WO2014146392A1 - 一种膏体定长锚固支护方法 - Google Patents

一种膏体定长锚固支护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014146392A1
WO2014146392A1 PCT/CN2013/081725 CN2013081725W WO2014146392A1 WO 2014146392 A1 WO2014146392 A1 WO 2014146392A1 CN 2013081725 W CN2013081725 W CN 2013081725W WO 2014146392 A1 WO2014146392 A1 WO 2014146392A1
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Prior art keywords
cable
anchoring
anchor
slurry
paste
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PCT/CN2013/081725
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张农
薛飞
阚甲广
赵一鸣
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中国矿业大学
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Publication of WO2014146392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014146392A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/028Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00715Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for fixing bolts or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00724Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/70Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anchoring support method, in particular to a plaster fixed length anchoring support method suitable for surrounding rock of roadway.
  • the anchor rod is a basic support form including a single anchor rod, an anchor beam (belt), an anchor beam (belt) net, and a bolt support system for bolt and anchor support. It is widely used in domestic and foreign coal mines. In the roadway support, it is one of the key technologies essential for coal mines to achieve high productivity and high efficiency.
  • the bolt support system uses resin anchoring agent as the main anchoring method, which has the advantages of high bonding strength, fast curing, high safety and reliability.
  • the anchoring effect depends on the agitation resistance and the agitation time that the rig can provide.
  • the anchoring length is limited, and a longer range of anchoring cannot be achieved, and it is difficult to install when the surrounding rock is broken.
  • the grouting slurry method is used to achieve full-length anchoring, there are problems such as complicated sealing process, easy running, and slurry leakage. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve anchoring in the entire length of the anchor rod, especially the anchor cable. The above phenomenon seriously affects the surrounding rock control effect of the bolt support system, especially the support problem of the deep large deformation soft rock roadway.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a method for anchoring and anchoring a plaster with a simple method, easy construction, and good effect.
  • the method for fixed length anchoring and supporting of the paste of the present invention comprises drilling and clearing holes in the rock face of the roadway, and further comprises the following steps:
  • the anchor/cable is pre-tensioned using a tensioner.
  • the paste slurry is composed of water, cement, anchoring additive and quick-setting admixer according to mass ratio, wherein water and cement ratio is 0.25 ⁇ 0.35, anchoring additive is 3% ⁇ 5% of cement amount, quick-setting agent It is 2% to 3% of the amount of cement.
  • the paste grouting liquid used in the invention has different thixotropy and fluidity than ordinary grout slurry, and the viscosity of the Markov funnel can reach about 50s, and there is no falling phenomenon due to gravity. Therefore, it is especially suitable for anchoring of deep holes. It does not require additional sealing process, which can effectively avoid the problem of easy running of common cement slurry.
  • the anchoring length can be adjusted at will to achieve fixed length anchoring, especially in the deep part. In the high-stress roadway, the anchoring within the full length of the bolt/cable can be realized, which effectively improves the adaptability of the bolt/cable to the large deformation and enhances the system rigidity of the bolt support.
  • the paste slurry of the invention has low working resistance requirement for the construction machine without stirring, can flexibly select a suitable anchor length according to engineering requirements, and can realize full-length anchoring of the anchor/cable, so that the anchor/cable can deform the surrounding rock It is sensitive to the separation layer and can restrain the separation and sliding of the surrounding rock in time, enhance the adaptability of the bolt support system to the large deformation surrounding rock, effectively improve the support effect of the roadway, and solve the deep high stress roadway support problem. .
  • the invention can be used for the anchoring of the bottom of the roadway and the drilling of the gangway, the anchoring of the roof drilling, and the surrounding rock support of other geotechnical engineering. It can effectively solve the problem that the existing anchor bolt support technology has limited anchorage length and can not adapt to the deformation of roadway surrounding rock under deep high stress conditions.
  • the method is simple, convenient to operate, good in effect, and has wide practicality.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the grouting process of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the anchor/cable.
  • the grouting pump will start the paste slurry 4 through the plastic hose. Injected into the borehole 2, the amount of the paste slurry 4 injected is controlled by the metering device on the grout pump, and the plastic hose 3 is slowly withdrawn while being injected, so that the paste slurry 4 fills the gap of the plastic hose 3 ;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

一种膏体定长锚固支护方法,采用现场预制膏体浆液(4)作为锚固剂,在钻孔(2)内插入塑料软管(3),利用注浆泵将配置好的膏体浆液(4)通过塑料软管(3)注入钻孔(2)内,将锚杆/索(5)插入钻孔(2)内,在锚杆/索(5)的外露段依次装好托盘(6)、球形垫(7)、减磨垫片(8)、螺母/锚具(9),待膏体浆液(4)凝固后使用张拉仪对锚杆/索(5)进行预紧加扭。采用的膏体浆液(4)具有良好的触变性和泵送性,相对于传统的封装式树脂锚固剂,可以解决破碎围岩的锚固难题,对施工机具的顶推力要求低,同时能够根据工程需要,灵活选择需要的锚固长度,并可以实现锚杆/索(5)的全长锚固,使得锚杆/索(5)对围岩变形和离层很敏感,能及时抑制围岩的离层与滑动,增强了锚杆支护系统对大变形围岩的适应性,解决深部高应力巷道支护难题。

Description

一种膏体定长锚固支护方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锚固支护方法, 尤其是一种适用于巷道围岩的膏体定长锚固支护方 法。
背景技术
锚杆支护作为煤矿巷道支护的一种重要的支护形式, 与传统的棚式支护相比显著提 高了巷道的支护效果, 降低了巷道支护成本, 减轻了工人劳动强度, 以锚杆为基本支护 形式的包括单体锚杆、 锚梁 (带)、 锚梁 (带) 网及锚杆与锚索支护的锚杆支护系统发展 迅速, 被广泛应用于国内外煤矿巷道支护中, 成为煤矿实现高产高效必不可少的关键技 术之一。
近年来随着采深增加, 巷道围岩应力增高, 使很多巷道围岩成为工程软岩, 表现出 强烈的扩容和应变软化或持续流变特征, 巷道变形速度快、 变形量大, 而目前的锚杆支 护系统通常以端锚或加长锚为主, 锚固长度有限, 因而难以适应围岩大变形特点, 围岩 变形超过 200mm以上时即开始失效、 破坏, 围岩变形得不到有效控制, 致使部分巷道返 修达 90%以上, 大大增加了支护成本, 严重影响矿井的安全高效生产。
传统意义上的锚杆支护系统采用树脂锚固剂作为主要的锚固方式,具有粘结强度大, 固化快, 安全可靠性高等优点。 但其锚固效果取决于钻机所能提供的搅拌阻力与搅拌的 时间, 锚固长度有所限制, 无法实现较长范围的锚固, 同时在围岩破碎时难以安装。 而 采用注水泥浆法来实现全长锚固时又存在着封孔工艺复杂、 易跑、 漏浆等问题, 因此无 法实现锚杆尤其是锚索全长范围内的锚固。 上述现象严重影响锚杆支护系统的围岩控制 效果, 特别是无法解决深部大变形软岩巷道的支护难题。
发明内容
技术问题: 本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足之处, 提供一种方法简单、 易施 工、 效果好的膏体定长锚固支护方法。
技术方案: 本发明的膏体定长锚固支护方法, 包括在巷道岩面上钻孔、 清孔, 还包 括如下步骤:
a、 在现场制备好膏体浆液;
b、 在所述巷道岩面上的钻孔内插入塑料软管, 并将塑料软管插入钻孔的底部; c、 根据钻孔、 锚杆 /索直径以及设计锚固长度计算好所需的膏体浆液注入量, 开动 注浆泵将配置好的膏体浆液通过塑料软管注入钻孔内, 膏体浆液注入量通过注浆泵上的 计量装置来控制, 一边注入一边将塑料软管慢慢抽出, 以使膏体浆液填满抽出塑料软管 的空隙;
d、 将锚杆 /索插入钻孔内, 挤出的膏体浆液充填在锚杆 /索周围的环形缝内, 在锚杆 / 索的外露段依次装好托盘、 球形垫、 减磨垫片、 螺母 /锚具;
e、 待膏体浆液凝固后使用张拉仪对锚杆 /索进行预紧。
所述的膏体浆液是由水、 水泥、 锚固添加剂、 速凝剂按质量比配置而成, 其中水、 水泥比为 0.25~0.35, 锚固添加剂为水泥量的 3%~5%, 速凝剂为水泥量的 2%~3%。
有益效果: 本发明中所采用的膏体注浆液不同于普通水泥浆液, 具有较好的触变性 和流动性, 其马氏漏斗粘度值可以达到 50s左右, 不会因重力影响出现流坠现象, 因而 特别适合于深孔的锚注, 不需额外的封孔工艺, 能够有效避免普通水泥浆液易跑漏的问 题, 通过控制注浆量可以随意调整锚固长度, 实现定长锚固, 尤其在深部高应力巷道中 可以实现锚杆 /索全长范围内的锚固, 有效提高了锚杆 /索对大变形的适应性, 增强了锚杆 支护的系统刚度。 本发明的膏体浆液无需搅拌对施工机具的工作阻力要求低, 能够根据 工程需要, 灵活选择适合的锚固长度, 并可以实现锚杆 /索的全长锚固, 使得锚杆 /索对围 岩变形和离层很敏感, 能及时抑制围岩的离层与滑动, 增强了锚杆支护系统对大变形围 岩的适应性, 能够有效改善巷道的支护效果, 解决深部高应力巷道支护难题。 本发明既 可用于巷道底部及帮部钻孔的锚固, 也可用于顶板钻孔的锚固, 也适用于其他岩土工程 的围岩支护中。 能够有效解决现有锚杆支护技术存在的锚固长度有限、 不能适应深部高 应力条件下的巷道围岩变形的问题。 其方法简单、 操作方便、 效果好, 具有广泛的实用 性。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的注浆过程示意图;
图 2是锚杆 /索安装示意图。
图中: 1.巷道岩面, 2.钻孔, 3. 塑料软管, 4.膏体浆液, 5.锚杆 /索, 6.托盘, 7. 球形 垫, 8. 减磨垫片, 9.螺母 /锚具。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述:
实施例 1、
( 1 ) 在现场制备好膏体浆液 4, 按水、 水泥质量比为 0.25进行拌浆, 取水泥 2000 克, 水 500克, 由巴斯夫公司生产的 FLOWCABLE锚固添加剂 60克, 速凝剂 40克, 完 全搅拌均匀后即得所需的膏体浆液 4;
(2)在巷道岩面 1施工钻孔 2, 钻孔直径为 28mm, 钻孔深度为 2750mm, 并清孔;
(3 ) 将内径 15mm外径为 22mm塑料软管 3插入钻孔 2的底部;
(4) 根据钻孔 2、 锚杆 /索 5 的直径和锚固长度, 通过下式计算出所需膏体浆液注
s -—π {Ό - d )1
4 式中 ^一膏体浆液注入量;
D—钻孔直径;
ί一锚杆 /索直径;
苗固长度
取钻孔直径为 28mm、 锚杆 /索直径为 22mm, 设计锚固长度为 1800mm, 可得膏体 浆液注入量约为 0.42L,开动注浆泵将配置好的膏体浆液 4通过塑料软管 3注入钻孔 2内, 膏体浆液 4注入量通过注浆泵上的计量装置来控制, 一边注入一边将塑料软管 3慢慢抽 出, 以使膏体浆液 4填满抽出塑料软管 3的空隙;
(5 ) 将直径为 22mm长度为 2800mm的锚杆 /索 5插入钻孔 2内, 挤出的膏体浆液 4就充填在锚杆 /索 5周围的环形缝内, 在锚杆 /索 5的外露段依次装好托盘 6、 球形垫 7、 减磨垫片 8、 螺母 9;
(6)待膏体浆液 4凝固后约 30min后再用风动扳手或张拉仪对锚杆 /索施加预紧力。 实施例 2、
与实施例 1基本相同, 相同处略。不同之处: 按水灰质量比为 0.3进行拌浆, 取水泥 2000克, 水 600克, 由巴斯夫公司生产的 FLOWCABLE锚固添加剂 60克, 速凝剂 40 克, 完全搅拌均匀后即得所需的膏体浆液 4。
实施例 3、
与实施例 1基本相同, 相同处略。 不同之处: 按水灰质量比为 0.35进行拌浆, 取水 泥 2000克, 水 700克, 由巴斯夫公司生产的 FLOWCABLE锚固添加剂 60克, 速凝剂 40克, 完全搅拌均匀后即得所需的膏体浆液 4。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种膏体定长锚固支护方法, 包括在巷道岩面 (1)上钻孔 (2)、 清孔, 其特征在于- a、 在现场制备好膏体浆液 (4);
b、 在所述巷道岩面 (1)上的钻孔内插入塑料软管 (3), 并将塑料软管 (3)插入钻孔 (2)的 底部;
c、 根据钻孔 (2)、 锚杆 /索 (5)直径以及设计锚固长度计算好所需的膏体浆液 (4)注入 量, 开动注浆泵将配置好的膏体浆液 (4)通过塑料软管 (3)注入钻孔 (2)内, 膏体浆液 (4)注入 量通过注浆泵上的计量装置来控制, 一边注入一边将塑料软管 (3)慢慢抽出, 以使膏体浆 液 (4)填满抽出塑料软管 (3)的空隙;
d、 将锚杆 /索 (5)插入钻孔内, 挤出的膏体浆液 (4)充填在锚杆 /索 (5)周围的环形缝内, 在锚杆 /索 (5)的外露段依次装好托盘 (6)、 球形垫 (7)、 减磨垫片 (8)、 螺母 /锚具 (9);
e、 待膏体浆液 (4)凝固后使用张拉仪对锚杆 /索 (5)进行预紧。
2.根据权利要求 1所述一种膏体定长锚固支护方法, 其特征是: 所述的膏体浆液是由 水、 水泥、 锚固添加剂、 速凝剂按质量比配置而成, 其中水、 水泥比为 0.25~0.35, 锚固 添加剂为水泥量的 3%~5%, 速凝剂为水泥量的 2%~3%。
PCT/CN2013/081725 2013-03-22 2013-08-19 一种膏体定长锚固支护方法 WO2014146392A1 (zh)

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CN103161484B (zh) * 2013-03-22 2015-08-19 中国矿业大学 一种膏体定长锚固支护方法
CN103758549B (zh) * 2014-01-09 2016-09-28 中国矿业大学 一种基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法
CN105257325A (zh) * 2015-11-02 2016-01-20 新汶矿业集团有限责任公司协庄煤矿 一种用于巷道围岩的锚杆锚固装置及其锚固方法
CN105863693A (zh) * 2016-05-09 2016-08-17 美亚高新材料股份有限公司 用于深部高应力巷道的全长锚固支护方法
CN112922651A (zh) * 2021-04-23 2021-06-08 辽宁工程技术大学 一种掘进工作面锚杆支护工艺

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