CN203116491U - 一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统 - Google Patents
一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN203116491U CN203116491U CN2013201244184U CN201320124418U CN203116491U CN 203116491 U CN203116491 U CN 203116491U CN 2013201244184 U CN2013201244184 U CN 2013201244184U CN 201320124418 U CN201320124418 U CN 201320124418U CN 203116491 U CN203116491 U CN 203116491U
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- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 45
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统。该系统至少包括依次串接连通的给干燥器、磨煤机、粗粉分离器、煤粉收集器、粉煤仓、风粉混合器以及锅炉，还包括混合室，该混合室的进气口至少连通所述锅炉炉膛上部的热烟抽口，其出气口连通所述干燥管，其特征在于，所述燃煤系统还包括乏气水回收及暖风装置，该乏气水回收及暖风装置内部形成相互隔离的乏气流动空间、冷媒流动空间以及空气流动空间，用于乏气、冷媒和空气进行热交换。其优点是：主要解决高效褐煤发电技术乏气中的热能回收和水回收。可实现水资源节约利用，这对富煤缺水地区意义特别重大。
Description
一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统技术领域[0001] 本实用新型属于煤发电技术领域，涉及褐煤发电技术，具有地说，涉及一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统。背景技术[0002] 褐煤，又名柴煤，多呈褐色或褐黑色，是一种高挥发份(约50%)、高水份(25%-60%)、高灰份(约30%)、低热值(约3200kcal/kg)、低灰熔点、易风化碎裂、易氧化自燃的劣质燃料，是煤化程度最低的矿产煤。褐煤主要用于发电厂的燃料，也可作化工原料、催化剂载体、吸附剂、净化污水和回收金属等由于国内发电用煤市场供应状况的变化，国矿产出的烟煤价格居高不下，根据中国能源发展战略要求，为保障电煤的长期稳定供应，充分利用褐煤的价格优势，并有利于电厂成本控制，提高发电机组运行经济性，拓宽烟煤锅炉的燃用煤种范畴，对现有电厂的燃煤锅炉的制粉系统进行掺烧褐煤的改造并建设大型的燃褐煤电厂都具有十分重要的现实意义。[0003]因褐煤水分较多，大型褐煤锅炉的制粉系统一般采用风扇磨制粉系统或中速磨制粉系统。该制粉系统中是通过褐煤干燥，将褐 煤中的水蒸发变成乏气，然后磨制褐煤变成煤粉，同时将煤粉和乏气一并送进炉膛燃烧，然后将随烟囱一并排入大气中。由于高水分的乏气被送入炉膛，使得炉内烟气量增加，并且降低了炉膛温度。[0004] 针对上述不足，本申请人之前曾申请了申授权公告号为CN202229208U的中国专利，《一种炉烟干燥及水回收储仓式风扇磨热风送粉制粉系统》。该系统包括锅炉，依次串接连通的原煤仓、下行干燥管、风扇磨煤机、粗粉分离器，煤粉分配器；所述煤粉分离器再连通锅炉的燃烧器，还包括混合室，该混合室第一进气口和第二进气口分别连通锅炉的抽烟口和冷烟风机，所述冷烟分机连通锅炉的设在烟道尾部烟气除尘器，所述混合室的出气口再连通下行干燥管，所述锅炉烟道旁设有送风机，该送风机与设于烟道内的空气预热器连通，其特征在于:所述粗粉分离器和煤粉分配器之间还依次设有乏气分离器、煤粉仓、给粉机和煤粉混合器，所述乏气分离器上部具有乏气出口，该乏气出口连通乏气过滤器，所述乏气过滤器的出煤口再连通煤粉仓，乏气分离器的出气口连通一乏气风机，该乏气风机再连通脱硫塔；所述空气预热器还连通煤粉混合器。[0005] 通过这样的设置，由于产生的包含有水蒸气乏气不随同干燥后的褐煤一同进入炉膛，可以使炉内温度升高，有助于提高燃料燃烧效率，可以减小锅炉的受热面积，可明显减低锅炉体积和制造成本。另外，该系统用高温烟气和冷烟作为干燥剂其氧含量非常低，这样就避免了褐煤在干燥破碎过程中爆燃事故的发生。另外，本实用新型用热风将干燥后的褐煤送入燃烧器，一方面可以适当提高磨煤机后的出口温度，这样可显著改善燃料的着火性能，锅炉低负荷稳燃性能增强，另一方面保证锅炉燃烧时有足够的热空气。[0006] 但是上述结构中并未充分考虑到如何利用乏气中蕴含的热能和水分，乏气的热能回收和水回收不足，导致大量的热能和水资源被浪费。实用新型内容[0007] 本实用新型实施例的目的是针对现有技术中技术的不足，提出一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，主要解决高效褐煤发电技术乏气中的热能回收和水回收。同时回收的热能可以用于锅炉尾部烟气中的热能回收和水回收。该技术可以提高发电厂的热能利用率，提高锅炉效率，同时可以将褐煤中水分凝结出来，以实现褐煤中水资源的大量采集，采集后水经过处理后可用于电厂的补水，可实现水资源节约利用，这对富煤缺水地区意义特别重大。[0008] 为了达到上述实用新型目的，本实用新型提出的一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，是通过以下技术方案实现的:[0009] 一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，所述燃煤系统至少包括依次串接连通的给煤机、干燥器、磨煤机、粗粉分离器、煤粉收集器、粉煤仓、风粉混合器以及锅炉，还包括混合室，该混合室的进气口至少连通所述锅炉炉膛上部的热烟抽口，其出气口连通所述干燥管，其特征在于，所述燃煤系统还包括乏气水回收及暖风装置，该乏气水回收及暖风装置内部形成相互隔离的乏气流动空间、冷媒流动空间以及空气流动空间，用于乏气、冷媒和空气进行热交换；所述乏气流动空间的入口通过乏气风机连通所述煤粉收集器，所述乏气流动空间的出口连通所述脱硫塔，所述乏气流动空间还设有供乏气凝水流出的排水口 ；所述空气流动空间的入口通过送风机与大气连通，所述空气流动空间的出口分为两路，其中一路通过二次风风箱连通所述锅炉的煤粉燃烧器，另一路通过增压一次风机连通到所述风粉混合器。[0010] 所述混合室的第一进气口与所述热烟抽口连通，其第二进气口连通所述锅炉炉膛中部的中烟抽口，其第三进气口连通设在该锅炉烟道尾部的烟气除尘器。[0011] 所述锅炉烟道内还设有空气预热器，该空气预热器的出口分为两路，其中一路连通到所述煤粉燃烧器，另一路连通到所述风粉混合器。[0012] 所述空气流动空间的出口还与所述脱硫塔连通。[0013] 本实用新型所提出了一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，采用热能回收和水回收相结合的技术，具有节能、降本、提高经济的效益，本发明专利具有以下特点:[0014] (I)、对乏气的低品位热量进行多级废热回收，具有显著的节能效果。[0015] (2)、结合多级废热回收技术，通过对于乏气中的水分进行多级回收，最后通过降低温度至水露点以下以将水分充分提取出来，以达到煤中取水的目的。附图说明[0016] 通过下面结合附图对其示例性实施例进行的描述，本实用新型上述特征和优点将会变得更加清楚和容易理解。[0017] 图1为本实用新型实施例褐煤干燥燃煤系统的整体结构示意图。具体实施方式[0018] 下面结合附 图对本实用新型作进一步详细说明，以便于同行业技术人员的理解:[0019] 如图1所示，标号分别表示:1_原煤仓；2_给煤机；3_下行干燥管；4_风扇磨煤机；5_粗粉分离器；6_制粉管道；7_引风机；8_煤粉仓；9_煤粉收集器；10_给粉机；11_风粉混合器；12-送粉管道；13-煤粉燃烧器；14_锅炉；15-热烟抽口 ；16_除尘器；17_引风机；18_烟道；19_冷烟风机；20_冷烟管道；21_混合室；22_高温炉烟管道；23_乏气风机；24-乏气管道；25_乏气水回收及暖风装置；26_脱硫装置；27_烟囱；28_送风机；29_温风管道；30_空气预热器；31_ 二次风管道；32_ 二次风风箱；33_温风旁路管道；34_增压一次风机；35_中烟抽口 ；36_中烟风机；37_温风旁路管道；38_阀门。[0020] 本实施例中提供一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，该系统原理如图1所示。其设计的主体构思是在炉前将煤粉气流进行气固分离，分离后煤粉通过温风送入炉内燃烧，而高水分乏气进入乏气余热及水回收系统。以下将对于褐煤干燥燃煤系统的系统组成进行详细描述:[0021] 炉前部分中，原煤仓I连接到给煤机2上，给煤机2再连接下行干燥管3，下行干燥管3再连接风扇磨煤机4，风扇磨煤机4再连接粗粉分离器5，粗粉分离器5通过制粉管道6连接煤粉收集器9，煤粉收集器9下部的出煤口连通煤粉仓8，煤粉收集器9的上部开有乏气出口。煤粉仓8通过给粉机10连通风粉混合器11，风粉混合器11通过送粉管道12连通锅炉14上的煤粉燃烧器13。[0022] 锅炉14的炉膛上部具有热烟抽口 15，热烟抽口 15连通到混合室21的第一进气口，其炉膛的后部设有中烟抽口 35，由该中烟抽口 35引出的中温烟气经过中烟风机输送至混合室21的第二进气口。锅炉14的烟道尾部还设有除尘器16，该除尘器16连接有引风机17，该引风机17的输出被分两路，其中一路连通到脱硫装置26，并通过烟囱27排放到外界；另一路连通一个冷烟风机19，该冷烟风机19再连通到混合室21的第三进气口。而混合室21的出气口通过高温炉烟管道22连通到下行干燥管3中。[0023] 锅炉14的烟道内设有空气预热器10，该空气预热器10入口通过引风机7与外界大气连通，而其出口连接二次风管道31，该二次风管道31分为两路，其中一路通过二次风风箱32连通所述锅炉14的煤粉燃烧器13，另一路通过增压一次风机34连通到所述风粉混合器11。[0024] 另外，燃煤系统还包括乏气水回收及暖风装置25，该乏气水回收及暖风装置25相当于一个换热器，其内部形成相互隔离的乏气流动空间、冷媒流动空间以及空气流动空间，用于乏气、冷媒和空气进行热交换。其中:[0025] 所述乏气 流动空间的入口通过乏气管道连接乏气风机23，该乏气风机23连通所述煤粉收集器9的乏气出口，所述乏气流动空间的出口连通脱硫装置26，另外，该乏气流动空间还设有供乏气凝水流出的排水口。此排水口被接入水池中，进行回收利用。[0026] 所述空气流动空间的入口通过送风机28与大气连通，所述空气流动空间的出口连接温风管道29，该温风管道29分为两路，其中一路通过温风旁路管道37连通烟® 27，另一路则连接温风旁路管道33。与空气预热器10相同，该温风旁路管道33的出口同样被分为两路，其中一路通过阀门38、二次风风箱32连通所述锅炉14的煤粉燃烧器13，另一路通过增压一次风机34连通到所述风粉混合器11。[0027] 这样，乏气水回收及暖风装置25相当于一个将乏气中热量传递到新鲜空气中，以及冷媒中的换热器。在本实施例中，冷媒为水，被加热的水可送入锅炉中或做它用，以充分的回收乏气中的热能。[0028] 承上述，在本乏气水回收及暖风装置25中，进口乏气温度高于酸露点和水露点，而冷源分别采用空气和凝水，相对温度较低。因此，可产生足够的温压，进口乏气在冷源的作用下，使乏气温度不断降低，并至水露点温度以下，通过两级回收利用，乏气随温度降低含水量逐步降低，由此充分的实现了凝水回收。[0029] 结合上述装置结构，褐煤干燥燃煤系统的工作原理为:[0030] 原煤经原煤仓I通过给煤机2落入下行干燥管3，并与由高温炉烟与冷烟组成的二介质低氧干燥剂混合。高温炉烟在锅炉炉膛上部的热烟抽口 15抽取，冷烟取自锅炉尾部烟气除尘器16与引风机14后并经由冷烟风机19和冷烟管道20输送至炉前，二者在混合室21混合成为具有一定初温和流量的干燥剂，干燥剂由高温炉烟管道22输送至下行干燥管3。[0031] 原煤与上述高温干燥剂在下行干燥管3中混合并完成初步干燥后，进入风扇磨煤机4。原煤在风扇磨煤机4中被破碎成煤粉，同时也被干燥剂进一步干燥，风扇磨煤机4送出的风粉混合物进入风扇磨煤机4出口布置的粗粉分离器5，粗粉分离器5将粗大的煤粉颗粒送回风扇磨煤机4继续磨制，合格煤粉与乏气(温度降低即干燥能力降低后的干燥剂称为乏气)进入煤粉收集器9进行气固分离。煤粉收集器9分离出的煤粉落入煤粉仓8再经由给粉机10通过风粉混合器11送入送粉管道12，送往煤粉燃烧器13。[0032] 煤粉收集器9可采用采取必要的防爆措施的电气收尘器或布袋收尘器，事实上现有收尘器均可满足煤粉收集器对分离效率的要求，但在安全性方面需要采取必要的防爆措施，由于此类煤粉收集器(收尘器)为本领域技术人员习见手段，故在此不再赘述。[0033] 煤粉收集器9乏气出口输出的乏气通过乏气风机23经由乏气管道24送入集余热回收与水分回收为一体的乏气水回收及暖风装置25中。乏气与凝水、新鲜空气进行充分的换热，由于被冷却，乏气中所含的水蒸气经乏气水回收及暖风装置25冷却降温后成为液态凝结水，凝结水可通过排水孔排出并经水处理予以回用。[0034] 乏气水回收及暖风装置25所加热的新鲜空气通过温风管道29、温风旁路管道33，经由增压一次风机34送入风粉混合器11，或者经过阀门38送入煤粉燃烧器13。以上两种不同输送路径应取决于乏气水回收及暖风装置25的加热温度。[0035] 乏气水回收及暖风装置25中，凝水作为冷媒充分的吸收乏气中的热能，而被加热的凝水则返回系统中再次利用。[0036] 经过以上两次冷 却后，充分的回收了乏气蕴含的热能和水资源，被降温的乏气送往脱硫装置26，并通过烟® 27排放到大气中。[0037] 本实用新型所属领域的一般技术人员可以理解，本实用新型以上实施例仅为本实用新型的优选实施例之一，为篇幅限制，这里不能逐一列举所有实施方式，任何可以体现本实用新型权利要求技术方案的实施，都在本实用新型的保护范围内。[0038] 需要注意的是，以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本实用新型所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本实用新型的具体实施方式仅限于此，在上述实施例的指导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形落在本实用新型的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，所述燃煤系统至少包括依次串接连通的给煤机、干燥器、磨煤机、粗粉分离器、煤粉收集器、粉煤仓、风粉混合器以及锅炉，还包括混合室，该混合室的进气口至少连通所述锅炉炉膛上部的热烟抽口，其出气口连通所述干燥管，其特征在于，所述燃煤系统还包括乏气水回收及暖风装置，该乏气水回收及暖风装置内部形成相互隔离的乏气流动空间、冷媒流动空间以及空气流动空间，用于乏气、冷媒和空气进行热交换；所述乏气流动空间的入口通过乏气风机连通所述煤粉收集器，所述乏气流动空间的出口连通所述脱硫塔，所述乏气流动空间还设有供乏气凝水流出的排水口 ；所述空气流动空间的入口通过送风机与大气连通，所述空气流动空间的出口分为两路，其中一路通过二次风风箱连通所述锅炉的煤粉燃烧器，另一路通过增压一次风机连通到所述风粉混合器。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，其特征在于:所述混合室的第一进气口与所述热烟抽口连通，其第二进气口连通所述锅炉炉膛中部的中烟抽口，其第三进气口连通设在该锅炉烟道尾部的烟气除尘器。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，其特征在于:所述锅炉烟道内还设有空气预热器，该空气预热器的出口分为两路，其中一路连通到所述煤粉燃烧器，另一路连通到所述风粉混合器。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种煤中取水燃褐煤高效燃煤系统，其特征在于:所述空气流动空间的 出口还与所述脱硫塔连通。
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