WO2014148259A1 - 太陽熱集熱システム - Google Patents
太陽熱集熱システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014148259A1 WO2014148259A1 PCT/JP2014/055627 JP2014055627W WO2014148259A1 WO 2014148259 A1 WO2014148259 A1 WO 2014148259A1 JP 2014055627 W JP2014055627 W JP 2014055627W WO 2014148259 A1 WO2014148259 A1 WO 2014148259A1
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- temperature
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- heat
- temperature heat
- heat collector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
- F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
- F24S40/52—Preventing overheating or overpressure by modifying the heat collection, e.g. by defocusing or by changing the position of heat-receiving elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
- F24S40/55—Arrangements for cooling, e.g. by using external heat dissipating means or internal cooling circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
- F24S70/65—Combinations of two or more absorbing elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
- F24S2020/23—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants movable or adjustable
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar heat collection system that collects heat from the sun and generates steam with the heat.
- Patent Document 1 As background art in this technical field, for example, there is International Publication No. WO2013 / 002054 (Patent Document 1).
- This pamphlet includes a low-temperature heating device that heats water supplied from a water supply pump by the heat of sunlight, a brackish water separation device that separates water-steam two-phase fluid generated by the low-temperature heating device into water and steam,
- a solar heat collecting system is described that includes a high-temperature heating device that heats steam separated by a brackish water separator with the heat of sunlight, and a circulation pump that supplies water separated by the brackish water separator to a low-temperature heating device. (See summary).
- FIG. 15 shows changes in the apparatus inlet (outlet) steam flow rate, (e) high temperature collector metal temperature, and (f) high temperature collector outlet steam temperature.
- the low-temperature heat collector and the high-temperature heat collector are activated, respectively.
- the metal temperature of the heat collector begins to increase.
- the water supplied to the low-temperature heat collector is heated to the saturated steam temperature at time t3, and the water-steam two-phase fluid that has reached the saturation temperature is separated into steam and water by the brackish water separator (FIG. 15 (c)).
- time t1 and t4 are slightly later than t3
- no steam has yet flowed into the high-temperature heat collector, and the metal temperature continues to rise. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described actual situation, and an object thereof is to reduce the risk of damage to the heat transfer tubes of the high-temperature heat collecting device in the solar heat collecting system.
- the first means of the present invention includes a low-temperature heat collector that generates steam by heating supplied water with the heat of sunlight, and water generated by the low-temperature heat collector.
- a brackish water separator that separates the steam two-phase fluid into water and steam, and the steam separated by the brackish water separator is heated by sunlight reflected by a plurality of heliostats to generate superheated steam.
- a plurality of heliostats such that a metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector and the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector is equal to or lower than a threshold temperature set in order to prevent an overshoot of the vapor temperature at the outlet of the high-temperature heat collector
- a heliostat control device for controlling the angle of the solar heat collecting system.
- the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector is controlled to be equal to or lower than the threshold temperature, it is possible to prevent overshoot of the steam temperature at the outlet of the high-temperature heat collector. Therefore, the risk of damage to the heat transfer tubes of the high-temperature heat collector can be reduced.
- a metal temperature detector for detecting a metal temperature of the high temperature heat collector, and a flow rate for detecting a flow rate of superheated steam generated by the high temperature heat collector.
- the heliostat control device controls the angles of the plurality of heliostats based on the temperature data acquired by the metal temperature detector and the flow rate data acquired by the flow rate detector.
- the heliostat is controlled based on the metal temperature data of the high-temperature heat collector and the flow rate data of the superheated steam, the steam temperature at the outlet of the high-temperature heat collector is accurately determined. Can be adjusted. Therefore, the risk of breakage of the heat transfer tube of the high temperature heat collecting apparatus is further reduced.
- the first or second means includes a first temperature detector that detects a steam temperature at an inlet of the brackish water separator, and the heliostat control device includes the low-temperature heat collecting device. Sunlight is reflected on the high-temperature heat collector at an arbitrary timing after the timing when the apparatus is activated and before the temperature detected by the first temperature detector reaches the saturated steam temperature. The angle of the plurality of heliostats is controlled.
- the third means since the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector starts to rise after the start of the low-temperature heat collector, the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector is controlled below the threshold temperature. Simple. That is, the third means effectively suppresses the rise in the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector by simple control of delaying the start-up of the high-temperature heat collector from that of the low-temperature heat collector. Risk is being reduced.
- the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector is saturated steam. It is possible to prevent the steam from flowing into the high temperature heat collector in a state lower than the temperature.
- the first or second means includes a second temperature detector that detects a vapor temperature at an outlet of the low-temperature heat collector, and the heliostat control device includes the low-temperature collector.
- Sunlight is reflected on the high-temperature heat collector at an arbitrary timing after the timing at which the heat device is activated and before the temperature detected by the second temperature detector reaches the saturated steam temperature. The angle of the plurality of heliostats is controlled.
- the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector begins to rise after the start of the low-temperature heat collector, so the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector is controlled to be equal to or lower than the threshold temperature.
- the fourth means effectively suppresses the rise in the metal temperature of the high temperature heat collector by simple control of delaying the start of the high temperature heat collector from the start of the low temperature heat collector, and breaks the heat transfer tube. Risk is being reduced.
- the metal temperature of the high temperature heat collector is saturated steam. It is possible to prevent the steam from flowing into the high temperature heat collector in a state lower than the temperature.
- the low-temperature heat collecting device has a heat transfer tube disposed above an inner peripheral curved surface of a condensing mirror extending in a bowl shape. Then, condensing sunlight into a heat transfer tube with a condensing mirror to heat the water flowing through the heat transfer tube to produce steam, or a trough-type condensing / heat collecting device, or a substantially flat light collecting device A large number of mirrors are arranged, a heat transfer tube is arranged above the condensing mirror group, and sunlight is condensed on the heat transfer tube by the condensing mirror group, thereby heating the water circulating in the heat transfer tube to generate steam.
- the heliostat control device comprises a heliostat controller that is far from the tower, and transmits the heliostat that is far from the tower before the heliostat that is closer to the tower. The angle is adjusted so that sunlight is condensed on the heat tube panel.
- the fifth means it is possible to prevent the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collecting device from rapidly rising, so that the risk of damage to the heat transfer tube panel can be further suppressed.
- a spray valve is provided for stabilizing the temperature of the superheated steam by spraying water on the superheated steam generated by the high-temperature heat collector. It is characterized by that.
- the superheated steam can be supplied at a stable temperature, for example, by incorporating the solar heat collection system according to the sixth means into a solar thermal power plant or the like, the performance of the entire plant is achieved. Will increase.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collection system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the tower type condensing and heat collecting device which installed the high-temperature heat collecting device shown in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the heat-transfer panel of the high-temperature heat collecting device shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the various data in the case of producing
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collecting system SYS1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- This solar heat collection system SYS1 is used to supply superheated steam to the steam turbine of the solar thermal power plant.
- the solar thermal power plant is supplied to a steam turbine driven by superheated steam generated by the high-temperature heat collecting device 5 of the solar heat collecting system SYS1, a generator that generates power by the power of the steam turbine, and the steam turbine.
- reference numeral 1 is a low-temperature heat collector that heats water with the heat of sunlight
- reference numeral 2 is a feed pump
- reference numeral 3 is a water supply valve
- reference numeral 4 is a water-steam two-phase fluid generated by the low-temperature heat collector 1.
- reference numeral 5 is a high-temperature collector that heats steam with the heat of sunlight
- reference numeral 6 is the sun
- reference numeral 7 is sunlight from the sun
- reference numeral 8 is a heliostat
- reference numeral 9 denotes a tower
- reference numeral 10 denotes a steam valve
- reference numeral 11 denotes a flow meter (flow rate detector) for measuring the steam flow rate from the high temperature heat collector 5
- reference numeral 12 denotes a thermometer for measuring the metal temperature of the high temperature heat collector 5 ( (Metal temperature detector)
- reference numeral 13 is an arithmetic device (heliostat control device) for adjusting the angle of an arbitrary heliostat 8 based on the flow rate data acquired by the flow meter 11 and the temperature data acquired by the thermometer 12
- 14 is a circulation pump
- 40 is It is a pre-valve.
- the reason why the spray valve 40 is provided in the branch pipe branched from the pipe connecting the feed water pump 2 and the feed
- piping connecting each component is denoted as line ⁇ - ⁇ .
- a symbol is entered in the circle, and for example, a line 2-3 represents a pipe connecting the water supply pump 2 and the water supply valve 3.
- the water supplied from the feed pump 2 passes through the line 2-3, the flow rate is adjusted by the feed valve 3, and the low temperature collection is carried out through the line 3-1. It is sent to the heat device 1.
- the feed water is heated by the heat of sunlight, and a water-steam two-phase fluid is generated.
- the generated water-steam two-phase fluid is sent to the brackish water separator 4 through line 1-4.
- the water-steam two-phase fluid introduced into the brackish water separator 4 is separated into water and steam by the brackish water separator 4.
- the separated saturated vapor is sent to the high temperature heat collector 5 through the line 4-5.
- the saturated steam introduced into the high-temperature heat collector 5 is further heated by solar heat in the high-temperature heat collector 5 to generate superheated steam.
- the water separated by the brackish water separator 4 is sent to the circulation pump 14 through the line 4-14.
- the water pressurized by the circulation pump 14 passes through the line 14-1 and is sent to the inlet of the low-temperature heat collecting apparatus 1.
- the superheated steam generated by the high-temperature heat collector 5 passes through the line 5-11, the flow rate is measured by the flow meter 11, and the flow rate of the superheated steam is adjusted by the steam valve 10 through the line 11-10.
- the flow rate data of the flow meter 11 is input to the arithmetic device 13.
- the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collecting device 5 is measured by the thermometer 12.
- the temperature data of the thermometer 12 is input to the arithmetic device 13.
- the arithmetic device 13 has a mechanism for adjusting the angle of an arbitrary heliostat 8 based on the input flow rate data and temperature data (details will be described later).
- the metal temperature detector of the present invention is not limited to a thermometer, and includes a thermography and a camera data analysis by a camera.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a tower-type light collecting / collecting device in which the high-temperature heat collecting device 5 shown in FIG. 1 is installed.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat transfer panel of the high-temperature heat collecting device 5. is there.
- the high temperature heat collecting device 5 (heat transfer tube panel 27) is installed on the tower 9 having a predetermined height (about 30 to 100 m).
- a large number of heliostats 8 are arranged in various directions on the ground surface, and the heliostats 8 are focused on the high-temperature heat collecting device 5 (heat transfer tube panel 27) while tracking the movement of the sun 6, It has a mechanism to generate superheated steam.
- This tower-type concentrator / heat collector can generate higher-temperature steam than the trough-type concentrator / collector, so when used in a solar thermal power plant, increase the turbine efficiency, It has the advantage that more power can be obtained.
- the heat transfer tube panel 27 used in the high-temperature heat collecting device 5 is distributed by the superheater lower header 22 that evenly distributes the steam from the brackish water separator 4 and the superheater lower header 22.
- the superheated steam emitted from the superheater upper header 23 is supplied to a steam turbine (not shown).
- FIG. 4 (a) when the amount of solar radiation starts increasing at time t1, the low-temperature heat collector 1 starts up and the metal temperature of the low-temperature heat collector 1 increases as shown in FIG. 4 (b). Begin to. And as shown in FIG.4 (c), in time t3, steam temperature reaches saturation steam temperature T3 in the inlet_port
- Tc 600 ° C. to 660 ° C.
- the angle adjustment of an arbitrary heliostat 8 is performed based on the acquired flow rate data and the temperature data acquired by the thermometer 12.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collection system SYS2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a low-temperature heat collecting device 15 composed of a trough-type light collecting / heat collecting device is used.
- Other configurations and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a principle diagram for explaining the configuration of a trough-type light collecting / collecting device.
- the trough-type condensing / collecting device individually arranges the heat transfer tubes 31 horizontally at the focal position above the inner curved surface of the condensing mirror 30 extending in a bowl shape. 7 is condensed on the heat transfer tube 31 by the condenser mirror 30. Water 33 circulates in each heat transfer tube 31, and the water 33 is heated by the heat collected in the heat transfer tube 31, and a water-steam two-phase fluid 34 is obtained from the heat transfer tube 31. .
- This trough-type condensing / heat collecting apparatus has the advantages that it does not require advanced condensing technology and has a relatively simple structure.
- FIG. 7 is a principle diagram for explaining the configuration of a Fresnel type light collecting and collecting apparatus.
- the Fresnel type condensing / heat collecting apparatus has a plurality of flat or slightly curved condensing mirrors 35 arranged at slightly different angles, and the number above the condensing mirror 35 group.
- a group of heat transfer tubes 31 in the form of a panel is horizontally arranged at the meter.
- the mechanism is such that the sunlight 7 is condensed on the heat transfer tubes 31 by the condensing mirror 35 group, and the water 33 circulating in each heat transfer tube 31 is heated to obtain the water-steam two-phase fluid 34 from the heat transfer tubes 31. It has become.
- This Fresnel type condenser / heat collector is easier to manufacture than the trough-type curved condenser mirror 30, can be manufactured at a low cost, and has the advantage that the condenser mirror 35 is less susceptible to wind pressure. Yes.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collecting system SYS3 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 17 is a thermometer provided at the steam outlet of the low temperature heat collector 1
- reference numeral 18 measures the flow rate of the water-steam two-phase fluid introduced from the low temperature heat collector 1 into the brackish water separator 4.
- a flow meter, reference numeral 43 is a thermometer provided at the steam inlet of the brackish water separator 4
- reference numeral 19 is an arithmetic unit.
- Other configurations and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.
- the temperature of the steam is measured with the thermometer 17 provided at the outlet of the low-temperature heat collecting apparatus 1, and the flow rate of the steam is measured with the flow meter 18, so that each measurement data has a predetermined value.
- the arithmetic device 19 controls the valve opening degree of the water supply valve 3 to adjust the water supply flow rate to the low-temperature heat collecting device 1. Specifically, the feed water flow rate of the low-temperature heat collector 1 is adjusted so that the steam temperature at the outlet of the low-temperature heat collector 1 is 300 ° C. or lower. This makes it possible to optimize the amount of steam generated by the low-temperature heating device 1 according to the amount of heat collected.
- thermometer 43 provided at the steam inlet of the brackish water separator 4 is used, and the thermometer 43 and the flow meter 18 are used.
- the water supply valve 3 may be controlled.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collection system SYS4 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 20 denotes a thermometer provided at the steam outlet of the low-temperature heat collector 1
- reference numeral 21 measures the flow rate of the water-steam two-phase fluid introduced from the low-temperature heat collector 1 into the brackish water separator 4.
- a flow meter, reference numeral 44 is a thermometer provided at the steam inlet of the brackish water separator 4
- reference numeral 22 is an arithmetic unit.
- Other configurations and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.
- the temperature of the steam is measured by the thermometer 20 provided at the outlet of the low-temperature heat collecting apparatus 1, the flow rate of the steam is measured by the flow meter 21, and each measurement data is set to a predetermined value.
- the arithmetic device 22 adjusts the heat collection amount of the low-temperature heat collection device 1. Specifically, the amount of heat collected by the low-temperature heat collector 1 is adjusted so that the steam temperature at the outlet of the low-temperature heat collector 1 is 300 ° C. or lower. This makes it possible to optimize the amount of steam generated by the low-temperature heating device 1 according to the feed water flow rate.
- thermometer 44 provided at the steam inlet of the brackish water separator 4 is used instead of the thermometer 20 provided at the steam outlet of the low-temperature heat collecting apparatus 1, and the thermometer 44 and the flow meter 21 are used.
- the amount of heat collected by the low-temperature heat collecting apparatus 1 may be controlled.
- the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collecting device 5 is kept below the threshold temperature Tc by control different from that in the first embodiment.
- the metal temperature threshold temperature Tc of the high-temperature heat collector 5 is set to 600 ° C. to 660 ° C. 10 (d), (f), and (g)
- the solid line shows the change when the solar heat collection system SYS4 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is used
- the two-dot chain line shows the conventional solar heat collection. The changes when the system is used are shown.
- the low temperature heat collecting apparatus 1 is activated and condensing is started at the start of rising of the solar radiation amount (time t1). Then, as shown in FIG.10 (b), the metal temperature of the low-temperature heat collecting apparatus 1 begins to increase. Moreover, when the low-temperature heat collector 1 is started, the water circulating through the low-temperature heat collector 1 is gradually heated, and the inlet fluid temperature of the brackish water separator 4 rises. At this time, since the high-temperature heat collector 5 is not activated, the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector 5 hardly increases (see the time t1 to t2 in FIG. 10 (f)).
- the number of heliostats 8 tilted toward the heat transfer panel 27 of the tower 9 gradually increases with the passage of time, and the fluid temperature at the inlet of the brackish water separator 4 (temperature measured by the thermometer 44).
- time t4 which is a little later than time t3 when the steam reaches the saturated steam temperature T3, all (N2 sheets) heliostats 8 are tilted to face the heat transfer panel 27.
- the high temperature heat collector 5 is activated after the low temperature heat collector 1 is activated and the number of heliostats 8 is gradually increased, the amount of light collected by the high temperature heat collector 5 is gradually increased.
- the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector 5 can be gradually increased from the time t2, and at the time t4 when the saturated steam separated by the brackish water separator 4 is introduced into the high-temperature heat collector 5, the temperature is high.
- the metal temperature of the heat collector 5 can be maintained at the threshold temperature Tc.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram showing the light collection efficiency per heliostat with respect to the distance X between the tower and the heliostat
- FIG. 11B is a top view of the high-temperature heat collecting device 5.
- many heliostats 8 are installed around the tower 9, and the three areas of the area (a), the area (b), and the area (c) are arranged in order from the side closer to the tower 9. It is divided into. As illustrated, a plurality of heliostats 8 are installed in each area.
- the light collection efficiency decreases as the distance from the tower 9 that is the origin increases (the value of the distance X increases).
- the reason for this is that as the distance from the tower 9 increases, the angle of inclination of the heliostat 8 increases to apply reflected light, and the light receiving area of the mirror decreases (cosine effect).
- said condensing efficiency takes the ratio of the energy amount which injects into the heat-transfer panel 27 which is a receiver part, and the solar energy amount per area of a mirror. If the distance between the tower 9 and the heliostat 8 is short and the inclination angle of the heliostat 8 for applying the reflected light to the heat transfer panel 27 is small, the light receiving area becomes large and the light collection efficiency increases.
- the heliostat 8 installed in the area (a) has a large light receiving area and a light collection efficiency of 1.0, whereas the light collection efficiency decreases as the value of the distance X increases. To go. That is, the relationship between the light collection efficiency and the light receiving area of the heliostat 8 is area (a)> area (b)> area (c).
- the operation of the heliostat 8 is performed in the order from the far side to the near side from the tower 9.
- the arithmetic unit 13 first controls the angle of the heliostat 8 installed in the area (c) at the timing of time t2 when the temperature data measured by the thermometer 44 reaches T2, and the sun The light 7 is reflected by the high temperature heat collecting device 5.
- the angle of the heliostat 8 installed in the area (b) is controlled, and when this is finished, the heliostat 8 installed in the area (a) is finished. Control the angle.
- the number of heliostats 8 increases stepwise from time t2 to time t4.
- the angle of the heliostat 8 is controlled step by step in the order of area (c), area (b), and area (a).
- the angle of the heliostat 8 is controlled. Therefore, the number of heliostats 8 increases in a curve from time t2 to time t4. Note that the angle of the heliostat 8 may be controlled simultaneously for each area, and in this case, the number of heliostats 8 increases stepwise between times t2 and t4.
- the angle of the heliostat 8 is controlled stepwise from an area far from the tower 9 to the near area, the condensing efficiency of the heliostat 8 becomes lower as the distance from the tower 9 increases.
- the metal temperature of the high temperature heat collecting device 5 does not increase rapidly. Therefore, the metal temperature of the high temperature heat collecting device 5 can be adjusted with high accuracy. As a result, the occurrence of overshoot of the steam temperature at the outlet of the high temperature heat collecting device 5 is suppressed, and the risk of loss of the heat transfer panel 27 is avoided.
- the arithmetic device 13 controls the heliostat 8 based on the temperature data measured by the thermometer (first temperature detector) 44, but the thermometer provided at the steam outlet of the low-temperature heat collector 1. Based on the temperature data measured by the (second temperature detector) 20, the heliostat 8 may be controlled as described above.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collection system SYS5 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 23 is a water level meter for measuring the water level of the brackish water separator 4
- reference numeral 25 is a circulation flow rate control valve for adjusting the circulation amount of water between the low-temperature heat collector 1 and the brackish water separator 4
- reference numeral 24 is Arithmetic unit.
- Other configurations and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.
- the feed water flow rate or the circulation rate can be adjusted by the feed water valve 3 or the circulation flow rate control valve 25 so that the water level of the brackish water separator 4 becomes a predetermined value. It is possible to keep the amount of water held constant. Furthermore, according to the fifth embodiment, it is possible to prevent water from flowing into the high-temperature heat collecting device 5 due to the capacity of the tank of the brackish water separator 4 being over.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collection system SYS6 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 26 is a heat medium flow path through which the heat medium circulates
- reference numeral 27 is a heat medium circulation pump provided in the middle of the heat medium flow path 26
- reference numeral 28 is provided in the middle of the heat medium flow path 26.
- reference numeral 29 denotes a part of the heat medium flow path 26 as a heat exchanger It is a low-temperature heat collector with a heat exchanger installed inside.
- Other configurations and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.
- the heat collected by the light collecting / heat collecting device 28 is transmitted to the water in the low-temperature heat collecting device 29 with a heat exchanger via the heat medium.
- a medium having a large heat capacity such as oil or molten salt, it is possible to suppress the temperature drop of the low-temperature heat collecting device when the solar radiation amount is attenuated, and to accelerate the steam generation when the solar radiation amount is recovered.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar heat collection system SYS7 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- symbol 41 is provided in the downstream of the steam valve 10, the thermometer for measuring the temperature of the steam supplied to the steam turbine which is not shown in figure, the code
- Other configurations and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.
- the temperature data measured by the thermometer 41 is sent to the arithmetic device 42.
- the computing device 42 opens and closes the spray valve 40 based on the temperature data of the thermometer 41 and controls the spray amount.
- the temperature of the steam supplied to the steam turbine can be stabilized.
- the spray valve 40 is provided at the position shown in FIG. 14, and since the water supply is used, the temperature of the spray is stabilized.
- the steam temperature can be kept more stable.
- the metal temperature of the high-temperature heat collector 5 can be controlled to be equal to or lower than the threshold temperature, so the steam temperature at the outlet of the high-temperature heat collector may overshoot.
- the risk of damage to the heat transfer panel 27 of the high-temperature heat collector can be reduced.
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る太陽熱集熱システムSYS1の概略構成図である。この太陽熱集熱システムSYS1は、太陽熱発電プラントの蒸気タービンに過熱蒸気を供給するために使用される。なお、太陽熱発電プラントは、図示しないが、太陽熱集熱システムSYS1の高温集熱装置5で生成された過熱蒸気で駆動する蒸気タービンと、蒸気タービンの動力で発電する発電機と、蒸気タービンに供給された過熱蒸気を復水する復水器と、復水器で復水された水を太陽熱集熱システムSYS1の低温集熱装置1に供給するラインとを備えて構成される。
図5は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る太陽熱集熱システムSYS2の概略構成図である。本実施形態では、トラフ式の集光・集熱装置からなる低温集熱装置15を用いている。他の構成などは第1実施形態と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
図8は、本発明の第3実施形態に係る太陽熱集熱システムSYS3の概略構成図である。図8において、符号17は低温集熱装置1の蒸気出口に設けられた温度計、符号18は低温集熱装置1から汽水分離装置4に導入される水-蒸気二相流体の流量を測定する流量計、符号43は、汽水分離装置4の蒸気入口に設けられた温度計、符号19は演算装置である。他の構成などは第1実施形態と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
図9は、本発明の第4実施形態に係る太陽熱集熱システムSYS4の概略構成図である。図9において、符号20は低温集熱装置1の蒸気出口に設けられた温度計、符号21は低温集熱装置1から汽水分離装置4に導入される水-蒸気二相流体の流量を測定する流量計、符号44は、汽水分離装置4の蒸気入口に設けられた温度計、符号22は演算装置である。他の構成などは第1実施形態と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
図12は、本発明の第5実施形態に係る太陽熱集熱システムSYS5の概略構成図である。図12において、符号23は汽水分離装置4の水位を計測する水位計、符号25は低温集熱装置1と汽水分離装置4の間の水の循環量を調整する循環流量制御弁、符号24は演算装置である。他の構成などは第1実施形態と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
図13は、本発明の第6実施形態に係る太陽熱集熱システムSYS6の概略構成図である。この図において、符号26は熱媒体が循環する熱媒体流路、符号27はその熱媒体流路26の途中に設けられた熱媒体循環ポンプ、符号28は熱媒体流路26の途中に設けられ、太陽光7を集光して生じた熱を、熱媒体流路26を循環する熱媒体に伝達する集光・集熱装置、符号29は熱媒体流路26の一部が熱交換器として内側に設置された熱交換器付き低温集熱装置である。他の構成などは第1実施形態と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
図14は、本発明の第7実施形態に係る太陽熱集熱システムSYS7の概略構成図である。図14において、符号41は蒸気弁10の下流側に設けられ、図示しない蒸気タービンへ供給される蒸気の温度を計測するための温度計、符号42は演算装置である。他の構成などは第1実施形態と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
4 汽水分離装置
5 高温集熱装置
7 太陽光
8 ヘリオスタット
9 タワー
11 流量計(流量検出器)
12 温度計(メタル温度検出器)
13 演算装置(ヘリオスタット制御装置)
15 トラフ式低温集熱装置(低温集熱装置)
20 温度計(第2温度検出器)
27 伝熱パネル
30 集光ミラー
31 伝熱管
35 集光ミラー
40 スプレ弁
44 温度計(第1温度検出器)
T3 飽和蒸気温度
Tc 閾値温度
Claims (6)
- 供給された水を太陽光の熱で加熱して蒸気を生成する低温集熱装置と、
前記低温集熱装置で生成された水-蒸気二相流体を水と蒸気とに分離する汽水分離装置と、
前記汽水分離装置で分離された蒸気を複数のヘリオスタットで反射させた太陽光の熱で加熱して、過熱蒸気を生成する高温集熱装置と、
前記高温集熱装置のメタル温度が、前記高温集熱装置の出口における蒸気温度のオーバーシュートを防止するために設定された閾値温度以下となるように、前記複数のヘリオスタットの角度を制御するヘリオスタット制御装置と、
を備える太陽熱集熱システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記高温集熱装置のメタル温度を検出するメタル温度検出器と、
前記高温集熱装置で生成された過熱蒸気の流量を検出する流量検出器と、
を備え、
前記ヘリオスタット制御装置は、前記メタル温度検出器で取得した温度データおよび前記流量検出器で取得した流量データに基づいて、前記複数のヘリオスタットの角度を制御することを特徴とする太陽熱集熱システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記汽水分離装置の入口の蒸気温度を検出する第1温度検出器を備え、
前記ヘリオスタット制御装置は、前記低温集熱装置が起動されたタイミングより後、かつ、前記第1温度検出器で検出された温度が飽和蒸気温度に到達するより前の任意のタイミングで、太陽光が前記高温集熱装置に反射するように前記複数のヘリオスタットの角度を制御することを特徴とする太陽熱集熱システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記低温集熱装置の出口の蒸気温度を検出する第2温度検出器を備え、
前記ヘリオスタット制御装置は、前記低温集熱装置が起動されたタイミングより後、かつ、前記第2温度検出器で検出された温度が飽和蒸気温度に到達するより前の任意のタイミングで、太陽光が前記高温集熱装置に反射するように前記複数のヘリオスタットの角度を制御することを特徴とする太陽熱集熱システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記低温集熱装置は、
樋状に延びた集光ミラーの内周曲面の上方に伝熱管を配置し、太陽光を集光ミラーで伝熱管に集光することにより、伝熱管内を流通する水を加熱して蒸気を生成するトラフ式の集光・集熱装置、または略平面状の集光ミラーを多数並べて、その集光ミラー群の上方に伝熱管を配置し、太陽光を前記集光ミラー群で伝熱管に集光することにより、伝熱管内を流通する水を加熱して蒸気を生成するフレネル式の集光・集熱装置からなり、
前記高温集熱装置は、
所定の高さを有するタワーの上に伝熱管パネルを設置し、太陽光を前記複数のヘリオスタットで伝熱管パネルに集光することにより、伝熱管パネル内を流通する水を加熱して蒸気を生成するタワー式の集光・集熱装置からなり、
前記ヘリオスタット制御装置は、前記タワーとの距離が遠い方の前記ヘリオスタットを、前記タワーとの距離が近い方の前記ヘリオスタットより先に前記伝熱管パネルに太陽光を集光させるよう角度の調整を行うことを特徴とする太陽熱集熱システム。 - 請求項5において、
前記高温集熱装置にて生成された過熱蒸気に対して水を吹き付けて、当該過熱蒸気の温度を安定させるためのスプレ弁を設けたことを特徴とする太陽熱集熱システム。
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