WO2014180268A1 - 超高电流密度电解或电积槽 - Google Patents
超高电流密度电解或电积槽 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014180268A1 WO2014180268A1 PCT/CN2014/076475 CN2014076475W WO2014180268A1 WO 2014180268 A1 WO2014180268 A1 WO 2014180268A1 CN 2014076475 W CN2014076475 W CN 2014076475W WO 2014180268 A1 WO2014180268 A1 WO 2014180268A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrolysis
- panel
- tank
- tank body
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metal electrolysis or electrowinning, and more particularly to an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electrowinning cell. Background technique
- Electrolytic refining is the main means of metal refining in the process of non-ferrous metal smelting. It is also a final step in the smelting of non-ferrous metals. The advancement of its technology and equipment directly affects the quality and productivity of metals.
- the electrolysis or electrowinning of copper, lead, rhodium and nickel is based on the principle of electrochemistry.
- the cathode and anode are placed in a bath containing a solution containing metal ions, and an electrochemical reaction occurs on the electrode after energization.
- the metal on the cathode is continuously deposited and deposited.
- the electrode potentials of various metal ions in the solution determine the order of their reaction on the cathode and the anode, the metal having a higher electrode potential is preferentially precipitated on the cathode, and the electrode potential of each metal is determined by the standard electrode potential and the metal. The concentration of ions is determined.
- the only way to increase production capacity while considering construction costs is to increase current density.
- concentration polarization is the main reason for the limitation of current density increase in copper, lead, rheology and nickel during electrolysis or electrowinning.
- Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101376990B discloses a copper electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of anode and cathode plates arranged vertically and parallel to each other, and an electrolyte inlet on the longitudinal side, and a method of operating the same.
- the electrolyte inlet comprises a closed inlet tank extending in a longitudinal wall of the tank to a region of the lower edge of the electrode, the inlet box being hangable on the end face of the tank and being connectable to the electrolyte source
- a device for fixedly arranging each cathode plate, and under the electrode height At least one hole is provided in a region extending at one third of the face and distributed in correspondence with the intermediate chamber of the electrode for directionally transporting the electrolyte.
- the above patent document discloses a method for strengthening the electrolysis cycle and a corresponding electrolysis device, which can change the electrolyte flow mode by the electrolyte liquid supply device to strengthen the circulation of the electrolyte, increase the migration speed of the metal ions, and reduce the concentration difference in the electrolysis production process. It can realize electrolysis with a current density of up to 540 ⁇ / ⁇ 12 .
- the electrolyte inlet tank of the device is hung on the wall of the electrolytic cell, the cathode or the anode is easily accessible to the inlet tank in actual production, thereby causing damage to the tank, and in severe cases, the corrosion of the inner wall of the electrolytic tank may be damaged.
- the layer causes leakage of the electrolytic cell, which is not conducive to smooth and safe operation of the production.
- the present invention provides an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulator which can ensure safe operation and is advantageous for production.
- the present invention provides an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulation tank, comprising a tank body, the tank body is provided with a liquid inlet, and the outside of the liquid inlet is provided with a flange;
- the side wall of the tank is provided with a panel, the panel forms a closed cavity with the sidewall of the tank body, the closed cavity communicates with the liquid inlet of the tank body, and the panel is provided with electrolyte spraying Device and plate limiting device;
- An anode plate and a cathode plate are placed in the tank;
- a liquid discharging device is disposed on the tank body.
- the side wall of the tank has a groove
- the panel is straight and forms a closed cavity with the groove of the side wall of the groove.
- a bolt is pre-embedded around the groove, and the panel is fixed to the side wall of the groove by a nut.
- the distance between the lower edge of the closed cavity and the higher end of the bottom of the trough is 150 mm to 500 mm.
- the electrolyte injection device has an angle of 0 to 30° with respect to the horizontal.
- the plate limiting device is three triangular type limiting block connected devices.
- the electrolyte spraying device and the plate limiting device are fixed to the panel by screws or sub-ports.
- the liquid discharge device is an overflow port disposed at an upper end of the two ends of the tank body.
- the tank body is integrally cast and molded as a corrosion-resistant material.
- the number of the panels is one, and the panel and the inner side wall of the tank body form a closed cavity.
- the electrolysis or electric accumulator comprises a tank body, the tank body is provided with a liquid inlet, and the outside of the liquid inlet is provided with a flange; a panel is disposed, the panel forms a closed cavity with the sidewall of the tank body, the closed cavity communicates with the liquid inlet of the tank body, and the panel is provided with an electrolyte spraying device and a plate limiting device An anode plate and a cathode plate are disposed in the tank body; and the liquid outlet device is disposed on the tank body.
- the external liquid supply system is connected to the tank through the flange, and the electrolyte is supplied thereto.
- the externally supplied electrolyte enters the closed cavity through the liquid inlet, and is evenly distributed along it, and is parallel to the plate through the electrolyte spraying device.
- the direction is ejected, and then the ejected electrolyte moves through the cavity between the plate and the side wall of the trough, the cavity between the plate and the bottom of the trough to both ends of the trough body, and finally returns from both ends of the trough body.
- Electrolyte circulation system In the present invention, the closed cavity formed by the panel, the inner side wall of the tank, and both forms a liquid supply means.
- the invention installs the liquid supply device on the side wall of the tank body, and utilizes the liquid supply mode of the bottom parallel to the electrode plate to ensure the electrolyte circulation requirement required for electrolysis or electrowinning production under ultra-high current density, and at the same time, the electrode plate
- the liquid supply device embedded in the side wall of the tank body is not touched, thereby ensuring the safety of the liquid supply device and ensuring smooth and safe operation of the production.
- the sidewall of the tank has a groove
- the panel is straight and forms a closed cavity with the groove of the sidewall of the groove, so that the sidewall of the groove has substantially no protruding portion, and the liquid supply device More secure.
- the groove of the invention is pre-embedded with bolts, and the panel is fixed on the side wall of the tank body by a nut.
- the split structure facilitates cleaning and equipment maintenance, and reduces production operation cost.
- the liquid discharging device of the present invention is an overflow port disposed at an upper end of the two ends of the tank body, so that the floating anode mud can be discharged in time, and the cathode plate short circuit caused by the floating anode particles caused by the long particles of the cathode plate is reduced. , to improve current efficiency and product quality.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view of an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 3 is a top view of an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a panel of an electrolysis or electric accumulator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of an electrolyte in an electrode plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- the present invention provides an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulation tank, comprising a tank body, the tank body is provided with a liquid inlet, and the outside of the liquid inlet is provided with a flange;
- the side wall of the tank is provided with a panel, the panel forms a closed cavity with the sidewall of the tank body, the closed cavity communicates with the liquid inlet of the tank body, and the panel is provided with electrolyte spraying Device and plate limiting device;
- An anode plate and a cathode plate are placed in the tank;
- a liquid discharging device is disposed on the tank body.
- the electrolysis or electric accumulation tank provided by the invention is an efficient, clean and environmentally-friendly advanced equipment, and can be applied to electrolysis or electrowinning of non-ferrous metals such as copper, lead, rhodium and nickel under ultra-high current density conditions.
- the invention integrates the supply, distribution and parallel injection unit of the electrolyte into the trough to form an electrolysis or electric accumulating whole, which is efficient and safe to operate, can not only obtain high quality cathode products, but also greatly reduce the investment of the electrorefining system. , effectively reduce production and operation costs.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulation tank provided by an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a top view of an ultra-high current density electrolysis or electric accumulation tank provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 1 is a trough body
- 2 is a liquid inlet
- 3 is a closed cavity
- 4 is a bolt
- 6 is a panel
- 9 is an overflow port
- 10 is a first liquid discharge port
- 11 is a second liquid discharge. mouth.
- 1 is a trough body, 9 is an overflow port, 10 is a first liquid discharge port, and 11 is a second liquid discharge port. 12 is a cathode plate and 13 is an anode plate.
- the inside of the tank body 1 is a place for electrolysis or electrowinning of a non-ferrous metal, which is composed of a side wall, an end wall and a bottom portion, and is preferably integrally molded by a corrosion-resistant material at a time.
- the corrosion-resistant material may be a resin mortar, preferably a resin quartz sand mortar, wherein the resin is preferably any one of a furan resin, a vinyl ester resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, and an epoxy resin,
- the tank body has better overall anti-corrosion performance, and the impermeability, leakage resistance and insulation performance are far superior to the traditional electrolysis tank, which is safe and environmentally friendly, and has a service life of 2.5 times that of the conventional electrolysis tank.
- the casting precision of the mold is high, and the error can be controlled at 5mm, which is convenient for installing the leveling and matching positioning system.
- the volume of the tank body and the like are not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the side wall of the tank body 1 is 70 mm to 80 mm, preferably 70 mm to 75 mm.
- the electrolytic cell groove provided by the embodiment of the invention has a thin wall, which can save a large amount of plant area and pipeline arrangement, and reduce assembly and the like.
- the inner side wall of the tank body 1 is provided with a panel 6, the panel 6 and the inner side wall of the tank body 1 form a closed cavity 3, and the panel 6 is provided with an electrolyte spraying device. That is, the inner side wall of the tank body 1, the face plate 6, and the closed cavity 3 between the two constitute a liquid supply means.
- the electrolyte is disposed in the closed cavity 3, and is distributed along the hooks thereof.
- the electrolyte is ejected through the electrolyte spraying device on the panel 6 in a direction parallel to the plate, and then the discharged electrolyte passes between the plates and the sidewall of the tank.
- the cavity between the cavity, the plate and the bottom of the tank moves toward both ends of the tank, and finally returns to the electrolyte circulation system from both ends of the tank.
- the invention installs the liquid supply device on the side wall of the tank body, and utilizes the liquid supply mode of the bottom parallel to the electrode plate to ensure the electrolyte circulation requirement required for electrolysis or electrowinning production under ultra-high current density, and at the same time, the electrode plate
- the liquid supply device embedded in the side wall of the tank body is not touched, thereby ensuring the safety of the liquid supply device.
- the tank body 1 is provided with a liquid inlet 2, and the closed cavity 3 communicates with the liquid inlet 2; the outside of the liquid inlet 2 is provided with a flange 5.
- the external liquid supply system is connected to the tank body 1 through the flange 5, and the electrolyte is supplied thereto, and the externally supplied electrolyte enters the closed cavity 3 through the liquid inlet port 2.
- the flange is a connecting part commonly used in the art, preferably a square flange.
- the liquid inlet can be specifically set according to factors such as the liquid supply device, and the electrolyte can be introduced.
- the panel may be disposed on one side of the tank or on the lower side of the inner side walls.
- the number of the panels 6 is one, and the inner side wall of the tank 1 forms a closed cavity, that is, Said
- the liquid device is embedded on the inner side wall of one side of the tank body, which is beneficial to improving equipment safety and reducing equipment production cost and production running cost.
- the panel is preferably disposed on the longitudinal inner side wall of the trough to provide sufficient liquid supply.
- the invention has no particular limitation on the case where the panel and the sidewall of the tank form a closed cavity, and the sidewall of the tank body is straight, and the panel is convex with respect to the inner sidewall to form a closed cavity;
- the utility model has a groove, the panel is straight and forms a closed cavity with the groove; and the side wall of the groove has a groove, and the panel is convex with respect to a straight portion of the inner wall to form a closed cavity.
- the sidewall of the tank has a groove
- the panel is straight and forms a closed cavity with the groove of the sidewall of the groove, so that the sidewall of the groove is substantially not convex.
- the liquid supply device is safer.
- the periphery of the closed cavity 3 is pre-embedded with bolts 4, and the panel 6 is fixed to the inner side wall of the trough body 1 by a nut so as to form an enclosure with the groove on the trough body 1.
- the split structure of the screw connection the panel can be easily removed to remove crystals and scales in the cavity and the passage, and the cleaning is convenient; at the same time, the split structure is compared. Simple, easy to maintain and replace, lower manufacturing and maintenance costs, which reduces production costs.
- the bottom of the tank body 1 is sloped with respect to the horizontal, the first liquid discharge port 10 is provided at the higher end of the bottom portion, and the second liquid discharge port 11 is provided at the other end for the mud discharge and the discharge.
- the liquid the invention is not particularly limited.
- the distance between the lower edge of the closed cavity 3 and the higher end of the bottom of the trough 1 is from 150 mm to 500 mm, preferably from 300 mm to 500 mm.
- the panel 6 is provided with an electrolyte spraying device and a plate limiting device.
- the material of the panel of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a panel made of engineering plastic, stainless steel, titanium alloy or carbon fiber can be used.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a panel of an electrolytic or electric accumulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6 is a panel
- 7 is a plate limiting device
- 8 is an electrolyte spraying device.
- the plate limiting device 7 can prevent the electrolyte plate from being damaged by the contact of the electrode plate, and at the same time, the anode and the anode are positioned to prevent the cathode and the anode from being short-circuited.
- the plate limiting device 7 is a three-type limiting block connected device, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 5 is an electrolytic or electric collecting slot provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- the invention preferably uses three three The integral structure of the angle limiting block increases the fixing strength of the limiting block, and ensures that the limiting block is in a good working state and plays a good role.
- the plate limiting device 7 is preferably fixed to the panel 6 by screws or sub-ports for easy replacement.
- the electrolyte spraying device 8 functions to spray the electrolyte, and its angle with the horizontal is preferably 0 to 30. .
- the electrolyte spraying device 8 is disposed at a height of 300 mm to 500 mm from the bottom of the bottom of the tank, and is used at an angle of 0 to 30° with respect to the horizontal to make the electrolyte in each block.
- the jet plates are formed on both sides in parallel and close to the cathode plate, as shown in Fig. 6.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of the electrolyte between the plates according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the electrolyte spraying device can be arranged in such a manner that the electrolyte flows upward near the cathode plate and moves downward near the anode plate, while ensuring that the entire cathode plate surface is always in the electrolyte circulation state, Conducive to the sedimentation of the anode mud.
- the electrolyte spraying device 8 is preferably fixed to the panel 6 by screws or sub-ports.
- the plate limiting device 7 and the electrolyte spraying device 8 are fixed to the panel 6 by screws or sub-ports, and are easily replaced.
- the tank body 1 is provided with a liquid discharge device, and the liquid discharge device is preferably an overflow port 9 disposed at an upper end of the two ends of the tank body, so that the floating anode mud can be discharged in time to reduce the floating anode mud.
- the short circuit of the cathode plate caused by the long particles of the cathode plate is beneficial to improve current efficiency and product quality.
- the cathode plate 12 and the anode plate 13 are placed in the tank body 1.
- the cathode plate 12 and the anode plate 13 are plates which are commonly used in the art, and the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of the number and arrangement thereof.
- the external liquid supply system is connected to the liquid supply device through a flange, and the electrolyte is supplied thereto. After the electric current is supplied, the supplied electrolyte enters through the liquid inlet.
- the chamber of the liquid device is distributed along the cavity, and is ejected in parallel and close to the cathode plate by the electrolyte spraying device, and then the ejected electrolyte passes through the cavity between the plate and the side wall of the trough, The cavity between the plate and the bottom of the tank moves toward both ends of the tank, and finally returns to the electrolyte circulation system from both ends of the tank.
- the cathode and anode plates undergo an electrochemical reaction under energization, and metal is continuously deposited on the cathode plate.
- the electrolysis is a technical means well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention has no particular limitation on the electrolysis process.
- the electrolyte injection device ejects an electrolyte, and the flow rate of the electrolyte can be 0.9 L/min to 1.5 L/min. , preferably from 1.0 L/min to 1.2 L/min; the pressure of the electrolyte may be 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa.
- the current density can be 420A/m 2 ⁇ 580A/m 2
- the current efficiency can be 96% ⁇ 99%
- the electrolysis temperature can be 45°C ⁇ 65°C.
- the electrolyte circulating or liquid supply mode of the electrolysis or electric storage tank of the invention rapidly flows the electrolyte around the cathode, effectively improves the metal ion migration speed in the electrolysis process, reduces the concentration polarization, and reduces the short circuit between the anode and the cathode.
- high-quality cathode products can be produced at high current densities, such as high-purity cathode copper that meets national standards.
- the present invention embeds the liquid supply device of the electrolysis or electric accumulation tank in the tank, thereby ensuring the safety of the liquid supply device and enabling smooth and safe operation of the production.
- the ultrahigh current density electrolysis or electrowinning tank provided by the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the embodiments.
- the process parameters of the electrolysis were as follows: the flow rate of the electrolyte was l.OL/min, the pressure of the electrolyte was 0.2 MPa, the current density was 580 A/m 2 , the current efficiency was 98%, and the electrolysis temperature was 50 °C.
- the cathode plate and the anode plate undergo an electrochemical reaction under energization conditions, and a qualified copper product is deposited on the cathode plate.
- the electrolytic or electric storage tank provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the formation of a jet flow parallel to the cathode plate and close to the cathode plate and away from the anode plate on both sides of each cathode plate when used.
- the rapid flow of the solution around the cathode greatly increases the convective migration rate of the metal cation, and also prevents the short circuit between the plates, thereby achieving the purpose of significantly increasing the productivity of the unit electrolyzer by greatly increasing the current density, thereby obtaining a high-quality cathode. product.
- the liquid supply device of the electrolysis or electric accumulating tank provided by the embodiment of the invention is embedded in the trough, which can ensure smooth and safe operation of the production.
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Abstract
一种超高电流密度电解或电积槽，包括槽体，所述槽体上设置有进液口，所述进液口的外部设置有法兰；所述槽体内侧壁上设置有面板，所述面板与槽体内侧壁形成封闭空腔，所述封闭空腔与所述槽体上的进液口相通，所述面板上设置有电解液喷射装置和极板限位装置；所述槽体内放置有阳极板和阴极板；所述槽体上设置有出液装置。在本发明中，面板、槽体内侧壁及两者形成的封闭空腔构成一个供液装置。本发明将所述供液装置镶嵌在槽体内侧壁上，利用底部平行于极板的供液方式，保证超高电流密度下电解或电积生产所需要的电解液循环要求，同时，极板不会触及镶嵌在槽体内侧壁上的供液装置，从而保证了供液装置的安全性，使生产顺利、安全运行。
Description
超高电流密度电解或电积槽
本申请要求于 2013 年 05 月 06 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201310163251.7、 发明名称为 "超高电流密度电解或电积槽" 的中国专利申请 的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及有色金属电解或电积技术领域，特别涉及一种超高电流密度电 解或电积槽。 背景技术
电解精炼是有色金属冶炼过程中金属精炼的主要手段，也是有色金属冶炼 的一个最终环节，其技术及设备的先进与否直接影响到金属的质量好坏和产能 高低。 在有色金属中， 铜、 铅、 辞和镍的电解或电积过程均基于电化学原理， 将阴极和阳极置于盛有含金属离子的溶液的槽中，通电后在电极上发生电化学 反应， 阴极上有金属不断析出、 沉积。 由于溶液中各种金属离子的电极电位决 定了它们在阴极和阳极上反应的顺序，在阴极上优先析出的是电极电位较高的 金属， 而各金属的电极电位是由标准电极电位和该金属离子的浓度确定的。 目 前， 为提高产能同时考虑建设成本， 唯一的途径就是提高电流密度。 但在生产 实践中， 当电流密度升高时， 在阴极上析出金属的速度加快， 这往往会造成阴 极附近的金属离子浓度降低而引起电极电位的降低， 即产生了浓差极化，使主 要的金属不能在阴极上优先析出，导致杂质金属的析出，影响产品质量。因此， 浓差极化是导致铜、铅、辞和镍在电解或电积过程中电流密度提高受到限制的 主要原因。
在保证阴极金属质量的前提下， 如何提高电流密度、 强化电解生产、 提高 电解槽的生产效率， 这一直是金属电解生产领域研究的课题。 比如， 授权公告 号为 CN101376990B的中国专利文献公开了一种铜电解槽及其运行方法，该铜 电解槽包括多个的竖直且彼此平行设置的阳极板和阴极板、纵侧的电解液进口 以及电解液出口， 其中， 电解液进口包括在槽的一个纵向壁上一直延伸到电极 下边缘的区域中的封闭的进口箱， 进口箱可挂在槽的端面上， 并且可和电解液 源连接， 并且设置了用于固定地设置每个阴极板的装置， 以及在电极高度的下
面的三分之一处延伸的、且分布和电极中间腔室相对应的区域中设置至少一个 孔， 用于定向地输送电解液。
上述专利文献 了一种强化电解循环的方法和相应的电解装置，通过电 解液供液装置改变电解液流动方式强化电解液的循环，提高金属离子的迁移速 度，降低电解生产过程中的浓差极化，可实现电流密度最高达 540Α/Π12的电解。 但是， 由于该装置的电解液进液箱挂在电解槽壁上， 阴极或阳极在实际生产中 极易触及进液箱体而造成对箱体的损坏，严重时还会损坏电解槽内壁的防腐层 而造成电解槽渗漏， 不利于生产顺利、 安全运行。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题， 本发明提供一种超高电流密度电解或电积槽， 该 电解或电积槽能保证安全运行， 利于生产。
本发明提供一种超高电流密度电解或电积槽， 包括槽体， 所述槽体上设置 有进液口， 所述进液口的外部设置有法兰；
所述槽体内侧壁上设置有面板， 所述面板与槽体内侧壁形成封闭空腔， 所 述封闭空腔与所述槽体上的进液口相通，所述面板上设置有电解液喷射装置和 极板限位装置；
所述槽体内放置有阳极板和阴极板；
所述槽体上设置有出液装置。
优选的， 所述槽体内侧壁具有凹槽， 所述面板平直且与所述槽体内侧壁的 凹槽形成封闭空腔。
优选的， 所述凹槽的四周预埋有螺栓，通过螺母将所述面板固定在所述槽 体内侧壁上。
优选的， 所述封闭空腔的下边沿与所述槽体底部较高的一端的距离为 150mm~500mm。
优选的， 所述电解液喷射装置与水平的夹角为 0~30° 。
优选的， 所述极板限位装置为三个三角型限位块连体式装置。
优选的，所述电解液喷射装置和极板限位装置通过螺丝或子口固定在所述 面板上。
优选的， 所述出液装置为设置在所述槽体两端上部的溢流口。
优选的， 所述槽体为耐腐蚀材料一次整体浇铸成型。
优选的， 所述面板的数量为一个， 所述面板与槽体一侧内侧壁形成封闭空 腔。
与现有技术相比， 本发明提供的电解或电积槽包括槽体， 所述槽体上设置 有进液口， 所述进液口的外部设置有法兰； 所述槽体内侧壁上设置有面板， 所 述面板与槽体内侧壁形成封闭空腔， 所述封闭空腔与所述槽体上的进液口相 通， 所述面板上设置有电解液喷射装置和极板限位装置； 所述槽体内放置有阳 极板和阴极板； 所述槽体上设置有出液装置。 生产时， 外部供液系统通过法兰 连接槽体， 向其供给电解液， 外部供给的电解液通过进液口进入封闭空腔内， 沿其均匀分配， 通过电解液喷射装置沿平行于极板方向喷出， 然后， 喷出的电 解液通过极板与槽体侧壁之间的空腔、极板与槽体底部之间的空腔向槽体两端 运动， 最后从槽体两端返回电解液循环系统。 在本发明中， 面板、 槽体内侧壁 及两者形成的封闭空腔构成一个供液装置。本发明将所述供液装置镶嵌在槽体 内侧壁上， 利用底部平行于极板的供液方式，保证超高电流密度下电解或电积 生产所需要的电解液循环要求， 同时，极板不会触及镶嵌在槽体内侧壁上的供 液装置， 从而保证了供液装置的安全性， 使生产顺利、 安全运行。
进一步的， 所述槽体内侧壁具有凹槽， 所述面板平直且与所述槽体内侧壁 的凹槽形成封闭空腔，使槽体内侧壁基本没有凸出的部分，供液装置的安全性 更高。
进一步的， 本发明所述凹槽的四周预埋有螺栓，通过螺母将所述面板固定 在所述槽体内侧壁上， 这种分体式结构方便清洗和设备维护， 降低生产运行成 本。
进一步的， 本发明所述出液装置为设置在所述槽体两端上部的溢流口，使 漂浮阳极泥能及时排出，减少漂浮阳极泥造成的阴极板长粒子而引起的阴极板 短路问题， 利于提高电流效率和产品质量。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例提供的超高电流密度电解或电积槽的主视图； 图 2为本发明实施例提供的超高电流密度电解或电积槽的侧视图；
图 3为本发明实施例提供的超高电流密度电解或电积槽的俯视图； 图 4为本发明实施例提供的电解或电积槽的面板的结构示意图； 图 5为本发明实施例提供的电解或电积槽的极板限位装置的结构示意图； 图 6为本发明实施例电解液在极板之间的运行示意图。 具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明， 下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描 述， 但是应当理解， 这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点， 而不是 对本发明权利要求的限制。
本发明提供了一种超高电流密度电解或电积槽， 包括槽体， 所述槽体上设 置有进液口， 所述进液口的外部设置有法兰；
所述槽体内侧壁上设置有面板， 所述面板与槽体内侧壁形成封闭空腔， 所 述封闭空腔与所述槽体上的进液口相通，所述面板上设置有电解液喷射装置和 极板限位装置；
所述槽体内放置有阳极板和阴极板；
所述槽体上设置有出液装置。
本发明提供的电解或电积槽是一个高效、 清洁、 环保的先进设备， 能应用 于超高电流密度条件下铜、铅、辞和镍等有色金属的电解或电积。 本发明将电 解液的供给、 分配和平行喷射单元集成于槽上， 形成一个电解或电积槽整体， 运行高效、 安全， 不但能获得高品质的阴极产品， 而且能大幅度降低电解精炼 系统投资， 有效降低生产运行费用。
本发明实施例提供的超高电流密度电解或电积槽的结构参见图 1、 图 2和 图 3 , 图 1为本发明实施例提供的超高电流密度电解或电积槽的主视图， 图 2 为本发明实施例提供的超高电流密度电解或电积槽的侧视图，图 3为本发明实 施例提供的超高电流密度电解或电积槽的俯视图。
在图 1中， 1为槽体， 2为进液口， 3为封闭空腔， 4为螺栓， 6为面板， 9为溢流口， 10为第一排液口， 11为第二排液口。
在图 2中， 2为进液口， 5为法兰。
在图 3中， 1为槽体， 9为溢流口， 10为第一排液口， 11为第二排液口，
12为阴极板， 13为阳极板。
在本发明中， 槽体 1内为进行有色金属电解或电积的场所， 其由侧壁、 端 壁和底部组成，优选釆用耐腐蚀材料一次整体浇铸成型。 所述耐腐蚀材料可为 树脂砂浆， 优选为树脂石英砂砂浆， 其中， 所述树脂优选为呋喃树脂、 乙烯基 酯树脂、 不饱和聚酯树脂和环氧树脂中的任意一种，使所述槽体具有较好的整 体防腐性能， 抗渗、 防漏和绝缘性能远远优于传统电解槽， 安全环保， 且使用 寿命可达传统电解槽的 2.5倍。 同时， 模具浇铸精度高， 误差可控制在 5mm, 便于安装调平与配套定位系统。
本发明对所述槽体的容积等没有特殊限制，在本发明的一个实施例中，槽 体 1 侧壁的厚度为 70mm~80mm , 优选为 70mm~75mm。 相比壁厚为 110mm~130mm的传统电解槽， 本发明实施例提供的电解槽槽壁薄， 可节约大 量厂房面积及管线布置， 降低装配等成本。
在本发明中， 槽体 1内侧壁上设置有面板 6, 面板 6与槽体 1内侧壁形成 封闭空腔 3 , 面板 6上设置有电解液喷射装置。 即， 槽体 1内侧壁、 面板 6和 两者之间的封闭空腔 3构成一个供液装置。
电解液在封闭空腔 3内， 沿其均勾分配，通过面板 6上的电解液喷射装置 沿平行于极板方向喷出，然后，喷出的电解液通过极板与槽体侧壁之间的空腔、 极板与槽体底部之间的空腔向槽体两端运动，最后从槽体两端返回电解液循环 系统。本发明将所述供液装置镶嵌在槽体内侧壁上， 利用底部平行于极板的供 液方式，保证超高电流密度下电解或电积生产所需要的电解液循环要求，同时， 极板不会触及镶嵌在槽体内侧壁上的供液装置， 从而保证了供液装置的安全 性。
在本发明中， 槽体 1上设置有进液口 2, 封闭空腔 3与进液口 2相通； 进 液口 2的外部设置有法兰 5。 外部供液系统通过法兰 5连接槽体 1 , 向其供给 电解液， 而外部供给的电解液通过进液口 2进入封闭空腔 3内。 其中， 所述法 兰为本领域常用的连接零件，优选为方形法兰。 所述进液口可根据所述供液装 置等因素而具体设置， 能使电解液通入即可。
所述面板可设置在槽体一侧或两侧内侧壁的下部 ,在本发明的一个实施例 中， 面板 6的数量为一个， 其与槽体 1一侧内侧壁形成封闭空腔， 即， 所述供
液装置镶嵌在所述槽体一侧内侧壁上， 利于提高设备安全性， 降低设备生产成 本和生产运行成本。
作为优选， 所述面板优选设置在槽体纵向内侧壁上， 以使供液量充足。 本 发明对所述面板与槽体内侧壁形成封闭空腔的情况没有特殊限制，可以为槽体 内侧壁平直， 面板相对于内侧壁凸起而形成封闭空腔； 也可以为槽体内侧壁具 有凹槽， 面板平直且与凹槽形成封闭空腔； 还可以为槽体内侧壁具有凹槽， 面 板相对于内侧壁平直的部分凸起而形成封闭空腔。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 所述槽体内侧壁具有凹槽 ,所述面板平直且与所述槽体内侧壁的凹槽形成封闭 空腔， 使槽体内侧壁基本没有凸出的部分， 供液装置的安全性更高。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 封闭空腔 3的四周预埋有螺栓 4, 通过螺母将 面板 6固定在槽体 1内侧壁上，使之与槽体 1上的凹槽形成一个封闭体。通过 釆用这种螺丝连接方式的分体式结构， 可使所述面板很轻松地被拆除， 以清除 所述腔体和通道内的结晶和结垢，清洗方便； 同时，这种分体式结构比较简单， 容易维护和更换， 制造和维护的费用较低， 从而能降低生产运行成本。
在本发明中，槽体 1底部相对于水平为斜坡状，在其底部较高的一端设有 第一排液口 10, 在另一端设有第二排液口 11 , 用于排泥、 排液， 本发明没有 特殊限制。
在本发明的一个实施例中，封闭空腔 3的下边沿与槽体 1底部较高的一端 的距离为 150mm~500mm, 优选为 300mm~500mm。
在本发明中， 面板 6上设有电解液喷射装置和极板限位装置。本发明对所 述面板的材质没有特殊限制， 可以釆用工程塑料、 不锈钢、 钛合金或碳纤维制 成面板。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 面板 6的结构参见图 4, 图 4为本发明实施例 提供的电解或电积槽的面板的结构示意图。 在图 4中， 6为面板， 7为极板限 位装置， 8为电解液喷射装置。
极板限位装置 7能避免极板触及而损伤电解液喷射装置 8, 同时对阴、 阳 极起到定位作用， 防止阴、 阳极短路。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 极板限位装 置 7为三个三角型限位块连体式装置， 其结构如图 5所示， 图 5为本发明实施 例提供的电解或电积槽的极板限位装置的结构示意图。本发明优选釆用三个三
角型限位块一体式结构，增加了限位块的固定强度， 能确保限位块处于良好的 工作状态， 较好地发挥作用。
另外， 极板限位装置 7优选通过螺丝或子口固定在面板 6上， 方便更换。 电解液喷射装置 8起到喷射电解液的作用， 其与水平的夹角优选为 0~30 。 。在本发明的一个实施例中， 电解液喷射装置 8设置在距槽体底部较高的一 端 300mm~500mm处， 并釆用与水平呈 0~30° 夹角的方式， 使电解液在每块 阴极板两侧形成平行且靠近于阴极板的喷射流，如图 6所示， 图 6为本发明实 施例电解液在极板之间的运行示意图。从图 6可以看出， 这种电解液喷射装置 的设置方式可实现电解液靠近阴极板向上流动，在阳极板附近向下运动，在确 保整个阴极板表面始终处于电解液循环状态的同时， 有利于阳极泥的沉降。
另外， 电解液喷射装置 8优选通过螺丝或子口固定在面板 6上。在本发明 的一个实施例中，极板限位装置 7和电解液喷射装置 8釆用螺丝或子口固定在 面板 6上， 均方便更换。
在本发明中，槽体 1上设置有出液装置， 所述出液装置优选为设置在所述 槽体两端上部的溢流口 9, 使漂浮阳极泥能及时排出， 减少漂浮阳极泥造成的 阴极板长粒子而引起的阴极板短路问题， 利于提高电流效率和产品质量。
在本发明中， 槽体 1 内放置有阴极板 12和阳极板 13。 阴极板 12和阳极 板 13为本领域常用的极板， 本发明对其数量和设置等没有特殊限制。
将本发明实施例提供的电解或电积槽应用于电解时，外部供液系统通过法 兰连接供液装置， 向其供给电解液， 通电后， 所述供给的电解液通过进液口进 入供液装置的腔体内， 沿腔体均勾分配，通过电解液喷射装置沿平行且靠近于 阴极板方向喷出， 然后， 喷出的电解液通过极板与槽体侧壁之间的空腔、 极板 与槽体底部之间的空腔向槽体两端运动， 最后从槽体两端返回电解液循环系 统。 在此过程中， 阴极板和阳极板在通电的条件下发生电化学反应， 在阴极板 上不断析出金属。
所述电解为本领域技术人员熟知的技术手段，本发明对所述电解的工艺没 有特殊限制， 所述电解液喷射装置喷射电解液， 电解液的流量可为 0.9L/min~1.5L/min , 优选为 1.0L/min~1.2L/min； 电解液的压力可为 0.2MPa~0.3MPa„
通电电解时， 电流密度可为 420A/m2~580A/m2, 电流效率可为 96%~99%, 电解的温度可为 45°C~65°C。
本发明所述电解或电积槽的电解液循环供液方式使阴极周围电解液快速 流动， 有效提高电解过程中的金属离子迁移速度， 减少浓差极化， 降低阴、 阳 极之间的短路，从而实现在高电流密度下生产出高品质的阴极产品，如能得到 符合国家标准的高纯阴极铜。
并且， 本发明将所述电解或电积槽的供液装置镶嵌于槽内， 能保证供液装 置的安全性， 使生产顺利、 安全运行。
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的超高电流密度电 解或电积槽进行具体描述。
实施例 1
在电解槽中间隔放置 54块粗铜阳极板 13和 53块纯铜阴极板 12, 以硫酸 和硫酸铜的混合液为电解液， 外部供液系统通过法兰 5连接供液装置， 向其供 给所述电解液，通电后， 所述供给的电解液通过进液口 2进入供液装置的封闭 腔体 3内， 沿其均勾分配，通过面板 6上的电解液喷射装置 8沿平行且靠近于 阴极板方向喷出， 然后， 喷出的电解液通过极板与槽体侧壁之间的空腔、 极板 与槽体底部之间的空腔向槽体两端运动，最后从槽体两端的溢流口 9返回电解 液循环系统。
电解的工艺参数如下：电解液的流量为 l.OL/min,电解液的压力为 0.2MPa, 电流密度为 580A/m2, 电流效率为 98%, 电解的温度为 50°C。 在上述电解过 程中， 阴极板和阳极板在通电的条件下发生电化学反应，在阴极板上析出合格 的铜产品。
由以上实施例可知， 本发明实施例提供的电解或电积槽在使用时， 可实现 电解液在每块阴极板两侧形成平行于阴极板、且靠近阴极板而远离阳极板的喷 流， 使阴极周围溶液快速流动， 大大提高金属阳离子的对流迁移速率， 还可防 止极板之间的短路，从而达到通过大幅度提高电流密度而显著增加单位电解装 置生产能力的目的， 获得高品质的阴极产品。
同时， 本发明实施例提供的电解或电积槽的供液装置镶嵌在槽内， 能保证 生产顺利、 安全运行。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的装置、 方法及其核心思想。 应当指出， 对于本技术领域技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下， 还 可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的 保护范围内。
Claims
1、 一种超高电流密度电解或电积槽， 包括槽体， 所述槽体上设置有进液 口， 所述进液口的外部设置有法兰；
所述槽体内侧壁上设置有面板， 所述面板与槽体内侧壁形成封闭空腔， 所 述封闭空腔与所述槽体上的进液口相通，所述面板上设置有电解液喷射装置和 极板限位装置；
所述槽体内放置有阳极板和阴极板；
所述槽体上设置有出液装置。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述槽体内侧壁 具有凹槽， 所述面板平直且与所述槽体内侧壁的凹槽形成封闭空腔。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述凹槽的四周 预埋有螺栓， 通过螺母将所述面板固定在所述槽体内侧壁上。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述封闭空腔的 下边沿与所述槽体底部较高的一端的距离为 150mm~500mm。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述电解液喷射 装置与水平的夹角为 0~30° 。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述极板限位装 置为三个三角型限位块连体式装置。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述电解液喷射 装置和极板限位装置通过螺丝或子口固定在所述面板上。
8、 根据权利要求 1~7任一项所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述出 液装置为设置在所述槽体两端上部的溢流口。
9、 根据权利要求 1~7任一项所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述槽 体为耐腐蚀材料一次整体浇铸成型。
10、根据权利要求 1~7任一项所述的电解或电积槽， 其特征在于， 所述面 板的数量为一个， 所述面板与槽体一侧内侧壁形成封闭空腔。
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| CN105177636B (zh) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-05-18 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种电积装置及电积的方法 |
| CN105040035B (zh) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-05-31 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种平行射流电解工艺及装置 |
| CN105297080A (zh) * | 2015-11-15 | 2016-02-03 | 杨伟燕 | 一种超高电流密度平行流电解槽及其进液装置 |
| CN105297079B (zh) * | 2015-11-15 | 2017-05-31 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种超高电流密度平行流电解槽及其出液装置 |
| CN105506670B (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-03-23 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种铜电解或铜电积的装置与运行方法 |
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