WO2014176793A1 - 一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2014176793A1
WO2014176793A1 PCT/CN2013/075163 CN2013075163W WO2014176793A1 WO 2014176793 A1 WO2014176793 A1 WO 2014176793A1 CN 2013075163 W CN2013075163 W CN 2013075163W WO 2014176793 A1 WO2014176793 A1 WO 2014176793A1
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low
drying
tunnel
drying chamber
lignite
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PCT/CN2013/075163
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蔡京鹏
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Cai Jingpeng
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Publication of WO2014176793A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014176793A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/14—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with trucks, containers, or trays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/16—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by wheeled trucks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of coal drying, in particular to the field of drying or low temperature dry distillation of lignite and low metamorphosed long flame coal.
  • the present invention provides a drying or low-temperature carbonization method and apparatus for lignite or low-grade long-flame coal.
  • the moisture content of the material after drying or low-temperature dry distillation by the method and the device is significantly reduced, especially the lignite or the low metamorphic long flame coal, the suckback is extremely small, the spontaneous combustion and weathering do not occur, and the unit heat generation is greatly improved;
  • the shrinkage increases the particle strength; the water evaporated in the material can be mostly discharged in the form of condensed water, the environmental protection is easy to control, the vaporization heat is partially recycled, the production cost is low, the equipment is simple in cost, and it is easy to mass-produce.
  • a drying or low-temperature carbonization method for lignite or low-grade long-flame coal the specific steps are as follows:
  • the charging device with the filling completion enters the tunnel drying chamber from the feeding end of the tunnel drying chamber; the discharge end of the tunnel drying chamber is connected to the hot air with preset temperature, flow rate and flow rate. Or steam;
  • the loading vehicle moves from the feeding end of the tunnel drying chamber to the discharging end at a preset speed, opposite to the direction of hot air or steam, so as to be installed in the metal tube.
  • the particles of lignite or low metamorphosed long flame coal gradually heat up for drying or dry distillation;
  • the granules of lignite or low-grade long-flame coal which have been dried or low-temperature dry-distilled are sent out from the discharge end by the loading vehicle, and after being cooled, they are discharged from the metal material tube, which is the finished product.
  • step 3 the exhaust gas generated during the drying or retorting process is discharged from a plurality of exhaust gas discharge holes at the top of the tunnel drying chamber, and is completely or partially passed into the heat exchanger of the tunnel drying outdoor, and then heated.
  • the hot air or steam inlet port of the tunnel drying chamber is passed into the tunnel drying chamber.
  • the method can be used for drying other materials.
  • a drying or low-temperature carbonization device for lignite or low-grade long-flame coal the tunnel drying chamber of the device is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas discharge holes at the top, and at the bottom is provided with more than one condensate discharge port;
  • the feeding end of the dry chamber is a low temperature section, the discharge end is a high temperature section, and a hot air or steam inlet is provided in the high temperature section;
  • the loading speed of the device is controllable, and the feeding end is from the feeding end to the discharging end.
  • the moving part is installed in the tunnel drying room;
  • the metal pipe of the device is provided in plurality, and is installed at intervals on the loading vehicle, and each metal material pipe is provided with a venting hole.
  • the apparatus further includes a heat exchanger that outputs hot air or steam with controllable temperature, flow rate, and flow rate.
  • the heat exchanger is disposed in the tunnel drying chamber and communicates with the exhaust vent of the tunnel drying chamber and hot air or steam. Enter the mouth.
  • the diameter of the vent hole on the metal tube is 5 mm or less.
  • vent holes are provided at a height of 1 m on the metal tube.
  • the invention installs the material (the lignite or the particles of the low metamorphic long flame coal) in the metal material tube, and the heat medium (hot air or steam) outputted by the heat exchanger does not contact the coal particles, so that the flammable material (brown coal or low metamorphism)
  • the particles of long flame coal do not contact oxygen during the drying process, and there is no danger of burning or explosion.
  • the metal material pipe is fixedly mounted on the loading vehicle, which can realize the relatively static drying of the material, and is particularly beneficial for the modification of lignite or low metamorphic long flame coal particles, the volume is reduced, the strength is increased, the moisture is not returned, and the self-ignition is not spontaneous. Powdered.
  • the charging vehicle of the invention has the controllable speed, and the temperature, the flow rate and the flow rate of the hot air or steam outputted by the heat exchanger are controllable, effectively ensuring that the lignite particles are dried at an optimum temperature and time, and most of the moisture in the material is condensed. After being discharged into water, most of the latent heat of vaporization is recycled, and environmental protection is easy to control.
  • the drying system of the invention is easy to be mass-produced in large quantities, has simple industrial application procedures, low equipment cost, low production cost and low social cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a drying or low-temperature carbonization apparatus of the present invention.
  • a drying or low-temperature carbonization apparatus for lignite or low-grade long-flame coal as shown in FIG. 1 includes a tunnel drying chamber 1, a charging cart 2, a metal tube 3, and a heat exchanger 4.
  • the top of the tunnel drying chamber 1 is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas discharge holes 11 and one or more condensed water discharge ports 12 are provided at the bottom.
  • the tunnel type drying chamber is a heat insulating space which is gradually approached from a low temperature to a high temperature from the feeding end to the discharging end. That is, the feeding end of the tunnel drying chamber 1 is a low temperature section, the discharge end of the tunnel drying chamber 1 is a high temperature section, and the middle part is a temperature rising section.
  • the present invention provides a hot air or steam inlet port 13 at a location in the high temperature section of the tunnel drying chamber.
  • the loading cart 2 is controllable in speed and is provided in plurality, and the loading cart is installed in the tunnel drying chamber 1 from the feeding end to the discharging end.
  • the loading cart 2 can be slid on the rail 14 provided in the tunnel drying chamber 1 by a driving device such as a tractor or a top cart at a set speed.
  • the metal material pipe 3 may be one, or a plurality of intervals, installed on each of the loading vehicles 2, with the loading vehicle 2 In one piece, there is a certain gap between the metal tube 3 to facilitate ventilation.
  • the metal tube 3 may be cylindrical or square.
  • Each metal tube 3 is provided with a venting hole 31 for discharging water vapor or other gas during drying and low temperature retorting.
  • the venting holes 31 should not be too large or too large to avoid a large amount of air entering during heating to cause combustion. Therefore, it is preferable that 1-2 vent holes are provided at a height of 1 m on the metal material tube 3, and the venting holes are provided.
  • the aperture is less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the heat exchanger 4 is disposed outside the tunnel drying chamber 1 and communicates with the exhaust gas venting opening 11 of the tunnel drying chamber 1 and the hot air or steam inlet port 13.
  • the temperature, flow rate and flow rate of the hot air or steam output by the heat exchanger 4 are controllable.
  • Hot air or steam having a set temperature, flow rate, and flow rate is introduced from the discharge end of the tunnel drying chamber 1 in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the loading cart 2.
  • the hot air or steam is discharged to the feeding end of the tunnel drying chamber 1 through the gap between the metal pipe 3, and the metal pipe 3 is heated, thereby drying or low-temperature carbonizing the material in the metal pipe 3.
  • drying or low-temperature dry distillation lignite or low-grade long-flame coal the above equipment can also be used for drying other materials. Taking drying or low-temperature dry distillation lignite or low-grade long-flame coal as an example, the method of drying or low-temperature dry distillation using the above device is specifically described. The steps are as follows:
  • the loading and unloading loading vehicle 2 enters the tunnel drying chamber 1 from the feeding end of the tunnel drying chamber 1; the discharging end of the tunnel drying chamber 1 is preset to have The temperature, flow rate and flow rate of the drying capacity of hot air or steam, hot air or steam can be one or more points of access.
  • the loading cart 2 moves from the feeding end of the tunnel drying chamber 1 to the discharging end at a preset speed, and is driven by a driving device such as a tractor or a top car at a set speed.
  • the discharge end moves.
  • the moving direction of the loading cart 2 is opposite to the direction of the hot air or steam, so that the particles of lignite or low-grade long-flame coal contained in the metal tube 3 are gradually heated to perform drying or dry distillation; drying or retorting process
  • the exhaust gas generated in the exhaust gas is discharged from the plurality of exhaust gas discharge holes 11 at the top of the tunnel drying chamber.
  • the moisture of the particles of lignite or low metamorphosed long flame coal is evaporated and discharged from the vent hole 31 of the metal pipe 3, and mixed in hot air or steam to heat the column of the low temperature material just entering the tunnel drying chamber 1, part of the steam Further, the heat of vaporization can be released and condensed into water to be discharged from the condensed water discharge port 12 at the bottom of the tunnel drying chamber 1.
  • the present invention also recovers the exhaust gas discharged from the plurality of exhaust gas discharge holes 11 by adding the heat exchanger 4, and all or part of the exhaust gas discharged from the plurality of exhaust gas discharge holes 11 is introduced into the heat exchanger 4 and then heated, and the tunnel drying chamber 1 is removed.
  • the hot air or steam inlet port 13 is re-introduced into the tunnel drying chamber 1 for drying or low temperature retorting. Since the hot air in the exhaust gas has a certain temperature, the carried water vapor contains a large amount of heat of vaporization, and reuse can save a lot of heat energy. At the same time, because of the high specific heat and thermal conductivity of steam, increasing the steam content in hot air helps to increase drying efficiency and rate.
  • the heat exchanger 4 may be heated by coal, or may be heated by other means.
  • the heat exchanger 4 can be passed through clean air, heated by the heat exchanger 4 to become hot air having drying capacity, and then passed into the tunnel drying chamber 1 from the discharge end, and the metal material tube 3 is dried.
  • the feed end of the tunnel drying chamber 1 or the exhaust gas discharge port 11 is discharged. Since the hot air passing through the heat exchange itself is clean, there is no direct contact with the lignite or the low metamorphic long flame coal particles during the drying process, and the exhaust gas is discharged. Environmental protection is easy to control.
  • the granules of lignite or low-grade long-flame coal which have been dried or low-temperature dry-distilled are sent out from the discharge end by the charging cart 2, and after being cooled, they are discharged from the metal material pipe 3, which is the finished product.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法及装置，所述装置包括隧道式烘干室、装料车和金属料管，隧道式烘干室顶部设有多个尾气排放孔，底部设有一个以上的冷凝水排放口；其进料端部为低温段，出料端部为高温段，于高温段设有热风或蒸汽进入口；多个设有透气孔的金属料管装设在装料车上，装料车设在隧道烘干室内，自进料端部向出料端部移动，该装置还设置一连通尾气排气孔和热风或蒸汽进入口的换热器。所述方法包括装料、进料、烘干或低温干馏和卸料等步骤，装料车移动方向与热风或蒸汽的通入方向相反，以使装在金属料管内的物料逐渐升温，进行烘干或干馏。烘干或干馏后的物料水分降低显著，蒸发的水分大部分以冷凝水形式排出，环保且易于控制，汽化热部分回收利用，设备简单，造价低，易于大批量生成。

Description

一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及煤炭烘干领域，尤其是涉及褐煤和低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏领域。
背景技术
多年来国内外对于降低褐煤和低变质长焰煤的水份，提高煤质的技术工艺做了大量研究试验，采用的方法种类繁多，但还没有成熟的技术流程，存在诸多弊端，主要有：①.烘干后的煤还是完全具有褐煤的缺点，易自燃、风化、易吸水返潮。②.干法烘干因褐煤燃点低，烘干时热风与煤直接接触，危险性大，易着火甚至爆炸；尾汽夹带煤粉，环境污染控制程度差；湿法（蒸汽）烘干时，蒸汽用量大，耗能大，生产成本高，且设备造价昂贵。③.烘干设备复杂，难以大型化生产，投资成本高，生产成本高。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法及装置。经该方法和装置烘干或低温干馏后的物料水份降低显著，特别是褐煤或低变质长焰煤，其回吸极小，不发生自燃、风化，单位发热量大幅度提高；体积大幅度缩小，颗粒强度增加；物料中蒸发的水份可以大部分以冷凝水形式排出，环保易于控制，汽化热部分回收利用，生产成本低；设备简单造价低，易于大批量生产。
为实现上述目的，本发明技术方案为：
一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法，具体步骤如下：
①装料：将物料装入装料车上的多个金属料管内；
②进料:装料完成的装料车从隧道式烘干室的进料端进入隧道式烘干室内；隧道式烘干室的出料端部通入预设好温度、流速和流量的热风或蒸汽；
③烘干或低温干馏：装料车按预设好的速度从隧道式烘干室的进料端向出料端移动，与热风或蒸汽的通入方向相反，以使装在金属料管内的褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒逐渐升温，进行烘干或干馏；
④经烘干或低温干馏完毕的褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒，经装料车从出料端送出后，经过冷却后，再从金属料管内卸出，即为成品。
进一步，在步骤③中，烘干或干馏过程中产生的尾气从隧道式烘干室顶部的多个尾气排放孔排出，并全部或部分通入隧道式烘干室外的换热器再加热后，从隧道式烘干室的热风或蒸汽进入口通入隧道式烘干室内。
进一步，所述方法可用于其他物料的干燥。
一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏装置，该装置的隧道式烘干室的顶部设有多个尾气排放孔，底部设有一个以上的冷凝水排放口；该隧道式烘干室的进料端部为低温段，出料端部为高温段，于高温段设有热风或蒸汽进入口；该装置的装料车速度可控，并自进料端部向出料端部移动装设在隧道烘干室内；该装置的金属料管设置有多个，并间隔装设在装料车上，且每个金属料管上均设有透气孔。
进一步，该装置还包括一输出温度、流速和流量可控的热风或蒸汽的换热器该换热器设置隧道式烘干室外，并连通隧道式烘干室的尾气排气孔和热风或蒸汽进入口。
进一步，金属料管上的透气孔的孔径小于等于5mm。
进一步，金属料管上的每1m高度上设置有1-2个透气孔。
本发明将物料（褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒）装在金属料管中，由换热器输出的热媒（热风或蒸汽）并不接触煤颗粒，使易燃物料（褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒）在干燥过程中不接触氧气，不产生燃烧、爆炸的危险性。金属料管固定装设在装料车上，可实现物料相对静止性的烘干，特别有利于褐煤或低变质长焰煤颗粒的改性，体积缩小，强度增加，不返潮，不自燃，不粉化。本发明装料车为速度可控，换热器输出的热风或蒸汽的温度、流速和流量可控，有效保证褐煤颗粒在最佳的温度和时间下烘干，物料中的水份大部冷凝成水后排出，汽化潜热大部回收，环保易于控制。本发明烘干系统易于大型化批量生产，工业化运用程序简单，设备造价低，生产成本低，社会成本低。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本发明烘干或低温干馏装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚、明白，以下结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示的一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏装置，该装置包括有隧道式烘干室1、装料车2、金属料管3及换热器4。
所述隧道式烘干室1的顶部设有多个尾气排放孔11，底部设有一个以上的冷凝水排放口12。所述隧道式烘干室内从进料端到出料端是一个由低温向高温渐近的保温空间。也就是，隧道式烘干室1的进料端部为低温段，隧道式烘干室1的出料端部为高温段，中间部分为温度提升段。本发明在隧道式烘干室高温段的位置设置热风或蒸汽进入口13。
所述装料车2速度可控，且设置为多个，装料车自进料端部向出料端部移动装设在隧道烘干室1内。所述装料车2可以设定好的速度通过牵引机或顶车等驱动设备滑行在隧道烘干室1内设有的轨道14上。
所述金属料管3可为一个，或多个间隔装设在每台装料车2上，以随装料车2 一体移动，金属料管3之间留有一定的间隔缝隙，以利于通风。金属料管3可以是圆柱状，也可以是方柱状。每个金属料管3上均设有透气孔31，以便烘干和低温干馏时排出水蒸汽或其它气体。透气孔31不能过大，也不能过多，以避免加热时空气大量进去引起燃烧，因此最佳的，金属料管3上的每1m高度上设置有1-2个透气孔，且透气孔的孔径小于等于5mm。
所述换热器4设置隧道式烘干室1外，并连通隧道式烘干室1的尾气排气孔11和热风或蒸汽进入口13。该换热器4输出的热风或蒸汽的温度、流速和流量可控。设定好温度、流速、流量的热风或蒸汽从隧道式烘干室1的出料端通入，与装料车2移动方向相反。热风或蒸汽通过金属料管3之间的缝隙向隧道式烘干室1的进料端排出，同时加热金属料管3，进而对金属料管3内的物料进行烘干或低温干馏。
上述装置除可用于烘干或低温干馏褐煤或低变质长焰煤外，还可用于其他物料的干燥。现以烘干或低温干馏褐煤或低变质长焰煤为例，具体说明采用上述装置进行烘干或低温干馏的方法，步骤如下：
①装料：将褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒装入装料车2上的多个导热性能良好的金属料管3内。
②进料:装料完成的装料车2从隧道式烘干室1的进料端进入隧道式烘干室1内；隧道式烘干室1的出料端部通入预设好的具有烘干能力的温度、流速和流量的热风或蒸汽，热风或蒸汽可以是一点或多点通入。
③烘干或低温干馏：装料车2按预设好的速度从隧道式烘干室1的进料端向出料端移动，以设定好的速度通过牵引机或顶车等驱动设备向出料端移动。装料车2的移动方向与热风或蒸汽的通入方向相反，以使装在金属料管3内的褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒逐渐升温，进行烘干或干馏；烘干或干馏过程中产生的尾气从隧道式烘干室顶部的多个尾气排放孔11排出。褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒的水份蒸发并从金属料管3的透气孔31中排出，混合在热风或蒸汽里对刚进隧道式烘干室1的低温物料柱进行加热，部分蒸汽又可释放汽化热能后冷凝成水从隧道式烘干室1底部的冷凝水排放口12排出。
本发明还通过添置换热器4来回收多个尾气排放孔11排出的尾气，多个尾气排放孔11排出的尾气全部或部分通入换热器4再加热后，从隧道式烘干室1的热风或蒸汽进入口13重新通入隧道式烘干室1内参于烘干或低温干馏工作。由于尾气里的热风带有一定的温度，携带的水蒸汽里含有大量的汽化热，重复利用可以节省大量的热能。同时，因为蒸汽的比热和导热系数高，热风中提高蒸汽的含量有助于提高烘干效率和速率。
所述换热器4可以是燃煤供热的，也可以用其它加热方式。换热器4可通入干净的空气，经过换热器4加热后成为具有烘干能力的热风后从出料端通入隧道式烘干室1内，对金属料管3进行烘干后从隧道式烘干室1的进料端或尾气排放口11排出，由于通过换热的热风本身是干净的，在烘干过程中没有同褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒直接接触，排出的尾气环保容易控制。
④经烘干或低温干馏完毕的褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒，经装料车2从出料端送出后，经过冷却后，再从金属料管3内卸出，即为成品。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的优选实施例，如前所述，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述发明构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
    ①装料：将物料装入装料车上的多个金属料管内；
    ②进料:装料完成的装料车从隧道式烘干室的进料端进入隧道式烘干室内；隧道式烘干室的出料端部通入预设好温度、流速和流量的热风或蒸汽；
    ③烘干或低温干馏：装料车按预设好的速度从隧道式烘干室的进料端向出料端移动，与热风或蒸汽的通入方向相反，以使装在金属料管内的褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒逐渐升温，进行烘干或干馏；
    ④经烘干或低温干馏完毕的褐煤或低变质长焰煤的颗粒，经装料车从出料端送出后，经过冷却后，再从金属料管内卸出，即为成品。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法，其特征在于：在步骤③中，烘干或干馏过程中产生的尾气从隧道式烘干室顶部的多个尾气排放孔排出，并全部或部分通入隧道式烘干室外的换热器再加热后，从隧道式烘干室的热风或蒸汽进入口通入隧道式烘干室内。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏方法，其特征在于：所述方法可用于其他物料的干燥。
  4. 一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏装置，其特征在于：该装置包括：
    隧道式烘干室，其顶部设有多个尾气排放孔，底部设有一个以上的冷凝水排放口；该隧道式烘干室的进料端部为低温段，出料端部为高温段，于高温段设有热风或蒸汽进入口；
    装料车，其速度可控，并自进料端部向出料端部移动装设在隧道烘干室内；
    金属料管，其设置有多个，并间隔装设在装料车上，且每个金属料管上均设有透气孔。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏装置，其特征在于：该装置还包括一输出温度、流速和流量可控的热风或蒸汽的换热器，该换热器设置隧道式烘干室外，并连通隧道式烘干室的尾气排气孔和热风或蒸汽进入口。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏装置，其特征在于：金属料管上的透气孔的孔径小于等于5mm。
  7. 如权利要求4或5所述的一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏装置，其特征在于：金属料管上的每1m高度上设置有1-2个透气孔。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的一种褐煤或低变质长焰煤的烘干或低温干馏装置，其特征在于：金属料管上的每1m高度上设置有1-2个透气孔。
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