CN105507929B - 一种重复施加预应力的锚索支护的方法 - Google Patents
一种重复施加预应力的锚索支护的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105507929B CN105507929B CN201610022874.6A CN201610022874A CN105507929B CN 105507929 B CN105507929 B CN 105507929B CN 201610022874 A CN201610022874 A CN 201610022874A CN 105507929 B CN105507929 B CN 105507929B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002002 slurries Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cements Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006072 pastes Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chlorides Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
Abstract
本发明公开了一种重复施加预应力的锚索支护的方法，其特征在于：在锚索钻孔外端处还设有一T形压管，托板压靠在T形压管的翼板上，在锚索本体靠钻孔内端设置所述锚固端锚固装置，在所述锚固端锚固装置上部一定距离处的锚索本体上设置一套管，该套管与锚索本体间形成一环形空间，套管靠近所述锚固端锚固装置的一端设有柔性止浆塞，在锚索安装完成后，所述T形压管位于钻孔内的一端密封抵靠在所述套管上，所述锚固端锚固装置能够提供足够的锚固力，以满足锚索进行重复施加预应力。主要具有制作安装锚索、首次注浆、二次注浆、重复施加预应力步骤。本发明锚索支护方法能够在不扰动全长注浆凝固结构、并具有足够强度的锚固端的可重复施加预应力。
Description
一种重复施加预应力的锚索支护的方法
[0001]本发明是发明专利“一种重复施加预应力的锚索支护方法”的分案申请，原申请的 申请日是2014年4月11日，原申请的申请号是2014101444334,原申请的发明创造名称是“一 种重复施加预应力的锚索支护方法”。
技术领域
[0002] 本发明涉及矿井围岩支护领域，特别涉及一种矿井巷道重复施加预应力的锚索支 护方法。
背景技术
[0003]矿井围岩支护是地下资源开采领域极其重要的、必不可少缺少的方面，近年来煤 矿开采事故频发，塌方、冒顶等事故不断，这些事故发生是技术措施不到位引起的，没有采 取有效的技术措施或者技术措施不能有效执行，而矿井开采围岩支护足够，塌方等围岩产 生的事故可以避免。现有技术中加固围岩主要手段为锚杆锚索支护、注浆支护、锚网索联合 支护、液压支架支护、立柱支护，留设煤柱或矿柱、沿空留巷等，锚索锚杆支护是本领域的普 遍支护手段，所以本领域技术人员一直不断在改进锚索锚杆支护性能，提高支护效果，设置 预应力锚索锚杆支护是一主要技术方向。
[0004]目前我国矿井进入深部开采，围岩支护在开采过程中尤其重要，但是在实施锚杆、 锚索支护时，为增加锚杆、锚索的支护效果，经常将锚杆索一端注浆固定在围岩深部，然后 施加全长预应力，但现有技术中施加预应力时经常需要初次注浆锚固锚索杆端部，然后初 次施加预应力，然后再次实施全长注楽，最后进行外端上托板施加预应力，这样会多次扰动 围岩支护，并且会使已经凝固的注浆液与锚索杆产生松动，破坏注浆浆体凝固结构，锚注支 护结构效果并不理想。
发明内容
[0005]为解决现有技术存在的技术问题，本发明目的是提供一种在不扰动全长注浆凝固 结构、并具有足够强度的锚固端的可重复施加预应力的锚索的支护方法。
[0006] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
[0007] —种重复施加预应力的锚索支护方法，其包括如下步骤：
[0008] 1)制作安装锚索：能够重复施加预应力的锚索包括锚索本体、锚固端锚固装置、托 板、锁具，所述锚索本体位于钻孔外端依次设有托板和锁具，在钻孔外端处还设有一 T形压 管，托板压靠在T形压管的翼板上，在锚索本体靠钻孔内端设置所述锚固端锚固装置，在所 述锚固i而锚固装置上部一定距禹处的锚索本体上设置一套管，该套管与锚索本体间形成一 环形空间，套管靠近所述锚固端锚固装置的一端设有柔性止浆塞，当锚索最后处于安装完 成状态时，所述T形压管位于钻孔内的一端密封抵靠在所述套管上；
[0009] 2)首次注浆锚固锚索锚固端：在上述步骤1)制作安装好后，驱动锚固端锚固装置 处于工作状态，通过注浆管对锚索本体底部进行注浆锚固，所述锚固端锚固装置与浆液凝 固一体，为锚索提高足够锚固力；
[0010] 3)二次注浆:在等待锚固端浆液充分凝固后，继续对套管与钻孔壁之间的环形空 间进行全长注浆，进行全长锚固；
[0011] 4)重复施加预应力：在上述步骤实施后，在锚索本体的外端通过锁具以及拉拔装 置可在不同支护时期进行多次重复施加预应力，不会对己经施加的注浆体产生破坏和扰 动，防止支护松动或失效，有效维护支护结构体。
[0012] 步骤1)中的所述锚固端锚固装置包括第一固定块、滑动块、钩翼、第一支撑杆，第 一固定块固定在所述锚索本体深入钻孔内的内端，滑动块滑动设置在套管和第一固定块之 间的锚索本体杆体上，第一支撑杆与第一固定块、钩翼与滑动块、第一支撑杆与钩翼都进行 能相对转动的铰接连接。
[0013] 步骤1)中的所述锚固端锚固装置还包括第二固定块和第二支撑杆，第二固定块位 于第一固定块与滑动块之间靠近第一固定块处，第二支撑杆一端较接连接到第一支撑杆与 钩翼的铰接点上，另一端较接连接到第二固定块上。
[0014] 步骤2)中所述的驱动锚固端锚固装置处于工作状态包括:通过对压管施加顶推力 和/或通过拉拔锚索本体使得套管下端与滑动块接触，驱动钩翼和第一支撑杆张开，钩翼的 弯钩向钻孔口方向呈“U”形，当钩翼抵靠钻孔壁处于工作状态时，对锚索本体的锚固端进行 注浆，浆体凝固后，钩翼和第一支撑杆将牢固锚固在钻孔内端部，提供足够的锚固力。
[0015] 步骤2)中所述的驱动锚固端锚固装置处于工作状态包括:通过对压管施加顶推力 和/或通过拉拔锚索本体使得套管下端与滑动块接触，驱动钩翼、第一支撑杆和第二支撑杆 张开，钩翼的弯钩向钻孔口方向呈“U”形，当钩翼抵靠钻孔壁处于工作状态时，对锚索本体 的锚固端进行注浆，浆体凝固后，钩翼、第一支撑杆和第二支撑杆将牢固锚固在钻孔内端 部，提供足够的锚固力。
[0016] 所述柔性止浆塞为柔性密封橡胶，所述套管为PVC管或铝管。
[0017]所述T形压管与套管抵靠端朝管外设有压边，所述压边上设有与套管对接的环形 凹槽，凹槽中设有密封圈，使压管与套管密封连接。
[0018]所示T形压管与钻孔围岩壁间还设有一密封垫，使得注浆浆液不会大量渗出钻孔 夕卜，起到封堵作用。
[0019] 本;^明的有益效果是:一是通过套管可以使得锚索重复施加预应力时不对全长注 浆加固体进行扰动破坏，这样使凝固浆体能够充分与围岩体形成整体，一体承担围岩压力； 一是锚索锚固端采用可伸缩钩翼，既方便锚索深入钻孔中，同时在进行树脂或注浆锚固时， 紧紧锚固在钻孔底部，为锚索重复多次施加预应力提供足够的锚固力，并且锚固端结构简 单，有助于锚索安装深入钻孔，同时能充分锚固锚索。锚固端锚固装置提供的足够强的锚固 力与锚索实施重复预应力相辅相成，没有足够的锚固力，锚固端将受到严重破坏，难以有效 形成预应力锚索。
附图说明
[0020]图1:可重复施加预应力锚索结构示意图。
[0021]图2:T形压管结构示意图。
[0022]图3:锚固端锚固装置改进结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0023]实施例1:结合图1-2所示，本发明的锚索是一种在不扰动注浆体情况下可重复施 加需要的预应力锚索支护方法，所述锚索包括:锚索本体1、锚固端锚固装置、套管6、压管7、 托板8、锁具9、止浆塞10,所述锚固端锚固装置包括第一固定块2、滑动块3、钩翼5、第一支撑 杆4,第一固定块2固定在锚索本体1深入钻孔内的内端，滑动块3滑动设置在套管6和第一固 定块2之间的锚索本体1杆体上，套管6设置在滑动块3上端一定距离处，以便滑动块3在锚索 深入钻孔中时具有足够的滑动伸缩距离，便于锚索深入钻孔内。如图1所示，第一支撑杆4与 第一固定块2、钩翼5与滑动块3、第一支撑杆4与钩翼5都进行可相对转动的铰接连接。套管6 靠近滑动块3—端设置有止浆塞10,防止在钻孔注浆时浆液进入套管6内，压管7压靠套管6 上端，通过对压管7施加顶推力或者通过初次拉拔锚索本体1使得套管6下端与滑动块3接 触，驱动钩翼5和第一支撑杆4张开，钩翼5的弯钩向钻孔口方向呈“U”形，当钩翼5抵靠钻孔 壁时，对锚索本体1的锚固端进行初次注浆，浆体凝固后，钩翼5和第一支撑杆4将牢固锚固 在钻孔内端部，提供足够的锚固力。
[0024]在等待锚固端浆液足够凝固后，继续对套管6与钻孔壁之间的环空进行全长注浆， 将套管6、压管7与钻孔围岩紧紧锚固，由于压管7在钻孔端口具有向孔外的延伸部，依据需 要还可以在压管7的延伸部即翼板与巷道壁之间加设密封垫11，这样使得注浆浆液不会大 量渗出钻孔外，起到封堵作用，获得更好的注浆效果。
[0025] 在上述所有注浆结束后，在锚索本体1的外端通过锁具9以及拉拔装置进行多次重 复施加预应力，这样不会对已经施加的注浆体产生破坏和扰动，有效维护支护结构体。
[0026]止浆塞1〇采用柔性密封块，例如采用密封橡胶，这样锚索在重复施加预应力时，拉 伸变形量不至于将止浆塞10破坏，其允许锚索本体1能够进行纵向拉伸。
[0027]套管6可以采用PVC管、铝管或其他轻质管材;压管7是T形钢管，管壁厚度比套管6 略大，压管7与套管6接触端可以朝管外设置压边，压边上设有与套管对接的环形凹槽，凹槽 中设有密封圈，使压管与套管密封连接。密封垫11是圆形中间具有与压管7外径基本相等的 直径的通孔。
[0028] 实施例2:结合图3所示，对实施例1中的锚固端锚固装置进一步进行改进，其他部 分与实施例1相同。所述锚固端锚固装置除了包括第一固定块2、滑动块3、钩翼5、第一支撑 杆4,还包括第二固定块13和第二支撑杆12,第二支撑杆12—端铰接连接到第一支撑杆4与 钩翼5的铰接点上，另一端铰接连接到第二固定块13上。通过加设第二支撑杆12和第二固定 块I3,使得钩翼5能够具有足够的支撑力使钩翼5抵靠孔壁，同时，当锚固端注浆锚固时，第 二支撑杆12、第二固定块13也提供更强的与浆液的融为一体的锚固力。
Claims (3)
1.一种重复施加预应力的锚索支护的方法，其包括如下步骤： 1) 制作安装锚索：能够重复施加预应力的锚索包括锚索本体（1)、锚固端锚固装置、托 板(8)、锁具(9)，所述锚索本体⑴位于钻孔外端依次设置所述托板和锁具，在钻孔外端处 还设有一T形压管(7)，托板压靠在T形压管的翼板上，在锚索本体靠钻孔内端设置所述错固 端锚固装置，在所述锚固端锚固装置上部一定距离处的锚索本体上设置一套管(6)，该套管 与锚索本体间形成一环形空间，套管靠近所述锚固端锚固装置的一端设有柔性止浆塞 (10)，当锚索最后处于安装完成状态时，所述T形压管位于钻孔内的一端密封抵靠在所述套 管上； 2) 首次注浆锚固所述锚索锚固端:在上述步骤1)制作安装好后，驱动锚固端锚固装置 处于工作状态，通过注浆管对锚索本体底部进行注浆锚固，所述锚固端锚固装置与浆液凝 固为一体，为锚索提供足够锚固力； 3) 二次注浆:在等待锚固端浆液充分凝固后，继续对套管(6)与钻孔壁之间的环形空间 进行全长注浆，进行全长锚固； 4) 重复施加预应力：在上述步骤实施后，在锚索本体（1)的外端通过锁具(9)以及拉拔 装置可在不同支护时期进行多次重复施加预应力，其不会对已经施加的注浆体产生破坏和 扰动，防止支护松动或失效，有效维护支护结构体； 所述的步骤1)中锚固端锚固装置包括第一固定块、滑动块、钩翼、第一支撑杆，第一固 定块固定在所述锚索本体深入钻孔内的内端，滑动块滑动设置在套管和第一固定块之间的 锚索本体杆体上，第一支撑杆与第一固定块、钩翼与滑动块、第一支撑杆与钩翼都进行能相 对转动的铰接连接。
2. —种如权利要求1所述的重复施加预应力的锚索支护的方法，其特征在于:所述柔性 止浆塞为柔性密封橡胶，所述套管为PVC管或铝管。
3.—种如权利要求1所述的重复施加预应力的锚索支护的方法，其特征在于:所述T形 压管与套管抵靠端朝管外设有压边，所述压边上设有与套管对接的环形凹槽，凹槽中设有 密封圈，使T形压管与套管密封连接。
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| KR100919277B1 (ko) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-09-30 | 박시우 | 정착수단을 이용한 네일 앵커 및 그 시공방법 |
| CN101503962A (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-08-12 | 山东科技大学 | 一种兼有端头锚固和全长径向锚固的新型锚杆 |
| CN201539270U (zh) * | 2009-08-20 | 2010-08-04 | 陕西省公路勘察设计院 | 新型预应力支护装置 |
| CN102022129A (zh) * | 2010-10-15 | 2011-04-20 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司五阳煤矿 | 灌浆锚索锚固长度限位装置 |
| CN202596756U (zh) * | 2012-01-01 | 2012-12-12 | 谢理想 | 胀壳式高强度注浆锚杆 |
| CN103382847A (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-06 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种预应力钻锚注锚索及支护方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105626109B (zh) | 2017-09-15 |
| CN103883339B (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
| CN105507929A (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
| CN105626109A (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
| CN103883339A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
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