WO2014157319A1 - 2次電池型燃料電池システム - Google Patents
2次電池型燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014157319A1 WO2014157319A1 PCT/JP2014/058502 JP2014058502W WO2014157319A1 WO 2014157319 A1 WO2014157319 A1 WO 2014157319A1 JP 2014058502 W JP2014058502 W JP 2014058502W WO 2014157319 A1 WO2014157319 A1 WO 2014157319A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- fuel cell
- unit
- power generation
- electrolysis
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery type fuel cell system capable of performing not only a power generation operation but also a charging operation.
- a fuel cell typically includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane using a solid polymer ion exchange membrane, a solid oxide electrolyte membrane using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a fuel electrode (anode) and an oxidizer electrode.
- the one sandwiched from both sides by the (cathode) has a single cell configuration.
- a fuel gas channel for supplying a fuel gas (for example, hydrogen) to the fuel electrode and an oxidant gas channel for supplying an oxidant gas (for example, oxygen or air) to the oxidant electrode are provided. Electric power is generated by supplying the fuel gas and the oxidant gas to the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode, respectively.
- Fuel cells are not only energy-saving because of the high efficiency of power energy that can be extracted in principle, but they are also a power generation system that is excellent in the environment, and are expected as a trump card for solving energy and environmental problems on a global scale.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery type fuel cell system in which a solid oxide fuel cell and a hydrogen generating member (iron) that generates hydrogen by an oxidation reaction and can be regenerated by a reduction reaction are combined.
- the hydrogen generating member (iron) generates hydrogen by an oxidation reaction with water during the power generation operation of the system
- the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generating member (iron) is a solid oxide fuel cell. Water generated by the hydrogen generating member (iron oxide) that is used in the power generation reaction of the system and generated by the reduction reaction with the hydrogen generating member (iron oxide) that is oxidized during the charging operation of the system. Is used for the electrolysis reaction of solid oxide fuel cells.
- the reaction at the hydrogen generating member (iron) is insufficient, the gas used for the reaction of the fuel cell is insufficiently supplied to the fuel cell.
- the oxidation reaction at the hydrogen generating member (iron) is insufficient, supply of hydrogen used for the reaction of the fuel cell to the fuel cell becomes insufficient. End up.
- V OPE V TH -V LOSS (1)
- the first term on the right side of the equation (2) is a value calculated from the resistance component r of the circuit and the operating current I OPE, and the second term on the right side of the equation (2) is applied to the fuel cell according to the Nernst equation. It is a value calculated by the partial pressure of each gas supplied.
- R is a gas constant
- T is an absolute temperature
- F is a Faraday constant
- P H2 is a partial pressure of hydrogen
- P H2O is a partial pressure of water vapor
- P O2 is a partial pressure of oxygen.
- the partial pressure P H2 of the hydrogen is lowered and the partial pressure P H2O of the water vapor is increased at the same time.
- the voltage loss V LOSS increases and the power generation efficiency of the system decreases.
- the operating voltage V OPE of the fuel cell is accompanied by an electrolysis reaction H 2 O ⁇ H 2 + (1/2) O 2 in the fuel cell as shown in the following equation (3).
- the theoretical voltage V TH calculated from the Gibbs free energy change becomes larger by the voltage loss V LOSS .
- V OPE V TH + V LOSS (3)
- the first term on the right side of the equation (4) is a value calculated from the resistance component r of the circuit and the operating current I OPE, and the second term on the right side of the equation (4) is applied to the fuel cell according to the Nernst equation. It is a value calculated by the partial pressure of each gas supplied.
- Patent Document 2 merely improves power conversion efficiency in a configuration in which a power converter (inverter) converts a DC output of a fuel cell into an AC output using a PWM signal. A technique for improving the efficiency of the secondary battery type fuel cell system is not disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses only a technique for improving the efficiency of the secondary battery type fuel cell system described above, in which only the fuel cell is intermittently driven when starting and stopping in order to prevent deterioration of the catalyst and the like. Absent.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery type fuel cell system with high efficiency.
- a secondary battery type fuel cell system reflecting one aspect of the present invention includes a fuel generating member that generates a fuel gas by a chemical reaction and can be regenerated by a reverse reaction of the chemical reaction, and an oxidizing agent.
- a power generation function for generating power using gas and the fuel gas supplied from the fuel generating member, and electrolysis for electrolyzing the product of the reverse reaction supplied from the fuel generating member during regeneration of the fuel generating member
- a secondary battery type fuel cell system comprising a power generation / electrolysis unit having a function and circulating a gas between the fuel generation member and the power generation / electrolysis unit, wherein the system starts operation.
- the power generation / electrolysis unit generates power in at least the normal operation mode of the normal operation mode for performing normal operation of the system and the stop mode for stopping operation of the system.
- the value of the power output from the power generation / electrolysis unit when performing, and / or the power supplied to the power generation / electrolysis unit when the power generation / electrolysis unit is performing electrolysis The value is changed with time.
- the reactivity of the fuel generating member is improved at least during the power generation operation and the charging operation of the system, and the gas used for the reaction in the power generation / electrolysis section is supplied to the power generation / electrolysis section.
- the efficiency of the secondary battery type fuel cell system is increased.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the secondary battery type fuel cell system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing the period of the time change of the value of the output electric power from a fuel cell part. It is a figure showing the period of the time change of the value of the output electric power from a fuel cell part. It is a figure showing the period of the time change of the value of the output electric power from a fuel cell part. It is a figure showing the period of the time change of the value of the output electric power from a fuel cell part.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment generates power by a reaction between a fuel generating member 1 that generates fuel gas by an oxidation reaction, an oxidant gas containing oxygen, and a fuel gas supplied from the fuel generating member 1.
- Gas circulates between the fuel cell part 2 that performs the fuel cell, the container 3 that houses the fuel generating member 1, the container 4 that houses the fuel cell part 2, and the fuel electrode 2B of the fuel generating member 1 and the fuel cell part 2.
- a pipe 5 provided between the container 3 and the container 4 is provided.
- a heater for adjusting the temperature, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature, or the like may be provided around the fuel generating member 1 or the fuel cell unit 2. Further, a pump, a blower or the like for forcibly flowing the gas is connected to the pipe 5, a pipe for supplying air as an oxidant gas to the oxidant electrode 2 ⁇ / b> C of the fuel cell unit 2, and an oxidant of the fuel cell unit 2 You may arrange
- the fuel generating member 1 for example, a fuel generating member made of a fine particle compressed body whose base material (main component) is iron can be used.
- the fuel cell unit 2 has, for example, a MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) structure in which a solid electrolyte that transmits O 2 ⁇ is sandwiched and a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode are formed on both sides.
- MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
- FIG. 1 illustrates a structure in which only one MEA is provided, a plurality of MEAs may be provided, or a plurality of MEAs may be stacked.
- a fuel generating member made of a fine particle compact whose base material (main component) is iron is used as the fuel generating member 1
- a solid oxide fuel cell unit is used as the fuel cell unit 2
- hydrogen is used as the fuel gas. The case where it is used will be described.
- the fuel cell unit 2 is electrically connected to the external load 9 during power generation of the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment.
- the following reaction (5) occurs in the fuel electrode 2 ⁇ / b> B during power generation of the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment.
- the fuel cell unit 2 performs a power generation operation. Further, as can be seen from the above equation (5), during the power generation operation of the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment, H 2 is consumed and H 2 O is generated on the fuel electrode 2B side. .
- the fuel generating member 1 is generated by H 2 generated on the fuel electrode 2B side of the fuel cell unit 2 during power generation of the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment by an oxidation reaction expressed by the following equation (8).
- O is consumed to produce H 2 . 3Fe + 4H 2 O ⁇ Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 (8)
- the fuel cell unit 2 is connected to the external power source 10 when charging the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment.
- an electrolysis reaction represented by the following formula (9), which is a reverse reaction of the formula (7) occurs, and the fuel electrode 2B On the side, H 2 O is consumed and H 2 is generated.
- the reduction reaction shown in the following formula (10) which is the reverse reaction of the oxidation reaction shown in the above formula (8), occurs, and the fuel cell unit H 2 generated on the fuel electrode 2B side of the second fuel is consumed and H 2 O is generated.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system includes a switch unit 6, a power generation circuit unit 7, and a charging circuit unit 8.
- the switch unit 6 electrically connects the fuel cell unit 2 and the power generation circuit unit 7 during the power generation operation of the system, and electrically connects the fuel cell unit 2 and the charging circuit unit 8 during the charging operation of the system.
- the power generation circuit unit 7 temporally changes the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 to a value larger and smaller than the required power of the external load 9 during the power generation operation of the system.
- the power generation circuit unit 7 includes a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) switching unit 71, a smoothing unit 72, a power measurement unit 73, a power monitoring unit 74, and a control unit 75.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- PWM switching unit 71 outputs PWM power to smoothing unit 72 based on an instruction from control unit 75. Thereby, the output power of the fuel cell unit 2 connected to the input side of the PWM switching unit 71 also becomes PWM power.
- the smoothing unit 72 smoothes the PWM power output from the PWM switching unit 71, converts it into DC power, and supplies it to the external load 9.
- the power measuring unit 73 measures the value of the DC power supplied from the smoothing unit 72 to the external load 9 and transmits the measurement result to the power monitoring unit 74.
- the power measurement unit 73 may transmit each value of the direct current and the direct voltage supplied from the smoothing unit 72 to the external load 9 to the power monitoring unit 74 as a measurement result.
- the power monitoring unit 74 compares the value of the DC power supplied from the smoothing unit 72 to the external load 9 and the value of the required power of the external load 9, and adjusts the duty ratio in PWM control according to the comparison result. .
- the charging circuit unit 8 converts the DC power supplied from the external power source 10 into power whose value changes with time during the charging operation of the system, and supplies the power to the fuel cell unit 2.
- the charging circuit unit 8 includes a power measurement unit 81, a PWM switching unit 82, a power monitoring unit 83, and a control unit 84.
- the power measuring unit 81 measures the value of DC power supplied from the external power supply 10 to the PWM switching unit 82 and transmits the measurement result to the power monitoring unit 83.
- the power measurement unit 81 may transmit each value of the direct current and the direct voltage supplied from the external power supply 10 to the PWM switching unit 82 to the power monitoring unit 83 as a measurement result.
- the PWM switching unit 82 converts DC power from the external power supply 10 into PWM power based on an instruction from the control unit 84 and outputs the PWM power. Therefore, the power supplied to the fuel cell unit 2 connected to the output side of the PWM switching unit 82 is PWM power.
- the power monitoring unit 83 compares the value of the DC power supplied from the external power supply 10 to the PWM switching unit 82 with the set value of the charging power, and adjusts the duty ratio in PWM control according to the comparison result To do.
- the power monitoring unit 83 acquires information related to the value of the set charging power.
- the external power supply 10 transmits information about its power supply capability to the power monitoring unit 83, and the power monitoring unit 83 sets the value of charging power based on the information transmitted from the external power supply 10, power monitoring A mode in which the charging power value set by the unit 83 during the charging operation of the system is stored in advance is conceivable.
- each PWM switching part 71 or 82 mentioned above can be comprised by the circuit shown, for example in FIG.
- the PWM switching unit of the configuration example shown in FIG. 4 includes a clock signal generation circuit 11, an integration circuit 12, a comparison circuit 13, and a switching element 14.
- the clock signal generation circuit 11 generates a clock signal (square wave signal) with a duty ratio of 50%.
- the integration circuit 12 is a circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitor, and an operational amplifier, and integrates the clock signal output from the clock signal generation circuit 11 to generate a triangular wave signal.
- a bias voltage V B is supplied to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier provided in the integrating circuit 12.
- the comparison circuit 13 is a circuit composed of an operational amplifier and a resistor, and compares the triangular wave signal V 12 output from the integration circuit 12 with the control voltage V C sent from the control unit 75 or 84.
- the PWM signal V 13 indicating the comparison result is output to the control terminal of the switching element 14. Therefore, the duty ratio of the PWM signal V 13 changes according to the value of the control voltage V C.
- FIG. 5A shows the triangular wave signal V 12 , the control voltage V C , and the PWM signal V 13 when the duty ratio of the PWM signal V 13 is 25%, and the duty ratio of the PWM signal V 13 is 75%.
- the triangular wave signal V 12 , the control voltage V C , and the PWM signal V 13 are shown in FIG. 5B.
- the smoothing unit 72 described above can be configured by a circuit shown in FIG. 6, for example.
- the smoothing unit in the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 6 is a low-pass filter circuit including a resistor, a capacitor, and an operational amplifier.
- the resistance value of each resistor and the capacitance of each capacitor provided in the smoothing unit of the configuration example shown in FIG. When set to about 100 ⁇ F, for example, an attenuation characteristic of about 30 dB at 10 Hz can be obtained, and a sufficient smoothing effect can be obtained.
- the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 during the power generation operation of the system is set to a value larger and smaller than the required power of the external load 9.
- the DC power supplied from the external power source 10 is converted into the power whose value changes in time and supplied to the fuel cell unit 2.
- the composition ratio of the gas from the fuel electrode 2B of the fuel cell unit 2 toward the fuel generating member 1 can be distributed as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 the composition ratio of the gas at a certain moment in the pipe in which the gas flows from the fuel cell unit 2 toward the fuel generating member 1 is shown in light and shade.
- the dark portion is a region where the partial pressure of hydrogen is high and the partial pressure of water vapor is low
- the thin portion is a region where the partial pressure of hydrogen is low and the partial pressure of water vapor is high.
- the composition ratio of the gas supplied to the fuel generating member 1 changes, and the diffusion of the gas in the fuel generating member 1 is promoted. Specifically, during the power generation operation, when the value of the PWM power output from the fuel cell unit 2 is larger than the required power of the external load 9, the amount of hydrogen consumed by power generation on the fuel electrode 2B side And since there is much quantity of the water vapor
- the value of the PWM power output from the fuel cell unit 2 is smaller than the required power of the external load 9
- the amount of hydrogen consumed on the fuel electrode 2B side and the amount of water vapor generated are small.
- the partial pressure of the hydrogen of the gas sent to the fuel generating member 1 is higher than when the value of the PWM power output from the fuel cell unit 2 is larger than the required power of the external load 9 (darker in FIG. 7). portion).
- the value of DC power supplied from the external power supply 10 is large during the charging operation, the amount of water vapor electrolyzed on the fuel electrode 2B side and the amount of hydrogen generated by electrolysis are large. The partial pressure increases.
- the value of the DC power supplied from the external power source 10 is small, the amount of water vapor decomposed on the fuel electrode 2B side and the amount of hydrogen generated are small, so the value of the DC power supplied from the external power source 10 is small.
- the partial pressure of hydrogen supplied to the fuel generating member 1 is lower than when the value is large.
- the reactivity of the fuel generating member 1 is improved both during the power generation operation and the charging operation of the system, and the hydrogen fuel cell used for the power generation reaction in the fuel cell unit 2 during the power generation operation of the system.
- Supply to the unit 2 increases, and during the charging operation of the system, supply of water vapor used for the electrolysis reaction in the fuel cell unit 2 to the fuel cell unit 2 increases. As a result, the power generation efficiency and charging efficiency of the fuel cell system are increased.
- the period in which the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 and the value of the power supplied to the fuel cell unit 2 change with time is preferably 1 Hz or more and less than 1 kHz in order to increase the gas diffusion effect. More preferred is about Hz to several hundred Hz.
- the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 is temporally changed in a short cycle between a value larger than the required power of the external load 9 and a smaller value.
- the value of the electric power output from the fuel cell part 2 is changed temporally, it is not necessarily limited to this form.
- the value of the electric power output from the fuel cell unit 2 changes over time between a range of values larger than the required power of the external load 9 and a range of small values.
- PWM control is used to temporally change the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 and the value of the power supplied to the fuel cell unit 2, but other methods are used.
- the value of power output from the fuel cell unit 2 and the value of power supplied to the fuel cell unit 2 may be changed with time.
- the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 is changed temporally between a value larger than the required power of the external load 9 and a smaller value. Even when only one of converting DC power supplied from the external power supply 10 into power whose value changes with time and supplying it to the fuel cell unit 2 during the charging operation of the system is conventionally performed Compared to the system efficiency.
- the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 is always changed to a value larger and smaller than the required power of the external load 9 during the system operation.
- the DC power supplied from the external power supply 10 is converted into power whose value changes with time and supplied to the fuel cell unit 2.
- the value of the power output from the fuel cell unit 2 is set to a value larger and smaller than the required power of the external load 9 only in the normal operation mode in which the system is normally operated.
- a startup mode for starting the operation of the system by changing the DC power supplied from the external power supply 10 to the power that is converted to the power that changes in time and supplied to the fuel cell unit 2; In the stop mode in which the system operation is stopped, the power value does not necessarily change with time. This is because the partial pressure ratio of the gas naturally changes to some extent at the start of operation of the system, at the time of stoppage, and at the time of switching between power generation and charging without active control.
- a direct current operation mode corresponding to the normal operation in the conventional fuel cell system is provided. It may be provided.
- DC operation mode DC power is output from the fuel cell unit 2 during the power generation operation of the system, and DC power is supplied to the fuel cell unit 2 during the charging operation of the system.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration of a secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment does not include the power generation circuit unit 7 and the charging circuit unit 8, and the switch unit 6 connects the fuel cell unit 2 and the variable external load 15 during the power generation operation of the system.
- the configuration is the same as that of the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the first embodiment except that the switch unit 6 connects the fuel cell unit 2 and the variable external power source 16 during the charging operation of the system.
- the variable external load 15 is an external load in which the value of the required power changes with time.
- a load that directly operates with AC output power of a general commercial power source such as a fluorescent lamp can be cited.
- the variable external power supply 16 is an external power supply that supplies electric power whose value changes with time to an electric power supply destination, and examples thereof include a natural energy power generation device such as a wind power generation device or a solar power generation device.
- the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the present embodiment has the same effects as the secondary battery type fuel cell system according to the first embodiment, and can simplify the circuit configuration as compared with the first embodiment. it can. That is, since the variable external load 15 or the variable external power supply 16 requests or supplies power with a value that changes with time, the fuel cell unit 2 outputs power that the fuel cell unit 2 outputs according to the value of the changing power. Or the value of the supplied power varies with time. As a result, the partial pressure ratio of the gas supplied to the fuel generating member 1 changes. Therefore, the PWM switching unit 71 and the smoothing unit 72 in the first embodiment can be omitted in this embodiment.
- a power conversion unit for example, a power frequency changing circuit, a power amplitude changing circuit, or the like that converts electric power whose value changes with time into other electric power whose value changes with time may be provided.
- the switch unit 6 and the variable external power source 16 are used. Between them, there may be provided a “power conversion unit (for example, a power frequency changing circuit, a power amplitude changing circuit, etc.) for converting power whose value changes with time into other power whose value changes with time” Good.
- a “power conversion unit for example, a power frequency changing circuit, a power amplitude changing circuit, etc.
- FIG. 9 shows, as an example during power generation, the period a of the temporal change in the value of the required power of the variable external load 15 and the time of the value of the output power from the fuel cell unit 2 when a power frequency changing circuit is provided Represents the period b of the mechanical change.
- FIG. 10 shows the period a of the temporal change in the value of the required power of the variable external load 15 and the temporal change in the value of the output power from the fuel cell unit 2 when the power amplitude change circuit is provided. It is the figure which compared the period b.
- the difference power between the output power from the fuel cell unit 2 and the required power of the variable external load 15 may be supplied to a load other than the variable external load 15 or stored in a power storage device, for example.
- the power conversion unit it is possible to control the period of temporal change in the value of the output power from the fuel cell unit 2 to a level suitable for increasing the gas diffusion effect.
- the change in the partial pressure ratio of the gas is temporally related to the temporal change in the value of the required power.
- the value of the power actually output with respect to the temporal change in the required power value due to, for example, a gradual change in the partial pressure ratio of the gas with respect to the temporal change rate of the required power value.
- the value of the output power from the fuel cell unit 2 is changed in the circuit so that the rise of each amplitude is faster and larger than the required power in the circuit.
- the temporal change in the value of the power supplied to the power supply may be as close as possible to the temporal change in the value of the required power.
- FIG. 11 shows the period a of the temporal change in the value of the required power of the variable external load 15 and the temporal change b in the value of the output power from the fuel cell unit 2.
- variable external power source 16 when a natural energy power generation device such as a wind power generation device or a solar power generation device is used as the variable external power source 16, the temporal change in the output power of the variable external power source 16 is often irregular and difficult to predict. In that case, even if a power conversion unit is provided, it is difficult to control the period of temporal change in the value of the output power from the fuel cell unit 2 to a level suitable for enhancing the gas diffusion effect. It may become. As a solution in that case, for example, the following configuration may be adopted.
- the output power of the variable external power supply 16 can be directly or power converted. If at least one of the cycle and the amplitude of the output power of the variable external power supply 16 is outside the predetermined range, the output power of the variable external power supply 16 is used as a load or power storage other than the fuel cell unit 2. Supply to the device. When at least one of the period and amplitude of the output voltage of the variable external power supply 16 is outside the predetermined range, the magnitude and timing of the power supplied to the fuel cell may be adjusted as appropriate according to the fluctuation.
- a solid oxide electrolyte is used as the solid electrolyte 2A of the fuel cell unit 2, and water is generated on the fuel electrode 2B side during power generation. According to this configuration, water is generated on the side where the fuel generating member 1 is provided, which is advantageous for simplification and miniaturization of the apparatus.
- a solid polymer electrolyte that allows hydrogen ions to pass through may be used as the solid electrolyte 2A of the fuel cell unit 2.
- a flow path for propagating this water to the fuel generation unit 1 may be provided.
- one fuel cell unit 2 performs both power generation and water electrolysis.
- a fuel cell for example, a solid oxide fuel cell dedicated to power generation
- a water electrolyzer for example, water
- a solid oxide fuel cell dedicated for electrolysis may be connected to the fuel generating member 1 in parallel on the gas flow path.
- the fuel gas of the fuel cell unit 2 is hydrogen, but a reducing gas other than hydrogen such as carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon may be used as the fuel gas of the fuel cell unit 2.
- the fuel generating member 1 and the fuel cell unit 2 are housed in separate containers, but they may be housed in the same container. Furthermore, without providing a space between the fuel generating member 1 and the fuel cell unit 2, the fuel generating member 1 and the fuel electrode 2B of the fuel cell unit 2 may be in contact with each other. Even in this case, gas diffusion occurs when the gas flows into the fuel generating member 1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
VOPE=VTH-VLOSS ・・・(1)
VOPE=VTH+VLOSS ・・・(3)
本発明の第1実施形態に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムの概略構成を図1に示す。本実施形態に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムは、酸化反応により燃料ガスを発生する燃料発生部材1と、酸素を含む酸化剤ガスと燃料発生部材1から供給される燃料ガスとの反応により発電を行う燃料電池部2と、燃料発生部材1を収容する容器3と、燃料電池部2を収容する容器4と、燃料発生部材1と燃料電池部2の燃料極2Bとの間でガスが流通するように容器3と容器4の間に設けられる配管5とを備えている。
H2+O2-→H2O+2e- …(5)
1/2O2+2e-→O2- …(6)
H2+(1/2)O2→H2O …(7)
3Fe+4H2O→Fe3O4+4H2 …(8)
H2O→H2+(1/2)O2 …(9)
Fe3O4+4H2→3Fe+4H2O …(10)
本発明の第2実施形態に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムの概略構成を図8に示す。本実施形態に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムは、発電回路部7及び充電回路部8を備えておらず、システムの発電動作時にスイッチ部6が燃料電池部2と変動外部負荷15とを接続し、システムの充電動作時にスイッチ部6が燃料電池部2と変動外部電源16とを接続する以外は第1実施形態に係る2次電池型燃料電池システムと同様の構成である。
上述した実施形態においては、燃料電池部2の固体電解質2Aとして固体酸化物電解質を用いて、発電の際に燃料極2B側で水を発生させるようにする。この構成によれば、燃料発生部材1が設けられた側で水を発生するため、装置の簡素化や小型化に有利である。一方、特開2009-99491号公報に開示された燃料電池のように、燃料電池部2の固体電解質2Aとして水素イオンを通す固体高分子電解質を用いることも可能である。但し、この場合には、発電の際に燃料電池部2の酸化剤極2C側で水が発生されることになるため、この水を燃料発生部1に伝搬する流路を設ければよい。
2 燃料電池部
2A 固体電解質
2B 燃料極
2C 酸化剤極
3、4 容器
5 配管
6 スイッチ部
7 発電回路部
8 充電回路部
9 外部負荷
10 外部電源
11 クロック信号発生回路
12 積分回路
13 比較回路
14 スイッチング素子
15 変動外部負荷
16 変動外部電源
71、82 PWMスイッチング部
72 平滑部
73、81 電力測定部
74、83 電力監視部
75、84 制御部
Claims (8)
- 化学反応により燃料ガスを発生し、前記化学反応の逆反応により再生可能な燃料発生部材と、
酸化剤ガスと前記燃料発生部材から供給される前記燃料ガスとを用いて発電を行う発電機能及び前記燃料発生部材の再生時に前記燃料発生部材から供給される前記逆反応の生成物を電気分解する電気分解機能を有する発電・電気分解部とを備え、
前記燃料発生部材と前記発電・電気分解部との間でガスを循環させる2次電池型燃料電池システムであって、
システムの運転を開始する起動モード、システムの通常運転を行う通常運転モード、及びシステムの運転を停止する停止モードのうち少なくとも前記通常運転モードにおいて、
前記発電・電気分解部が発電を行っているときに前記発電・電気分解部から出力される電力の値、及び/又は、前記発電・電気分解部が電気分解を行っているときに前記発電・電気分解部に供給される電力の値を時間的に変化させることを特徴とする2次電池型燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電・電気分解部から出力される電力を平滑化する平滑部を備え、
前記起動モード、前記通常運転モード、及び前記停止モードのうち少なくとも前記通常運転モードにおいて、
前記発電・電気分解部が発電を行っているときに、前記発電・電気分解部から出力される電力の値を、外部負荷の要求電力よりも大きい値と小さい値とに時間的に変化させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電・電気分解部が発電を行っているときに、要求電力の値が時間的に変化する外部負荷と前記発電・電気分解部とを、両者の間に直流電力を時間的に値が変化する電力に変換する第1電力変換部を設けずに接続することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電・電気分解部が発電を行っているときに、要求電力の値が時間的に変化する外部負荷と前記発電・電気分解部とを、両者の間に時間的に値が変化する電力を時間的に値が変化する他の電力に変換する第2電力変換部を設けずに接続することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。
- 外部電源から供給される直流電力を時間的に値が変化する電力に変換する第3電力変換部を備え、
前記起動モード、前記通常運転モード、及び前記停止モードのうち少なくとも前記通常運転モードにおいて、
前記発電・電気分解部が電気分解を行っているときに、前記第3電力変換部から出力される電力を、前記発電・電気分解部に供給することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電・電気分解部が電気分解を行っているときに、時間的に値が変化する電力を電力供給先に供給する外部電源と前記発電・電気分解部とを、両者の間に時間的に値が変化する電力を直流電力に変換する第4電力変換部を設けずに接続することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電・電気分解部が電気分解を行っているときに、時間的に値が変化する電力を電力供給先に供給する外部電源と前記発電・電気分解部とを、両者の間に時間的に値が変化する電力を時間的に値が変化する他の電力に変換する第5電力変換部を設けずに接続することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電・電気分解部が発電を行っているときに前記発電・電気分解部から出力される電力の値、及び/又は、前記発電・電気分解部が電気分解を行っているときに前記発電・電気分解部に供給される電力の値が時間的に変化する周期は、1Hz以上1kHz未満であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の2次電池型燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015508580A JPWO2014157319A1 (ja) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-26 | 2次電池型燃料電池システム |
US14/779,828 US20160056489A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-26 | Secondary Battery Type Fuel Cell System |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013066466 | 2013-03-27 | ||
JP2013-066466 | 2013-03-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014157319A1 true WO2014157319A1 (ja) | 2014-10-02 |
Family
ID=51624282
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2014/058502 WO2014157319A1 (ja) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-26 | 2次電池型燃料電池システム |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160056489A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2014157319A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014157319A1 (ja) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002313388A (ja) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の制御方法と燃料電池電気車両 |
JP2003113488A (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-18 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | 電解浄水器 |
JP2009117170A (ja) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 水素製造発電システム及びその負荷追従発電方法 |
JP2010277747A (ja) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム用冷却装置 |
WO2011158614A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-22 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 燃料電池装置及びこれを備えた燃料電池システム |
JP2012117140A (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-21 | Takasago Thermal Eng Co Ltd | 水素製造セル及び水素製造装置 |
WO2012111046A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-08-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムとこれを搭載した車両 |
JP2012171854A (ja) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-09-10 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 気体又は液体の処理体及びそれを備える燃料電池システム |
JP2012199249A (ja) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-18 | Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp | 燃料電池制御装置 |
-
2014
- 2014-03-26 WO PCT/JP2014/058502 patent/WO2014157319A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-03-26 JP JP2015508580A patent/JPWO2014157319A1/ja active Pending
- 2014-03-26 US US14/779,828 patent/US20160056489A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002313388A (ja) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の制御方法と燃料電池電気車両 |
JP2003113488A (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-18 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | 電解浄水器 |
JP2009117170A (ja) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 水素製造発電システム及びその負荷追従発電方法 |
JP2010277747A (ja) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム用冷却装置 |
WO2011158614A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-22 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 燃料電池装置及びこれを備えた燃料電池システム |
JP2012117140A (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-21 | Takasago Thermal Eng Co Ltd | 水素製造セル及び水素製造装置 |
WO2012111046A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-08-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムとこれを搭載した車両 |
JP2012171854A (ja) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-09-10 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 気体又は液体の処理体及びそれを備える燃料電池システム |
JP2012199249A (ja) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-18 | Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp | 燃料電池制御装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160056489A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
JPWO2014157319A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8663861B2 (en) | Fuel cell system and control method therefor | |
KR101887787B1 (ko) | 연료전지 스택 진단용 교류 전류 생성 장치 및 방법 | |
JP2000357526A (ja) | 燃料電池発電装置およびそのセルスタックの劣化診断方法 | |
JP5505583B1 (ja) | 2次電池型燃料電池システム | |
JP7229476B2 (ja) | 水素発生システム | |
EP1990885A2 (en) | Grid-connected fuel cell system and load using the same | |
JP2012129031A (ja) | 2次電池型燃料電池システム | |
JP5198412B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの運転方法 | |
WO2014157319A1 (ja) | 2次電池型燃料電池システム | |
CN107251296B (zh) | 去除在加液体烃燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池中的含碳沉积物的方法和燃料电池系统 | |
JP5344218B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 | |
KR101656993B1 (ko) | 실시간 부하 추종이 가능한 연료전지 시스템 및 그 제어 방법 | |
US20100190077A1 (en) | Fuel cell system and electronic apparatus | |
US20150207163A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus of an anode/cathode (a/c) junction fuel cell with solid electrolyte | |
KR20090076255A (ko) | 연료전지의 최적 운전 조건 검출 및 설정 장치, 및 그 제어방법 | |
JP5895736B2 (ja) | 2次電池型燃料電池システム及びそれを備えた給電システム | |
KR101418423B1 (ko) | 연료 전지 스택 과부하 감지 시스템 및 그 방법 | |
JP2008103227A (ja) | 電源装置 | |
JP2008195598A (ja) | 水素発生装置及び燃料電池発電システム | |
JP2014154358A (ja) | 2次電池型燃料電池システム | |
WO2014188904A1 (ja) | 給電システム | |
JP5803857B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
CN114335612A (zh) | 一种醇类燃料电池供液系统及其工作方法 | |
JP2021180153A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
KR20070093279A (ko) | 성능회복장치를 장착한 연료전지 시스템 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14775734 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015508580 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14779828 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 14775734 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |