WO2015103862A1 - 一种基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法 - Google Patents

一种基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法 Download PDF

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WO2015103862A1
WO2015103862A1 PCT/CN2014/082187 CN2014082187W WO2015103862A1 WO 2015103862 A1 WO2015103862 A1 WO 2015103862A1 CN 2014082187 W CN2014082187 W CN 2014082187W WO 2015103862 A1 WO2015103862 A1 WO 2015103862A1
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cable
hole
paste slurry
anchor
paste
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PCT/CN2014/082187
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张农
薛飞
路抗
郑西贵
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中国矿业大学
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting

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  • the invention relates to the control and support technology of surrounding rock of coal mine roadway, in particular to a full-scale anchoring pre-stressed anchoring support method based on paste material suitable for deep soft rock roadway.
  • the prestressed full-length anchoring technology is a new type of reliability roadway support technology developed on the basis of ordinary bolt support technology. Because it can apply large prestress, it can actively support the surrounding rock of the roadway. Lane support plays an important role.
  • Full-length anchored anchor/cable the anchoring agent anchors the anchor/rope body to the borehole wall, effectively increasing the stiffness of the bolt/rope support system.
  • the full-length anchoring is carried out, the stress and strain are distributed unevenly along the length of the anchor rod, which makes the rod body sensitive to the deformation and separation of the surrounding rock, and can suppress the separation and sliding in time.
  • the full-length anchoring When the full-length anchoring is good, the stress state of the bolt is good, and the support resistance provided to the surrounding rock in the anchorage range is large, so the C and the value of the layer and the weak surface can be greatly increased; in addition, the full-length anchor can not only make the bolt have It has high anchoring force and makes the bolt have certain shearing ability. Therefore, it is an important means to strengthen the support of the roadway in difficult and complex roadways with large sections, geological structure damaged sections, weak roof and thick ground and high ground stress.
  • the key to the prestressed full-length anchoring technology is to bond the anchor/cable, anchoring agent and hole wall into an organic whole to jointly suppress the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
  • Conventional cement-based anchoring agents due to their inherent solidification and shrinkage characteristics, prevent the anchoring agent from filling the borehole, thus failing to achieve full-length anchoring.
  • the prestressed full-length anchoring technology has been paid more and more attention because of its high reliability, low cost and simple construction process, and has become the preferred solution for roadway support.
  • the more mature full-length anchoring technology is mainly hollow grouting anchor/cable, which has the advantage of using traditional cement slurry as anchoring agent, which is simple in preparation and low in price.
  • this method has problems such as difficulty in sealing and easy to run slurry.
  • the cement grout is relatively large, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the anchorage strength of the large deformation roadway.
  • the "a prestressed full-length anchoring support technology" with the publication number CN10194929A adopts a combination process of fast and slow solidification resin rolls, which has the advantage that the anchor/cable is sensitive to the deformation of the surrounding rock and can suppress the separation of the surrounding rock in time. With sliding, reduce the anchor/rope support density.
  • this method requires a large thrust on the anchor/cable, which is difficult to implement in the field construction.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a simple, easy to construct, and effective method for pre-stressed anchor pre-stressed full-length anchoring support based on paste material.
  • the full-scale anchoring pre-stressed full-length anchoring support method based on the paste material of the invention comprises the following steps: drilling the hole on the rock face of the roadway (6), clearing the hole, and preparing the paste slurry on the spot (9); Proceed as follows:
  • V' calculate the amount of paste slurry required for anchoring
  • V-resin roll volume D 2 - drill hole diameter, - anchor / cable diameter
  • the paste slurry is prepared by mass ratio of water, cement and anchoring additive, wherein the mass ratio of water to cement is 0.25-0.35, and the anchoring additive is 3% ⁇ 5% of cement.
  • the invention adopts a resin powder roll and a paste slurry as an anchoring agent, and the resin medicine roll is anchored at the end. After the pre-tightening force is applied, the paste slurry is solidified to form a full-length anchor, which has high bonding strength and fast curing.
  • the paste grouting liquid has good thixotropy and fluidity, and the viscosity of the Markov funnel can reach about 50s, and there is no falling phenomenon due to the influence of gravity, which can effectively avoid the ordinary cement slurry.
  • the innovation adopts the first-injection and post-anchor process to ensure that the anchoring agent is filled with the borehole to achieve the full-length anchoring purpose, and at the same time, the pre-tightening force is applied to the anchor/cable, thus combining the pre-tightening force with the full-length anchoring machine.
  • the rigidity of the bolt/cable support system is effectively improved, and the control effect of the anchor/cable on the deformation of the surrounding rock is significantly improved, especially for the roadway where the intersection of the coal lane, the fault zone and the fracture zone are difficult to support due to the mining. Good support effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the grouting process of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the anchor/cable
  • the diameter of the drill hole is 28 mm
  • the diameter of the anchor/cable is 22 mm
  • the diameter of the resin anchor is 23 mm
  • the length is 350 mm.
  • the desired paste slurry is calculated to be 0.37 L from the above formula.
  • Tension preloading is applied to the anchor/cable 8 using a tensioning jack, and a pre-tightening force is applied in the entire length of the anchor/cable 8. Finally, the full-length anchoring is formed after the paste slurry 9 is solidified for 6 hours.
  • the slurry is set with retarding paste slurry 10: 2000 g of cement, 600 g of water, 60 g of FLOWCABLE anchoring additive produced by BASF, fully stirred and then obtained The desired paste slurry 9.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法,采用膏体浆液和树脂药卷作为锚固剂;先向钻孔内注入膏体浆液,然后将树脂药卷用锚杆/索推入钻孔孔底,挤出的膏体浆液便充填满锚杆/索与钻孔之间的环形空隙;最后开动锚杆钻机对孔底的树脂药卷进行搅拌,在锚杆/索的外露段依次装上托板、穹形球体、减摩增压垫圈、驱动螺母,使用扭矩扳手或张拉仪对锚杆/索外露段进行张拉施加预紧力,待膏体浆液凝固后即形成全长锚固。该方法将预应力与全长锚固有机结合,可以改善深井软岩巷道的支护效果,且施工工艺简单无需喷浆、封孔等工序,可广泛用于深部矿井煤岩巷加固及其他岩土加固工程中。

Description

一种基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法
技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿巷道围岩的控制与支护技术,具体地说是一种适用于深部软岩巷道的基 于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法。
背景技术
预应力全长锚固技术是在普通锚杆支护技术基础上发展起来的新型可靠性巷道支护技 术, 由于其可施加较大的预应力, 对巷道围岩起到主动支护作用, 在煤巷支护中占有重要地 位。 全长锚固的锚杆 /索, 锚固剂将锚杆 /索杆体与钻孔孔壁粘结在一起, 有效地提高了锚杆 /索支护系统的刚度。 全长锚固时应力应变沿锚杆长度方向分布极不均匀, 使杆体对围岩变 形和离层很敏感, 能及时抑制离层与滑动。全长锚固时锚杆的受力状态好, 提供给锚固范围 内围岩的支护阻力大, 因而可大大增加层面及弱面的 C、 值; 此外, 全长锚固不仅可以使 锚杆具有较高的锚固力, 而且使锚杆具有一定的抗剪能力; 因而在大断面、地质构造破坏地 段、 顶板软弱且较厚、 高地应力等困难、 复杂巷道中, 成为巷道加强支护的重要手段。
预应力全长锚固技术的关键是将锚杆 /索、 锚固剂、 孔壁粘结为一有机整体, 共同抑制 巷道围岩的变形。传统的水泥浆基锚固剂由于其本身具有的凝固收缩特性,使锚固剂不能充 满钻孔, 从而达不到全长锚固目的。而且随着我国煤炭开采向着深度和广度的发展, 面临着 深部软岩巷道高地应力、大变形、受采动影响剧烈等问题。预应力全长锚固技术以其高可靠 性、 成本低廉、 施工工艺简单等优点而越来越受到重视, 成为巷道支护首选方案。
目前, 应用比较成熟的全长锚固技术主要是中空注浆锚杆 /索, 其优点是采用传统的水 泥浆液作为锚固剂, 配制简单, 价格低廉。 但该方法存在封孔困难、 易跑浆漏浆等问题, 同 时为了注浆方便一般水泥浆液水灰比较大,很难满足大变形巷道对锚固剂强度的要求。公开 号为 CN10194929A的 "一种预应力全长锚固支护技术"采用快慢凝固树脂药卷组合工艺, 其优点是使锚杆 /索对围岩离层变形很敏感, 能及时抑制围岩离层与滑动, 降低锚杆 /索支护 密度。 但是该方法对锚杆 /索顶推力要求较大, 在现场施工中很难实施。
发明内容
技术问题: 本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处, 提供一种简单、 易施工、 效果 好的基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法。
技术方案:本发明的基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法,包括对巷道岩 面上施工钻孔 (6)、 清孔, 现场配制膏体浆液 (9); 其步骤如下:
a、 根据公式: V' = 计算出锚固所需膏体浆液注入量,
Figure imgf000003_0001
式中: V-树脂药卷体积, D2-钻孔直径, -锚杆 /索直径;
b、 通过流量计控制钻孔膏体浆液注入量, 先在所述巷道岩面上的钻孔内插入与注浆泵 相连的软管, 直至深入钻孔的底部, 然后开启注浆泵, 通过软管向钻孔内注入膏体浆液, 边 注入边将软管缓慢抽出, 以使膏体浆液填满软管抽出后形成的空隙;
c、 用锚杆 /索将树脂药卷推入注有膏体浆液的钻孔内, 挤压外出的膏体浆液充填在锚杆 /索周围的环形缝内, 开启锚杆钻机对孔底的树脂药卷进行搅拌, 搅拌时边推边搅, 搅拌 30 秒后将锚杆 /索推至孔底后, 再搅拌 5秒后停止搅拌, 在锚杆 /索的外露段依次装上托板、 穹 形球体、 减摩增压垫圈、 驱动螺母;
d、 用扭矩扳手或张拉仪对锚杆 /索外露段进行张拉施加预紧力, 待膏体浆液凝固 6小时 后即完成全长锚固支护。
所述的膏体浆液由水、水泥、锚固添加剂按质量比配制而成, 其中水和水泥的质量比为 0.25-0.35, 锚固添加剂为水泥量的 3%~5%。
有益效果: 本发明采用树脂药卷与膏体浆液作为锚固剂, 树脂药卷进行端头锚固, 施加 预紧力后, 待膏体浆液凝固后形成全长锚固, 具有粘结强度高、 固化快、 安全可靠性高等优 点, 膏体注浆液具有较好的触变性和流动性, 其马氏漏斗粘度值可以达到 50s左右, 不会因 重力影响出现流坠现象,能够有效避免普通水泥浆液易跑漏的问题,创新采用先灌后锚工艺, 确保锚固剂充满钻孔, 达到全长锚固目的, 同时对锚杆 /索施加预紧力, 这样就将预紧力与 全长锚固有机结合, 有效提高了锚杆 /索支护系统刚度, 显著提高了锚杆 /索对围岩变形的控 制效果, 尤其对煤巷交叉点、 断层带、破碎带受采动影响难于支护的巷道具有较好的支护效 果。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的注浆过程示意图;
图 2为锚杆 /索安装示意图;
图中, 1-巷道岩面, 2-托板, 3-穹形球体, 4-减摩垫圈, 5-驱动螺母, 6-钻孔, 7-树脂药 卷, 8-锚杆 /索, 9-膏体浆液, 10-软管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述:
实施例 1、
( 1 )按水和水泥比为 0.25进行拌浆配制膏体浆液 9: 取水泥 2000克, 水 500克, 由巴 斯夫公司生产的 FLOWCABLE锚固添加剂 60克, 完全搅拌均匀后制备出膏体浆液 9; (2) 在巷道岩面 1施工钻孔 6, 钻孔直径为 28mm, 钻孔深度为 2200mm, 并清孔;
( 3 ) 根据公式 v' = i 计算出锚固所需膏体浆液注入量; 式中 V-锚固剂 体积; D2_钻孔直径; -锚杆 /索直径;
取钻孔直径为 28mm,锚杆 /索直径为 22mm,树脂锚固剂直径为 23mm,长度为 350mm; 则由上述公式计算出所需膏体浆液为 0.37L。
(4) 将内径为 15mm外径为 22mm的软管 10插入钻孔 6的底部, 打开注浆泵, 将配 置好的膏体浆液 9通过软管 10注入钻孔 6内, 通过注浆泵上的计量装置来控制注入量; 一 边注入膏体浆液一边将软管 10慢慢抽出, 使膏体浆液 9填满抽出软管 10的空隙;
( 5 )将直径为 23mm,长度为 350mm的树脂药卷 7用直径为 22mm长度为 2200mm的 锚杆 /索 8推入钻孔 6底部, 向外挤出的膏体浆液 10充填在锚杆 /索 8与钻孔 6之间的环形 空间内, 开动锚杆钻机带动锚杆 /索 8搅拌树脂药卷 7, 搅拌时注意边推边搅 (搅拌 30秒), 将锚杆 8/索推至钻孔 6底部后, 再搅拌 5秒左右, 然后停止搅拌, 在锚杆 /索 8的外露段按 常规方法依次装好托板 2、 穹形球体 3、 减摩增压垫圈 4、 驱动螺母 5;
( 6) 使用张拉千斤顶对锚杆 /索 8进行张拉预紧, 在锚杆 /索 8全长范围内施加预紧力, 最后待膏体浆液 9凝固 6小时后即形成全长锚固。
实施例 2、
与实施例 1基本相同, 相同之处略。 不同之处: 按水和水泥比为 0.3进行拌浆配置缓凝 膏体浆液 10: 再取水泥 2000克, 水 600克, 由巴斯夫公司生产的 FLOWCABLE锚固添加 剂 60克, 完全搅拌均匀后即得所需的膏体浆液 9。
实施例 3、
与实施例 1基本相同, 相同之处略。 不同之处: 按水灰比为 0.35进行拌浆配置膏体浆 液 10: 取水泥 2000克, 水 700克, 由巴斯夫公司生产的 FLOWCABLE锚固添加剂 60克, 完全搅拌均匀后即得所需的膏体浆液 9。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法, 包括对巷道岩面 (1 ) 上施 工钻孔 (6)、 清孔, 现场配制膏体浆液 (9); 其特征在于:
a、 根据公式: ' = (D2H— 计算出锚固所需膏体浆液注入量, 式中: V-树脂药卷体积, D2-钻孔直径, -锚杆 /索直径;
b、 通过流量计控制计算出钻孔所需的膏体浆液注入量, 先在所述巷道岩面 (1 ) 上的钻 孔 (6) 内插入与注浆泵相连的软管 (10), 直至深入钻孔 (6) 的底部, 然后开启注浆泵, 通过软管 (10) 向钻孔 (6) 内注入膏体浆液 (9), 边注入边将软管 (10) 缓慢抽出, 以使 膏体浆液 (9) 填满软管 (10) 抽出后形成的空隙; c、 用锚杆 /索 (8 ) 将树脂药卷 (7 ) 推入注有膏体浆液 (9) 的钻孔内, 受挤压外出的 膏体浆液 (9) 充填在锚杆 /索 (8) 周围的环形缝内, 开启锚杆钻机对孔底的树脂药卷 (7) 进行搅拌, 搅拌时边推边搅, 搅拌 30秒后将锚杆 /索 (8) 推至孔底后, 再搅拌 5秒后停止 搅拌, 在锚杆 /索 (8 ) 的外露段依次装上托板 (2)、 穹形球体 (3 )、 减摩增压垫圈 (4)、 驱 动螺母 (5);
d、 用扭矩扳手或张拉仪对锚杆 /索 (8 ) 外露段进行张拉施加预紧力, 待膏体浆液 (9) 凝固 6小时后即完成全长锚固支护。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法, 其特征在 于: 所述的膏体浆液 (9) 由水、 水泥、 锚固添加剂按质量比配制而成, 其中水和水泥的质 量比为 0.25~0.35, 锚固添加剂为水泥量的 3%~5%。
PCT/CN2014/082187 2014-01-09 2014-07-15 一种基于膏体材料的先灌后锚预应力全长锚固支护方法 WO2015103862A1 (zh)

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