.5 from the target voltage
- the second threshold voltage VTH2 is 14.5 [V] corresponding to the target voltage of the battery B
- each of the gate-on voltages Von1 and Von2 is 1.0 [V].
- each of the gate-on voltages Von1 and Von2 is referred to as a gate-on voltage Von.
- the first constant voltage V131 is 15.0 [V]
- the second constant voltage V132 is 15.5 [V].
- the drop voltage VFS of the thyristors S1 and S2 when the thyristors S1 and S2 are in the on state is set to 0.8 [V].
- the value of each voltage is not limited to this example, and is arbitrary as long as the above relational expressions are satisfied.
- the constant voltage circuit 130 is composed of a series circuit of a resistor R, a diode D, and a Zener diode Z.
- a high output voltage Vgen ⁇ b> 1 is applied from one end of the resistor R from the generator 110.
- the present invention is not limited to this example, and the low output voltage Vgen2 may be applied to one end of the resistor R in place of the high output voltage Vgen1 as long as the first constant voltage V131 and the second constant voltage V132 are obtained. . That is, either the high output voltage Vgen1 or the low output voltage Vgen2 of the generator 110 can be applied to one end of the resistor R as long as the first constant voltage V131 and the second constant voltage V132 are obtained.
- the constant voltage circuit 130 when the high output voltage Vgen1 is applied from the generator 110 to the series circuit of the resistor R, the diode D, and the Zener diode Z, the first voltage using the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode Z is used.
- a constant voltage V131 (15.0 [V]) is generated, and a forward voltage drop VF (for example, 0.5 [V]) of the diode D is used, and the voltage drop VF is lower than the first constant voltage V131.
- a high second constant voltage V132 (15.5 [V]) is generated.
- the other end of the resistor R is connected to the anode of a diode D.
- the cathode of the diode D is connected to the cathode of a Zener diode Z, and the anode of the Zener diode Z is connected to a predetermined fixed potential node (for example, ground).
- a connection point between the diode D and the Zener diode Z (that is, the cathode of the diode D and the cathode of the Zener diode Z) is connected to the gate of the thyristor S1.
- a connection point between the resistor R and the diode D (that is, the other end of the resistor R and the anode of the diode D) is connected to the gate of the thyristor S2.
- the thyristor S1 and the thyristor S2 are used as components of the switch circuit 120.
- a field effect transistor, an IGBT (Insulated-Gate Bipolar transistor), or the like can be used instead.
- the resistor R, the diode D, and the Zener diode Z are used as the components of the constant voltage circuit 120.
- the first threshold voltage V1 and the second threshold voltage V2 can be obtained.
- the configuration of the constant voltage circuit 120 is arbitrary.
- the battery charging apparatus 100 selectively selects either the high output voltage Vgen1 or the low output voltage Vgen2 of the generator 110 by switching the conduction state of the thyristors S1 and S2 according to the value of the battery voltage Vbatt. To the battery B to charge the battery B.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the switching operation of the thyristors S1 and S2 included in the battery charging device 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the battery voltage Vbatt [V], the first control voltage V1 [V], and the second control voltage are illustrated. It is a figure which shows the relationship with V2 [V].
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the charging operation of the battery charging apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, and is a diagram illustrating a relationship among the high output voltage Vgen1, the low output voltage Vgen2, the output current Iout, and the load current IL.
- Vgen1 the high output voltage
- Vgen2 the output current Iout
- load current IL load current IL
- a waveform W1 represents a waveform example of the high output voltage Vgen1 or the low output voltage Vgen2
- a waveform W2 represents a waveform example of the output current Iout of the battery charger 100
- a waveform W3 represents a load flowing through the load LD.
- An example of a waveform of current IL that is, discharge current of battery B is shown.
- the generator 110 when the generator 110 is rotated by the power of a vehicle on which the battery charging device 100 is mounted, the generator 110 has a high output voltage Vgen1 (first output) and a low output voltage Vgen2 (second output). Output).
- the high output voltage Vgen1 and the low output voltage Vgen2 are supplied to the battery B through the thyristor S1 or thyristor S2 whose conduction state is switched according to the value of the battery voltage Vbatt, as will be described below.
- the control voltage V1 indicating the gate voltage with respect to the cathode voltage of the thyristor S1 is in accordance with the value of the battery voltage Vbatt according to the above equation (1).
- the control voltage V1 (the gate-cathode voltage of the thyristor S1) is the gate trigger voltage of the thyristor S1, that is, the thyristor S1. Saturates at the gate-on voltage Von.
- the cathode voltage and the gate voltage of the thyristor S1 satisfy the on condition, and the thyristor S1 is turned on.
- the conduction current of the thyristor S1 based on the high output voltage Vgen1 of the generator 110 through the thyristor S1 becomes the output current Iout of the battery charging device 100, and this output current Iout is supplied to the battery B as the charging current Ic.
- a relatively large charging current Ic is supplied to the battery B in accordance with the high output voltage Vgen2. For this reason, it is possible to charge the battery B while suppressing the fluctuation of the battery voltage Vbatt even if the fluctuation of the load LD suddenly occurs.
- the control voltage V1 is limited to the forward drop voltage VFS (eg, 0.8 [V]) of the thyristor S1, as shown in the region where the battery voltage Vbatt is less than the first threshold voltage VTH1.
- VFS forward drop voltage
- the control voltage V2 falls below the gate-on voltage Von, and the thyristor S2 is forcibly turned off.
- the thyristor S2 and the thyristor S2 may be turned on.
- the gate voltage with respect to the cathode of the thyristor S1 is indicated.
- the control voltage V1 is less than the gate-on voltage Von. For this reason, the cathode voltage and the gate voltage of the thyristor S1 do not satisfy the ON condition, and the thyristor S1 is turned off.
- the control voltage V2 indicating the gate voltage with respect to the cathode voltage of the thyristor S2 is no longer limited to the forward voltage drop VFS of the thyristor S1, and the battery according to the above equation (2). It increases or decreases according to the value of the voltage Vbatt.
- the control voltage V2 (the gate-cathode voltage of the thyristor S2) is equal to that of the thyristor S2. It is saturated with the gate trigger voltage, that is, the gate-on voltage Von of the thyristor S2. For this reason, the cathode voltage and the gate voltage of the thyristor S2 satisfy the on condition, and the thyristor S2 is turned on.
- the conduction current of the thyristor S2 based on the low output voltage Vgen2 of the generator 110 becomes the output current Iout of the battery charging device 100, and this output current Iout is supplied to the battery B as the charging current Ic.
- the conduction current of the thyristor S2 based on the low output voltage Vgen2 is set to be smaller than the conduction current of the thyristor S1 based on the high output voltage Vgen1, and is substantially equal to the load current IL of the battery B.
- the conduction current of the thyristor S2 based on the low output voltage Vgen2 is substantially equal to the load current IL of the battery B, as shown in FIG. 3, the integrated value (average value) of the output current Iout is equal to the load current IL. It becomes almost equal. For this reason, the charging current Ic of the battery B becomes substantially equal to the discharging current (that is, the load current IL) of the battery B in each cycle of the low output voltage Vgen2 of the generator 110, and the charging of the battery B is performed in each cycle of the low output voltage Vgen2. Is implemented. Thereby, the battery B is not excessively charged, and the battery B is charged with each waveform of the low output voltage Vgen2 (the waveform of the positive phase component in each cycle), and intermittent charging is suppressed.
- intermittent charging near the fully charged state is suppressed, and fluctuations in the battery voltage Vbatt due to this intermittent charging can be suppressed.
- the burden of the battery B at the time of charge can be reduced.
- the peak value of the charging current of the battery B can be suppressed, and the life cycle of the battery B can be extended.
- the current based on the high output voltage Vgen1 of the generator 110 is supplied to the battery B through the thyristor S1, so the load LD is suddenly increased. Even when the load current IL suddenly increases, fluctuations in the battery voltage Vbatt can be suppressed.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a battery charging device 100a according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- the battery charging device 100a shown in the figure includes a generator 110a instead of the generator 110 in the configuration of the battery charging device 100 shown in FIG.
- the generator 110a includes a first winding L1 that generates a high output voltage Vgen1 (first output) and a second winding L2 that generates a low output voltage Vgen2 (second output).
- Other configurations are the same as those of the battery charger 100 of FIG.
- the first winding L1 for generating the high output voltage Vgen1 and the second winding L2 for generating the low output voltage Vgen2 are individually provided, the high output voltage Vgen1 and the low output voltage are provided.
- Vgen2 can be adjusted independently. Therefore, for example, it is possible to flexibly support charging of the battery B having various specifications.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the battery charging apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery charging device 200 is further provided with a load current detection circuit 140 and a current adjustment circuit 150 in the configuration of the battery charging device 100 of FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment described above.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the battery charger 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the load current detection circuit 140 is for detecting the load current IL flowing through the load LD, and this load current IL forms the discharge current of the battery B.
- the current adjustment circuit 150 controls the conduction current of the thyristor S2 so that the output current Iout of the battery charger 100, which is the charging current of the battery B, corresponds to the load current IL detected by the load current detection circuit 140. belongs to.
- the current adjustment circuit 150 controls the conduction current of the thyristor S2 so that the output current Iout is substantially equal to the load current IL.
- the current adjustment circuit 150 can be arranged at any position on the transmission path of the low output voltage Vgen1 as long as the conduction current of the thyristor S2 can be controlled.
- the battery B can be charged with each waveform of the low output voltage Vgen2. Therefore, as compared with the first embodiment, it is possible to stably suppress intermittent charging near the fully charged state and suppress fluctuations in the battery voltage Vbatt.
- the present invention is expressed as a battery charging device, but the present invention can also be expressed as a battery charging control method.
- the present invention generates a high output voltage Vgen1 (first output) and a low output voltage Vgen2 (second output) lower than the high output voltage Vgen1 by the generator 110, and a constant voltage.
- the circuit 130 sets a first threshold voltage VTH1 lower than the target voltage of the battery B and a second threshold voltage VTH2 corresponding to the target voltage of the battery B, and the battery voltage Vbatt of the battery B is
- the threshold voltage VTH1 falls below the threshold voltage VTH1
- the thyristor S1 first switch
- the battery voltage Vbatt of the battery B falls below the second threshold voltage VTH2
- the configuration is such that the low output voltage Vgen2 is directly extracted from the winding of the generator.
- the high output voltage The low output voltage Vgen2 may be generated by stepping down Vgen1.
- the generator generates the high output voltage Vgen1 and the low output voltage Vgen2, but the generator has a current corresponding to the high output voltage Vgen1.
- a current corresponding to the low output voltage Vgen2 may be generated. In this case, for example, the current corresponding to the low output voltage Vgen2 is set to a value smaller than the current corresponding to the high output voltage Vgen1.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
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- Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図6は、従来技術によるバッテリ充電装置10の構成例を示す回路図である。バッテリ充電装置10は、発電機11、サイリスタ12、DC制御部13を備える。ここで、発電機11は、グランド電位を基準とした出力電圧Vgen1を発生させるためのものである。発電機11の出力部にはサイリスタ12のアノードが接続され、サイリスタ12のカソードには、バッテリ充電装置10の出力端子14が接続されている。DC制御部13は、サイリスタ12の導通状態を制御するためのものである。バッテリ充電装置10の出力端子14には、バッテリBの正極が接続され、その負極は接地されている。また、バッテリBの正極とグランドとの間には、バッテリBに対する負荷LDとして、例えばランプが接続されている。
なお、本実施形態における構成要素は、適宜、既存の構成要素等との置き換えが可能であり、また、他の既存の構成要素との組合せを含む様々なバリエーションが可能である。したがって、本実施形態の記載をもって、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の内容を限定するものではない。
また、全図面にわたって、共通する符号は共通する要素を表している。
(構成の説明)
図1を参照して、本発明の第1実施形態によるバッテリ充電装置100の構成を説明する。図1は、本実施形態によるバッテリ充電装置100の構成例を示す回路図である。同図に示すバッテリ充電装置100は、バッテリBを充電するためのものであり、バッテリ充電装置100の出力端子160にはバッテリBの正極が接続され、バッテリBの負極は接地されている。また、バッテリBの正極とグランドとの間には、バッテリBに対する負荷LDとして、例えばランプが接続される。
バッテリ充電装置100は、発電機110、スイッチ回路120、定電圧回路130、出力端子160を備えている。発電機110は、交流の高出力電圧Vgen1(第1出力)と、高出力電圧Vgen1よりも低い交流の低出力電圧Vgen2(第2出力)とを発生させるものである。本実施形態では、発電機110は、所定の固定電位(例えばグランド電位)を基準として高出力電圧Vgen1および低出力電圧Vgen2をそれぞれ発生させる二つのノードN111およびノードN112を有する巻線Lを備えている。
なお、この例に限らず、後述のサイリスタS2の導通電流をバッテリBの負荷電流ILとほぼ同じに設定するための手法は任意である。
V2=V132-Vbatt …(2)
VTH2=V132-Von2 …(4)
また、本実施形態では、定電圧回路120の構成要素として、抵抗R、ダイオードD、ツェナーダイオードZを用いているが、第1閾値電圧V1および第2閾値電圧V2を得ることができることを限度に、定電圧回路120の構成は任意である。
次に、図2および図3を参照して、本実施形態によるバッテリ充電装置100の動作を説明する。
概略的には、バッテリ充電装置100は、バッテリ電圧Vbattの値に応じてサイリスタS1,S2の導通状態を切り替えることにより、発電機110の高出力電圧Vgen1および低出力電圧Vgen2の何れかを選択的にバッテリBに供給してバッテリBを充電する。
図3は、本実施形態によるバッテリ充電装置100の充電動作を説明するための図であり、高出力電圧Vgen1、低出力電圧Vgen2、出力電流Iout、負荷電流ILの関係を示す図である。図3において、波形W1は、高出力電圧Vgen1または低出力電圧Vgen2の波形例を表し、波形W2は、バッテリ充電装置100の出力電流Ioutの波形例を示し、波形W3は、負荷LDを流れる負荷電流IL(即ち、バッテリBの放電電流)の波形例を示す。
図2に示すように、サイリスタS1のカソード電圧に対するゲート電圧を示す制御電圧V1は、前述の式(1)に従って、バッテリ電圧Vbattの値に応じて増減するが、バッテリ電圧Vbattが第1閾値電圧VTH1(14.0[V])未満の場合、制御電圧V1(サイリスタS1のゲート-カソード間電圧)は、サイリスタS1のゲートトリガ電圧、即ちサイリスタS1のゲートオン電圧Vonで飽和する。この場合、サイリスタS1のカソード電圧およびゲート電圧はオン条件を満足し、サイリスタS1がオン状態となる。これにより、サイリスタS1を通じて発電機110の高出力電圧Vgen1に基づくサイリスタS1の導通電流がバッテリ充電装置100の出力電流Ioutとなり、この出力電流Ioutが充電電流IcとしてバッテリBに供給され、バッテリBが充電される。このとき、高出力電圧Vgen2に応じて比較的大きな充電電流IcがバッテリBに供給される。このため、急激な負荷LDの変動が発生しても、バッテリ電圧Vbattの変動を抑制しつつ、バッテリBを充電することが可能になる。
バッテリ電圧Vbattが第1閾値電圧VTH1(14.0[V])以上であれば、サイリスタS1のカソードに対するゲート電圧を示す制御電圧V1はゲートオン電圧Von未満となる。このため、サイリスタS1のカソード電圧およびゲート電圧はオン条件を満足せず、サイリスタS1がオフ状態となる。サイリスタS1がオフ状態になれば、サイリスタS2のカソード電圧に対するゲート電圧を示す制御電圧V2は、サイリスタS1の順方向の降下電圧VFSに制限されることがなくなり、前述の式(2)に従って、バッテリ電圧Vbattの値に応じて増減するようになる。
サイリスタS1およびサイリスタS2の各ゲート電圧とカソード電圧はオン条件を満たさない。このため、サイリスタS1およびサイリスタS2は共にオフ状態になる。従って、バッテリBの充電は行われない。
次に、図4を参照して、第1実施形態の変形例を説明する。
図4は、第1実施形態の変形例によるバッテリ充電装置100aの構成を示す回路図である。同図に示すバッテリ充電装置100aは、上述の図1に示すバッテリ充電装置100の構成において、発電機110に代えて発電機110aを備えている。発電機110aは、高出力電圧Vgen1(第1出力)を発生させる第1巻線L1と、低出力電圧Vgen2(第2出力)を発生させる第2巻線L2とを個別に備えている。その他の構成は、図1のバッテリ充電装置100と同様である。
次に、図5を参照して、本発明の第2実施形態を説明する。
図5は、本発明の第2実施形態によるバッテリ充電装置200の構成例を示す回路図である。同図に示すように、バッテリ充電装置200は、前述の第1実施形態による図1のバッテリ充電装置100の構成において、さらに、負荷電流検出回路140と、電流調整回路150とを備えている。その他の構成は、第1実施形態によるバッテリ充電装置100と同様である。
電流調整回路150は、バッテリBの充電電流となるバッテリ充電装置100の出力電流Ioutが、負荷電流検出回路140により検出された負荷電流ILと対応するように、サイリスタS2の導通電流を制御するためのものである。例えば、電流調整回路150は、出力電流Ioutが負荷電流ILとほぼ等しくなるように、サイリスタS2の導通電流を制御する。電流調整回路150は、サイリスタS2の導通電流を制御することができることを限度として、低出力電圧Vgen1の伝送経路上の任意の位置に配置し得る。
例えば、上述の第1実施形態および第2実施形態では、発電機の巻線から低出力電圧Vgen2を直接的に取り出す構成としたが、電力損失の発生が許容される場合には、高出力電圧Vgen1を降圧することにより低出力電圧Vgen2を発生させてもよい。
また、上述の第1実施形態および第2実施形態では、発電機が高出力電圧Vgen1および低出力電圧Vgen2の各電圧を発生させるものとしたが、発電機が高出力電圧Vgen1に対応した電流と、低出力電圧Vgen2に対応した電流とを発生させるものとしてもよい。この場合、例えば、低出力電圧Vgen2に対応した電流は、高出力電圧Vgen1に対応した電流よりも小さい値に設定される。
110,110a 発電機
120 スイッチ回路
130 定電圧回路
140 負荷電流検出回路
150 電流調整回路
160 出力端子
B バッテリ
D ダイオード
L,L1,L2 巻線
LD 負荷
R 抵抗
S1,S2 サイリスタ
Z ツェナーダイオード
Claims (7)
- 第1出力と前記第1出力よりも低い第2出力とを発生させる発電機と、
バッテリの電圧が前記バッテリの目標電圧よりも低い所定の第1閾値電圧を下回った場合に前記第1出力を前記バッテリに供給する第1スイッチと、
前記バッテリの電圧が前記目標電圧に対応する所定の第2閾値電圧を下回った場合に前記第2出力を前記バッテリに供給する第2スイッチと、
前記第1閾値電圧および前記第2閾値電圧を設定する定電圧回路と、
を備えたバッテリ充電装置。 - 前記第1スイッチおよび前記第2スイッチは、それぞれ、サイリスタから構成され、
前記定電圧回路は、前記バッテリの電圧が前記第1閾値電圧を下回った場合に前記第1スイッチをオンさせるための第1定電圧と、前記バッテリの電圧が前記第2閾値電圧を下回った場合に前記第2スイッチをオンさせるための第2定電圧とを発生させ、
前記第1定電圧は、前記第1スイッチを構成するサイリスタのゲートに印加され、前記第2定電圧は、前記第2スイッチを構成するサイリスタのゲートに印加された、請求項1に記載のバッテリ充電装置。 - 前記定電圧回路は、
前記発電機の前記第1出力および前記第2出力の何れかが一端に印加された抵抗と、
アノードが前記抵抗の他端に接続されたダイオードと、
カソードが前記ダイオードのカソードに接続され、アノードが所定の固定電位ノードに接続されたツェナーダイオードと、を備え、
前記第1スイッチを構成するサイリスタのゲートが、前記ダイオードと前記ツェナーダイオードとの間の接続点に接続され、前記第2スイッチを構成するサイリスタのゲートが、前記抵抗と前記ダイオードとの間の接続点に接続された、請求項2に記載のバッテリ充電装置。 - 前記第2出力は、前記第2スイッチの導通電流が前記バッテリの負荷電流と対応するように設定された、請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のバッテリ充電装置。
- 前記発電機は、前記第1出力および前記第2出力をそれぞれ発生させる二つのノードを有する巻線を備えた、請求項4に記載のバッテリ充電装置。
- 前記発電機は、前記第1出力を発生させる第1巻線と、前記第2出力を発生させる第2巻線とを備えた、請求項4に記載のバッテリ充電装置。
- 発電機により、第1出力と前記第1出力よりも低い第2出力とを発生させる段階と、
定電圧回路により、バッテリの目標電圧よりも低い第1閾値電圧と、前記バッテリの目標電圧に対応する第2閾値電圧とを設定する段階と、
前記バッテリの電圧が前記第1閾値電圧を下回った場合、第1スイッチにより前記第1出力を前記バッテリに供給する段階と、
前記バッテリの電圧が前記第2閾値電圧を下回った場合、第2スイッチにより前記第2出力を前記バッテリに供給する段階と、
を含むバッテリ充電制御方法。
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4941891B1 (ja) * | 1968-03-11 | 1974-11-12 | ||
JPS62132697U (ja) * | 1986-02-17 | 1987-08-21 | ||
JPS6439293A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1989-02-09 | Sawafuji Electric Co Ltd | Individually feedable generator |
JPH03265431A (ja) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-11-26 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | 蓄電池の充電回路 |
JPH05103431A (ja) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-04-23 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 二輪車用電源装置 |
JP2005057869A (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-03 | Inax Corp | 発電制御装置 |
JP2010273410A (ja) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-12-02 | Denso Corp | 発電制御装置 |
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- 2013-05-10 JP JP2014527989A patent/JP5780687B2/ja active Active
- 2013-05-10 WO PCT/JP2013/063123 patent/WO2014181459A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4941891B1 (ja) * | 1968-03-11 | 1974-11-12 | ||
JPS62132697U (ja) * | 1986-02-17 | 1987-08-21 | ||
JPS6439293A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1989-02-09 | Sawafuji Electric Co Ltd | Individually feedable generator |
JPH03265431A (ja) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-11-26 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | 蓄電池の充電回路 |
JPH05103431A (ja) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-04-23 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 二輪車用電源装置 |
JP2005057869A (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-03 | Inax Corp | 発電制御装置 |
JP2010273410A (ja) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-12-02 | Denso Corp | 発電制御装置 |
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