WO2014139274A1 - 双通道压电喷油器 - Google Patents

双通道压电喷油器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014139274A1
WO2014139274A1 PCT/CN2013/083664 CN2013083664W WO2014139274A1 WO 2014139274 A1 WO2014139274 A1 WO 2014139274A1 CN 2013083664 W CN2013083664 W CN 2013083664W WO 2014139274 A1 WO2014139274 A1 WO 2014139274A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
needle valve
dual
channel
oil
oil passage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/083664
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尧命发
李永志
郑尊清
童来会
张翔宇
Original Assignee
天津大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 天津大学 filed Critical 天津大学
Priority to US14/235,081 priority Critical patent/US9447761B2/en
Publication of WO2014139274A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014139274A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0694—Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention is applied to a dual fuel engine high pressure common rail electronically controlled fuel injection system (or a dual rail engine high pressure common rail electronically controlled fuel injection system), in particular to a dual fuel injection system of a dual fuel engine (or a dual rail engine).
  • Device. Background technique
  • the fuel injection system applied to the dual fuel engine is mostly a double injector system, that is, two injectors are used to realize different injection modes in three different installation modes: one injector is installed in the intake manifold The other one is mounted on the cylinder head to realize fuel injection outside the fuel tank and fuel injection in another fuel tank; both injectors are installed on the intake manifold to realize fuel injection outside the dual fuel tank; The injectors are mounted on the cylinder head to achieve fuel injection in the dual fuel tank.
  • the first two of the above three fuel injection methods can be realized by modifying the existing single fuel injection engine, but there are specific restrictions on the physical properties of the fuel, that is, the fuel injected from the cylinder is required to have high volatility.
  • the third type has broad development prospects because it does not require physical properties of the fuel.
  • this method complicates the structure of the cylinder head, and the modification on the existing single-injection multi-valve engine becomes particularly difficult, resulting in an increase in the cost of manufacture and use. Summary of the invention
  • the technical solution of the dual-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the present invention is to include a dual-channel injector body, and the bottom end of the dual-channel injector body is sequentially connected with an upper intermediate body and a lower intermediate portion.
  • the top of the dual-channel injector body is provided with two oil pipe interfaces, each of which is provided with a fuel pipe oil passage, and the two-channel fuel injector body has two bodies a laminated piezoelectric actuator and two injection oil passages respectively communicating with the two oil passages of the oil pipe; the upper intermediate body and the lower intermediate body are connected to form an intermediate connecting body; the intermediate connecting body is provided with An outer control oil passage, an outer fuel injection oil passage, an inner control oil passage and an inner fuel injection oil passage which are connected from top to bottom; an outer working stroke amplifier of the inverted control cone is provided at the top end of the outer control oil passage
  • the bottom of the outer control oil passage is provided with an annular groove Controlling an oil chamber; a bottom end of the outer fuel injection passage is connected to the outer pressure chamber; a top end of the inner control oil passage is provided with an inner working stroke amplifier of an inverted tapered cavity, and the inner control oil passage is The middle part is provided with an inner control oil chamber; the lower part of the inner fuel injection
  • the bottom and the bottom of the outer hole of the sleeve form a double channel; the bottom ends of the two laminated piezoelectric actuators are respectively embedded in the inner control oil passage in the intermediate connecting body and the upper port of the outer inner control oil passage;
  • the layered piezoelectric actuator controls the high pressure fuel pressure in the fuel control chamber to form a pressure difference with the high pressure fuel pressure in the internal pressure chamber or the external pressure chamber to control the inner needle and the outer needle in the dual channel needle valve body
  • the opening and closing of the valve controls the injection action of the inner injector and the outer injector.
  • the dual-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the invention adopts a laminated piezoelectric actuator direct driving mode, thereby making the fuel injection action more rapid, improving the sensitivity of the injector, and having a solenoid valve control and a piezoelectric actuator. Indirect control of fuel injection for better fuel injection performance;
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a two-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the fuel injector shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a bottom view of the fuel injector shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a left side sectional view of the fuel injector shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a rear cross-sectional view of the fuel injector of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the dual-channel needle valve body 1 shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the dual-channel needle valve body 1 shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the dual channel needle valve body 1 shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the outer needle valve 3 shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the lower intermediate body 4 shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the lower intermediate body 4 shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the upper intermediate body 5 shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the upper intermediate body 5 shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of the laminated piezoelectric actuator shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of the dual-channel injector body 9 shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 16 is a bottom plan view of the dual-channel injector body 9 of Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a left side sectional view of the dual-channel injector body 9 shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 18 is a rear elevational view of the dual channel injector body 9 of Figure 15.
  • the two-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the present invention mainly comprises a double-channel needle valve body 1, an inner needle valve 2, an outer needle valve 3, and a lower intermediate body. 4.
  • the upper intermediate body 5 the inner channel laminated piezoelectric actuator 6, the outer channel laminated piezoelectric actuator 7, the fastening body 8 and the dual channel injector body 9.
  • the dual-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the present invention comprises a dual-channel injector body 9, and the bottom end of the dual-channel injector body 9 is sequentially connected with an upper intermediate body 5, a lower intermediate body 4 and a double-channel needle valve body 1
  • the top end of the dual-channel injector body 9 is provided with two oil pipe interfaces 93, and each of the oil pipe interfaces 93 is provided with a oil pipe oil passage 98.
  • the two-channel fuel injector body 9 is provided with two layers.
  • the piezoelectric actuator and two injection oil passages respectively communicating with the two oil passages of the oil pipe are shown in Figs. 5 and 18. As shown in FIG.
  • the positioning and connection between the two-channel injector body 9, the upper intermediate body 5, the lower intermediate body 4 and the two-channel needle valve body 1 are configured by a positioning pin and a positioning hole.
  • the outer portion of the upper intermediate body 5, the lower intermediate body 4 and the double-channel needle valve body 1 are provided with a fastening sleeve 8 which is tightly coupled to the dual-channel injector body 9.
  • FIG. 4 As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 8, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, the upper intermediate body 5 and the lower intermediate body 4 are connected to form an intermediate connecting body;
  • the outer control oil passages 45, 55, the outer fuel injection passages 44, 54, the inner control oil passage 56 and the inner fuel injection oil passages 47, 57 are connected from the top to the bottom, and the top end of the outer control oil passage 55 is provided with a pouring
  • An outer working stroke amplifier 53 of the tapered cavity, the bottom of the outer control oil passage 45 is provided with an outer control oil chamber 46 having an annular groove shape; the top end of the inner control oil passage 56 is provided with an inner portion of the inverted tapered cavity
  • the working stroke amplifier 51 is provided with an inner control oil chamber 58 in the middle of the inner control oil passage, and an inner pressure chamber 49 is disposed at a lower portion of the inner fuel injection passage 47; the bottom end of the outer fuel injection passage 44 is connected To the outer pressure chamber 16.
  • the two-channel needle valve body 1 is provided with a needle valve hole of a sleeve structure, and the bottom of the sleeve structure is respectively provided with an inner fuel injection for the inner hole of the sleeve to penetrate with the outside.
  • an outer pressure chamber 16 is disposed at a middle portion of the outer hole of the sleeve, and the outer fuel injection passage 44 of the intermediate connector extends downward to The outer pressure chamber 16; the top of the outer hole of the sleeve communicates with the outer control oil chamber 46 of the annular groove in the bottom end of the intermediate connector, thereby forming a first space for placing the outer needle valve 3, the outer needle
  • the valve 3 is provided with an outer needle valve sealing cone surface, an outer needle valve pressure cone surface and an outer needle valve inner cylindrical surface, the axial dimension of the first space is larger than the length of the outer needle valve 3;
  • the top communicates with the inner control oil chamber 58 in the intermediate connector to form a second space for placing the inner needle valve 2, the inner needle valve 2 is provided with an inner needle sealing cone and an inner needle bearing pressure cone
  • the axial dimension of the second space is greater than the length of the inner needle valve 2; the outer needle valve 3 and
  • the outer fuel injection oil passage and the inner fuel injection oil passage are respectively connected with two injection oil passages in the two-channel injector body 9, thereby spraying from the two-channel
  • the two oil passages of the oil body body 9 respectively form a double channel to the bottom of the sleeve inner hole of the double-channel needle valve body 1 and the bottom of the outer hole of the sleeve;
  • the laminated piezoelectric actuator 6 is composed of a driver sealing body 61, a driver bearing body 62, and a terminal 63 connected to a control circuit.
  • the bottom ends of the two laminated piezoelectric actuators 6, 7 are respectively embedded in the upper ports of the inner control oil passage 56 and the outer control oil passage 55 in the intermediate joint; through the two laminated piezoelectric actuators 6, 7 To control the high pressure fuel pressure in the fuel control chamber to form a pressure difference with the high pressure fuel pressure in the outer pressure chamber 16 or the inner pressure chamber 49 to control the inner needle and the outer needle in the two-channel needle valve body 1.
  • the opening and closing of the valve controls the injection operation of the inner injector 11 and the outer injector 12.
  • the inner passage oil passage formed in the present invention is: the driver seal body 61 at the lower portion of the inner channel laminated piezoelectric actuator 6, the inner working stroke amplifier 51, the inner control oil passage 56 and the inner control oil chamber 58 form an inner passage control oil passage
  • the inner fuel injection passage 47, the inner fuel injection passage 54, the inner pressure chamber 49, the inner needle valve pressure taper surface, the inner needle valve sealing cone surface and the inner fuel injector 11 form an inner passage fuel injection passage. See Figure 10 to Figure 14.
  • the outer passage oil passage formed in the present invention is: a driver seal body 61 at the lower portion of the outer passage laminated piezoelectric actuator 7, an outer working stroke amplifier 53, an outer control oil passage 55, an outer control oil passage 45, and an outer control oil chamber 46.
  • External channel control Oil passage, external fuel injection passage 44, external fuel injection passage 57, external injection oil passage 14, external pressure chamber 16, outer needle valve pressure cone surface 32, outer needle valve sealing cone surface 31 and outer fuel injector 12 forms an outer channel fuel injection passage. See Figures 10 to 14.
  • the partition structure of the above two-channel oil passage the main body partition wall 99 (shown in FIG. 15) is located on the center plane of the inner working stroke amplifier 51 and the outer working stroke amplifier 53, and is in sealing contact with the upper surface of the upper intermediate body 5 to realize the inner oil.
  • the main body oil chamber 96 and the outer oil passage body oil chamber 97 are completely separated; the upper surface of the needle valve body partition wall 13 and the lower surface of the lower intermediate partition wall 43 are in sealing contact, thereby separating the oil passages of the inner and outer passages; in addition, the double passage needle valve body 1.
  • the space design of the oil passage on the lower intermediate body 4 and the upper intermediate body 5 realizes the separation of the control oil passage and the fuel injection oil passage and the separation of the oil passages inside and outside the passage.
  • the fixing and connecting forms of the connecting portions are as shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 : the positioning holes 15 and 41 are respectively provided on the contact faces of the two-channel needle valve body 1 and the lower intermediate body 4 to Positioning pin A is placed for precise positioning of the two-channel needle valve body 1 and the lower intermediate body 4; similarly, positioning holes are provided on the contact faces of the lower intermediate body 4 and the upper intermediate body 5 (the lower intermediate body 4 and The positioning hole on the upper intermediate body 5 is not shown) to place the positioning pin B for precise positioning of the lower intermediate body 4 and the upper intermediate body 5; the fastening body 8 will have a double channel needle valve body 1, a lower intermediate body 4, The upper intermediate body 5 and the dual channel injector body 9 are tightly joined together by a threaded structure.
  • the outer needle valve 3 and the inner wall of the first space are gap-fitted, and are formed therebetween a moving pair
  • the inner needle valve 2 and the inner wall of the second space that is, the inner surface of the inner needle guide holes 40 and 48 and the outer cylindrical surface of the inner needle valve 2 are gap-fitted, both of which A mobile pair is also formed between them. See Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11.
  • the working principle of the two-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the invention is the working principle of the two-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the invention:
  • FIG. 5 As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8 and FIG. 17, two oil pipe joints 93, a fuel pipe oil passage 98, a main body partition wall 99, an upper intermediate body 5, a lower intermediate body 4, and a needle valve body are provided in the present invention.
  • the partition wall 13 is formed by two sealing, non-interfering, two-channel oil passages through sealing, positioning and drilling design, and each oil passage includes a control oil passage and a fuel injection oil passage;
  • the driver seals 61 of the two laminated piezoelectric actuators 6, 7 are respectively sealed with the outer and inner working stroke amplifiers of the upper intermediate body 5, and the two working-time amplifiers are
  • the high pressure oil outlet is respectively connected with the top surfaces of the inner and outer needle valves to form two control oil passages;
  • the shortening and extension of the laminated piezoelectric actuator is controlled by controlling the voltage value on the laminated piezoelectric actuator terminal.
  • the driving sealing body moves upwards to drive the fuel pressure in the control oil chamber to decrease, so that the fuel pressure in the pressure chamber is greater than that in the control oil chamber.
  • the pressure of the needle valve is moved upwards to control the fuel injection of the injector.
  • the actuator sealing body is moved downward to drive the fuel pressure in the control oil chamber to rise, so that the fuel pressure in the pressure chamber is less than the pressure in the control oil chamber, and the needle valve is moved downward. Close, and then control the fuel injector to cut off the oil.
  • the two working stroke amplifiers use a small amount of shortening or elongation of the two laminated piezoelectric actuators to cause a large displacement variation of the inner and outer needle valves, which in turn controls the effective opening and closing of the needle valve.
  • the process of the fuel injection control of the two-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the invention is:
  • the outer channel injection action is directly controlled by controlling the shortening or elongation of the outer channel laminated piezoelectric actuator 7.
  • the two-channel piezoelectric fuel injector of the invention has the same size and size as the conventional fuel injector, and eliminates the structure of the two injector mounting holes used in the direct injection of dual fuel in the cylinder, which simplifies the complexity of the cylinder head; Dual fuel (or single fuel double oil rail) injection, which can achieve multiple injections of dual fuel (or single fuel) different injection pressures, while reducing manufacturing and use costs; when spraying fuel early, using internal spray The oil nozzle is sprayed to avoid the phenomenon that the wet wall is aggravated when the common injector is sprayed early; when the two injectors simultaneously spray oil, the injection angle can be changed by mutual collision and interference between the two oil bundles, further Avoid the wet wall phenomenon in the case of early spraying; the present invention can provide good fuel injection characteristics, and can meet the needs of future dual fuel engines and dual rail engines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种双通道压电喷油器，包括双通道喷油器本体（9），其底端依次连接有上中间体（5）、下中间体（4）和双通道针阀体（1），其顶端设有两个油管接口（93）且每个油管接口（93）内均设有油管油道（98），其内部设有两个积层式压电驱动器（6，7）和两条分别与两根油管油道（98）连通的喷油油道；上中间体（5）和下中间体（4）连接后形成一中间连接体，在中间连接体中设置有自上而下贯通的外控制油道（45，55）、外喷油油道（14，44，57）、内控制油道（56）和内喷油油道（47，54）；双通道针阀体（1）是套筒结构，其内部设有内喷油嘴（11）和外喷油嘴（12）；两个积层式压电驱动器（6，7）控制中间连接体内的内控制油道（56）和外控制油道（45，55）内的油压以控制双通道针阀体（1）内的内针阀（2）和外针阀（3）的开启和关闭，进而控制内喷油嘴（11）和外喷油嘴（12）的喷油动作。本发明的喷油器结构简单，制造成本低，可以满足双燃料发动机和双轨发动机的需要。

Description

双通道压电喷油器 技术领域
本发明应用于双燃料发动机高压共轨电控喷油系统 (或者是双轨发动机高压共轨电控 喷油系统)，特别是应用于双燃料发动机 (或者是双轨发动机）的双通道压电喷油器。 背景技术
在能源逐渐枯竭和环境污染日益恶化的双重压力下，内燃机工业呈现出井喷式发展势 头， 各种新型燃烧技术层出不穷， 双燃料燃烧技术应运而生。 随着电控技术的进步和内燃 机设计水平的提高， 柴油机技术、汽油机技术和汽油 /天然气双燃料发动机、天然气 /柴油 双燃料发动机、汽油 /柴油发动机、生物柴油 /柴油发动机等双燃料发动机技术得到了快速 的发展。
由于内燃机的缸内燃烧状况直接影响着发动机的综合性能，所以合理组织喷油进而控 制缸内燃烧是提高发动机性能的最直接、最有效的方法。 目前， 应用于双燃料发动机的燃 油喷射系统大都是双喷油器系统，即采用两个喷油器以三种不同的安装方式实现不同的喷 油方式： 一个喷油器安装在进气歧管上， 另一个安装在气缸盖上， 实现一种燃料缸外喷油 另一种燃料缸内喷油； 两个喷油器都安装在进气歧管上， 实现双燃料缸外喷油； 两个喷油 器都安装在气缸盖上， 实现双燃料缸内喷油。
以上三种喷油方式中前两种可通过对现有的单喷油发动机进行改装而实现，但对燃料 的物理特性有特定的限制， 即要求缸外喷射的燃料具有较高的挥发性。
第三种由于对燃料的物理特性没有要求， 因此具有广大发展前景。但此方式会使得气 缸盖的结构变得复杂，在现有的单喷油多气门发动机上的改装变得尤其困难， 使得其制造 和使用的成本加大。 发明内容
本发明的目的就是克服现有技术存在的问题和不足， 提供一种应用于双燃料发动机 (或者是双轨发动机）的双通道压电喷油器。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明双通道压电喷油器予以实现的技术方案是：包括双通 道喷油器本体，所述双通道喷油器本体的底端依次连接有上中间体、下中间体和双通道针 阀体;所述双通道喷油器本体的顶端设有两个油管接口，每个油管接口内均设有油管油道， 所述双通道喷油器本体内设有两个积层式压电驱动器和两条分别与两根油管油道连通的 喷油油道；所述上中间体和所述下中间体连接后形成一中间连接体； 所述中间连接体中设 置有自上而下贯通的外控制油道、外喷油油道、 内控制油道和内喷油油道； 所述外控制油 道的顶端设有倒锥形腔体的外工作行程放大器，所述外控制油道的底部设有环形槽状的外 控制油腔；所述外喷油油道的底端连接至所述外压力室；所述内控制油道的顶端设有倒锥 形腔体的内工作行程放大器，所述内控制油道的中部设有内控制油腔；所述内喷油油道的 下部设有内压力室；所述双通道针阀体内设有套筒结构的针阀孔，套筒结构的底部分别设 有使套管内孔与外界贯通的内喷油嘴及使套管外孔与外界贯通的外喷油嘴；所述套管外孔 的中部设有外压力室，所述中间连接体中的外喷油油道向下延伸至所述外压力室； 所述套 管外孔的顶部与中间连接体底端环形槽状的外控制油腔连通，从而形成用于放置外针阀的 第一空间，所述第一空间的轴向尺寸大于外针阀的长度；所述套管内孔的顶部与中间连接 体中的内控制油腔连通，从而形成用于放置内针阀的第二空间，所述第二空间的轴向尺寸 大于内针阀的长度；所述外喷油油道和所述内喷油油道分别与所述双通道喷油器本体内的 两条喷油油道连通，从而自双通道喷油器本体的两个油管油道分别至所述双通道针阀体的 套管内孔底部和套管外孔底部形成了双通道；两个积层式压电驱动器的底端分别嵌在中间 连接体中的内控制油道和外内控制油道的上端口中；通过两个积层式压电驱动器来控制燃 油控制腔内的高压燃油压力， 使其与内压力室或外压力室内的高压燃油压力形成压力差， 以控制所述双通道针阀体内的内针阀和外针阀的开启和关闭，进而控制内喷油嘴和外喷油 嘴的喷油动作。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果是：
1、 采用本发明的双通道压电喷油器， 采用积层式压电驱动器直接驱动方式， 从而使 喷油动作更迅速，提高了喷油器的灵敏度，具有比电磁阀控制和压电驱动器间接控制喷油 更好地喷油性能；
2、 采用本发明的双通道压电喷油器， 可以实现不同燃料的缸内多次喷射， 并且对燃 料的物理特性没有特定的要求；
3、 采用本发明的双通道压电喷油器， 当两个喷油嘴同时喷油时， 通过两油束的相互 碰撞和干涉可实现喷油角度的改变；
4、 采用本发明的双通道压电喷油器， 可以消除缸内直喷双燃料时采用的两个喷油器 安装孔结构， 简化了气缸盖的复杂程度， 同时降低了制造和使用成本。 附图说明
图 1是本发明双通道压电喷油器的立体图；
图 2是图 1所示喷油器的俯视图；
图 3是图 1所示喷油器的仰视图；
图 4是图 1所示喷油器的左视剖视图；
图 5是图 1所示喷油器的后视复合剖视图；
图 6是图 4中所示双通道针阀体 1的俯视图；
图 7是图 4中所示双通道针阀体 1的剖视图；
图 8是图 5中所示双通道针阀体 1的剖视图； 图 9是图 4中所示外针阀 3的剖视图；
图 10是图 4中所示下中间体 4的剖视图；
图 11是图 5中所示下中间体 4的剖视图；
图 12是图 4中所示上中间体 5的剖视图；
图 13是图 5中所示上中间体 5的剖视图；
图 14是图 4中所示积层式压电驱动器的立体图；
图 15是图 1中所示双通道喷油器本体 9的立体图；
图 16是图 15所示双通道喷油器本体 9的仰视图；
图 17是图 15所示双通道喷油器本体 9的左视剖视图;
图 18是图 15所示双通道喷油器本体 9的后视图。
图中：
1-双通道针阀体 2-内针阀 3-外针阀
4-下中间体 5-上中间体 6、 7-积层式压电驱动器
8-紧固体 9-双通道喷油器本体 11- -内喷油嘴
12-外喷油嘴 13-针阀体隔壁 14, . 44、 57-外喷油油道
16-外压力室 31-外针阀密封锥面 32- -外针阀承压锥面
33-外针阀内圆柱面 40、 48-内针阀导孔 45, . 55-外控制油道
46-外控制油腔 47、 54-内喷油油道 49- -内压力室
51-内工作行程放大器 53-外工作行程放大器 56- -内控制油道
58-内控制油腔 61-驱动器密封体 62- -驱动器承压体
63-接线柱 91-喷油器固定槽 92- -电路插槽
93-油管接口 94-油管油道密封体 95- -接线柱安装孔
98-油管油道 96-内油道本体油腔 97- -外油道本体油腔
99-本体隔壁。 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细地描述。
如图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4和图 5所示， 本发明的双通道压电喷油器主要由双通道针 阀体 1、 内针阀 2、 外针阀 3、 下中间体 4、 上中间体 5、 内通道积层式压电驱动器 6、 外 通道积层式压电驱动器 7、 紧固体 8和双通道喷油器本体 9组成。
本发明双通道压电喷油器， 包括双通道喷油器本体 9， 所述双通道喷油器本体 9的底 端依次连接有上中间体 5、 下中间体 4和双通道针阀体 1 ; 所述双通道喷油器本体 9的顶 端设有两个油管接口 93， 每个油管接口 93内均设有油管油道 98，所述双通道喷油器本体 9内设有两个积层式压电驱动器和两条分别与两根油管油道连通的喷油油道， 如图 5和图 18所示。 如图 4所示， 所述双通道喷油器本体 9、 上中间体 5、 下中间体 4和双通道针阀体 1 之间的定位和连接采用定位销和定位孔配合的结构， 连接后的上中间体 5、 下中间体 4和 双通道针阀体 1的外部套装有与所述双通道喷油器本体 9紧密结合的紧固套 8。
如图 4、 图 8、 图 10、 图 11、 图 12和图 13所示， 所述上中间体 5和所述下中间体 4 连接后形成一中间连接体； 所述中间连接体中设置有自上而下贯通的外控制油道 45、 55、 外喷油油道 44、 54、 内控制油道 56和内喷油油道 47、 57， 所述外控制油道 55的顶端设 有倒锥形腔体的外工作行程放大器 53， 所述外控制油道 45的底部设有环形槽状的外控制 油腔 46 ;所述内控制油道 56的顶端设有倒锥形腔体的内工作行程放大器 51，所述内控制 油道的中部设有内控制油腔 58，所述内喷油油道 47的下部设有内压力室 49 ;所述外喷油 油道 44的底端连接至所述外压力室 16。
如图 6、 图 7和图 8所示， 所述双通道针阀体 1内设有套筒结构的针阀孔， 套筒结构 的底部分别设有使套管内孔与外界贯通的内喷油嘴 11及使套管外孔与外界贯通的外喷油 嘴 12; 所述套管外孔的中部设有外压力室 16，所述中间连接体中的外喷油油道 44向下延 伸至所述外压力室 16; 所述套管外孔的顶部与中间连接体底端环形槽状的外控制油腔 46 连通， 从而形成用于放置外针阀 3的第一空间， 所述外针阀 3上设置有外针阀密封锥面、 外针阀承压锥面和外针阀内圆柱面，所述第一空间的轴向尺寸大于外针阀 3的长度；所述 套管内孔的顶部与中间连接体中的内控制油腔 58连通， 从而形成用于放置内针阀 2的第 二空间，所述内针阀 2上设置有内针阀密封锥面和内针阀承压锥面； 所述第二空间的轴向 尺寸大于内针阀 2的长度； 所述外针阀 3与所述第一空间的内壁之间为间隙配合，所述内 针阀 2与所述第二空间的内壁之间为间隙配合。
如图 5和图 18所示， 所述外喷油油道和所述内喷油油道分别与所述双通道喷油器本 体 9内的两条喷油油道连通，从而自双通道喷油器本体 9的两个油管油道分别至所述双通 道针阀体 1的套管内孔底部和套管外孔底部形成了双通道；
如图 14所示， 所述积层式压电驱动器 6由驱动器密封体 61、 驱动器承压体 62和与 控制电路连接的接线柱 63构成。两个积层式压电驱动器 6、 7的底端分别嵌在中间连接体 中的内控制油道 56和外控制油道 55的上端口中； 通过两个积层式压电驱动器 6、 7来控 制燃油控制腔内的高压燃油压力，使其与外压力室 16或内压力室 49内的高压燃油压力形 成压力差， 以控制所述双通道针阀体 1内的内针阀和外针阀的开启和关闭，进而控制内喷 油嘴 11和外喷油嘴 12的喷油动作。
本发明中形成的内通道油路是： 内通道积层式压电驱动器 6下部的驱动器密封体 61、 内工作行程放大器 51、 内控制油道 56和内控制油腔 58形成内通道控制油道， 内喷油油 道 47、 内喷油油道 54、 内压力室 49、 内针阀承压锥面、 内针阀密封锥面和内喷油嘴 11 形成内通道喷油油道。 如图 10至图 14。
本发明中形成的外通道油路是： 外通道积层式压电驱动器 7下部的驱动器密封体 61、 外工作行程放大器 53、 外控制油道 55、 外控制油道 45和外控制油腔 46形成外通道控制 油道， 外喷油油道 44、 外喷油油道 57、 外喷油油道 14、 外压力室 16、 外针阀承压锥面 32、 外针阀密封锥面 31和外喷油嘴 12形成外通道喷油油道。 如图 10至图 14。
上述双通道油路的分隔结构： 本体隔壁 99 (如图 15所示）处于内工作行程放大器 51 和外工作行程放大器 53的中心平面上， 并与上中间体 5上表面密封接触， 实现内油道本 体油腔 96和外油道本体油腔 97的完全分离； 针阀体隔壁 13上表面和下中间体隔壁 43 下表面密封接触， 实现内外通道油路的分离； 此外， 双通道针阀体 1、 下中间体 4和上中 间体 5上的油道的空间设计， 实现控制油道和喷油油道的分离及内外通道油路的分离。
本发明中各连接部分的固定与连接形式， 如图 6、 图 10和图 11 : 在双通道针阀体 1 和下中间体 4的接触面上分别设有对正的定位孔 15、 41 以放置定位销 A， 用于实现双通 道针阀体 1和下中间体 4的精确定位； 同理，在下中间体 4和上中间体 5的接触面上分别 设有定位孔（下中间体 4和上中间体 5上的定位孔未画出） 以放置定位销 B， 用于实现下 中间体 4和上中间体 5的精确定位； 紧固体 8将双通道针阀体 1、 下中间体 4、 上中间体 5和双通道喷油器本体 9通过螺纹结构紧密连接在一起。
本发明中针阀的移动： 所述外针阀 3 与所述第一空间的内壁 （也即外针阀内圆柱面 33与针阀体隔壁 13 ) 之间为间隙配合， 两者之间形成移动副； 所述内针阀 2与所述第二 空间的内壁（也即内针阀导孔 40和 48的内表面与内针阀 2的外圆柱面）之间为间隙配合， 其两者之间也形成移动副。 如图 9、 图 10和图 11。 本发明双通道压电喷油器的工作原理：
如图 4、 图 5、 图 7、 图 8和图 17所示， 本发明中的两个油管接头 93、 油管油道 98、 本体隔壁 99、 上中间体 5、 下中间体 4和针阀体隔壁 13， 通过密封、 定位和钻孔设计形 成两个独立的互不干涉的双通道油路， 每个油路包括控制油道和喷油油道；
如图 4和图 14所示， 两个积层式压电驱动器 6、 7的驱动器密封体 61分别与上中间 体 5中的外、内两个工作行程放大器密封配合， 两个工作行程放大器的高压油出口分别与 内、 外针阀顶面相连形成两路控制油道；
如图 5和图 18所示， 用定位销定位的双通道针阀体 1、 下中间体 4和上中间体 5之 间通过密封、 定位和钻孔设计共同形成两路喷油油道；
通过控制积层式压电驱动器接线柱上的电压值来控制积层式压电驱动器的缩短和伸 长。积层式压电驱动器的缩短时， 由于驱动器承压体固定于喷油器本体上使得驱动器密封 体向上移动进而带动控制油腔内的燃油压力降低，使得压力室内的燃油压力大于控制油腔 内的压力， 实现针阀向上移动开启， 进而控制喷油嘴喷油。 积层式压电驱动器的伸长时， 使得驱动器密封体向下移动进而带动控制油腔内的燃油压力升高，使得压力室内的燃油压 力小于控制油腔内的压力， 实现针阀向下移动关闭， 进而控制喷油嘴断油。
两个工作行程放大器利用两个积层式压电驱动器的微小缩短量或伸长量， 使内、外针 阀产生较大的位移变动量， 继而控制针阀的有效开启和关闭。 本发明双通道压电喷油器实现喷油控制的过程是：
1、 内通道喷油控制： 内通道内的积层式压电驱动器 6在缩短时， 内控制油道的压力 小于内喷油油道的压力， 内针阀 2上的内针阀密封锥面和双通道针阀体 1分离， 内喷油油 道内的高压燃油到达内喷油嘴 11， 实现内通道喷油； 内通道的积层式压电驱动器 6在伸 长时， 内控制油道的压力大于内喷油油道的压力时， 内针阀 2上的内针阀密封锥面和双通 道针阀体 1密封接触， 内喷油油道内的高压燃油不能到达内喷油嘴 11， 实现内通道断油： 通过控制内通道积层式压电驱动器 6的缩短或伸长， 直接控制内通道喷油动作。
2、 外通道喷油控制： 外通道内的积层式压电驱动器 7在缩短时， 外控制油道的压力 小于外喷油油道的压力， 外针阀 3上的外针阀密封锥面 31和双通道针阀体 1分离， 外喷 油油道内的高压燃油到达外喷油嘴 12， 实现外通道喷油； 外通道积层式压电驱动器 7在 伸长时， 外控制油道的压力大于外喷油油道的压力时， 外针阀 3上的外针阀密封锥面 31 和双通道针阀体 1密封接触， 外喷油油道内的高压燃油不能到达外喷油嘴 12， 实现外通 道断油： 通过控制外通道积层式压电驱动器 7的缩短或伸长， 直接控制外通道喷油动作。
本发明双通道压电喷油器的大小尺寸与普通喷油器一样，消除了缸内直喷双燃料时采 用的两个喷油器安装孔结构， 简化了气缸盖的复杂程度； 本发明集双燃料（或单燃料双油 轨）喷射于一体， 能够实现双燃料（或单燃料）不同喷射压力的缸内多次喷射， 同时降低 了制造和使用成本； 当早喷燃油时，采用内喷油嘴喷油以避免普通喷油器早喷时湿壁加重 的现象的发生； 当两个喷油嘴同时喷油时，通过两油束的相互碰撞和干涉可实现喷油角度 的改变， 进一步避免早喷情况下的湿壁现象； 本发明可以提供良好的喷油特性， 能够满足 未来双燃料发动机和双轨发动机的需要。
尽管上面结合图对本发明进行了描述， 但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式， 上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明 的启示下， 在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下， 还可以作出很多变形， 这些均属于本发明的保 护之内。

Claims

权利要求
1 . 一种双通道压电喷油器， 包括双通道喷油器本体 （9)， 其特征在于， 所述双通道 喷油器本体 （9) 的底端依次连接有上中间体 （5 )、 下中间体 （4) 和双通道针阀体 （1 ); 所述双通道喷油器本体（9) 的顶端设有两个油管接口 （93 )， 每个油管接口 （93 ) 内 均设有油管油道（98)， 所述双通道喷油器本体（9) 内设有两个积层式压电驱动器和两条 分别与两根油管油道连通的喷油油道；
所述上中间体（5 )和所述下中间体（4)连接后形成一中间连接体； 所述中间连接体 中设置有自上而下贯通的外控制油道、 外喷油油道、 内控制油道和内喷油油道；
所述外控制油道的顶端设有倒锥形腔体的外工作行程放大器 （53 )， 所述外控制油道 的底部设有环形槽状的外控制油腔； 所述外喷油油道的底端连接至所述外压力室 （16); 所述内控制油道的顶端设有倒锥形腔体的内工作行程放大器 （51 )， 所述内控制油道 的中部设有内控制油腔； 所述内喷油油道的下部设有内压力室 （49);
所述双通道针阀体 （1 ) 内设有套筒结构的针阀孔， 套筒结构的底部分别设有使套管 内孔与外界贯通的内喷油嘴 （11 ) 及使套管外孔与外界贯通的外喷油嘴 （12); 所述套管 外孔的中部设有外压力室 （16)， 所述中间连接体中的外喷油油道向下延伸至所述外压力 室 （16); 所述套管外孔的顶部与中间连接体底端环形槽状的外控制油腔连通， 从而形成 用于放置外针阀 （3 ) 的第一空间， 所述第一空间的轴向尺寸大于外针阀的长度； 所述套 管内孔的顶部与中间连接体中的内控制油道连通， 从而形成用于放置内针阀 (2)的第二空 间， 所述第二空间的轴向尺寸大于内针阀的长度；
所述外喷油油道和所述内喷油油道分别与所述双通道喷油器本体 （9) 内的两条喷油 油道 (98)连通， 从而自双通道喷油器本体 （9) 的两个油管油道分别至所述双通道针阀体 ( 1 ) 的套管内孔底部和套管外孔底部形成了双通道；
两个积层式压电驱动器的底端分别嵌在中间连接体中的内控制油道和外控制油道的 上端口中；通过两个积层式压电驱动器来控制燃油控制腔内的高压燃油压力，使其与内压 力室（49)或外压力室（16)内的高压燃油压力形成压力差， 以控制所述双通道针阀体（1 ) 内的内针阀和外针阀的开启和关闭， 进而控制内喷油嘴（11 )和外喷油嘴（12 ) 的喷油动 作。
2.根据权利要求 1所述双通道压电喷油器，其特征在于，所述双通道喷油器本体（9)、 上中间体（5 )、 下中间体（4)和双通道针阀体（1 )之间的定位和连接采用定位销和定位 孔配合的结构， 连接后的上中间体（5 )、 下中间体（4)和双通道针阀体（1 ) 的外部套装 有与所述双通道喷油器本体 （9) 紧密结合的紧固套 （8)。
3.根据权利要求 1所述双通道压电喷油器， 其特征在于， 所述积层式压电驱动器（6) 由驱动器密封体 （61 )、 驱动器承压体 （62) 和与控制电路连接的接线柱 （63 ) 构成。
4.根据权利要求 1所述双通道压电喷油器， 其特征在于， 所述外针阀与所述第一空间 的内壁之间为间隙配合， 所述内针阀与所述第二空间的内壁之间为间隙配合。
5.根据权利要求 1所述双通道压电喷油器， 其特征在于， 所述内针阀 （2) 上设置有 内针阀密封锥面和内针阀承压锥面； 所述外针阀 （3 ) 上设置有外针阀密封锥面、 外针阀 承压锥面和外针阀内圆柱面。
PCT/CN2013/083664 2013-03-14 2013-09-17 双通道压电喷油器 WO2014139274A1 (zh)

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