Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
  • A61K31/27—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
  • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
  • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
  • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
  • A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/7053—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl, polyisobutylene, polystyrene
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
  • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
  • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
  • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
  • A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/7053—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl, polyisobutylene, polystyrene
  • A61K9/7061—Polyacrylates
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a transdermal drug delivery system comprising rivastigmine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and method of making the same.
• Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by deficits in multiple areas of cognition that cannot be explained by normal aging, a noticeable decline in function, and an absence of delirium.
• Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are forms of dementia that gradually gets worse over time. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior.
• neurons connect and communicate at synapses, where tiny bursts of chemicals called neurotransmitters carry information from one cell to another. Alzheimer's disrupts this process, and eventually destroys synapses and kills neurons, damaging the brain's communication network.
• Alzheimer's disease damages or destroys cells that produce and use acetylcholine, thereby reducing the amount available to carry messages.
• a cholinesterase inhibitor slows the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase. By maintaining acetylcholine levels, the drug may help compensate for the loss of functioning brain cells.
• rivastigmine has been available in capsule and liquid formulations since 1997. In 2006 it became the first product approved globally for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, and in 2007 the rivastigmine transdermal patch became the first patch treatment for dementia. In patients with either type of dementia (i.e. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients), rivastigmine has been known to provide meaningful symptomatic effects that may allow patients to remain independent and 'be themselves' for longer. Rivastigmine is believed to work by blocking the activity of another enzyme involved in the breaking down of acetylcholine.
• Rivastigmine transdermal patch is sold under the trade name Exelon, which is a double layer composition, where the first layer comprises the rivastigmine in polyacrylate and methacrylate matrix with an antioxidant such as alpha-tocopherol, and where the second layer comprises a silicon base adhesive.
• Exelon is a double layer composition, where the first layer comprises the rivastigmine in polyacrylate and methacrylate matrix with an antioxidant such as alpha-tocopherol, and where the second layer comprises a silicon base adhesive.
• the Exelon patch can cause
• the present invention provides a transdermal drug delivery system comprising rivastigmine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the present invention not only provides high skin penetration rate but also continuous maintenance of a therapeutically effective blood concentration for at least 24 hours. Additionally, the present invention provides a transdermal drug delivery system which can inhibit recrystallization of rivastigmine while maintaining skin penetration rate intact, even during long-term storage. Further, the present invention maintains stability and adhesion strength without requiring any antioxidants and additional adhesive layers.
• the present invention provides a rivastigmine-containing transdermal drug delivery system having high skin penetration rate continuously up to or for more than 24 hours with excellent stability.
• FIG. 1 shows the stability study of the formulations RN-3, RN-4, RN-5, RN-6, RN-7 and RN-8 found in Table 1 at 60°C and at 40°C;
• FIG . 2 shows the stability of the formulations RN- 11 , RN- 14 and RN- 17 found in
• FIG. 3 shows the stability of the formulations RN-18, RN-19 and RN-20 found in Table 4 at 60°C and at 40°C compared to the Exelon patch;
• FIG. 4 shows comparative in vitro human skin permeation results of RN-18 and the Exelon patch found in Table 6;
• FIG. 5 shows comparative data of formulation RN-18 and the Exelon patch
• FIG. 6 shows comparative formula and Stability study of RN-18 and the Exelon patch.
• a transdermal drug delivery system comprising a drug-containing matrix layer comprising rivastigmine or its
• the transdermal drug delivery system may comprise a backing layer, a drug-containing matrix layer and a release layer.
• acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer adhesives refers to an acrylic polymer grafted with a hydrocarbon macromer including.
• the acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer according to the invention may be an acrylic polymer comprising a C4-18 alkyl acrylate monomer grafted with a hydrocarbon macromer having a glass transition temperature of no more than -30°C.
• the acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer adhesive may be present in an amount ranging from about 60 to about 95% by weight based on the total weight of the drug-containing matrix layer, alternatively may be present from about 70 to about 90%, or from about 75 to about 85%.
• the acrylic- hydrocarbon hybrid polymer adhesive of the invention may be one or more selected from commercially available acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymers, i.e. Duro-TakTM 87-502B (National Starch) and Duro-TakTM 87-504B (National Starch), Duro-TakTM 87-502A
• the acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer is used as an adhesive and the acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer adhesive forms a matrix in the drug-containing matrix layer.
• rivastigmine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is homogenously dispersed in the acrylic- hydrocarbon hybrid polymer adhesive thereby forming the drug-containing matrix layer.
• acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid adhesives used can be include the three different types as provided in Table A (below), which can be classified according to the presence of a cross-liking agent and a tackifier. Also, it can be distinguished by two groups of solvent system (Table B). The compositions of two solvent systems [Group A (502A, 503 A and 504B) & Group B (502B and 504B)] are described in Table B. During the formulation development, the solid part of adhesive is dissolved in the solvents, which the drug substance and other excipients can be dissolved in. Table A. Types of Hybrid Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA)
• PSA Hybrid Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
• the formulation for developing a transdermal patch should be modified significantly according to the solvent compositions. Since their physical properties and the compatibility of adhesives to drug substance were changed, their formulation development of patch should be
• the matrix formed from the acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer having low glass transition temperature according to the invention can improve the flexibility of polymer chains increases the diffusion rate of the active ingredient, i.e. rivastigmine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the acrylic- hydrocarbon hybrid polymer provides higher skin penetration rate and excellent adhesive force, when compared to using only acrylic adhesives having no functional groups (e.g., Duro-TakTM 87-4098, Duro-TakTM 87-900A, Duro-TakTM 87-9301, etc.) or other types of acrylic adhesives having hydroxyl or carboxyl functional group (e.g., Duro-TakTM 87-2516, Duro-TakTM 87-2510, Duro-TakTM 87-2525, Duro-TakTM 87-2596, Duro-TakTM 87-2825, Duro-TakTM 87-2502, Duro-TakTM 87-2979, Duro-TakTM 87-2074, Duro-TakTM 87-2353 etc.).
• acrylic adhesives having no functional groups e.g., Duro-TakTM 87-4098, Duro-TakTM 87-900A, Duro-TakTM 87-9301, etc.
• the acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer adhesive may be used in an amount sufficient to form a matrix layer, for example, in an amount ranging from about 60% to about 90% by weight based on the total weight of the drug-containing matrix layer, alternatively may be present from about 70 to about 90%>, or from about 75 to about 85%.
• rivastigmine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be present in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 40% based on the total weight of the drug-containing matrix layer. In an embodiment rivastigmine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be present in an amount ranging from about 7 to about 30%, or from about 10 to about 20%.
• drug crystals may be formed in the transdermal drug delivery system, which results in reducing adhesive force or lowering absorption rate of the drug.
• the transdermal drug delivery system according to the present invention may comprise an absorption enhancer used in the field of transdermal drug delivery system.
• the absorption enhancer may be present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 20% by weight, preferably from about 5% to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the drug-containing matrix layer. If the amount of the absorption enhancer is more than 20% by weight, adhesive force may be reduced or cold flow may occur due to the weakened cohesive force.
• the transdermal drug delivery system according to the present invention may further comprise one or more absorption enhancers selected from among terpenes, surfactants, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, fatty alcohols, sugar esters, glycerols, alkyl 2-ethyl hexanates and diethoxyethyl succinates.
• the absorption enhancers may be present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the drug- containing matrix layer.
• the absorption enhancer may be one or more selected from among polyethylene glycol palm kernel glyceride, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyglyceryl-3- oleate, lauryl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.
• terpenes examples include cineole, limonene, etc.
• surfactants include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, 2-(2- ethoxyethoxy) ethanol, oleic acid oleyl ester, caprylocaproyl macrogolglyceride, oleoyl macrogolglyceride, diisopropyl dirrerate, diisopropyl adipate, hexyl laurate, polysorbate, sorbitan oleate, etc.
• polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers examples include polyethylene glycol palm kernel glyceride, 2-ethyl hexyl hydroxystearate, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, etc.
• fatty alcohols examples include polyglyceryl-3 oleate, polyethylene glycol almond glyceride, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, etc.
• sugar esters examples include sucrose stearate, sucrose palmitate, sucrose laurate, sucrose behenate, sucrose oleate, sucrose erucate, etc.
• alkyl 2-ethyl hexanates examples include 2-ethylhexanonate, cetyl 2- ethylhexanonate, stearyl 2-ethylhexanonate, etc.
• the absorption enhancer may be one or more selected from among polyethylene glycol palm kernel glyceride (e.g.
• CrovolTM A40 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (e.g. BrijTM 30, BrijTM 52, etc), polyglyceryl-3 oleate (e.g. Plural oleiqueTM cc497), lauryl alcohol, and oleyl alcohol.
• polyoxyethylene lauryl ether e.g. BrijTM 30
• Some of the advantages conferred by the present invention include, for example, increased diffusion rate of rivastigmine from the matrix layer, high skin penetration rate, continuous maintenance of a therapeutically effective blood concentration for at least 24 hours, inhibition of recrystallization of rivastigmine, maintenance of skin penetration rate even during long-term storage, improvement of drug compliance of patients. Further advantages include, for example, easy manufacture as it is a single layer, less dosing required due to high permeation (e.g., less drug content needed to deliver such as 30% less than Exelon's patch). Moreover, the size of the patch according to the invention can range from about 2.5 cm 2 to about 20 cm 2 , e.g. 3.5, 5, 7, 10 10.5, or 15 cm 2 , depending on the area to be applied.
• Rivastigmine which is marketed under the trade name Exelon, is a reversible acetylcholinesterase (ACE) inhibitor which treats mild to moderate dementia of the
• Rivastigmine increased cortical acetylcholine thereby improving transmission of electrical signals across certain areas of the brain. However, it has a short half-life, i.e. about 1.5 hours.
• the present invention provides for a 1-Day patch which prolongs the duration of the drug over a period of 24 hours.
• a 1-Day patch which prolongs the duration of the drug over a period of 24 hours.
• the present inventions provides for a more consistent drug plasma profile versus that of the oral dosage form, which has a short half-life of about 1.5 hour.
• the present invention allows for topical application which avoids
• topical application bypasses the first-pass liver metabolism side effects.
• the transdermal drug delivery system of the present invention may be prepared by forming the drug-containing matrix layer on a release layer and then forming a backing layer thereon.
• a release layer conventional release liners or their laminates used in the field of transdermal drug delivery system may be used.
• a film, a paper or laminates thereof which are made of polyethylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, etc. coated with silicon resin or fluoride resin.
• transdermal drug delivery system may be used as the backing layer (also referred to as "backing membrane”).
• they may be polyolefin, polyether, multi-layer ethylene vinyl acetate film, polyester, polyurethane, etc.
• the transdermal drug delivery system of the present invention may be prepared, for example, by dissolving rivastigmine or its pharmaceutically acceptable slat and an acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer adhesive, optionally along with an absorption enhancer in an appropriate solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate), casting the resulting solution on a release liner coated with silicon followed by drying the mixture and then laminating a backing layer.
• an appropriate solvent e.g., ethyl acetate
• Mixture A to a solution of rivastigmine base in ethyl acetate, an enhancer was added.
• Mixture B to Mixture A, a hybrid adhesive (Henkel, USA) was further added and stirred thoroughly until a uniform Mixture C was obtained.
• Drug-Adhesive Matrix Layer Mixture C was cast on release liner (3M Scotchpak 1022) coated with silicone and all solvents were removed by evaporation at room temperature for 20 minutes and subsequently oven-dried at 80°C for 15 minutes.
• a backing film which consists of a translucent flexible polyethylene film (3M Cotran 9735) was also laminated on the drug-adhesive matrix layer.
• the obtained laminated sheet was cut into a size of 10 cm 2 by a die-cutting machine.
• the dug loading was adjusted to 18 mg/cm 2 per unit area.
• the complete patch was immediately pouched with PET/AL/PAN packaging material.
• Lauroglycol 90 Propylene glycol monolaurate, Plurol oleique CC 497: Polyglyceryl-3 dioleate, Labrasol: Caprylocaproyl polyoxyl-8 glycerides
• the patch's peel adhesion value was measured using Instron or a texture analyzer, and then classified as being sufficient, slightly sufficient or insufficient.
• FIG. 1 shows the stability of drug content of the above formulations in different conditions.
• FIG. 2 shows the stability of drug content of the above formulations in different conditions.
• FIG. 3 shows the stability of drug content of the above formulations in different conditions.
• Table 6 shows that RN-18 used only 14% of drug compared to Exelon, which is known to use 30%. Additionally, RN-18 still showed comparable skin permeation rate to that of Exelon's patch.
• the acrylic-hydrocarbon hybrid polymer according to the invention provided significantly high skin permeation rate compared to other adhesive, such as Exelon's acrylate.

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• 2014
  • 2014-03-14 EP EP14767757.9A patent/EP2968248A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-03-14 WO PCT/US2014/027357 patent/WO2014152454A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-03-14 CN CN201480016186.8A patent/CN105263488A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-03-14 JP JP2016502413A patent/JP6391664B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-03-14 KR KR1020157029269A patent/KR20160005024A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-03-14 TW TW103109270A patent/TWI635876B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2014-03-14 CA CA2906796A patent/CA2906796A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-03-14 US US14/211,373 patent/US20140271866A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-03-14 AU AU2014239687A patent/AU2014239687B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-03-14 HK HK16107997.0A patent/HK1220109A1/zh unknown

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