WO2023142654A1 - 一种大变形恒阻支护注浆锚索 - Google Patents

一种大变形恒阻支护注浆锚索 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142654A1
WO2023142654A1 PCT/CN2022/135223 CN2022135223W WO2023142654A1 WO 2023142654 A1 WO2023142654 A1 WO 2023142654A1 CN 2022135223 W CN2022135223 W CN 2022135223W WO 2023142654 A1 WO2023142654 A1 WO 2023142654A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anchor cable
constant
grouting
resistance
pipe
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PCT/CN2022/135223
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡杰
何满潮
陶志刚
彭迪
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中国矿业大学(北京)
北京中矿创新联盟能源环境科学研究院
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学(北京), 北京中矿创新联盟能源环境科学研究院 filed Critical 中国矿业大学(北京)
Priority to JP2023550306A priority Critical patent/JP2024505110A/ja
Publication of WO2023142654A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023142654A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0066—Anchoring-bolts formed by a bundle of radially arranged rigid elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular relates to a grouted anchor cable for large-deformation constant-resistance support, that is, a grouted NPR anchor cable.
  • anchor cables are widely used as a primary support construction with good reinforcement effect.
  • the fault zone materials are mostly fractured rocks and fault mud gravels, with well-developed joints and micro-cracks.
  • the rock mass is broken and has a gravel-like structure, which is not conducive to anchoring.
  • the stability of the anchorage end of the cable Through grouting, stone bodies are formed in the joints, micro-cracks and cavities inside the surrounding rock, and the strength, stability, integrity and impermeability of the surrounding rock can be improved, which can effectively inhibit the further development of cracks inside the surrounding rock, thereby achieving improvement.
  • the purpose of physical and mechanical properties of surrounding rock are used as a primary support construction with good reinforcement effect.
  • the surrounding rock after grouting reinforcement has obtained higher strength and integrity, which can provide higher anchoring force for the anchor cable. transfer.
  • the grouted NPR anchor cable strengthens the surrounding rock in the fault fracture zone by grouting, which improves the strength and integrity of the surrounding rock, and is more conducive to playing the role of the anchor cable composite beam and suspension to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock.
  • the grouting NPR anchor cable in the prior art has poor sealing performance, so that the grouting anchoring effect cannot be guaranteed.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a large deformation constant resistance support grouting anchor cable, that is, a grouting NPR anchor cable, to at least solve the problem of grouting anchoring caused by poor sealing of the grouting NPR anchor cable in the prior art. Issues such as less than guarantee.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the grouting NPR anchor cable includes:
  • An anchor cable body, the end of the anchor cable body is provided with an anchor section for anchoring at the bottom of the borehole;
  • the constant resistance device includes a constant resistance body and a constant resistance sleeve, the constant resistance body is sleeved on the periphery of the anchor cable body, the constant resistance sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the constant resistance body, and the constant resistance body is used for moving axially with constant resistance in said constant resistance casing;
  • the resistance constant sealing assembly is arranged at the end of the resistance constant, and the sealing assembly of the resistance constant is used for sealing the gap between the anchor cable body and the drill hole, and the sealing assembly of the resistance constant is pressed against the sealing assembly of the resistance constant ;
  • the anchoring assembly includes a tray and an anchorage.
  • the anchorage and the tray are both arranged on one end of the anchor cable body protruding from the surrounding rock drilling hole.
  • the varistor seal assembly includes:
  • a sealing ring is set on the periphery of the anchor cable body, and is arranged on the bottom of the constant resistance casing, for sealing the bottom of the constant resistance casing;
  • a grout stopper is arranged between the anchor cable body and the borehole, and is used to block the gap and increase the grouting pressure
  • a pusher the pusher is arranged between the sealing ring and the grout stopper, and is used to transmit the thrust of the varistor to the grout stopper, the pusher is an I-shaped push pipe, and the I-shaped The push tube is sleeved on the anchor cable body;
  • the cross-sectional shape of the end of the I-shaped push tube close to the constant resistance device is the same as that of the sealing ring
  • the cross-sectional shape of the end of the I-shaped push tube close to the stop plug is the same as that of the stop plug
  • the constant resistance sleeve The end of the pipe is provided with a flange flange, and the tray is sleeved on the periphery of the constant resistance casing, and is pressed against the surrounding rock by the legal flange of the constant resistance casing;
  • the anchor is a clip-type anchor, and the clip-type anchor is sleeved on the periphery of the anchor cable body and is in contact with the constant resistance body.
  • the grouted NPR anchor cable has better grouting efficiency.
  • the anchor cable body has a hollow structure and comes with a grouting core tube. There is no need to bind the grouting tube and exhaust pipe on site. Reverse pressure grouting is used to reduce the probability of cavitation.
  • the grouting nylon pipe is used in conjunction with the grouting steel pipe, and is equipped with a grouting stopper, so that the sealing effect is good and the grouting construction efficiency is significantly improved; and two sealing components are set to effectively block the grout; and the grouting is maximized. Pressure, greatly improving the grouting anchoring effect.
  • the grouted NPR anchor cable has the characteristics of large deformation, high bearing capacity and no leakage of grout.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the grouted NPR anchor cable
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of anchor cable sealing assembly
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a sealing assembly of a varistor
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pulp outlet.
  • the present invention provides a grouted anchor cable for large deformation constant resistance support, that is, a grouted NPR anchor cable.
  • the grouted NPR anchor cable includes: the anchor cable body, An anchor segment 18 is provided at the end of the anchor cable body for anchoring at the bottom of the borehole.
  • the constant resistance device includes a constant resistance body and a constant resistance casing 6, the constant resistance body is sleeved on the periphery of the anchor cable body, the constant resistance casing 6 is arranged on the periphery of the constant resistance body 4, and the constant resistance body is used to connect the constant resistance casing 6 Move with constant resistance along the axis of the anchor cable.
  • the resistance constant seal assembly is arranged at the end of the resistance constant.
  • the resistance constant seal assembly is used to seal the gap between the anchor cable body and the drill hole, and the resistance constant compresses the resistance constant seal assembly.
  • the anchoring assembly includes a tray 3 and an anchorage 2, and the anchorage 2 and the tray 3 are all arranged on one end of the anchor cable body protruding from the surrounding rock drilling 11, for the anchor cable body to be stretched to the designed preload after the anchor cable body is stretched to the design preload.
  • the anchor cable body is anchored and locked.
  • the sealing assembly By setting the sealing assembly at the end of the constant resistance device, the gap between the drill hole and the anchor cable body is sealed, which can facilitate the increase of grouting pressure, and at the same time prevent the grout in the drill hole from overflowing into the resistance constant device. Ensure that the varistor does not come into contact with the slurry.
  • the sealing assembly of the constant resistance device includes: a sealing ring 7, which is sleeved on the periphery of the anchor cable body, and is arranged on the bottom of the constant resistance casing 6 for sealing the bottom of the constant resistance casing 6; in other implementations
  • the sealing ring 7 and the constant resistance bushing 6 may also be of an integrated structure.
  • the sealing ring 7 and the constant resistance bushing 6 are arranged separately, which is convenient for manufacture and installation.
  • a grout stopper 10 the grout stopper 10 is arranged between the anchor cable body and the borehole, and is used to block the gap and increase the grouting pressure;
  • the part that enters into the surrounding rock borehole 11 is a small diameter section, and the part where the grout stopper 10 is located in the expanded diameter borehole 9 is a large diameter section, which is in the shape of a frustum of a cone, and the diameter of the large diameter section is from right to left in Fig. 1
  • the direction gradually becomes larger so as to adapt the contact area between the grout stopper 10 and the push tube;
  • the push piece is arranged between the sealing ring 7 and the grout stopper 10, and is used to transmit the thrust of the varistor to the stopper pulp plug 10.
  • the grout stopper 10 is pressed against the constant resistance device through the push piece, so as to ensure that the grout stopper 10 will not easily withdraw from the surrounding rock borehole 11, thereby ensuring that the grout stopper 10 always has a sealing effect.
  • the push piece is an I-shaped push tube 8, and the I-shaped push tube 8 is sleeved on the anchor cable body;
  • the cross-sectional shape near the end of the grout stopper 10 is the same as that of the grout stopper 10 .
  • the I-shaped push tube 8 can increase the contact area with the sealing ring 7 and the grout stopper 10, which is more convenient for the pushing action of the constant resistance device and the grout stopper 10.
  • the end of the constant resistance casing 6 is provided with a flange flange, the tray 3 is sleeved on the periphery of the constant resistance casing 6, and is pressed against the surrounding rock by the legal flange of the constant resistance casing 6; the anchorage 2 is The clip-type anchor 2, the clip-type anchor 2 is sleeved on the periphery of the anchor cable body, and is in contact with the constant resistance body.
  • the flange edge of the constant resistance device presses the tray 3, and the clip-type anchor 2 does not directly contact the tray 3, so that after the anchor cable is deformed by an external force, the deformation of the anchor cable drives the clip-type anchor 2 and the constant resistance body 4 moves toward the interior of the surrounding rock at the same time, and the constant resistance body 4 slides with constant resistance in the constant resistance casing 6 to realize the constant resistance deformation of the anchor cable, so that the NPR anchor cable can be deformed without breaking, ensuring that the anchor cable Always effective support.
  • the anchorage 2 is a clip-type anchorage 2, which can be locked and fixed after being reversely tensioned by the tensioning machine, which can provide a pre-tightening force of up to 30t;
  • the tray 3 can be composed of an umbrella-shaped anchoring tray 3 and a concave spherical surface Adjust foot pad rings instead.
  • the anchor cable body includes a multi-strand steel strand 5 and a grouting pipe 16, the multi-strand steel strand 5 is wound around the periphery of the grouting pipe 16, and the length of the steel strand 5 is greater than the length of the grouting pipe 16. Out of one end of the borehole, the steel strand 5 is flush with the grouting pipe 16.
  • the grouting pipe 16 adopts a grouting steel pipe, and the grouting steel pipe can improve the hardness and strength of the anchor cable body; a hollow hex nut 1 is provided at the end of the anchor cable body protruding from the borehole, and the hollow hex nut 1 It communicates with the grouting pipe 16, and the hollow hexagonal thread is the grout inlet, which is used with the grout check valve to facilitate connection with the grouting device.
  • the steel strand 5 is provided with 8 strands, and the 8 strands 5 tightly wind the grouting steel pipe, and the steel strand 5 is made of NPR material; so that the grouting NPR anchor cable has better support protection effect.
  • the NPR anchor cable which takes into account the large deformation and constant support resistance, is used as the supporting member. After the grouted NPR anchor cable is preloaded by the NPR anchor cable, the anchor cable and the surrounding rock form an NPR rock mass structure, which can adapt to the large deformation of the surrounding rock.
  • the grouted NPR anchor cable combines the NPR anchor cable construction process with the grouting process to achieve a dual-purpose hole, which can not only meet the installation of NPR anchor cable, but also meet the needs of grouting, making the construction more convenient.
  • a plastic pipe is connected to one end of the grouting pipe 16 extending into the borehole, and a lap pipe 19 is set on the periphery of the grouting pipe 16 and the plastic pipe;
  • the anchor cable body is a grout outlet between the plastic pipe and the anchoring section 18 17.
  • the slurry outlet 17 is formed by the slurry outlet gap 21 between any adjacent steel strands 5 after the diameter of the anchor cable body is expanded.
  • the overlapping pipe 19, the grouting pipe 16 and the plastic pipe all have overlapping parts.
  • the lapping pipe 19 is used to connect the grouting pipe 16 and the plastic pipe.
  • the steel pipe 16 is used to increase the structure of the anchor cable body. Intensity, while the plastic tube is used at the outlet of the slurry, the plastic tube is more elastic, and it is more convenient for the smooth flow of the slurry.
  • the grouted steel pipe is the rigid transport channel for the grout, and the plastic pipe is the transport channel for the head of the grout.
  • the plastic tube is a nylon tube 20, which has high strength and good toughness.
  • the anchor cable body is expanded in diameter, and the slurry outlet 17 is formed by using the slurry outlet gap 21 between adjacent steel strands 5, which not only can smoothly discharge the slurry, but also can ensure that the anchor cable body will not be damaged, so that the anchor cable body Always have good structural strength.
  • An outer sleeve 12 is sheathed on the anchor cable body, one end of the outer sleeve 12 is located inside the constant resistance sleeve 6 , and the other end is located in front of the overlapping pipe 19 .
  • the outer sleeve 12 can not only integrate a section of the anchor cable body before the lap pipe 19 as a whole, but also make this section of the anchor cable body have better sealing performance.
  • the grouted NPR anchor cable also includes an anchor cable sealing assembly, and the anchor cable sealing assembly is arranged at one end of the outer casing 12 close to the lap pipe 19 .
  • the anchor cable sealing assembly By arranging the anchor cable sealing assembly at the end of the outer casing 12, the end of the anchor cable body close to the lap pipe 19 is sealed, that is, it is sealed at a position close to the anchor cable body grout outlet 17, so that the grouting A double seal is formed in the NPR anchor cable, which greatly increases the grouting pressure, so that the grouted NPR anchor cable has a better grouting anchoring effect.
  • the anchor cable sealing assembly includes: an inner sealing tube 15, the inner sealing tube 15 is located between the steel strand 5 and the grouting tube 16, and the inner sealing tube 15 is arranged at one end of the outer casing 12 near the grout outlet 17; the outer sealing tube 13, The outer sealing tube 13 is arranged on the periphery of the steel strand 5 , and the outer sealing tube 13 and the outer casing 12 have an overlapping section.
  • Inner sealing pipe 15 forms the internal sealing structure of steel strand 5, and outer sealing pipe 13 can seal the external sealing structure of steel strand 5, so that the internal and external connections of steel strand 5 and grouting pipe 16 are all sealed, and here
  • the anchor cable seal assembly is arranged near the grout outlet 17 to form the first seal in the surrounding rock borehole 11, providing a basis for forming a better grouting pressure.
  • the anchor cable sealing assembly also includes an outer compression tube 14, the outer compression tube 14 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the outer sealing tube 13, and the outer compression tube 14 is filled between the outer sealing tube 13 and the inner wall of the surrounding rock borehole 11, and is used to block the outer sealing tube 13. The gap between the sealing pipe 13 and the surrounding rock borehole 11.
  • outer compression tube 14 can not only better compress the inner sealing tube 15 and the outer sealing tube 13, but also fill the gap between the outer sealing tube 13 and the surrounding rock borehole 11, so that the anchor cable is sealed Components can play a better sealing effect.
  • the use process of the grouted NPR anchor cable is as follows:
  • the grout stopper 10 is inserted into the hollow steel strand 5 first, and then the tray 3 is penetrated from the small end of the resister 6, After resisting the large end of the constant resistance device 6, it is stuck, and then the constant resistance device 6 with the bottom hole sealing ring 7 and the I-shaped push tube 8 installed at the bottom is penetrated into the hollow steel strand 5 and sent into the expansion hole 9 , and finally the clip-type anchor 2 is installed at the end of the hollow steel strand 5 .
  • the jack tensioning device can be removed, and then the grouting equipment with a slurry check valve is connected to the hollow hex nut 1 at the end of the hollow steel strand 5, The slurry passes through the hollow hex nut 1, the grouted steel pipe 16, the grouted nylon tube 20, the grout outlet 17 and the grout gap 21 in sequence, and finally flows into the surrounding rock borehole 11.
  • the bottom of hole 11 began to enter the cracks in the surrounding rock, and after the grout solidified, the grouting and anchoring of the broken surrounding rock was completed.
  • the hollow steel strand 5 is a factory prefabricated part, and the internal grouting steel pipe 16, inner sealing pipe 15, lap pipe 19, grouting nylon tube 20 and hollow hexagonal nut 1 are all prefabricated and embedded and installed.
  • the hollow hex nut 1 at the end of 5 has a plug, which needs to be unscrewed during grouting.
  • the present invention adopts two measures to prevent grout leakage.
  • the first measure is the outer casing 12, the outer sealing pipe 13, the outer compression pipe 14 and the inner sealing pipe 15.
  • a slurry barrier is formed between the outer casing 12 and the hollow steel strand 5, and on the other hand, the hollow steel strand
  • a grout barrier is formed between the inner wall of the line 5 and the grouted steel pipe 16, and the first grout barrier in the deep part of the surrounding rock borehole 11 is completed in a combined form.
  • the second measure is the sealing ring 7 of the bottom hole of the constant resistance device, the I-shaped push pipe 8 and the grout stopper 10, which are combined to complete the sealing of the surrounding rock drilling 11 and the expansion drilling 9 and the expansion drilling 9 and the plugging at the bottom of the varistor 6.
  • the anchor cable body is formed by combining the grouting pipe and the multi-strand steel strand, so that it has its own grouting core pipe, and there is no need to bind the grouting pipe on site And the exhaust pipe, use reverse pressure grouting to reduce the probability of cavitation.
  • two sealing components are set, which can effectively block the grout; and maximize the grouting pressure, greatly improving the grouting anchoring effect.

Abstract

一种大变形恒阻支护注浆锚索，即注浆NPR锚索，包括：锚索本体，锚索本体的末端设置有锚固段（18），用于锚固在围岩钻孔（11）的孔底；恒阻器，包括恒阻体（4）与恒阻套管（6），恒阻体（4）套设在锚索本体外围，恒阻套管（6）设置在恒阻体（4）外围，恒阻体（4）用于在恒阻套管（6）中沿锚索轴向以恒定阻力移动；恒阻器密封组件，设置在恒阻器的末端，恒阻器密封组件用于封堵锚索本体与围岩钻孔（11）之间的缝隙，恒阻器压紧恒阻器密封组件；锚固组件，包括托盘（3）与锚具（2），锚具（2）与托盘（3）均设置在锚索本体伸出围岩钻孔（11）的一端上，用于在锚索本体张拉达到设计预紧力后，对锚索本体进行锚固锁定。

Description

一种大变形恒阻支护注浆锚索 技术领域
本发明属于隧道支护技术领域，具体涉及一种大变形恒阻支护注浆锚索，即注浆NPR锚索。
背景技术
在地下工程中，锚索作为一种加固效果较好的初期支护构建被广泛应用。随着地下工程向青藏高原进军，隧道不可避免要穿过断层，断层带物质多为破裂岩和断层泥砾，节理及微裂隙发育，岩体破碎且呈碎石角砾状结构，不利于锚索锚固端的稳定。通过注浆在围岩内部的节理、微裂隙和空腔中形成结石体，提高围岩的强度、稳定性、整体性和抗渗性能，可有效抑制围岩内部的裂隙进一步发育，从而达到改善围岩的物理力学性质的目的。注浆加固后的围岩获得了更高的强度和整体性，可为锚索提供更高的锚固力，同时注浆加大了组合供的厚度，有利于将锚索的高预应力向深部传递。注浆NPR锚索通过对断层破碎带围岩进行注浆加固，提高围岩强度和完整性，更有利发挥锚索组合梁和悬吊作用，保障围岩的稳定性。
但是在现有技术中的注浆NPR锚索因密封性较差，而使得注浆锚固效果得不到保障。
因此，需要提供一种针对上述现有技术不足的改进技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种大变形恒阻支护注浆锚索，即注浆NPR锚索，以至少解决目前现有技术中注浆NPR锚索因密封性较差而使注浆锚固得不到保障等问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
注浆NPR锚索，所述注浆NPR锚索包括：
锚索本体，所述锚索本体的末端设置有锚固段，用于锚固在钻孔的孔底；
恒阻器，包括恒阻体与恒阻套管，所述恒阻体套设在所述锚索本体外围， 所述恒阻套管设置在所述恒阻体外围，所述恒阻体用于在所述恒阻套管中沿锚索轴向以恒定阻力移动；
恒阻器密封组件，设置在恒阻器的末端，所述恒阻器密封组件用于封堵锚索本体与钻孔之间的缝隙，所述恒阻器压紧所述恒阻器密封组件；
锚固组件，包括托盘与锚具，所述锚具与托盘均设置在锚索本体伸出围岩钻孔的一端上，用于锚索本体在张拉达到设计预紧力后，对锚索本体进行锚固锁定，所述恒阻器密封组件包括：
密封圈，所述密封圈套设在锚索本体的外围，且设置在恒阻套管的底部，用于对恒阻套管的底部进行密封；
止浆塞，所述止浆塞设置在所述锚索本体与钻孔之间，用于封堵缝隙提高注浆压力；
推件，所述推件设置在所述密封圈与所述止浆塞之间，用于将恒阻器的推力传递给止浆塞，推件为工字型推管，所述工字型推管套设在所述锚索本体上；
所述工字型推管靠近恒阻器一端的截面形状与所述密封圈相同，所述工字型推管靠近止浆塞一端的截面形状与所述止浆塞相同，所述恒阻套管的端部设置有法兰翻边，所述托盘套设在恒阻套管的外围，并被恒阻套管的法律翻边压紧在围岩上；
所述锚具为夹片式锚具，所述夹片式锚具套设在锚索本体外围，并与所述恒阻体顶抵接触。
有益效果：
该注浆NPR锚索具有更好的注浆效率。锚索本体具有中空结构，自带注浆芯管，无需现场绑扎注浆管和排气管，采用反向压力注浆，降低气穴空洞产生的概率。同时注浆尼龙管与注浆钢管配合使用，并配以止浆塞，使得密封效果良好，显著提高注浆施工效率；并设置两道密封组件，能够有效的阻挡浆液；并最大程度提高注浆压力，大幅改善注浆锚固效果。该注浆NPR锚索具有变形量大、承载能力高和浆液不外漏的特点。
附图说明
图1为注浆NPR锚索的整体结构示意图；
图2为锚索密封组件的结构示意图；
图3为恒阻器密封组件的结构示意图；
图4为出浆口的截面图。
图中：1-中空六角螺母、2-锚具、3-托盘、4-恒阻体、5-钢绞线、6-恒阻套管、7-密封圈、8-工字型推管、9-扩径钻孔、10-止浆塞、11-围岩钻孔、12-外套管、13-外密封管、14-外压紧管、15-内密封管、16-注浆管、17-出浆口、18-锚固段、19-搭接管、20-尼龙管、21-出浆缝隙。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的具体实施例，如图1-4所示，本发明提供一种大变形恒阻支护注浆锚索，即注浆NPR锚索，注浆NPR锚索包括：锚索本体，锚索本体的末端设置有锚固段18，用于锚固在钻孔的孔底。恒阻器，包括恒阻体与恒阻套管6，恒阻体套设在锚索本体外围，恒阻套管6设置在恒阻体4外围，恒阻体用于在恒阻套管6中沿锚索轴向以恒定阻力移动。恒阻器密封组件，设置在恒阻器的末端，恒阻器密封组件用于封堵锚索本体与钻孔之间的缝隙，恒阻器压紧恒阻器密封组件。锚固组件，包括托盘3与锚具2，锚具2与托盘3均设置在锚索本体伸出围岩钻孔11的一端上，用于锚索本体在张拉达到设计预紧力后，对锚索本体进行锚固锁定。
通过在恒阻器的末端设置密封组件，实现了对钻孔与锚索本体之间的缝隙进行密封，能够便于提高注浆压力，同时还能够避免钻孔中的浆液溢出到恒阻器中，保证恒阻器不会与浆液接触。
恒阻器密封组件包括：密封圈7，密封圈7套设在锚索本体的外围，且设置在恒阻套管6的底部，用于对恒阻套管6的底部进行密封；在其他实施例中，密封圈7与恒阻套管6也可以是一体结构，在本实施例中，密封圈7与恒阻套管6分体设置，能够便于制作与安装。
止浆塞10，止浆塞10设置在锚索本体与钻孔之间，用于封堵缝隙提高注浆压力；在本实施例中，止浆塞10为圆管型，止浆塞10伸入到围岩钻孔11的部分为小径段，止浆塞10位于扩径钻孔9中的部分为大径段，大径段 为圆台形，大径段的直径从图1中右向左方向逐渐变大，以便于使得止浆塞10与推管的接触面积相适应；推件，推件设置在密封圈7与止浆塞10之间，用于将恒阻器的推力传递给止浆塞10。使得止浆塞10通过推件与恒阻器顶抵在一起，保证止浆塞10不会轻易退出围岩钻孔11，进而保证了止浆塞10始终具有密封效果。
推件为工字型推管8，工字型推管8套设在锚索本体上；工字型推管8靠近恒阻器一端的截面形状与密封圈7相同，工字型推管8靠近止浆塞10一端的截面形状与止浆塞10相同。工字型推管8能够加大与密封圈7、止浆塞10的接触面积，更加便于恒阻器与止浆塞10的顶推作用。
恒阻套管6的端部设置有法兰翻边，托盘3套设在恒阻套管6的外围，并被恒阻套管6的法律翻边压紧在围岩上；锚具2为夹片式锚具2，夹片式锚具2套设在锚索本体外围，并与恒阻体顶抵接触。
恒阻器的法兰边压紧托盘3，而夹片式锚具2不与托盘3直接接触，使得锚索在受外力发生变形后，锚索变形带动夹片式锚具2与恒阻体4同时向着围岩内部运动，恒阻体4在恒阻套管6中进行恒定阻力的滑动，实现锚索的恒阻变形，使得NPR锚索能够在发生发变形不会断裂，保证了锚索始终有效的支护。
在本实施例中，锚具2为夹片式锚具2，通过张拉机具反向张拉后锁紧固定，可提供高达30t的预紧力；托盘3可由伞形锚固托盘3和凹球面调脚垫环代替。
锚索本体包括多股钢绞线5与注浆管16，多股钢绞线5缠绕在注浆管16的外围，钢绞线5的长度大于注浆管16的长度，在锚索本体伸出钻孔的一端，钢绞线5与注浆管16平齐。在本实施例中，注浆管16采用注浆钢管，注浆钢管能够提高锚索本体的硬度与强度；在锚索本体伸出钻孔的端部设置有中空六角螺母1，中空六角螺母1与注浆管16连通，中空六角螺纹为浆液进口，配合浆液逆止阀使用，以便于与注浆设置连接。
在本实施例中，钢绞线5设置有8股，8股钢绞线5密实的将注浆钢管缠绕起来，钢绞线5采用NPR材质；使得该注浆NPR锚索具有更好的支护效果。一方面，针对破碎围岩大变形的支护手段，采用兼顾大变形量和恒定支护阻力的NPR锚索作为支护构件。注浆NPR锚索在NPR锚索施加预紧力 之后，锚索与围岩形成NPR岩体结构，可适应围岩较大变形。另一方面，通过中空钢绞线5注浆钢管压力注浆后，NPR锚索与破碎围岩的整体性进一步增加，形成更厚的组合拱，可应对破碎围岩的大变形，极大提高了破碎围岩的支护效果。注浆NPR锚索将NPR锚索施工工序与注浆工序结合在一起，实现了一孔两用，即能满足NPR锚索安装，又能满足注浆需要，使得施工更加便捷。
在注浆管16伸入钻孔的一端连接有塑料管，在注浆管16与塑料管的外围套设有搭接管19；锚索本体在塑料管与锚固段18之间为出浆口17，出浆口17为锚索本体扩径后，任意相邻钢绞线5之间的出浆缝隙21形成。
搭接管19与注浆管16、塑料管均存在相互搭接的部分，搭接管19用于将注浆管16与塑料管连接起来，注浆管16采用钢管便于增加锚索本体的结构强度，而在浆液出口位置使用塑料管，塑料管的弹性更大，更便于浆液的顺利流出。注浆钢管为浆液刚性运输通道，塑料管为浆液头像运输通道。
在本实施例中，塑料管为尼龙管20，尼龙管20强度高且韧性较好。将锚索本体进行扩径，并利用相邻钢绞线5之间的出浆缝隙21来形成出浆口17，不仅能够顺利出浆，而且能够保证锚索本体不会损坏，使得锚索本体始终具有较好的结构强度。
锚索本体上套设有外套管12，外套管12的一端位于恒阻套管6之内，另一端位于搭接管19之前。
外套管12不仅能够将锚索本体在搭接管19之前的一段箍筋为一个整体，而且使得此段的锚索本体具有更好的密封性。
注浆NPR锚索还包括锚索密封组件，锚索密封组件设置在外套管12靠近搭接管19的一端。
通过在外套管12的端部设置锚索密封组件，对锚索本体的靠近搭接管19的一端进行密封，也即是在靠近锚索本体出浆口17的位置进行密封，使得该注浆NPR锚索中形成双重密封，大大提高了注浆压力，使得注浆NPR锚索具有更好的注浆锚固效果。
锚索密封组件包括：内密封管15，内密封管15位于钢绞线5与注浆管16之间，内密封管15对应外套管12靠近出浆口17的一端设置；外密封管13，外密封管13设置在钢绞线5的外围，外密封管13与外套管12具有一段 搭接段。
内密封管15形成钢绞线5内部的密封结构，外密封管13能够对钢绞线5外部的密封结构，使得钢绞线5与注浆管16的内外连接处均进行密封，且此处锚索密封组件设置靠近出浆口17位置，形成在围岩钻孔11中的第一道密封，为形成较好的注浆压力提供基础。
锚索密封组件还包括外压紧管14，外压紧管14套设在外密封管13外围，外压紧管14填充在外密封管13与围岩钻孔11内壁之间，用于封堵外密封管13与围岩钻孔11之间的缝隙。
设置外压紧管14，不仅能够对内密封管15与外密封管13更好的压紧作用，而且能够将外密封管13与围岩钻孔11之间的缝隙填充满，使得锚索密封组件能够起到更好的密封效果。
该注浆NPR锚索使用过程如下：
首先在岩体内打好围岩钻孔11，随后在围岩钻孔11孔口段加工出扩径钻孔9，随后将数只锚固剂药卷送入围岩钻孔11孔底，之后将外部包覆有外套管12、外密封管13和外压紧管14的中空钢绞线5(装配好的锚索)装入围岩钻孔11内，通过外力带动中空钢绞线5搅拌插入围岩钻孔11孔底的树脂锚固剂，直到树脂锚固剂固化达到设计强度。
当中空钢绞线5通过树脂锚固剂锚固在围岩钻孔11孔底后，首先将止浆塞10穿入中空钢绞线5内，然后将托盘3从恒阻器6小端穿入，抵住恒阻器6大端后卡死，之后将底部安装有恒阻器底孔密封圈7和工字型推管8的恒阻器6穿入中空钢绞线5送入扩径钻孔9，最后在中空钢绞线5末端安装夹片式锚具2。
将夹片式锚具2推入恒阻器6端部，利用千斤顶张拉设备对中空钢绞线5施加预紧力，千斤顶住夹片式锚具2在中空钢绞线5上滑移，直到达到设计预紧力后，夹片式锚具2利用锥孔的楔紧原理将中空钢绞线5锚固。
当中空钢绞线5达到设计预紧力后，便可将千斤顶张拉设备移除，之后将带有浆液逆止阀的注浆设备与中空钢绞线5端部的中空六角螺母1连接，浆液依次通过中空六角螺母1、注浆钢管16、注浆尼龙管20、出浆口17和出浆缝隙21，最终流入围岩钻孔11内，通过反向注浆，浆液由围岩钻孔11孔底开始进入围岩裂隙内，待浆液固化后，便完成了对破碎围岩的注浆锚固。
此外，中空钢绞线5为工厂预制件，内部的注浆钢管16、内密封管15、搭接管19、注浆尼龙管20和中空六角螺母1均先进行预制嵌入安装，中空钢绞线5端部的中空六角螺母1带丝堵，注浆时需拧开丝堵。
再有，恒阻器6在送入扩径钻孔9前，需先将恒阻器底孔密封圈77和工字型推管8提前安装好。
为了避免注浆时产生漏浆以及浆液进入恒阻器6内部，本发明采用两道防止浆液外漏的措施。
第一道措施为外套管12、外密封管13、外压紧管14和内密封管15，一方面在外套管12和中空钢绞线5之间形成浆液阻挡，另一方面在中空钢绞线5内壁和注浆钢管16之间形成浆液阻挡，通过组合形式完成围岩钻孔11深部的第一道浆液阻挡。
第二道措施为恒阻器底孔密封圈7、工字型推管8和止浆塞10，通过组合形式完成对围岩钻孔11和扩径钻孔9的封堵以及扩径钻孔9和恒阻器6底部的封堵。通过以上两道防止浆液外漏的措施，确保围岩钻孔11孔底的浆液无法回流至外套管12和中空钢绞线5之间，以及浆液进入恒阻器6内部，一方面保证中空钢绞线5留有自由伸长段，即中空钢绞线5不会与浆液直接接触的一端，从而便于NPR锚索便于发挥其大变形能力；另一方面确保恒阻体4在恒阻器6内有滑移空间。经过上述两道浆液阻挡措施，可最大程度提高注浆压力，大幅改善注浆锚固效果。
综上所述，本发明提供的注浆NPR锚索的技术方案中，采用注浆管与多股钢绞线结合形成锚索本体，使其自带注浆芯管，无需现场绑扎注浆管和排气管，采用反向压力注浆，降低气穴空洞产生的概率。同时设置两道密封组件，能够有效的阻挡浆液；并最大程度提高注浆压力，大幅改善注浆锚固效果。

Claims (7)

  1. 注浆NPR锚索，其特征在于，所述注浆NPR锚索包括：
    锚索本体，所述锚索本体的末端设置有锚固段，用于锚固在钻孔的孔底；
    恒阻器，包括恒阻体与恒阻套管，所述恒阻体套设在所述锚索本体外围，所述恒阻套管设置在所述恒阻体外围，所述恒阻体用于在所述恒阻套管中沿锚索轴向以恒定阻力移动；
    恒阻器密封组件，设置在恒阻器的末端，所述恒阻器密封组件用于封堵锚索本体与钻孔之间的缝隙，所述恒阻器压紧所述恒阻器密封组件；
    锚固组件，包括托盘与锚具，所述锚具与托盘均设置在锚索本体伸出围岩钻孔的一端上，用于锚索本体在张拉达到设计预紧力后，对锚索本体进行锚固锁定，所述恒阻器密封组件包括：
    密封圈，所述密封圈套设在锚索本体的外围，且设置在恒阻套管的底部，用于对恒阻套管的底部进行密封；
    止浆塞，所述止浆塞设置在所述锚索本体与钻孔之间，用于封堵缝隙提高注浆压力；
    推件，所述推件设置在所述密封圈与所述止浆塞之间，用于将恒阻器的推力传递给止浆塞，推件为工字型推管，所述工字型推管套设在所述锚索本体上；
    所述工字型推管靠近恒阻器一端的截面形状与所述密封圈相同，所述工字型推管靠近止浆塞一端的截面形状与所述止浆塞相同，所述恒阻套管的端部设置有法兰翻边，所述托盘套设在恒阻套管的外围，并被恒阻套管的法律翻边压紧在围岩上；
    所述锚具为夹片式锚具，所述夹片式锚具套设在锚索本体外围，并与所述恒阻体顶抵接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的注浆NPR锚索，其特征在于，所述锚索本体包括多股钢绞线与注浆管，多股钢绞线缠绕在所述注浆管的外围，钢绞线的长度大于所述注浆管的长度，在锚索本体伸出钻孔的一端，钢绞线与注浆管平齐。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的注浆NPR锚索，其特征在于，在注浆管伸入钻孔的一端连接有塑料管，在所述注浆管与塑料管的外围套设有搭接管；
    所述锚索本体在塑料管与锚固段之间为出浆口，所述出浆口为锚索本体扩径后，任意相邻钢绞线之间的出浆缝隙形成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的注浆NPR锚索，其特征在于，所述锚索本体上套设有外套管，所述外套管的一端位于恒阻套管之内，另一端位于搭接管之前。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的注浆NPR锚索，其特征在于，所述注浆NPR锚索还包括锚索密封组件，所述锚索密封组件设置在外套管靠近搭接管的一端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的注浆NPR锚索，其特征在于，所述锚索密封组件包括：内密封管，所述内密封管位于钢绞线与注浆管之间，所述内密封管对应外套管靠近出浆口的一端设置；
    外密封管，所述外密封管设置在钢绞线的外围，所述外密封管与所述外套管具有一段搭接段。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的注浆NPR锚索，其特征在于，所述锚索密封组件还包括外压紧管，所述外压紧管套设在所述外密封管外围，所述外压紧管填充在外密封管与围岩钻孔内壁之间，用于封堵外密封管与围岩钻孔之间的缝隙。
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